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"name": "Jan Gies lives in Amsterdam for almost his entire life",
"name_nl": "Jan Gies woont bijna zijn hele leven in Amsterdam",
"name_en": "Jan Gies lives in Amsterdam for almost his entire life",
"content": "<p>During his life, Jan Gies lived at the following addresses in Amsterdam:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Rustenburgerstraat 191-I: from birth until <strong>12 December 1907</strong> (this address was renumbered 303 in<strong> April 1906</strong>).</li>\r\n\t<li>Rustenburgerstraat 299hs: from <strong>12 December 1907 </strong>to <strong>10 September 1914</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Van Ostadestraat 69 I: from <strong>10 September 1914 </strong>to<strong> 31 May 1917</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Hogeweg 38, Watergraafsmeer: from <strong>31 May 1917</strong> (Watergraafsmeer was still an independent municipality at the time).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>He returned to Amsterdam on <strong>15 May 1919</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>The marriage of Jan Gies's parents was dissolved by divorce on <strong>2 January 1925</strong>. According to the population records, he continued to live with his father, except for the short period in Eindhoven.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Eikenweg 20 I: from <strong>15 May 1919 </strong>to<strong> 6 April 1927</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Eindhoven: <strong>6 April 1927 </strong>to <strong>24 October 1927</strong> (alone). No further details are available.</li>\r\n\t<li>Eikenweg 20 I: from <strong>24 October 1927 </strong>to <strong>18 December 1928</strong><strong>.</strong> <sup data-footnote-id=\"ebb5c\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>13 December 1928</strong>, Jan Gies married M.M.G. Netten.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Stuyvesantstraat 55 III: Jan Gies was registered here from <strong>18 December 1928 </strong>to<strong> 21 July 1931</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Maasstraat 10: Jan Gies was registered on the 3rd floor from <strong>21 July 1931 </strong>until<strong> 4 September 1931</strong>. After that he was registered on the 2nd floor, until <strong>7 January 1936</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Noorder Amstellaan 149 III: Jan Gies was registered here from <strong>7 January 1936 </strong>to <strong>14 January 1936</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"syhzb\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> His wife was still registered here until <strong>28 April 1937</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5retj\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Amsteldijk 11 bovenhuis: Jan Gies was registered here from <strong>14 January 1936 </strong>to <strong>12 December 1938</strong>..<sup data-footnote-id=\"syhzb\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> This house stands on the corner of Amsteldijk and Govert Flinckstraat. It was the boarding house of the Amende family. There is a photo of the kitchen of this boarding house, with J. Bunjes-Amende, her mother L. Amende-Zaaiman, an unknown woman and the dog Thor.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l4e0j\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> When problems arose with the owner on Amsteldijk, the Amende family moved. All the residents, including Jan, moved with them.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ou033\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Rijnstraat 238 III: Jan Gies was registered here from <strong>22 December 1938 </strong>to <strong>4 December 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kxzlq\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Hunzestraat 25hs: Jan Gies was registered at this address from <strong>4 December 1940 </strong>until <strong>1 June 1946</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kxzlq\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> He actually left here much earlier. During much of <strong>1942</strong>, Dien Gendering was also registered at the house. He lived here with Mrs Stoppelman-van der Reis. According to Miep's memoirs, she and Jan initially lived there unmarried.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l7v50\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> According to Miep's personal record, she was registered at this address from her wedding day.</li>\r\n\t<li>Hunzestraat 120hs: Jan Gies was registered here from <strong>1 June 1946 </strong>to <strong>21 November 1946</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sjvsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> This was the home of Jan's sister Fenna. He actually lived here much earlier.</li>\r\n\t<li>Jekerstraat 65 II: Jan Gies was registered here from <strong>21 November 1946 </strong>to <strong>24 June 1953</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kxzlq\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> This was the home of Ab Cauvern, where Otto Frank also lived. Because the house was too large for a family with one child, he and Miep had to move when Otto Frank left for Switzerland.</li>\r\n\t<li>Woestduinstraat 86 I: Jan Gies was registered here from <strong>24 June 1953</strong> until his death on <strong>26 January 1993</strong>. Jan Gies applied for an occupancy permit for the house on <strong>5 November 1952</strong>. This was issued on <strong>18 May 1953</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3cve0\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> The lease took effect on <strong>1 August 1953</strong>. The rent was NLG 34.15 per month.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3cve0\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ebb5c\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart C. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"syhzb\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer. 5422): Gezinskaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5retj\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer. 5422): Gezinskaart M.M.G. Netten.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l4e0j\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Foto privébezit familie Bunjes. Op de Beeldbank van het Stadsarchief staat onder nummer 010003018328 een foto van het pand van voor 1951. In het pand was ook het Hoogheemraadschap Amstelland gevestigd. <em>Algemeen Adresboek der stad Amsterdam</em> 1938-'39, deel I, p. 68.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ou033\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Bunjes: Interview Joke Bunjes, 28 mei 2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kxzlq\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Zie noot 2 en; SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l7v50\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 60.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sjvsy\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3cve0\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_Gies_I_007: Huurcontract en woonvergunning Jan en Miep Gies van het pand Woestduinstraat 86/1 in Amsterdam (kopie).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"content_nl": "<p>Jan Gies woonde gedurende zijn leven op de volgende Amsterdamse adressen:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Rustenburgerstraat 191-I: van zijn geboorte tot <strong>12 december 1907</strong> (Dit adres werd in <strong>april 1906</strong> vernummerd tot 303).</li>\r\n\t<li>Rustenburgerstraat 299hs: van <strong>12 december 1907</strong> tot <strong>10 september 1914</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Van Ostadestraat 69 I: van <strong>10 september 1914</strong> tot <strong>31 mei 1917</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Hogeweg 38, Watergraafsmeer: vanaf <strong>31 mei 1917 </strong>(Watergraafsmeer was op dat moment nog een zelfstandige gemeente).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>15 mei 1919</strong> kwam hij in Amsterdam terug.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Het huwelijk van Jan Gies zijn ouders werd <strong>2 januari 1925</strong> door scheiding ontbonden. Volgens de bevolkingskaarten bleef hij bij zijn vader wonen, behoudens de korte periode in Eindhoven.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Eikenweg 20 I: van <strong>15 mei 1919</strong> tot <strong>6 april 1927</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Eindhoven: <strong>6 april 1927</strong> tot <strong>24 oktober 1927</strong> (alleen Jan). Nadere gegevens ontbreken.</li>\r\n\t<li>Eikenweg 20 I: van <strong>24 oktober 1927</strong> tot <strong>18 december 1928.</strong> <sup data-footnote-id=\"ebb5c\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>13 december 1928</strong> trouwde Jan Gies met M.M.G. Netten.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Stuyvesantstraat 55 III: Jan Gies stond hier ingeschreven van <strong>18 december 1928</strong> tot <strong>21 juli 1931</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Maasstraat 10: Jan Gies stond op 3 hoog ingeschreven van <strong>21 juli 1931</strong> tot <strong>4 september 1931</strong>. Daarna stond hij tot <strong>7 januari 1936</strong> ingeschreven op 2 hoog.</li>\r\n\t<li>Noorder Amstellaan 149 III: Jan Gies stond hier ingeschreven van <strong>7 januari 1936</strong> tot <strong>14 januari 1936</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"syhzb\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Zijn echtgenote stond hier nog tot <strong>28 april 1937</strong> ingeschreven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5retj\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Amsteldijk 11 bovenhuis: Jan Gies stond hier ingeschreven van <strong>14 januari 1936</strong> tot <strong>12 december 1938</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"syhzb\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Dit huis staat op de hoek van de Amsteldijk en de Govert Flinckstraat. Het was het pension van de familie Amende. Er is een foto van de keuken van dit pension, met daarin J. Bunjes-Amende, haar moeder L. Amende-Zaaiman, een onbekende vrouw en de hond Thor.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l4e0j\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Toen er op de Amsteldijk problemen met de eigenaar ontstonden, verhuisde de familie Amende. Alle bewoners, ook Jan, verhuisden mee.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ou033\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Rijnstraat 238 III: Jan Gies stond hier van <strong>22 december 1938</strong> tot <strong>4 december 1940</strong> ingeschreven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kxzlq\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Hunzestraat 25hs: Jan Gies stond op dit adres ingeschreven van <strong>4 december 1940</strong> tot <strong>1 juni 1946</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kxzlq\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Hij vertrok hier in werkelijkheid veel eerder, Gedurende een groot deel van het jaar <strong>1942 </strong>stond ook Dien Gendering in de woning ingeschreven. Hij woonde hier bij mevrouw Stoppelman-van der Reis. Volgens Mieps memoires woonden zij en Jan er aanvankelijk ongehuwd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l7v50\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Volgens Mieps persoonskaart stond ze op dit adres ingeschreven vanaf haar huwelijksdag.</li>\r\n\t<li>Hunzestraat 120hs: Jan Gies stond hier ingeschreven van <strong>1 juni 1946</strong> tot <strong>21 november 1946</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sjvsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Dit was de woning van Jans zus Fenna. Hij woonde hier in werkelijkheid veel eerder,</li>\r\n\t<li>Jekerstraat 65 II: Jan Gies stond hier ingeschreven van <strong>21 november 1946</strong> tot <strong>24 juni 1953</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kxzlq\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Dit was de woning van Ab Cauvern, waar ook Otto Frank woonde. Omdat de woning te groot was voor een gezin met één kind, moesten hij en Miep verhuizen toen Otto Frank naar Zwitserland vertrok.</li>\r\n\t<li>Woestduinstraat 86 I: Jan Gies stond hier ingeschreven van <strong>24 juni 1953</strong> tot zijn overlijden op <strong>26 januari 1993</strong>. Jan Gies vroeg op <strong>5 november 1952</strong> een woonvergunning voor de woning aan. Deze werd <strong>18 mei 1953</strong> verstrekt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3cve0\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> Het huurcontract ging in op 1 augustus 1953. De huur bedroeg fl. 34,15 per maand.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3cve0\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ebb5c\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart C. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"syhzb\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer. 5422): Gezinskaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5retj\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer. 5422): Gezinskaart M.M.G. Netten.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l4e0j\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Foto privébezit familie Bunjes. Op de Beeldbank van het Stadsarchief staat onder nummer 010003018328 een foto van het pand van voor 1951. In het pand was ook het Hoogheemraadschap Amstelland gevestigd. <em>Algemeen Adresboek der stad Amsterdam. 85ste jaargang,</em> 1938-1939, deel I, Amsterdam: Ellerman, Harms & Co., p. 68.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ou033\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Bunjes: Interview Joke Bunjes, 28 mei 2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kxzlq\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Zie noot 2 en; SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l7v50\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 60.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sjvsy\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3cve0\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_Gies_I_007: Huurcontract en woonvergunning Jan en Miep Gies van het pand Woestduinstraat 86/1 in Amsterdam (kopie).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"content_en": "<p>During his life, Jan Gies lived at the following addresses in Amsterdam:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Rustenburgerstraat 191-I: from birth until <strong>12 December 1907</strong> (this address was renumbered 303 in<strong> April 1906</strong>).</li>\r\n\t<li>Rustenburgerstraat 299hs: from <strong>12 December 1907 </strong>to <strong>10 September 1914</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Van Ostadestraat 69 I: from <strong>10 September 1914 </strong>to<strong> 31 May 1917</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Hogeweg 38, Watergraafsmeer: from <strong>31 May 1917</strong> (Watergraafsmeer was still an independent municipality at the time).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>He returned to Amsterdam on <strong>15 May 1919</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>The marriage of Jan Gies's parents was dissolved by divorce on <strong>2 January 1925</strong>. According to the population records, he continued to live with his father, except for the short period in Eindhoven.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Eikenweg 20 I: from <strong>15 May 1919 </strong>to<strong> 6 April 1927</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Eindhoven: <strong>6 April 1927 </strong>to <strong>24 October 1927</strong> (alone). No further details are available.</li>\r\n\t<li>Eikenweg 20 I: from <strong>24 October 1927 </strong>to <strong>18 December 1928</strong><strong>.</strong> <sup data-footnote-id=\"ebb5c\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>13 December 1928</strong>, Jan Gies married M.M.G. Netten.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Stuyvesantstraat 55 III: Jan Gies was registered here from <strong>18 December 1928 </strong>to<strong> 21 July 1931</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Maasstraat 10: Jan Gies was registered on the 3rd floor from <strong>21 July 1931 </strong>until<strong> 4 September 1931</strong>. After that he was registered on the 2nd floor, until <strong>7 January 1936</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Noorder Amstellaan 149 III: Jan Gies was registered here from <strong>7 January 1936 </strong>to <strong>14 January 1936</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"syhzb\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> His wife was still registered here until <strong>28 April 1937</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5retj\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Amsteldijk 11 bovenhuis: Jan Gies was registered here from <strong>14 January 1936 </strong>to <strong>12 December 1938</strong>..<sup data-footnote-id=\"syhzb\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> This house stands on the corner of Amsteldijk and Govert Flinckstraat. It was the boarding house of the Amende family. There is a photo of the kitchen of this boarding house, with J. Bunjes-Amende, her mother L. Amende-Zaaiman, an unknown woman and the dog Thor.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l4e0j\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> When problems arose with the owner on Amsteldijk, the Amende family moved. All the residents, including Jan, moved with them.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ou033\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Rijnstraat 238 III: Jan Gies was registered here from <strong>22 December 1938 </strong>to <strong>4 December 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kxzlq\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Hunzestraat 25hs: Jan Gies was registered at this address from <strong>4 December 1940 </strong>until <strong>1 June 1946</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kxzlq\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> He actually left here much earlier. During much of <strong>1942</strong>, Dien Gendering was also registered at the house. He lived here with Mrs Stoppelman-van der Reis. According to Miep's memoirs, she and Jan initially lived there unmarried.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l7v50\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> According to Miep's personal record, she was registered at this address from her wedding day.</li>\r\n\t<li>Hunzestraat 120hs: Jan Gies was registered here from <strong>1 June 1946 </strong>to <strong>21 November 1946</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sjvsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> This was the home of Jan's sister Fenna. He actually lived here much earlier.</li>\r\n\t<li>Jekerstraat 65 II: Jan Gies was registered here from <strong>21 November 1946 </strong>to <strong>24 June 1953</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kxzlq\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> This was the home of Ab Cauvern, where Otto Frank also lived. Because the house was too large for a family with one child, he and Miep had to move when Otto Frank left for Switzerland.</li>\r\n\t<li>Woestduinstraat 86 I: Jan Gies was registered here from <strong>24 June 1953</strong> until his death on <strong>26 January 1993</strong>. Jan Gies applied for an occupancy permit for the house on <strong>5 November 1952</strong>. This was issued on <strong>18 May 1953</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3cve0\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> The lease took effect on <strong>1 August 1953</strong>. The rent was NLG 34.15 per month.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3cve0\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ebb5c\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart C. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"syhzb\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer. 5422): Gezinskaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5retj\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer. 5422): Gezinskaart M.M.G. Netten.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l4e0j\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Foto privébezit familie Bunjes. Op de Beeldbank van het Stadsarchief staat onder nummer 010003018328 een foto van het pand van voor 1951. In het pand was ook het Hoogheemraadschap Amstelland gevestigd. <em>Algemeen Adresboek der stad Amsterdam</em> 1938-'39, deel I, p. 68.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ou033\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Bunjes: Interview Joke Bunjes, 28 mei 2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kxzlq\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Zie noot 2 en; SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l7v50\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 60.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sjvsy\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3cve0\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_Gies_I_007: Huurcontract en woonvergunning Jan en Miep Gies van het pand Woestduinstraat 86/1 in Amsterdam (kopie).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1907-12-12",
"date_end": "1993-01-26",
"summary": "Jan Gies lived almost his entire life in Amsterdam.",
"summary_nl": "Jan Gies woonde bijna zijn hele leven in Amsterdam.",
"summary_en": "Jan Gies lived almost his entire life in Amsterdam.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 224,
"main_image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/c016b49e-43e4-49ba-a588-d66a87ad3991/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645"
],
"persons": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/50f32ea2-cb6b-415b-8aff-e39901c461e1"
],
"location": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/bbed7414-1fa4-4417-bca3-a5ee40c96d09",
"published": true,
"uuid": "c016b49e-43e4-49ba-a588-d66a87ad3991",
"name": "Bep Voskuijl lived in Amsterdam almost all of her life",
"name_nl": "Bep Voskuijl woont haar hele leven in Amsterdam",
"name_en": "Bep Voskuijl lived in Amsterdam almost all of her life",
"content": "<p>During her life, Bep Voskuijl lived at the following addresses in Amsterdam (with the exception of the two years she lived in Hilversum):</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Reinwardtstraat 50-III, <strong>5 July 1919</strong> (birth) to <strong>21 March 1921</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Von Zesenstraat 88-hs,<strong> 21 March 1921</strong> to <strong>4 March 1924</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Gladiolusstraat 14, Hilversum, <strong>4 March 1924</strong> to <strong>2 July 1926</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Solostraat 10-III, <strong>2 July 1926</strong> to <strong>16 December 1930</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Fraunhoferstraat 34 boven, from <strong>16 December 1930</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"276rh\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Lumeystraat 18-II,<strong> 12 May 1933 </strong>to <strong>23 July 1941</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Da Costakade 77-I, <strong>23 July 1941 </strong>to <strong>6 May 1943.</strong></li>\r\n\t<li>Lumeystraat 18-II,<strong> 6 May 1943 </strong>to <strong>27 November 1944.</strong></li>\r\n\t<li>Lumeystraat 18-II, <strong>27 November 1944</strong> to <strong>15 May 1946</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Marco Polostraat 228-IV, <strong>15 May 1946</strong> (marriage) until <strong>12 June 1948</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Lumeystraat 18-I, <strong>12 June 1948 </strong>to <strong>13 January 1949.</strong></li>\r\n\t<li>Galileïplantsoen 119-hs,<strong> 13 January 1949 </strong>to <strong>6 May 1983</strong> (death).<sup data-footnote-id=\"vomm7\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Bep's aunt Alida C. Sodenkamp lived at the address Da Costakade 77-I. She moved to Eindhoven on <strong>15 April 1943</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2cofz\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Bep had probably moved back to Lumeystraat by then. If these registration dates are correct, Bep did not live at home during the first ten months of the hiding period.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the <strong>summer of 1942</strong>, Da Costakade was renamed Goeverneurkade. This change was also noted on Bep's personal card (PB).<sup data-footnote-id=\"puwzj\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>These are the addresses as they appear from official records. According to her son Ton van Wijk, Bep did not return to her own home after the raid on the Secret Annex on <strong>4 August 1944</strong>, but hid in the parental home of Cor van Wijk (her later husband). Cor himself was then in Osterode in the Harz region. It is not clear why and how she came to be at that address.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7gk7\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"276rh\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart J.H. Voskuijl. Van de eerste twee (inmiddels gesloopte) woningen staan 19e-eeuwse bouwtekeningen op de Beeldbank van het Stadsarchief onder de nummers 5221BT906984 en 5221BT908906. Het adres in Hilversum is ontleend aan: Streekarchief het Gooi en de Vechtstreek, Hilversum, Bevolkingsregister Hilversum, 1890-1940 (toegang SAGV068): Gezinskaart J.H. Voskuijl.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vomm7\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, DIenst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart E. Voskuijl.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2cofz\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dioenst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten, inv. nr. 66: Woningkaart Da Costakade 77-I.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"puwzj\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_Voskuijl_I_045: Persoonsbewijs (PB535901) van Elly (Elisabeth) Voskuijl.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h7gk7\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Voskuijl-Van Wijk: Verslag bezoek Ton van Wijk en familie, 12 mei 2006. Als dit klopt, moet dat het adres Joos Banckersweg 12-I zijn. SAA, Dinst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.H. van Wijk.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Bep Voskuijl heeft tijdens haar leven op de volgende adressen in Amsterdam gewoond (met uitzondering van de twee jaar dat zij in Hilversum woonde):</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Reinwardtstraat 50-III, <strong>5 juli 1919</strong> (geboorte) tot <strong>21 maart 1921</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Von Zesenstraat 88-hs, <strong>21 maart 1921</strong> tot <strong>4 maart 1924</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Gladiolusstraat 14, Hilversum, <strong>4 maart 1924</strong> tot <strong>2 juli 1926</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Solostraat 10-III, <strong>2 juli 1926</strong> tot <strong>16 december 1930</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Fraunhoferstraat 34 boven, vanaf <strong>16 december 1930</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"276rh\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Lumeystraat 18-II, <strong>12 mei 1933</strong> tot <strong>23 juli 1941</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Da Costakade 77-I, <strong>23 juli 1941</strong> tot <strong>6 mei 1943</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"od31k\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Lumeystraat 18-II, <strong>6 mei 1943</strong> tot <strong>27 november 1944</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Idem, <strong>27 november 1944</strong> tot <strong>15 mei 1946</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Marco Polostraat 228-IV, <strong>15 mei 1946</strong> (huwelijk) tot <strong>12 juni 1948</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Lumeystraat 18-I, <strong>12 juni 1948</strong> tot <strong>13 januari 1949</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Galileïplantsoen 119-hs, <strong>13 januari 1949</strong> tot <strong>6 mei 1983</strong> (overlijden).<sup data-footnote-id=\"vomm7\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Op het adres Da Costakade 77-I woonde Beps tante Alida C. Sodenkamp. Zij vertrok op <strong>15 april 1943</strong> naar Eindhoven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2cofz\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Bep was toen waarschijnlijk alweer terug naar de Lumeystraat. Als deze inschrijfdata juist zijn, woonde Bep de eerste tien maanden van de onderduiktijd niet thuis.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Dit zijn de adressen zoals ze uit officiële stukken naar voren zijn gekomen. Volgens zoon Ton van Wijk ging Bep na de inval in het Achterhuis van <strong>4 augustus 1944</strong> niet terug naar haar eigen huis, maar hield ze zich schuil in het ouderlijk huis van Cor van Wijk (haar latere echtgenoot). Cor zelf bevond zich dan in Osterode in de Harz. Het is niet duidelijk waarom en hoe ze op dat adres terecht is gekomen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7gk7\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"276rh\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart J.H. Voskuijl. Van de eerste twee (inmiddels gesloopte) woningen staan 19e-eeuwse bouwtekeningen op de Beeldbank van het Stadsarchief onder de nummers 5221BT906984 en 5221BT908906. Het adres in Hilversum is ontleend aan: Streekarchief het Gooi en de Vechtstreek, Hilversum, Bevolkingsregister Hilversum, 1890-1940 (toegang SAGV068): Gezinskaart J.H. Voskuijl.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"od31k\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>In de zomer van 1942 werd de Da Costakade omgedoopt tot Goeverneurkade. Die wijziging werd ook op Beps persoonsbewijs (PB) aangetekend. Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_Voskuijl_I_045: Persoonsbewijs (PB535901) van Elly (Elisabeth) Voskuijl.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vomm7\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart E. Voskuijl.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2cofz\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten, inv. nr. 66: Woningkaart Da Costakade 77-I.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h7gk7\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Voskuijl-Van Wijk: Verslag bezoek Ton van Wijk en familie, 12 mei 2006. Als dit klopt, moet dat het adres Joos Banckersweg 12-I zijn. SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.H. van Wijk.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>During her life, Bep Voskuijl lived at the following addresses in Amsterdam (with the exception of the two years she lived in Hilversum):</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Reinwardtstraat 50-III, <strong>5 July 1919</strong> (birth) to <strong>21 March 1921</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Von Zesenstraat 88-hs,<strong> 21 March 1921</strong> to <strong>4 March 1924</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Gladiolusstraat 14, Hilversum, <strong>4 March 1924</strong> to <strong>2 July 1926</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Solostraat 10-III, <strong>2 July 1926</strong> to <strong>16 December 1930</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Fraunhoferstraat 34 boven, from <strong>16 December 1930</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"276rh\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Lumeystraat 18-II,<strong> 12 May 1933 </strong>to <strong>23 July 1941</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Da Costakade 77-I, <strong>23 July 1941 </strong>to <strong>6 May 1943.</strong></li>\r\n\t<li>Lumeystraat 18-II,<strong> 6 May 1943 </strong>to <strong>27 November 1944.</strong></li>\r\n\t<li>Lumeystraat 18-II, <strong>27 November 1944</strong> to <strong>15 May 1946</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Marco Polostraat 228-IV, <strong>15 May 1946</strong> (marriage) until <strong>12 June 1948</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Lumeystraat 18-I, <strong>12 June 1948 </strong>to <strong>13 January 1949.</strong></li>\r\n\t<li>Galileïplantsoen 119-hs,<strong> 13 January 1949 </strong>to <strong>6 May 1983</strong> (death).<sup data-footnote-id=\"vomm7\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Bep's aunt Alida C. Sodenkamp lived at the address Da Costakade 77-I. She moved to Eindhoven on <strong>15 April 1943</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2cofz\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Bep had probably moved back to Lumeystraat by then. If these registration dates are correct, Bep did not live at home during the first ten months of the hiding period.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the <strong>summer of 1942</strong>, Da Costakade was renamed Goeverneurkade. This change was also noted on Bep's personal card (PB).<sup data-footnote-id=\"puwzj\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>These are the addresses as they appear from official records. According to her son Ton van Wijk, Bep did not return to her own home after the raid on the Secret Annex on <strong>4 August 1944</strong>, but hid in the parental home of Cor van Wijk (her later husband). Cor himself was then in Osterode in the Harz region. It is not clear why and how she came to be at that address.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7gk7\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"276rh\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart J.H. Voskuijl. Van de eerste twee (inmiddels gesloopte) woningen staan 19e-eeuwse bouwtekeningen op de Beeldbank van het Stadsarchief onder de nummers 5221BT906984 en 5221BT908906. Het adres in Hilversum is ontleend aan: Streekarchief het Gooi en de Vechtstreek, Hilversum, Bevolkingsregister Hilversum, 1890-1940 (toegang SAGV068): Gezinskaart J.H. Voskuijl.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vomm7\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, DIenst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart E. Voskuijl.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2cofz\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dioenst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten, inv. nr. 66: Woningkaart Da Costakade 77-I.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"puwzj\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_Voskuijl_I_045: Persoonsbewijs (PB535901) van Elly (Elisabeth) Voskuijl.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h7gk7\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Voskuijl-Van Wijk: Verslag bezoek Ton van Wijk en familie, 12 mei 2006. Als dit klopt, moet dat het adres Joos Banckersweg 12-I zijn. SAA, Dinst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.H. van Wijk.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1919-07-05",
"date_end": "1983-05-06",
"summary": "Bep Voskuijl lived in Amsterdam almost all of her life.",
"summary_nl": "Bep Voskuijl heeft bijna haar hele leven in Amsterdam gewoond.",
"summary_en": "Bep Voskuijl lived in Amsterdam almost all of her life.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 188,
"main_image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/7a623c65-adc8-45d7-a3a4-b593b436eb2c/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/9387d3f9-946e-454c-a5ca-114d9d072653"
],
"persons": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/5166e05f-5950-486d-bb13-160b2a586fd5",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/ed339c73-996b-4487-aae3-788665590336",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/2a0239aa-ef2d-44db-83f2-a9b443509b9e"
],
"location": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/bbed7414-1fa4-4417-bca3-a5ee40c96d09",
"published": true,
"uuid": "7a623c65-adc8-45d7-a3a4-b593b436eb2c",
"name": "Edith Frank's Dutch lessons",
"name_nl": "De Nederlandse lessen van Edith Frank",
"name_en": "Edith Frank's Dutch lessons",
"content": "<p>Nothing is known about how and to what extent Edith Frank-Holländer mastered the Dutch language.<sup data-footnote-id=\"fgdo7\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Books belonging to her that have survived are in German and French. In letters to Gertrud Naumann, Edith did write about Margot and Anne's progress in the Dutch language, but not about her own.<sup data-footnote-id=\"p65d6\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Edith did occasionally write in Dutch, as some documents show. Around <strong>August 1934, </strong>she wrote a reference for Renate Wolf: "We hereby confirm that Miss Renate Wolf is employed by us. Salary NLG 5 per week for ½ day. Mrs Otto Frank Merwedeplein 37 II".<sup data-footnote-id=\"nh550\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> And in <strong>1935</strong> she wrote extensive congratulations in Dutch on the occasion of the birth of a son of the Hofhuis family, friends of the family.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jrzi7\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>According to Anne, her mother spoke very poor Dutch. In her diary, she writes:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>"Please bear in mind, Kitty, that the two ladies here speak outrageous Dutch (I wouldn't dare say anything about the gentlemen, they would be very offended), if you heard that mess you would laugh; we don't even pay attention to it anymore, it doesn't help anyway. When I write about mother or Mrs v. P., I won't use the original language but proper Dutch<em>."</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"7fqr0\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fgdo7\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zowel Rosa Hartog-Groenman als A.C.M. Huijsmans-Douwes hebben verklaard Nederlandse les aan Edith gegeven te hebben. Deze beweringen zijn omstreden en vinden geen steun in andere bronnen. Anne Frank Stichting (AFS) Getuigenarchief, Groenman-Hartog, Rosa & Huijsman-Douwes, A.C.M.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"p65d6\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Anne Frank Collectie (AFS), reg. code A_Getuigen_I_087, 090-4: Edith Frank aan Gertud Naumann, "Donnerstag" (ongedateerd) en "Dienstag" (= 26 maart 1935).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nh550\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit Judy Showers: handschrift Edith Frank op achterzijde van getuigschrift voor Renate Wolf op Opekta-papier, getekend door Victor Kugler, d.d. 7 augustus 1934. Judy Showers is de dochter van Renate Wolf.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jrzi7\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privécollectie: Edith Frank aan Bep Hofhuis, 30 juni 1935.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7fqr0\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 2 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Over de manier waarop en de mate waarin Edith Frank-Holländer zich de Nederlandse taal eigen gemaakte, is niets bekend.<sup data-footnote-id=\"fgdo7\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Boeken van haar die bewaard zijn gebleven zijn in het Duits en Frans. In de brieven aan Gertrud Naumann schreef Edith wel over de vorderingen in de Nederlandse taal van Margot en Anne, maar niet over die van haarzelf.<sup data-footnote-id=\"p65d6\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Edith schreef af en toe wel in het Nederlands, zoals blijkt uit enkele documenten. Omstreeks <strong>augustus 1934 </strong>schreef zij een referentie voor Renate Wolf: <em>Hiermede bevestigen wij dat mejuffrouw Renate Wolf bij ons werkzaam is. Salaris fl. 5.- p. week voor ½ dage. Mevr. Otto Frank Merwedeplein 37 II.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"nh550\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> En in <strong>1935</strong> schreef zij een uitgebreide Nederlandse gelukwens ter gelegenheid van de geboorte van een zoon van de bevriende familie Hofhuis.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jrzi7\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Volgens Anne sprak haar moeder erg slecht Nederlands. In haar dagboek schrijft ze:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>'Houd er alsje't blieft rekening mee, Kitty, dat de twee dames hier, schandelijk Nederlands spreken (van de heren durf ik niets te zeggen, die zouden erg beledigd zijn.), als je dat gehaspel eens zou horen zou je schateren; wij letten er niet eens meer op, verbeteren helpt toch niet. ik zal als ik over moeder of mevr.v.P. schrijf maar niet het originele taaltje weergeven doch behoorlijk Nederlands’.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7fqr0\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fgdo7\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zowel Rosa Hartog-Groenman als A.C.M. Huijsmans-Douwes hebben verklaard Nederlandse les aan Edith gegeven te hebben. Deze beweringen zijn omstreden en vinden geen steun in andere bronnen. Anne Frank Stichting (AFS) Getuigenarchief, Groenman-Hartog, Rosa & Huijsman-Douwes, A.C.M.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"p65d6\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Anne Frank Collectie (AFS), reg. code A_Getuigen_I_087, 090-4: Edith Frank aan Gertud Naumann, "Donnerstag" (ongedateerd) en "Dienstag" (= 26 maart 1935).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nh550\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit Judy Showers: handschrift Edith Frank op achterzijde van getuigschrift voor Renate Wolf op Opekta-papier, getekend door Victor Kugler, d.d. 7 augustus 1934. Judy Showers is de dochter van Renate Wolf.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jrzi7\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privécollectie: Edith Frank aan Bep Hofhuis, 30 juni 1935.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7fqr0\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek B, 2 september 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk,</em> Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013. </cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Nothing is known about how and to what extent Edith Frank-Holländer mastered the Dutch language.<sup data-footnote-id=\"fgdo7\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Books belonging to her that have survived are in German and French. In letters to Gertrud Naumann, Edith did write about Margot and Anne's progress in the Dutch language, but not about her own.<sup data-footnote-id=\"p65d6\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Edith did occasionally write in Dutch, as some documents show. Around <strong>August 1934, </strong>she wrote a reference for Renate Wolf: "We hereby confirm that Miss Renate Wolf is employed by us. Salary NLG 5 per week for ½ day. Mrs Otto Frank Merwedeplein 37 II".<sup data-footnote-id=\"nh550\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> And in <strong>1935</strong> she wrote extensive congratulations in Dutch on the occasion of the birth of a son of the Hofhuis family, friends of the family.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jrzi7\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>According to Anne, her mother spoke very poor Dutch. In her diary, she writes:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>"Please bear in mind, Kitty, that the two ladies here speak outrageous Dutch (I wouldn't dare say anything about the gentlemen, they would be very offended), if you heard that mess you would laugh; we don't even pay attention to it anymore, it doesn't help anyway. When I write about mother or Mrs v. P., I won't use the original language but proper Dutch<em>."</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"7fqr0\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fgdo7\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zowel Rosa Hartog-Groenman als A.C.M. Huijsmans-Douwes hebben verklaard Nederlandse les aan Edith gegeven te hebben. Deze beweringen zijn omstreden en vinden geen steun in andere bronnen. Anne Frank Stichting (AFS) Getuigenarchief, Groenman-Hartog, Rosa & Huijsman-Douwes, A.C.M.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"p65d6\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Anne Frank Collectie (AFS), reg. code A_Getuigen_I_087, 090-4: Edith Frank aan Gertud Naumann, "Donnerstag" (ongedateerd) en "Dienstag" (= 26 maart 1935).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nh550\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit Judy Showers: handschrift Edith Frank op achterzijde van getuigschrift voor Renate Wolf op Opekta-papier, getekend door Victor Kugler, d.d. 7 augustus 1934. Judy Showers is de dochter van Renate Wolf.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jrzi7\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privécollectie: Edith Frank aan Bep Hofhuis, 30 juni 1935.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7fqr0\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 2 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "Nothing is known about how Edith Frank-Holländer mastered the Dutch language.",
"summary_nl": "Over hoe Edith Frank-Holländer zich de Nederlandse taal eigen gemaakte, is niets bekend.",
"summary_en": "Nothing is known about how Edith Frank-Holländer mastered the Dutch language.",
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/0a9383f6-8b2e-43f1-81ab-8f962d3ad569/",
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"name": "Edith Frank's English lessons",
"name_nl": "De Engelse lessen van Edith Frank",
"name_en": "Edith Frank's English lessons",
"content": "<p>At <em>Viktoriaschule</em>, the secondary school Edith attended, English was part of the regular curriculum.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7tdvu\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> In the Netherlands, Edith was taught English by Rosey Pool.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6zkjo\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Otto Frank described Rosey Pool to Nathan Straus as an: "English lady, who lived here before the war and shortly after the war and is now living in London. I know her personally and she gave lessons to Edith and knew the children<em>".</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"zjyoy\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>According to Anne, Edith also learnt English through written courses while in hiding.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xgo2n\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7tdvu\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), afd. Collecties, Documenten naar taxonomie, Edith Frank, Opleidingen: Mail Hans-Jürgen Serwe aan Erika Prins (AFS), 6 mei 2015.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6zkjo\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_132: Otto Frank aan Vallentine Mitchell and Co., 22 november 1950.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zjyoy\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_154: Otto Frank aan Nathan Straus, 22 november 1950. Rosey Pool maakt later een Engelse vertaling van het dagboek die echter niet werd gebruikt wegens gebrek aan kwaliteit.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xgo2n\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 16-19 May 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Op de Viktoriaschule, de middelbare school die Edith bezocht, behoorde Engels tot het gewone lesprogramma.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7tdvu\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> In Nederland kreeg Edith Engelse les van Rosey Pool.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6zkjo\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Otto Frank beschreef Rosey Pool aan Nathan Straus als een: <em>English lady, who lived here before the war and shortly after the war and is now living in London. I know her personally and she gave lessons to Edith and knew the children.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"zjyoy\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Volgens Anne leerde Edith tijdens de onderduik ook Engels uit schriftelijke cursussen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xgo2n\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7tdvu\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), afd. Collecties, Documenten naar taxonomie, Edith Frank, Opleidingen: Mail Hans-Jürgen Serwe aan Erika Prins (AFS), 6 mei 2015.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6zkjo\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_132: Otto Frank aan Vallentine Mitchell and Co., 22 november 1950.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zjyoy\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_154: Otto Frank aan Nathan Straus, 22 november 1950. Rosey Pool maakt later een Engelse vertaling van het dagboek die echter niet werd gebruikt wegens gebrek aan kwaliteit.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xgo2n\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 16-19 mei 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk,</em> Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>At <em>Viktoriaschule</em>, the secondary school Edith attended, English was part of the regular curriculum.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7tdvu\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> In the Netherlands, Edith was taught English by Rosey Pool.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6zkjo\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Otto Frank described Rosey Pool to Nathan Straus as an: "English lady, who lived here before the war and shortly after the war and is now living in London. I know her personally and she gave lessons to Edith and knew the children<em>".</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"zjyoy\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>According to Anne, Edith also learnt English through written courses while in hiding.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xgo2n\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7tdvu\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), afd. Collecties, Documenten naar taxonomie, Edith Frank, Opleidingen: Mail Hans-Jürgen Serwe aan Erika Prins (AFS), 6 mei 2015.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6zkjo\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_132: Otto Frank aan Vallentine Mitchell and Co., 22 november 1950.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zjyoy\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_154: Otto Frank aan Nathan Straus, 22 november 1950. Rosey Pool maakt later een Engelse vertaling van het dagboek die echter niet werd gebruikt wegens gebrek aan kwaliteit.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xgo2n\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 16-19 May 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "Edith Frank-Holländer learnt English not only during her secondary school days, but also afterwards.",
"summary_nl": "Edith Frank-Holländer leerde niet alleen Engels tijdens haar middelbare schooltijd, maar ook daarna.",
"summary_en": "Edith Frank-Holländer learnt English not only during her secondary school days, but also afterwards.",
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"name": "Accommodation",
"name_nl": "Verblijf",
"name_en": "Accommodation",
"description": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"description_nl": "<p>Onder verblijf wordt verstaan een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.</p>",
"description_en": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"summary": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"summary_nl": "Verblijf is een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.",
"summary_en": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
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"published": true,
"name": "Amsterdam",
"name_nl": "Amsterdam",
"name_en": "Amsterdam",
"uuid": "bbed7414-1fa4-4417-bca3-a5ee40c96d09",
"content": "<p>During the <strong>1930s</strong>, all the protagonists of the hiding in the Secret Annex gathered in the city: the Frank and Van Pels families, and Fritz Pfeffer. Apart from the commuter Kugler, all were also living there. Miep Gies had lived there since <strong>1924</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Since <strong>1923</strong>, Amsterdam was the location of several businesses of Otto Frank and his family. It was the birthplace of Jan Gies and Bep Voskuijl.<sup data-footnote-id=\"skchv\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"skchv\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Voor een overzicht van honderden adressen in Amsterdam die op de een of andere manier een rol speelden tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog, zie Bianca Stigter, <em>Atlas van een bezette stad: Amsterdam 1940-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Atlas Contact, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>In de loop van de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> verzamelden alle hoofdrolspelers van de onderduik in het Achterhuis zich in de stad: de families Frank en Van Pels, en Fritz Pfeffer. Behalve de forens Kugler waren allen er ook woonachtig. Miep Gies woonde er al sinds <strong>1924</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sinds <strong>1923</strong> was Amsterdam de vestigingsplaats van verschillende bedrijven van Otto Frank en zijn familie. Het is de geboorteplaats van Jan Gies en Bep Voskuijl.<sup data-footnote-id=\"09mv5\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"09mv5\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Voor een overzicht van honderden adressen in Amsterdam die op de een of andere manier een rol speelden tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog, zie Bianca Stigter, <em>Atlas van een bezette stad: Amsterdam 1940-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Atlas Contact, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>During the <strong>1930s</strong>, all the protagonists of the hiding in the Secret Annex gathered in the city: the Frank and Van Pels families, and Fritz Pfeffer. Apart from the commuter Kugler, all were also living there. Miep Gies had lived there since <strong>1924</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Since <strong>1923</strong>, Amsterdam was the location of several businesses of Otto Frank and his family. It was the birthplace of Jan Gies and Bep Voskuijl.<sup data-footnote-id=\"skchv\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"skchv\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Voor een overzicht van honderden adressen in Amsterdam die op de een of andere manier een rol speelden tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog, zie Bianca Stigter, <em>Atlas van een bezette stad: Amsterdam 1940-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Atlas Contact, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
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"summary": "Amsterdam traditionally had a large Jewish population. During the German occupation, it was the city where almost all anti-Jewish measures found their first application or hit hardest. Although many sought refuge in the countryside, the capital also had a large population of people in hiding.",
"summary_nl": "Amsterdam had van oudsher een grote Joodse bevolkingsgroep. Tijdens de Duitse bezetting was het de stad waar vrijwel alle anti-Joodse maatregelen hun eerste toepassing vonden of het hardste aankwamen. Hoewel velen hun toevlucht op het platteland zochten, kende ook de hoofdstad een grote populatie van onderduikers.",
"summary_en": "Amsterdam traditionally had a large Jewish population. During the German occupation, it was the city where almost all anti-Jewish measures found their first application or hit hardest. Although many sought refuge in the countryside, the capital also had a large population of people in hiding.",
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/a3fe11e5-db57-4efb-bc79-6c5641daeede/",
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"name": "Johannes Kleiman lives in Amsterdam for almost all of his life",
"name_nl": "Johannes Kleiman woont bijna zijn hele leven in Amsterdam",
"name_en": "Johannes Kleiman lives in Amsterdam for almost all of his life",
"content": "<p>Johannes Kleiman lived at many different addresses. The first part of the following overview are the addresses where he lived with his parents, as far as is known. This is followed by an overview of addresses where he lived after his marriage.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Daalseweg 54, Nijmegen<strong> (1898</strong>). The blacksmith H.J. van Kleef also lived here at the time.<sup data-footnote-id=\"azj0i\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Daalseweg 116, Nijmegen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6bu8h\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Hoogte Kadijk 85 house, Amsterdam: from <strong>27 May 1904</strong> to <strong>24 April 1906</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Celebesstraat 57 III, Amsterdam: from <strong>24 April 1906</strong> to <strong>29 July 1907</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Pieter Vlamingstraat 94 I, Amsterdam: from <strong>29 July 1907</strong> to <strong>16 September 1907.</strong></li>\r\n\t<li>Mauritskade 69 I, Amsterdam: from <strong>16 September 1907</strong> to <strong>11 July 1908</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Commelinstraat 27 III, Amsterdam: from <strong>11 July 1908</strong> to <strong>5 November 1915</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Rapenburg 36 II, Amsterdam: from <strong>5 November 1915</strong> to <strong>20 May 1916</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Kattenburgerkade 49 III, Amsterdam: from <strong>20 May 1916</strong> to <strong>9 March 1923</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Marinierstraat 4 house, Amsterdam: from <strong>9 March 1923</strong> to <strong>21 July 1923.</strong></li>\r\n\t<li>At Mariniersstraat 6, Amsterdam, Kleiman's father had a blacksmith shop.<sup data-footnote-id=\"il5iv\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Rombout Hogerbeetsstraat 21 I, Amsterdam: From <strong>21 July 19</strong> 23 to <strong>2 July 1928</strong>. This was the first address after his marriage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1jw6k\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> The firm Michael Frank & Zonen was registered at this address from <strong>9 July 1925</strong> to <strong>17 July 1928</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"u57tj\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Frederik Hendrikstraat 24 III, Amsterdam: From <strong>2 July 1928</strong> to <strong>6 March 1929</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1jw6k\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> The firm Michael Frank & Zonen was registered at this address from <strong>17 July 1928</strong> to <strong>1 January 1929</strong> (the date of dissolution).<sup data-footnote-id=\"u57tj\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Thomsonlaan 25, Haarlem: From <strong>6 March 1929</strong> to <strong>29 April 1933</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1jw6k\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> The Commercial Register of the Centrale Maatschappij shows that this was Kleiman's only Haarlem address.</li>\r\n\t<li>General Vetterstraat 40 boven, Amsterdam: from <strong>29 April 1933</strong> to <strong>24 September 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y0kti\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> In <strong>1937</strong>, N.V. Paauwe's Volautomatische Kalenderuurwerken was also listed at this address.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3yuoi\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>General Vetterstraat 43 huis, Amsterdam: From <strong>24 September 1940</strong> to <strong>7 June 19</strong> 43.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y0kti\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> From its establishment on <strong>1 June 1941</strong> until the move, Handelsonderneming Gebroeders Kleiman had its registered office there.<sup data-footnote-id=\"74vqc\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Wielingenstraat 12 II, Amsterdam: from <strong>7 June 1943</strong> to <strong>13 October 1949</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4kkhf\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> This address also housed Handelsonderneming Gebroeders Kleiman during that period.<sup data-footnote-id=\"74vqc\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Before that, the Jewish couple Salomone and Rebecca Loeté-Rabbie lived there.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sd6eh\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Biesboschstraat 37 I, Amsterdam: From <strong>13 October 1949</strong> until his death.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8gpa7\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> He lived here above Gerrit de Kleijn, whom he employed in the Opekta-Pectacon warehouse.<sup data-footnote-id=\"d2ne7\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> From <strong>23 December 1949</strong> until its closure on <strong>31 December 1949</strong>, Handelsonderneming Gebroeders Kleiman was located there.<sup data-footnote-id=\"74vqc\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"azj0i\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Adresboek voor Nijmegen en het Schependom</em>, Ubbergen en Beek 1898, p. 121.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6bu8h\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Adresboek voor Nijmegen en het Schependom</em>, Ubbergen en Beek 1899, p. 128; 1901, p. 130; 1902, p. 137; 1903, p. 138. Dit betreft misschien een vernummering, maar dat is op dit moment niet bekend.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"il5iv\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Noord-Hollands Archief (NHA), Haarlem, Handelsregister Kamer van Koophandel Amsterdam, inv. nr. 97, dossier 12674. Op Beeldbankfoto 010009004826 van het Stadsarchief Amsterdam zijn de panden Mariniersstraat 4 en 6 te zien.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1jw6k\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5421): Gezinskaart Johannes Kleiman.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"u57tj\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, Archief Anne Frank 212c-6a: Kopie Handelsregisterdossier 19006.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y0kti\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Johanna Catharina Reuman.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3yuoi\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Volgens een e-mail van Willem van der Krogt, 20 augustus 2009, stond dat in het klokkenmakersvakblad <em>Christiaan Huygens</em> van 29 mei 1937.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"74vqc\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>NHA, Handelsregister Kamer van Koophandel Amsterdam, inv. nr. 448-1148, dossier 56003.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4kkhf\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Johanna Catharina Reuman..Op de kaart van Kleiman ontbreekt gedetailleerde informatie over de oudere adressen.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sd6eh\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Joods Monument: <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/66537/residency-of-salomon-loete-and-his-family\" target=\"_blank\">Verblijf van Gezin Salomon Loeté</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8gpa7\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Johannes Kleiman.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"d2ne7\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief, Kwakernaak, Jeanne: Interview met Jeanne Kwakernaak, 15 december 2000. De Kleijn staat op de foto van Prinsengracht 263 die in het Anne Frank Huis hangt.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Johannes Kleiman heeft op veel verschillende adressen gewoond. Het eerste deel van het volgende overzicht zijn de adressen waar hij voor - zover bekend- met zijn ouders woont. Daarna volgt een overzicht van adressen waar hij na zijn huwelijk woont.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Daalseweg 54, Nijmegen (<strong>1898</strong>). Hier woonde dan tevens de smid H.J. van Kleef.<sup data-footnote-id=\"azj0i\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Daalseweg 116, Nijmegen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6bu8h\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Hoogte Kadijk 85 huis, Amsterdam: van <strong>27 mei 1904</strong> tot <strong>24 april 1906</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Celebesstraat 57 III, Amsterdam: van <strong>24 april 1906</strong> tot <strong>29 juli 1907</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Pieter Vlamingstraat 94 I, Amsterdam: van <strong>29 juli 1907</strong> tot <strong>16 september 1907.</strong></li>\r\n\t<li>Mauritskade 69 I, Amsterdam: van <strong>16 september 1907</strong> tot <strong>11 juli 1908</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Commelinstraat 27 III, Amsterdam: van <strong>11 juli 1908</strong> tot <strong>5 november 1915</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Rapenburg 36 II, Amsterdam: van <strong>5 november 1915</strong> tot <strong>20 mei 1916</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Kattenburgerkade 49 III, Amsterdam: van <strong>20 mei 1916</strong> tot <strong>9 maart 1923</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Marinierstraat 4 huis, Amsterdam: van <strong>9 maart 1923</strong> tot <strong>21 juli 1923.</strong></li>\r\n\t<li>Op Mariniersstraat 6, Amsterdam had vader Kleiman van een smederij.<sup data-footnote-id=\"il5iv\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Rombout Hogerbeetsstraat 21 I, Amsterdam: Van <strong>21 juli 1923</strong> tot <strong>2 juli 1928</strong>. Dit was het eerste adres na zijn huwelijk.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1jw6k\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> De firma Michael Frank & Zonen was van <strong>9 juli 1925</strong> tot <strong>17 juli 1928</strong> op dit adres ingeschreven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"u57tj\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Frederik Hendrikstraat 24 III, Amsterdam: Van <strong>2 juli 1928</strong> tot <strong>6 maart 1929</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1jw6k\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> De firma Michael Frank & Zonen was van <strong>17 juli 1928</strong> tot <strong>1 januari 1929</strong> (de opheffingsdatum) op dit adres ingeschreven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"u57tj\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Thomsonlaan 25, Haarlem: Van <strong>6 maart 1929</strong> tot <strong>29 april 1933</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1jw6k\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Uit het Handelsregister van de Centrale Maatschappij blijkt dat dit Kleimans enige Haarlemse adres was.</li>\r\n\t<li>Generaal Vetterstraat 40 boven, Amsterdam: Van <strong>29 april 1933</strong> tot <strong>24 september 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y0kti\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> In <strong>1937</strong> stond op dit adres ook N.V. Paauwe's Volautomatische Kalenderuurwerken vermeld.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3yuoi\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Generaal Vetterstraat 43 huis, Amsterdam: Van <strong>24 september 1940</strong> tot <strong>7 juni 1943</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y0kti\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Vanaf de oprichting op <strong>1 juni 1941</strong> tot de verhuizing was Handelsonderneming gebroeders Kleiman hier gevestigd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"74vqc\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Wielingenstraat 12 II, Amsterdam: Van <strong>7 juni 1943</strong> tot <strong>13 oktober 1949</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4kkhf\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> Op dit adres was gedurende die periode ook Handelsonderneming gebroeders Kleiman gevestigd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"74vqc\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Daarvoor woonde er het Joodse echtpaar Salomone en Rebecca Loeté-Rabbie.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ic5h4\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Biesboschstraat 37 I, Amsterdam: Van <strong>13 oktober 1949</strong> tot zijn overlijden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8gpa7\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Hij woonde hier boven Gerrit de Kleijn, die hij werk in het Opekta-Pectaconmagazijn bezorgde.<sup data-footnote-id=\"d2ne7\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> Vanaf <strong>23 december 1949</strong> tot de opheffing op <strong>31 december 1949</strong> was de Handelsonderneming gebroeders Kleiman hier gevestigd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"74vqc\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"azj0i\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Adresboek voor Nijmegen en het Schependom</em>, Ubbergen en Beek 1898, p. 121.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6bu8h\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Adresboek voor Nijmegen en het Schependom</em>, Ubbergen en Beek 1899, p. 128; 1901, p. 130; 1902, p. 137; 1903, p. 138. Dit betreft misschien een vernummering, maar dat is op dit moment niet bekend.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"il5iv\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Noord-Hollands Archief (NHA), Haarlem, Handelsregister Kamer van Koophandel Amsterdam, inv. nr. 97, dossier 12674. Op Beeldbankfoto 010009004826 van het Stadsarchief Amsterdam zijn de panden Mariniersstraat 4 en 6 te zien.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1jw6k\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5421): Gezinskaart Johannes Kleiman.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"u57tj\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, Archief Anne Frank 212c-6a: Kopie Handelsregisterdossier 19006.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y0kti\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Johanna Catharina Reuman.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3yuoi\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Volgens een e-mail van Willem van der Krogt, 20 augustus 2009, stond dat in het klokkenmakersvakblad <em>Christiaan Huygens</em> van 29 mei 1937.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"74vqc\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>NHA, Handelsregister Kamer van Koophandel Amsterdam, inv. nr. 448-1148, dossier 56003.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4kkhf\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Johanna Catharina Reuman..Op de kaart van Kleiman ontbreekt gedetailleerde informatie over de oudere adressen.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ic5h4\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Joods Monument: <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/66537/residency-of-salomon-loete-and-his-family\" target=\"_blank\">Verblijf van Gezin Salomon Loeté</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8gpa7\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Johannes Kleiman.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"d2ne7\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief, Kwakernaak, Jeanne: Interview met Jeanne Kwakernaak, 15 december 2000. De Kleijn staat op de foto van Prinsengracht 263 die in het Anne Frank Huis hangt.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Johannes Kleiman lived at many different addresses. The first part of the following overview are the addresses where he lived with his parents, as far as is known. This is followed by an overview of addresses where he lived after his marriage.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Daalseweg 54, Nijmegen<strong> (1898</strong>). The blacksmith H.J. van Kleef also lived here at the time.<sup data-footnote-id=\"azj0i\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Daalseweg 116, Nijmegen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6bu8h\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Hoogte Kadijk 85 house, Amsterdam: from <strong>27 May 1904</strong> to <strong>24 April 1906</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Celebesstraat 57 III, Amsterdam: from <strong>24 April 1906</strong> to <strong>29 July 1907</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Pieter Vlamingstraat 94 I, Amsterdam: from <strong>29 July 1907</strong> to <strong>16 September 1907.</strong></li>\r\n\t<li>Mauritskade 69 I, Amsterdam: from <strong>16 September 1907</strong> to <strong>11 July 1908</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Commelinstraat 27 III, Amsterdam: from <strong>11 July 1908</strong> to <strong>5 November 1915</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Rapenburg 36 II, Amsterdam: from <strong>5 November 1915</strong> to <strong>20 May 1916</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Kattenburgerkade 49 III, Amsterdam: from <strong>20 May 1916</strong> to <strong>9 March 1923</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Marinierstraat 4 house, Amsterdam: from <strong>9 March 1923</strong> to <strong>21 July 1923.</strong></li>\r\n\t<li>At Mariniersstraat 6, Amsterdam, Kleiman's father had a blacksmith shop.<sup data-footnote-id=\"il5iv\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Rombout Hogerbeetsstraat 21 I, Amsterdam: From <strong>21 July 19</strong> 23 to <strong>2 July 1928</strong>. This was the first address after his marriage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1jw6k\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> The firm Michael Frank & Zonen was registered at this address from <strong>9 July 1925</strong> to <strong>17 July 1928</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"u57tj\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Frederik Hendrikstraat 24 III, Amsterdam: From <strong>2 July 1928</strong> to <strong>6 March 1929</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1jw6k\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> The firm Michael Frank & Zonen was registered at this address from <strong>17 July 1928</strong> to <strong>1 January 1929</strong> (the date of dissolution).<sup data-footnote-id=\"u57tj\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Thomsonlaan 25, Haarlem: From <strong>6 March 1929</strong> to <strong>29 April 1933</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1jw6k\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> The Commercial Register of the Centrale Maatschappij shows that this was Kleiman's only Haarlem address.</li>\r\n\t<li>General Vetterstraat 40 boven, Amsterdam: from <strong>29 April 1933</strong> to <strong>24 September 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y0kti\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> In <strong>1937</strong>, N.V. Paauwe's Volautomatische Kalenderuurwerken was also listed at this address.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3yuoi\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>General Vetterstraat 43 huis, Amsterdam: From <strong>24 September 1940</strong> to <strong>7 June 19</strong> 43.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y0kti\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> From its establishment on <strong>1 June 1941</strong> until the move, Handelsonderneming Gebroeders Kleiman had its registered office there.<sup data-footnote-id=\"74vqc\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Wielingenstraat 12 II, Amsterdam: from <strong>7 June 1943</strong> to <strong>13 October 1949</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4kkhf\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> This address also housed Handelsonderneming Gebroeders Kleiman during that period.<sup data-footnote-id=\"74vqc\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Before that, the Jewish couple Salomone and Rebecca Loeté-Rabbie lived there.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sd6eh\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Biesboschstraat 37 I, Amsterdam: From <strong>13 October 1949</strong> until his death.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8gpa7\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> He lived here above Gerrit de Kleijn, whom he employed in the Opekta-Pectacon warehouse.<sup data-footnote-id=\"d2ne7\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> From <strong>23 December 1949</strong> until its closure on <strong>31 December 1949</strong>, Handelsonderneming Gebroeders Kleiman was located there.<sup data-footnote-id=\"74vqc\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"azj0i\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Adresboek voor Nijmegen en het Schependom</em>, Ubbergen en Beek 1898, p. 121.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6bu8h\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Adresboek voor Nijmegen en het Schependom</em>, Ubbergen en Beek 1899, p. 128; 1901, p. 130; 1902, p. 137; 1903, p. 138. Dit betreft misschien een vernummering, maar dat is op dit moment niet bekend.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"il5iv\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Noord-Hollands Archief (NHA), Haarlem, Handelsregister Kamer van Koophandel Amsterdam, inv. nr. 97, dossier 12674. Op Beeldbankfoto 010009004826 van het Stadsarchief Amsterdam zijn de panden Mariniersstraat 4 en 6 te zien.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1jw6k\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5421): Gezinskaart Johannes Kleiman.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"u57tj\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, Archief Anne Frank 212c-6a: Kopie Handelsregisterdossier 19006.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y0kti\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Johanna Catharina Reuman.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3yuoi\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Volgens een e-mail van Willem van der Krogt, 20 augustus 2009, stond dat in het klokkenmakersvakblad <em>Christiaan Huygens</em> van 29 mei 1937.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"74vqc\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>NHA, Handelsregister Kamer van Koophandel Amsterdam, inv. nr. 448-1148, dossier 56003.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4kkhf\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Johanna Catharina Reuman..Op de kaart van Kleiman ontbreekt gedetailleerde informatie over de oudere adressen.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sd6eh\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Joods Monument: <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/66537/residency-of-salomon-loete-and-his-family\" target=\"_blank\">Verblijf van Gezin Salomon Loeté</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8gpa7\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Johannes Kleiman.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"d2ne7\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief, Kwakernaak, Jeanne: Interview met Jeanne Kwakernaak, 15 december 2000. De Kleijn staat op de foto van Prinsengracht 263 die in het Anne Frank Huis hangt.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1904-05-27",
"date_end": "1959-01-28",
"summary": "Johannes Kleiman lived in Amsterdam almost all his life.",
"summary_nl": "Johannes Kleiman heeft bijna zijn hele leven in Amsterdam gewoond.",
"summary_en": "Johannes Kleiman lived in Amsterdam almost all his life.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
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"subjects": [
{
"id": 396124556,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645",
"name": "Accommodation",
"name_nl": "Verblijf",
"name_en": "Accommodation",
"description": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"description_nl": "<p>Onder verblijf wordt verstaan een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.</p>",
"description_en": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"summary": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"summary_nl": "Verblijf is een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.",
"summary_en": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"same_as": null,
"parent": 396124413,
"files": []
}
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/locaties/a7bd22a6-e3e0-45e6-9bef-449b9894f0db/",
"published": true,
"name": "Home of Johannes Kleiman",
"name_nl": "Woning Johannes Kleiman",
"name_en": "Home of Johannes Kleiman",
"uuid": "a7bd22a6-e3e0-45e6-9bef-449b9894f0db",
"content": "<p> </p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"content_nl": "<p> </p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"content_en": "<p> </p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (4.847492 52.344945)",
"summary": "Jo Kleiman lived at General Vetterstraat 40 upstairs from April 29, 1933 to September 24, 1940 and at number 43 upstairs from September 24, 1940 to June 7, 1943. Both addresses no longer exist today.",
"summary_nl": "Jo Kleiman woonde van 29 april 1933 tot 24 september 1940 op Generaal Vetterstraat 40 boven en van 24 september 1940 tot 7 juni 1943 op nummer 43 boven. Beide adressen bestaan heden niet meer.",
"summary_en": "Jo Kleiman lived at General Vetterstraat 40 upstairs from April 29, 1933 to September 24, 1940 and at number 43 upstairs from September 24, 1940 to June 7, 1943. Both addresses no longer exist today.",
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"street": "Generaal Vetterstraat",
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"city": "Amsterdam",
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"name": "Wedding-day of Johan Voskuijl and Christina Sodenkamp",
"name_nl": "Trouwdag Johan Voskuijl en Christina Sodenkamp",
"name_en": "Wedding-day of Johan Voskuijl and Christina Sodenkamp",
"content": "<p>Johan Voskuijl and Christina Sodenkamp were married on <strong>20 February 1919</strong> in Amsterdam. The parents agreed to the marriage and the witnesses were two brothers-in-law.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ipbbx\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Their first child was born four and a half months later. Eventually they had eight children, all but one born in Amsterdam. The dates of birth of the youngest are not given for reasons of privacy.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Elisabeth, <strong>5 July 1919</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Johanna Christina, <strong>27 July 1920</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Wilhelmina Hendrika, <strong>6 May 1922</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Hendrika Petronella, <strong>4 July 1923</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Cornelia Margaretha, <strong>26 August 1924</strong> in Hilversum.</li>\r\n\t<li>Johannes Hendrik, <strong>22 February 1928</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Gerda.</li>\r\n\t<li>Dina.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wzmk4\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>The marriage was dissolved by Johan's death on <strong>27 November 1945</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"c8vp4\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ipbbx\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 5127: Register van huwelijksakten 1919, deel 10-4a, 21f, akte 130.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wzmk4\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.H. Voskuijl (1892).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c8vp4\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart C. Sodenkamp (1899).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Johan Voskuijl en Christina Sodenkamp trouwden op <strong>20 februari 1919 </strong>in Amsterdam. De ouders stemden met het huwelijk in en twee zwagers traden op als getuigen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ipbbx\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Hun eerste kind werd viereneenhalve maand later geboren. Uiteindelijk kwamen er acht kinderen, op één na allen in Amsterdam geboren. Van de jongsten zijn de geboortedata om privacyredenen niet vermeld.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Elisabeth {Bep}, <strong>5 juli 1919</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Johanna Christina, <strong>27 juli 1920</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Wilhelmina Hendrika, <strong>6 mei 1922</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Hendrika Petronella, <strong>4 juli 1923</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Cornelia Margaretha, <strong>26 augustus 1924</strong> in Hilversum.</li>\r\n\t<li>Johannes Hendrik, <strong>22 februari 1928</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Gerda.</li>\r\n\t<li>Dina.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wzmk4\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Het huwelijk werd door Johans overlijden op <strong>27 november 1945 </strong>ontbonden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"c8vp4\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ipbbx\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 5127: Register van huwelijksakten 1919, deel 10-4a, 21f, akte 130.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wzmk4\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.H. Voskuijl (1892).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c8vp4\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart C. Sodenkamp (1899).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Johan Voskuijl and Christina Sodenkamp were married on <strong>20 February 1919</strong> in Amsterdam. The parents agreed to the marriage and the witnesses were two brothers-in-law.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ipbbx\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Their first child was born four and a half months later. Eventually they had eight children, all but one born in Amsterdam. The dates of birth of the youngest are not given for reasons of privacy.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Elisabeth, <strong>5 July 1919</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Johanna Christina, <strong>27 July 1920</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Wilhelmina Hendrika, <strong>6 May 1922</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Hendrika Petronella, <strong>4 July 1923</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Cornelia Margaretha, <strong>26 August 1924</strong> in Hilversum.</li>\r\n\t<li>Johannes Hendrik, <strong>22 February 1928</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Gerda.</li>\r\n\t<li>Dina.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wzmk4\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>The marriage was dissolved by Johan's death on <strong>27 November 1945</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"c8vp4\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ipbbx\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 5127: Register van huwelijksakten 1919, deel 10-4a, 21f, akte 130.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wzmk4\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.H. Voskuijl (1892).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c8vp4\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart C. Sodenkamp (1899).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": "1919-02-20",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "Johan Voskuijl and Christina Sodenkamp were married on 20 February 1919 in Amsterdam.",
"summary_nl": "Johan Voskuijl en Christina Sodenkamp trouwden op 20 februari 1919 in Amsterdam.",
"summary_en": "Johan Voskuijl and Christina Sodenkamp were married on 20 February 1919 in Amsterdam.",
"same_as": null,
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{
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"name": "Wedding-day of Johannes Kleiman and Johanna Reuman",
"name_nl": "Trouwdag Johannes Kleiman en Johanna Reuman",
"name_en": "Wedding-day of Johannes Kleiman and Johanna Reuman",
"content": "<p>The wedding of Johannes Kleiman and Johanna Catharina Reuman took place on <strong>12 July 1923</strong> in Amsterdam. Johannes' brother Cornelis and a brother of Johanna were witnesses..<sup data-footnote-id=\"39rc6\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> The couple had a daughter named Johanna.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>The family, consisting of Johannes (Jo), wife Johanna (Jo and later Joke) and daughter Johanna (Jopie, Jo), were also known as: 'Jo, Jo and Jo'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hhjfk\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nThe marriage ended on <strong>28 January 1959</strong> with the death of Johannes Kleiman.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gd1jh\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"39rc6\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 5462: register van huwelijksakten 1923, deel 36-6d, 50v, akte 485.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hhjfk\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief, Roozendaal: Telefoongesprek Gertjan Broek met Fried Roozendaal, 15 december 2008.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gd1jh\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Johanna Catharina Reuman.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>De trouwdag van Johannes Kleiman en Johanna Catharina Reuman vond plaats op <strong>12 juli 1923</strong> in Amsterdam. Johannes' broer Cornelis en een broer van Johanna waren getuigen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"39rc6\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Het echtpaar kreeg een dochter, genaamd Johanna. Het gezin, bestaande uit Johannes (Jo), echtgenote Johanna (Jo en later Joke) en dochter Johanna (Jopie, Jo), stond ook wel bekend als: <em>Jo, Jo en Jo</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hhjfk\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Het huwelijk werd door het overlijden van Johannes Kleiman op <strong>28 januari 1959</strong> ontbonden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gd1jh\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"39rc6\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 5462: register van huwelijksakten 1923, deel 36-6d, 50v, akte 485.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hhjfk\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief, Roozendaal: Telefoongesprek Gertjan Broek met Fried Roozendaal, 15 december 2008.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gd1jh\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Johanna Catharina Reuman.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>The wedding of Johannes Kleiman and Johanna Catharina Reuman took place on <strong>12 July 1923</strong> in Amsterdam. Johannes' brother Cornelis and a brother of Johanna were witnesses..<sup data-footnote-id=\"39rc6\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> The couple had a daughter named Johanna.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>The family, consisting of Johannes (Jo), wife Johanna (Jo and later Joke) and daughter Johanna (Jopie, Jo), were also known as: 'Jo, Jo and Jo'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hhjfk\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nThe marriage ended on <strong>28 January 1959</strong> with the death of Johannes Kleiman.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gd1jh\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"39rc6\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 5462: register van huwelijksakten 1923, deel 36-6d, 50v, akte 485.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hhjfk\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief, Roozendaal: Telefoongesprek Gertjan Broek met Fried Roozendaal, 15 december 2008.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gd1jh\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Johanna Catharina Reuman.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": "1923-07-12",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "Johannes Kleiman and Johanna Catharina Reuman were married on 12 July 1923 in Amsterdam.",
"summary_nl": "Johannes Kleiman en Johanna Catharina Reuman trouwden op 12 juli 1923 in Amsterdam.",
"summary_en": "Johannes Kleiman and Johanna Catharina Reuman were married on 12 July 1923 in Amsterdam.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 239,
"main_image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/d8510570-4cf8-4bd9-9c2e-8c7eb0164885/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/3547c8d9-12e3-4063-bcbc-fa0e8b8a674a",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/a3b1451d-85af-47a9-8f68-ce1b2049d192"
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"persons": [
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"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/40813101-765f-4ffd-9e53-e92c331ac737",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/4027ba4e-edb8-4dcd-ba79-8ab04dd8de95"
],
"location": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/4265a185-f892-4973-98e7-b47650f75901",
"published": true,
"uuid": "d8510570-4cf8-4bd9-9c2e-8c7eb0164885",
"name": "Wedding-day of Jan Gies and Maria Netten",
"name_nl": "Trouwdag Jan Gies en Maria Netten",
"name_en": "Wedding-day of Jan Gies and Maria Netten",
"content": "<p>The wedding of Jan Gies and Maria Margaretha Geertruida Netten took place on<em> </em><strong>13 December 1928</strong> in Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yfnnn\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> The marriage was made possible through the intervention of the Cantonal Judge. Jan's brother-in-law J.H.A. van Steenvelt was a witness, together with the fiancé of a sister of the bride.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yfnnn\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Jan, in turn, was a witness at the marriage of the latter in <strong>1931</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2arpz\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The marriage remained childless and was dissolved on <strong>7 November 1940</strong> by divorce. They had no longer been registered at the same address since <strong>14 January 1936</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qt8xd\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yfnnn\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a> </sup><cite><em> </em>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 5852: register van huwelijksakten 1928, deel 55-3g, 44v, akte 769.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8f8sh\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Burgerlijke Stand, inv. nr. 5852: akte 769. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qt8xd\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaarten J.A. Gies en M.M.G. Netten.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>De trouwdag van Jan Gies en Maria Margaretha Geertruida Netten vond plaats op<em> </em><strong>13 december 1928</strong> in Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yfnnn\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Het huwelijk was mogelijk door tussenkomst van de kantonrechter. Jans zwager J.H.A. van Steenvelt was getuige, samen met de verloofde van een zus van de bruid.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yfnnn\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Bij het huwelijk van de laatsten in <strong>1931</strong> was Jan op zijn beurt getuige.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2arpz\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Het huwelijk bleef kinderloos en werd op <strong>7 november 1940</strong> door scheiding ontbonden. Sinds <strong>14 januari 1936</strong> stonden zij al niet meer op hetzelfde adres ingeschreven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qt8xd\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yfnnn\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a> </sup><cite><em> </em>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 5852: Register van huwelijksakten 1928, deel 55-3g, 44v, akte 769.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2arpz\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Burgerlijke Stand, inv. nr. 6058: Register van huwelijksakten 1931, deel 35-3d, 22f, akte 430.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qt8xd\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaarten J.A. Gies en M.M.G. Netten.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>The wedding of Jan Gies and Maria Margaretha Geertruida Netten took place on<em> </em><strong>13 December 1928</strong> in Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yfnnn\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> The marriage was made possible through the intervention of the Cantonal Judge. Jan's brother-in-law J.H.A. van Steenvelt was a witness, together with the fiancé of a sister of the bride.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yfnnn\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Jan, in turn, was a witness at the marriage of the latter in <strong>1931</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2arpz\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The marriage remained childless and was dissolved on <strong>7 November 1940</strong> by divorce. They had no longer been registered at the same address since <strong>14 January 1936</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qt8xd\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yfnnn\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a> </sup><cite><em> </em>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 5852: register van huwelijksakten 1928, deel 55-3g, 44v, akte 769.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8f8sh\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Burgerlijke Stand, inv. nr. 5852: akte 769. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qt8xd\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaarten J.A. Gies en M.M.G. Netten.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": "1928-12-13",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "Jan Gies and Maria Netten married on 13 December 1928 in Amsterdam.",
"summary_nl": "Jan Gies en Maria Netten trouwden op 13 december 1928 in Amsterdam.",
"summary_en": "Jan Gies and Maria Netten married on 13 December 1928 in Amsterdam.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 230,
"main_image": {
"id": 909,
"uuid": "308c2bb2-80f0-4d0f-aaa3-6ddd23db8f93",
"name": "3007",
"title": "Miep en Jan Gies en hun gasten op hun huwelijksdag, voor Prinsengracht 263, 16 juli 1941.",
"alt": "Onbekend. Fotocollectie: Anne Frank Stichting Amsterdam",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/3007_Huwelijksdag_Miep_groepsfoto_buiten.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "Miep en Jan Gies en hun gasten op hun huwelijksdag, voor Prinsengracht 263, 16 juli 1941",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek.",
"copyright": "Status onduidelijk"
},
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/1afcf3ea-95ab-4128-86c5-eaa35e2b8b23/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/3547c8d9-12e3-4063-bcbc-fa0e8b8a674a",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/a3b1451d-85af-47a9-8f68-ce1b2049d192"
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"persons": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/960fd1b1-4b84-4e4b-9eac-145c17dbf2b2",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/f2004ab1-f62f-43c5-9864-18eea838d81e",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/f28309bf-8611-4332-aef1-3114364250f9",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/5ca6071b-3f13-4d9e-91e7-182bcd994e2f"
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"location": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/4265a185-f892-4973-98e7-b47650f75901",
"published": true,
"uuid": "1afcf3ea-95ab-4128-86c5-eaa35e2b8b23",
"name": "Wedding-day of Jan Gies and Miep Santrouschitz",
"name_nl": "Trouwdag Jan Gies en Miep Santrouschitz",
"name_en": "Wedding-day of Jan Gies and Miep Santrouschitz",
"content": "<p>The wedding of Jan Gies and Miep Santrouschitz took place on <strong>16 July 1941</strong>. Jan's previous marriage had been dissolved by divorce on <strong>7 November 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r43eh\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Miep's foster father Laurens Nieuwenburg and Otto Frank serves as witnesses.<sup data-footnote-id=\"amzfd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Surviving wedding photographs show the following guests: Laurens and Anna Nieuwenburg, their granddaughter Irene, Otto Frank, Anne Frank, Bep Voskuijl and Esther Troeder.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pl4fg\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Another photo shows Hermann and Auguste van Pels, Victor Kugler and two other unidentifed people.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gy62t\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Two photographs were also taken in and in front of the Opekta building on Prinsengracht. These show Jan and Miep Gies, Otto Frank, Anne Frank, Hermann van Pels, Bep Voskuijl and an unidentified man and woman.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1tb7p\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Miep describes in her <em>Herinneringen</em> how much trouble it took her to obtain a birth certificate from Vienna.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ai19i\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> A copy of her 'Geburts- und Tauf-Schein' was issued on <strong>29 January 1941</strong>; an extract of the <strong>1909 </strong>official confirmation of paternity by Eipeldauer was issued on <strong>2 May 1941</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qs2wx\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> In the two years preceding the marriage, the birth and baptism certificates of Miep's mother (extract <strong>29 November 1940</strong>), grandfather (extract <strong>17 February 1939</strong>) and grandmother (extract <strong>23 February 1939</strong>) were also issued. The latter extract is stamped 'Gültig nur zum Nachweise der arischen Abstammung'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"baudf\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> These documents were most likely issued in view of the intended marriage.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In an interview, Miep says that the sausage for the wedding party was arranged by Daatzelaar, representative of Gies & Co. and later voucher supplier of the Secret Annex.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ar35w\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nTo mark their one-year wedding anniversary on <strong>18 July 1942</strong>, a dinner was organised in the Secret Annex. The menu has been preserved:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>Offered by "THE SECRET ANNEX" on the occasion<br />\r\nof the one-year anniversary of the marriage of<br />\r\nthe esteemed Mr and Mrs GIES.<br />\r\n<br />\r\nB o u i l l o n<br />\r\na la Hunzestraat<br />\r\n<br />\r\nRoast beef SCHOLTE<br />\r\nSalade Richelieu<br />\r\nSalade Hollandaise<br />\r\n1 Pomme de terre<br />\r\n<br />\r\nSAUCE DE BOEUF<br />\r\nvery minimal use please in connection<br />\r\nWith reduction in butter ration.<br />\r\n<br />\r\nRIZ a la Trautsmandorff<br />\r\n(Surrogate)<br />\r\nSugar, Cinnamon, Raspberry juice<br />\r\n<br />\r\nCO F F E E with sugar, cream<br />\r\nand various surprises. <sup data-footnote-id=\"zhs04\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>They had a son Paul, and the marriage ended with Jan's death in <strong>1993 </strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r43eh\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"amzfd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Archief van de Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 6677: Register van huwelijksakten 1941, deel 22, 17v, akte 33</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pl4fg\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_III_038.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gy62t\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_III_036. Meer foto's van het huwelijk zijn te vinden onder reg. code: A_Gies_III_001 en A_Gies_III_005.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1tb7p\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS Digitale fotocollectie: Huwelijksdag Miep groepsfoto binnen.en groepsfoto buiten.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ai19i\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies en Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 69-71.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qs2wx\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_I_023: "Geburts- und Tauf-Schein", gedateerd 29 januari 1941; AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_I_027: Afschrift 2 mei 1941.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"baudf\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>(“Geburts- Und Taufscheine” Karoline Santrouschitz, Georg Santrouschitz en Magdalena Lakner. Zie: AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_I_024, 025 en 026. Deze documenten zijn wellicht ten behoeve van de naturalisatieprocedure uit 1939.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ar35w\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Santrouschitz: Interview door Wouter van der Sluis en Janrense Boonstra, 1992, deel 3, p. 3.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zhs04\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_I_032: Menukaart met het menu van het diner in het Achterhuis, 18 juli 1942.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Het huwelijk tussen Jan Gies en Miep Santrouschitz vond plaats op <strong>16 juli 1941</strong>. Jans eerdere huwelijke was door scheiding ontbonden op <strong>7 november 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r43eh\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Getuigen waren Miep haar pleegvader Laurens Nieuwenburg en Otto Frank.<sup data-footnote-id=\"amzfd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op overgeleverde trouwfoto’s zijn de volgende gasten te zien: Laurens en Anna Nieuwenburg, hun kleindochter Irene, Otto Frank, Anne Frank, Bep Voskuijl en Esther Troeder.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pl4fg\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Op een andere foto staan Hermann en Auguste van Pels, Victor Kugler en twee onbekenden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gy62t\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Er zijn ook twee foto’s gemaakt in en voor het Opektagebouw op de Prinsengracht. Hierop staan Jan en Miep Gies, Otto Frank, Anne Frank, Hermann van Pels, Bep Voskuijl en een onbekende man en vrouw.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7wrfy\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Miep beschreef in haar <em>Herinneringen</em> hoeveel moeite het haar kostte om een geboortebewijs uit Wenen te krijgen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ai19i\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Een afschrift van haar <em>Geburts- und Tauf-Schein</em> werd op <strong>29 januari 1941 </strong>afgegeven; een afschrift van de officiële bevestiging van het vaderschap door Eipeldauer uit <strong>1909 </strong>werd afgegeven op <strong>2 mei 1941</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qs2wx\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> In de twee jaar voorafgaand aan het huwelijk werden ook de geboorte- en doopbewijzen van Mieps moeder (afschrift <strong>29 november 1940</strong>), grootvader (afschrift <strong>17 februari 1939</strong>) en grootmoeder (afschrift <strong>23 februari 1939</strong>) afgegeven. Op het laatste afschrift stond gestempeld: '<em>Gültig nur zum Nachweise der arischen Abstammung</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"baudf\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Deze documenten waren zeer waarschijnlijk met het oog op het voorgenomen huwelijk verstrekt.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In een interview vertelde Miep dat de worst voor op het bruiloftsfeest was geregeld door Daatzelaar, vertegenwoordiger van Gies & Co. en later bonnenleverancier van het Achterhuis.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ar35w\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ter gelegenheid van hun éénjarige huwelijk op 18 juli 1942 werd er een etentje georganiseerd in het Achterhuis. Het menukaartje is bewaard gebleven:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>angeboden door "HET ACHTERHUIS" ter gelegenheid<br />\r\nvan het eenjarig bestaan van het huwelijk van<br />\r\nden Weled. heer en Mevrouw GIES.<br />\r\n<br />\r\nB o u i l l o n<br />\r\na la Hunzestraat<br />\r\n<br />\r\nRoastbeef SCHOLTE<br />\r\nSalade Richelieu<br />\r\nSalade Hollandaise<br />\r\n1 Pomme de terre<br />\r\n<br />\r\nSAUCE DE BOEUF (JUS)<br />\r\nzeer miniem gebruiken svp. in verband<br />\r\nmet verlaging v.h.boterrantsoen.<br />\r\n<br />\r\nRIZ a la Trautsmandorff<br />\r\n(Surrogaat)<br />\r\nSuiker, Kaneel, Frambozensap<br />\r\n<br />\r\nKO F F I E met suiker, room<br />\r\nen div. verrassingen. <sup data-footnote-id=\"zhs04\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>Ze kregen een zoon, genaamd Paul. Het huwelijk werd door het overlijden van Jan in <strong>1993 </strong>ontbonden.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r43eh\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"amzfd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Archief van de Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 6677: Register van huwelijksakten 1941, deel 22, 17v, akte 33</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pl4fg\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_III_038.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gy62t\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_III_036. Meer foto's van het huwelijk zijn te vinden onder reg. code: A_Gies_III_001 en A_Gies_III_005.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7wrfy\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS Digitale fotocollectie: Huwelijksdag Miep groepsfoto binnen.en groepsfoto buiten.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ai19i\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 69-71.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qs2wx\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_I_023: "Geburts- und Tauf-Schein", gedateerd 29 januari 1941; AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_I_027: Afschrift 2 mei 1941.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"baudf\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>“Geburts- Und Taufscheine” Karoline Santrouschitz, Georg Santrouschitz en Magdalena Lakner. Zie: AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_I_024, 025 en 026. Deze documenten dienden wellicht ten behoeve van de naturalisatieprocedure uit 1939.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ar35w\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Santrouschitz: Interview door Wouter van der Sluis en Janrense Boonstra, 1992, deel 3, p. 3.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zhs04\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_I_032: Menukaart met het menu van het diner in het Achterhuis, 18 juli 1942.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>The wedding of Jan Gies and Miep Santrouschitz took place on <strong>16 July 1941</strong>. Jan's previous marriage had been dissolved by divorce on <strong>7 November 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r43eh\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Miep's foster father Laurens Nieuwenburg and Otto Frank serves as witnesses.<sup data-footnote-id=\"amzfd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Surviving wedding photographs show the following guests: Laurens and Anna Nieuwenburg, their granddaughter Irene, Otto Frank, Anne Frank, Bep Voskuijl and Esther Troeder.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pl4fg\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Another photo shows Hermann and Auguste van Pels, Victor Kugler and two other unidentifed people.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gy62t\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Two photographs were also taken in and in front of the Opekta building on Prinsengracht. These show Jan and Miep Gies, Otto Frank, Anne Frank, Hermann van Pels, Bep Voskuijl and an unidentified man and woman.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1tb7p\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Miep describes in her <em>Herinneringen</em> how much trouble it took her to obtain a birth certificate from Vienna.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ai19i\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> A copy of her 'Geburts- und Tauf-Schein' was issued on <strong>29 January 1941</strong>; an extract of the <strong>1909 </strong>official confirmation of paternity by Eipeldauer was issued on <strong>2 May 1941</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qs2wx\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> In the two years preceding the marriage, the birth and baptism certificates of Miep's mother (extract <strong>29 November 1940</strong>), grandfather (extract <strong>17 February 1939</strong>) and grandmother (extract <strong>23 February 1939</strong>) were also issued. The latter extract is stamped 'Gültig nur zum Nachweise der arischen Abstammung'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"baudf\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> These documents were most likely issued in view of the intended marriage.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In an interview, Miep says that the sausage for the wedding party was arranged by Daatzelaar, representative of Gies & Co. and later voucher supplier of the Secret Annex.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ar35w\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nTo mark their one-year wedding anniversary on <strong>18 July 1942</strong>, a dinner was organised in the Secret Annex. The menu has been preserved:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>Offered by "THE SECRET ANNEX" on the occasion<br />\r\nof the one-year anniversary of the marriage of<br />\r\nthe esteemed Mr and Mrs GIES.<br />\r\n<br />\r\nB o u i l l o n<br />\r\na la Hunzestraat<br />\r\n<br />\r\nRoast beef SCHOLTE<br />\r\nSalade Richelieu<br />\r\nSalade Hollandaise<br />\r\n1 Pomme de terre<br />\r\n<br />\r\nSAUCE DE BOEUF<br />\r\nvery minimal use please in connection<br />\r\nWith reduction in butter ration.<br />\r\n<br />\r\nRIZ a la Trautsmandorff<br />\r\n(Surrogate)<br />\r\nSugar, Cinnamon, Raspberry juice<br />\r\n<br />\r\nCO F F E E with sugar, cream<br />\r\nand various surprises. <sup data-footnote-id=\"zhs04\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>They had a son Paul, and the marriage ended with Jan's death in <strong>1993 </strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r43eh\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"amzfd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Archief van de Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 6677: Register van huwelijksakten 1941, deel 22, 17v, akte 33</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pl4fg\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_III_038.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gy62t\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_III_036. Meer foto's van het huwelijk zijn te vinden onder reg. code: A_Gies_III_001 en A_Gies_III_005.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1tb7p\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS Digitale fotocollectie: Huwelijksdag Miep groepsfoto binnen.en groepsfoto buiten.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ai19i\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies en Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 69-71.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qs2wx\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_I_023: "Geburts- und Tauf-Schein", gedateerd 29 januari 1941; AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_I_027: Afschrift 2 mei 1941.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"baudf\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>(“Geburts- Und Taufscheine” Karoline Santrouschitz, Georg Santrouschitz en Magdalena Lakner. Zie: AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_I_024, 025 en 026. Deze documenten zijn wellicht ten behoeve van de naturalisatieprocedure uit 1939.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ar35w\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Santrouschitz: Interview door Wouter van der Sluis en Janrense Boonstra, 1992, deel 3, p. 3.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zhs04\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_I_032: Menukaart met het menu van het diner in het Achterhuis, 18 juli 1942.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": "1941-07-16",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "Jan Gies and Miep Santrouschitz married on 16 July 1941 in Amsterdam.",
"summary_nl": "Jan Gies en Miep Santrouschitz trouwden op 16 juli 1941 te Amsterdam.",
"summary_en": "Jan Gies and Miep Santrouschitz married on 16 July 1941 in Amsterdam.",
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{
"id": 278,
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/53118597-413f-442f-a060-98397d8c8119/",
"subjects": [
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"persons": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/780d0c9f-f8fa-4ab1-89a0-515fd117716c",
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"published": true,
"uuid": "53118597-413f-442f-a060-98397d8c8119",
"name": "Fritz Pfeffer is a witness at a wedding",
"name_nl": "Fritz Pfeffer getuige bij huwelijk",
"name_en": "Fritz Pfeffer is a witness at a wedding",
"content": "<p>In <strong>July 1942</strong>, Rosel Goldschmidt and Paul Wronker, a former housekeeper and a former tenant of the Frank family, got married. Fritz Pfeffer, who had not yet gone into hiding at that time, was a witness at the wedding.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f7pn8\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f7pn8\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Burgerlijke Stand, toegang 5009, inv. nr. 6753: huwelijksakten 1942, deel 45, 13f, akte 21.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>In <strong>juli 1942</strong> trouwden Rosel Goldschmidt en Paul Wronker, een voormalig huishoudster en een voormalig onderhuurder van de familie Frank. Fritz Pfeffer, op dat moment nog niet ondergedoken, was getuige bij het huwelijk.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f7pn8\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f7pn8\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Burgerlijke Stand, toegang 5009, inv. nr. 6753: huwelijksakten 1942, deel 45, 13f, akte 21.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>In <strong>July 1942</strong>, Rosel Goldschmidt and Paul Wronker, a former housekeeper and a former tenant of the Frank family, got married. Fritz Pfeffer, who had not yet gone into hiding at that time, was a witness at the wedding.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f7pn8\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f7pn8\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Burgerlijke Stand, toegang 5009, inv. nr. 6753: huwelijksakten 1942, deel 45, 13f, akte 21.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": "1942-07-22",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "",
"summary_nl": "",
"summary_en": "",
"same_as": null,
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{
"id": 236,
"main_image": {
"id": 1206,
"uuid": "ed94c397-1540-4194-b263-9878432c4e09",
"name": "A_Voskuijl_III_003",
"title": "Foto van de huwelijksdag van Bep Voskuijl en Cor van Wijk, Amsterdam, 15 mei 1946.",
"alt": "Fotobureau Actueel. Fotocollectie Anne Frank Stichting Amsterdam",
"url": "https://images.memorix.nl/anf/thumb/1920x1080/4a73d0ab-b5a7-1b03-ace7-00a11bd85c03.jpg",
"path": null,
"filetype": "image",
"description": "",
"author": "De collectie kan worden ingezet voor het publiek",
"copyright": "Publiek Domein"
},
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/e7af8db5-750c-4d29-b7bd-f04b9b57821b/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/3547c8d9-12e3-4063-bcbc-fa0e8b8a674a",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/a3b1451d-85af-47a9-8f68-ce1b2049d192"
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"persons": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/89e27821-d4c8-4fc1-a532-2fc9fcfd67b7",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/d4d2b97f-aa09-44d3-9392-8b18dc5457ad",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/50f32ea2-cb6b-415b-8aff-e39901c461e1",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/5ca6071b-3f13-4d9e-91e7-182bcd994e2f"
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"location": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/4265a185-f892-4973-98e7-b47650f75901",
"published": true,
"uuid": "e7af8db5-750c-4d29-b7bd-f04b9b57821b",
"name": "Wedding-day of Bep Voskuijl and Cor van Wijk",
"name_nl": "Trouwdag Bep Voskuijl en Cor van Wijk",
"name_en": "Wedding-day of Bep Voskuijl and Cor van Wijk",
"content": "<p>During the war years, Bep Voskuijl was engaged to A.J. (Bertus) Hulsman (1918). She then met Cor van Wijk. They married on <strong>15 May 1946</strong> at 2:40pm in Amsterdam. The witnesses were Otto Frank and Cornelis Groen, the husband of Bep's younger sister Johanna Voskuijl.<sup data-footnote-id=\"prnms\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Among the guests were also Charlotte Kaletta, Johanna and Jopie Kleiman, Miep and Jan Gies.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m098d\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Cor's family were not present on this day. They objected to the wedding because Bep was Dutch Reformed and the Van Wijk family were Roman Catholic. When Bep promised to send the children to catechism and to Catholic schools, eight years later a church blessing was held <sup data-footnote-id=\"fuead\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> on <strong>26 May 1954</strong> in the Church of the Holy Martyrs of Gorcum, Linnaeushof 95 in Watergraafsmeer, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"prnms\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank sent a letter to Bep and Cor van Wijk on <strong>13 May 1971</strong> that he could not attend the silver wedding anniversary due to health reasons.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ta3za\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Otto and Fritzi Frank sent them a telegram congratulating them on this anniversary on <strong>15 May 1971</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ny0pz\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"prnms\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>De huwelijksakte is ingeschreven in register 29, folio 19. Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Voskuijl_I_004: Familiestamboek van Cornelis van Wijk en Elisabeth Voskuijl, 15 mei 1946.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"m098d\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Voskuijl_III_001 t/m 004, 012, 013, 026: Foto’s van bruidspaar en gasten.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fuead\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Mededeling Joop van Wijk, 23 augustus 2010.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ta3za\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Voskuijl: Otto Frank aan Bep en Cor van Wijk, 13 mei 1971 (kopie).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ny0pz\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Voskuijl: Telegram 15 mei 1971 (kopie).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>In de oorlogsjaren was Bep Voskuijl verloofd met A.J. (Bertus) Hulsman (1918). Daarna ontmoette zij Cor van Wijk. Zij trouwden op <strong>15 mei 1946</strong> om 14.40 uur in Amsterdam. De getuigen waren Otto Frank en Cornelis Groen, de echtgenoot van Beps jongere zus Johanna Voskuijl.<sup data-footnote-id=\"prnms\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Verder waren onder de gasten ook Charlotte Kaletta, Johanna en Jopie Kleiman, Miep en Jan Gies.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m098d\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Cors familie was niet aanwezig op deze dag. Zij hadden bezwaren tegen het huwelijk omdat Bep Nederlands-Hervormd was en de familie Van Wijk Rooms-Katholiek. Toen Bep beloofde de kinderen naar catechisatie en katholieke scholen te sturen, vond er acht jaar later toch ook nog een kerkelijke inzegening plaats<sup data-footnote-id=\"fuead\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> op <strong>26 mei 1954</strong> in de kerk van de H.H. Martelaren van Gorcum, Linnaeushof 95 in de Watergraafsmeer, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"prnms\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank stuurde op <strong>13 mei 1971</strong> een brief aan Bep en Cor van Wijk dat hij wegens gezondheidsredenen niet bij het zilveren huwelijksfeest aanwezig kon zijn.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ta3za\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Ter gelegenheid van de zilveren bruiloft stuurden Otto en Fritzi Frank op <strong>15 mei 1971</strong> een telegram aan hen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ny0pz\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"prnms\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>De huwelijksakte is ingeschreven in register 29, folio 19. Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Voskuijl_I_004: Familiestamboek van Cornelis van Wijk en Elisabeth Voskuijl, 15 mei 1946.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"m098d\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Voskuijl_III_001 t/m 004, 012, 013, 026: Foto’s van bruidspaar en gasten.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fuead\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Mededeling Joop van Wijk, 23 augustus 2010.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ta3za\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Voskuijl: Otto Frank aan Bep en Cor van Wijk, 13 mei 1971 (kopie).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ny0pz\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Voskuijl: Telegram 15 mei 1971 (kopie).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>During the war years, Bep Voskuijl was engaged to A.J. (Bertus) Hulsman (1918). She then met Cor van Wijk. They married on <strong>15 May 1946</strong> at 2:40pm in Amsterdam. The witnesses were Otto Frank and Cornelis Groen, the husband of Bep's younger sister Johanna Voskuijl.<sup data-footnote-id=\"prnms\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Among the guests were also Charlotte Kaletta, Johanna and Jopie Kleiman, Miep and Jan Gies.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m098d\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Cor's family were not present on this day. They objected to the wedding because Bep was Dutch Reformed and the Van Wijk family were Roman Catholic. When Bep promised to send the children to catechism and to Catholic schools, eight years later a church blessing was held <sup data-footnote-id=\"fuead\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> on <strong>26 May 1954</strong> in the Church of the Holy Martyrs of Gorcum, Linnaeushof 95 in Watergraafsmeer, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"prnms\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank sent a letter to Bep and Cor van Wijk on <strong>13 May 1971</strong> that he could not attend the silver wedding anniversary due to health reasons.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ta3za\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Otto and Fritzi Frank sent them a telegram congratulating them on this anniversary on <strong>15 May 1971</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ny0pz\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"prnms\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>De huwelijksakte is ingeschreven in register 29, folio 19. Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Voskuijl_I_004: Familiestamboek van Cornelis van Wijk en Elisabeth Voskuijl, 15 mei 1946.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"m098d\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Voskuijl_III_001 t/m 004, 012, 013, 026: Foto’s van bruidspaar en gasten.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fuead\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Mededeling Joop van Wijk, 23 augustus 2010.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ta3za\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Voskuijl: Otto Frank aan Bep en Cor van Wijk, 13 mei 1971 (kopie).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ny0pz\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Voskuijl: Telegram 15 mei 1971 (kopie).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": "1946-05-15",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "Bep Voskuijl and Cor van Wijk married on 15 May 1946.",
"summary_nl": "Bep Voskuijl en Cor van Wijk trouwden op 15 mei 1946.",
"summary_en": "Bep Voskuijl and Cor van Wijk married on 15 May 1946.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 234,
"main_image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/7a8d4735-9369-49ee-af86-7f33d76e9822/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/3547c8d9-12e3-4063-bcbc-fa0e8b8a674a",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/a3b1451d-85af-47a9-8f68-ce1b2049d192"
],
"persons": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/eee82427-a974-49e7-adfa-5e90a69632b6",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/94d0786c-04e7-4095-ba04-876b8544e1b2"
],
"location": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/4265a185-f892-4973-98e7-b47650f75901",
"published": true,
"uuid": "7a8d4735-9369-49ee-af86-7f33d76e9822",
"name": "Wedding-day of Victor Kugler and Lysia van Langen",
"name_nl": "Trouwdag Victor Kugler en Lysia van Langen",
"name_en": "Wedding-day of Victor Kugler and Lysia van Langen",
"content": "<p>The wedding of Victor Kugler and Lysia Sophia Maria (Loes) van Langen took place on <strong>22 October 1953</strong> in Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1flbn\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Otto Frank noted this day in his diary as follows: <em>Kugler + Loes</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hybh5\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1flbn\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, toegangsnummer 30238: Archiefkaart E.M. Morriën (1901).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hybh5\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_010: Agenda Otto Frank 1953.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Het huwelijk tussen Victor Kugler en Lysia Sophia Maria (Loes) van Langen vond plaats op <strong>22 oktober 1953</strong> in Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1flbn\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Otto Frank noteerde deze dag in zijn agenda als volgt: <em>Kugler + Loes</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hybh5\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1flbn\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart E.M. Morriën (1901).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hybh5\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_010: Agenda Otto Frank 1953.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>The wedding of Victor Kugler and Lysia Sophia Maria (Loes) van Langen took place on <strong>22 October 1953</strong> in Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1flbn\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Otto Frank noted this day in his diary as follows: <em>Kugler + Loes</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hybh5\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1flbn\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, toegangsnummer 30238: Archiefkaart E.M. Morriën (1901).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hybh5\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_010: Agenda Otto Frank 1953.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": "1953-10-22",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "Victor Kugler and Lysia Sophia Maria (Loes) van Langen got married on 22 October 1953 in Amsterdam.",
"summary_nl": "Victor Kugler en Lysia Sophia Maria (Loes) van Langen trouwden op 22 oktober 1953 in Amsterdam.",
"summary_en": "Victor Kugler and Lysia Sophia Maria (Loes) van Langen got married on 22 October 1953 in Amsterdam.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 220,
"main_image": {
"id": 1191,
"uuid": "24ee80d7-acff-40f7-a1d5-ec4118150611",
"name": "A_OFrank_III_075",
"title": "Foto van Otto Frank en Fritzi Frank-Markovits voor het stadhuis op hun huwelijksdag, met Jan Gies, Johannes Kleiman, Johanna Kleiman-Reuman en Miep Gies, Amsterdam, 10 november 1953",
"alt": "Fotobureau Colson. Fotocollectie Anne Frank Stichting Amsterdam",
"url": "https://images.memorix.nl/anf/thumb/1920x1080/68ae4415-9e33-d855-e27b-9e3b3f97e0dd.jpg",
"path": null,
"filetype": "image",
"description": "",
"author": "De collectie kan worden ingezet voor het publiek",
"copyright": "Rechthebbende(n) onvindbaar"
},
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/d56447b3-9bf0-4874-bcf5-04521e31ce36/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/3547c8d9-12e3-4063-bcbc-fa0e8b8a674a",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/a3b1451d-85af-47a9-8f68-ce1b2049d192"
],
"persons": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/7ea5464e-0a3d-4617-9ad1-cbed5582c6c4",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/960fd1b1-4b84-4e4b-9eac-145c17dbf2b2",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/7b1f2828-0f9d-49a0-bf55-869b818e76ab",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/5ca6071b-3f13-4d9e-91e7-182bcd994e2f"
],
"location": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/4265a185-f892-4973-98e7-b47650f75901",
"published": true,
"uuid": "d56447b3-9bf0-4874-bcf5-04521e31ce36",
"name": "Wedding-day of Otto Frank and Fritzi Markovits",
"name_nl": "Trouwdag Otto Frank en Fritzi Markovits",
"name_en": "Wedding-day of Otto Frank and Fritzi Markovits",
"content": "<p>On <strong>10 November 1953</strong>, Otto Frank and Elfriede Edith ('Fritizi') Markovits got married in Amsterdam. It was the second marriage for both of them. The witnesses were Jo Kleiman and Miep Gies.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sv6ra\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Like Otto, Fritzi had lost her partner in a concentration camp.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>On the day of the wedding, they had a prenuptial agreement drawn up with notary Jacob van Hasselt. Both also made a will with him.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5jfjg\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Although Fritzi lived with her family opposite the Frank family on Merwedeplein from <strong>the beginning of 1940</strong>, she and Otto only got to know each other during the return journey from Auschwitz. According to Fritzi's daughter, Eva Geiringer-Schloss, she introduced her mother and Otto to one another during the train journey from Auschwitz to Odessa, somewhere near Czernowitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m9eeo\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> According to Fritzi herself, she met Otto during a layover near Lvov when Eva recognised Otto Frank as the father of Anne, with whom she had played on Merwedeplein.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3o80u\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Later, Fritzi recounted in her essay <em>Mein Leben mit Otto Frank</em> that Otto had already caught her eye at a 'commemoration of the revolution' organised by Soviet troops in newly liberated Auschwitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hd81k\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> According to Otto's 1945 notebook, this could then have been <strong>23/II (1945)</strong> <em>Tag der roten armee</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"lgt8l\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Back in Amsterdam, Otto went to see Fritzi because her name was on a survivors' list. He hoped she knew something about Margot and Anne. He did not remember the meeting next to the train.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m9eeo\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Correspondence between Otto and Fritzi in the <strong>autumn of 1952, </strong>when Otto spent extended time in the United States in connection with the stage adaptation of the diary, shows that their marriage was imminent.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t0mcj\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sv6ra\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gemeente Amsterdam, afdeling Burgerlijke Stand: huwelijksakte 149, 10 november 1953.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5jfjg\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De voorwaarden en de testamenten van resp. Fritzi en Otto staan in Van Hasselts repertorium over 1953, onder de nummers 393, 394 en 395. Telefonische mededeling van K.-J. van der Zijden, waarnemend notaris, aan Gertjan Broek (Anne Frank Stichting), 17 juni 2021.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"m9eeo\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Eva Schloss, <em>Herinneringen van een Joods meisje. 1938-1945</em>, Heruitg., Breda: de Geus, 2005, p. 179.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3o80u\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg.code OFA_211: Interview met Otto Frank, afgenomen door Arthur Unger (1978) (transcriptie p. 110; in de transcriptie staat foutief 'Limburg' voor 'Lemberg' (Lvov)).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hd81k\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds (AFF), Bazel, Fritzi Frank, AFF_FrF_pdoc_002: 'Mein Leben mit Otto Frank', p. 1.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lgt8l\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_040.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t0mcj\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFF, Otto Frank, AFF_OtF_corr_005. Otto Frank schrijft Fritzi op 17 oktober 1952 uit New York: "Dass ich nach meine Rückkehr zu dir ziehe, stand fest." AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_074.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Op <strong>10 november 1953 </strong>trouwden Otto Frank en Elfriede Edith (Fritzi) Markovits in Amsterdam. Het was voor allebei hun tweede huwelijk. De getuigen waren Jo Kleiman en Miep Gies.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sv6ra\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Net als Otto had Fritzi haar partner verloren in een concentratiekamp.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op de dag van het huwelijk lieten zij bij notaris Jacob van Hasselt een akte van huwelijkse voorwaarden opstellen. Ook maakten allebei bij hem een testament op.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5jfjg\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Hoewel Fritzi vanaf <strong>begin 1940 </strong>met haar gezin tegenover de familie Frank op Merwedeplein woonde, leerden zij en Otto elkaar pas kennen tijdens de terugreis uit Auschwitz. Volgens de dochter van Fritzi, Eva Geiringer-Schloss, bracht zij haar moeder en Otto tijdens de treinreis van Auschwitz naar Odessa in de buurt van Czernowitz met elkaar in contact.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m9eeo\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Volgens Fritzi zelf ontmoette zij Otto tijdens een oponthoud vlakbij Lvov toen Eva Otto Frank bij de trein herkende als de vader van Anne met wie ze op het Merwedeplein had gespeeld.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3o80u\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Later vertelde Fritzi in haar opstel <em>Mein Leben mit Otto Frank</em> dat Otto haar al was opgevallen bij een door de Sovjettroepen georganiseerde 'herdenking van de revolutie' in het net bevrijde Auschwitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hd81k\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Volgens Otto's notitieboekje uit 1945 zou dit dan <strong>23/II (1945)</strong> <em>Tag der roten armee</em> kunnen zijn geweest.<sup data-footnote-id=\"lgt8l\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Terug in Amsterdam ging Otto bij Fritzi langs omdat haar naam op een overlevendenlijst stond. Hij hoopte dat zij iets over Margot en Anne wist. Hij herinnerde zich de ontmoeting bij de trein niet.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m9eeo\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Uit de briefwisseling tussen Otto en Fritzi in het <strong>najaar van 1952, </strong>toen Otto in verband met de toneelbewerking van het dagboek langere tijd in de Verenigde Staten verbleef, blijkt dat hun huwelijk aanstaande was.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t0mcj\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sv6ra\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gemeente Amsterdam, afdeling Burgerlijke Stand: huwelijksakte 149, 10 november 1953.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5jfjg\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De voorwaarden en de testamenten van resp. Fritzi en Otto staan in Van Hasselts repertorium over 1953, onder de nummers 393, 394 en 395. Telefonische mededeling van K.-J. van der Zijden, waarnemend notaris, aan Gertjan Broek (Anne Frank Stichting), 17 juni 2021.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"m9eeo\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Eva Schloss, <em>Herinneringen van een Joods meisje. 1938-1945</em>, Heruitg., Breda: de Geus, 2005, p. 179.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3o80u\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg.code OFA_211: Interview met Otto Frank, afgenomen door Arthur Unger (1978) (transcriptie p. 110; in de transcriptie staat foutief 'Limburg' voor 'Lemberg' (Lvov)).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hd81k\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds (AFF), Bazel, Fritzi Frank, AFF_FrF_pdoc_002: 'Mein Leben mit Otto Frank', p. 1.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lgt8l\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_040.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t0mcj\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFF, Otto Frank, AFF_OtF_corr_005. Otto Frank schrijft Fritzi op 17 oktober 1952 uit New York: "Dass ich nach meine Rückkehr zu dir ziehe, stand fest." AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_074.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>On <strong>10 November 1953</strong>, Otto Frank and Elfriede Edith ('Fritizi') Markovits got married in Amsterdam. It was the second marriage for both of them. The witnesses were Jo Kleiman and Miep Gies.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sv6ra\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Like Otto, Fritzi had lost her partner in a concentration camp.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>On the day of the wedding, they had a prenuptial agreement drawn up with notary Jacob van Hasselt. Both also made a will with him.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5jfjg\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Although Fritzi lived with her family opposite the Frank family on Merwedeplein from <strong>the beginning of 1940</strong>, she and Otto only got to know each other during the return journey from Auschwitz. According to Fritzi's daughter, Eva Geiringer-Schloss, she introduced her mother and Otto to one another during the train journey from Auschwitz to Odessa, somewhere near Czernowitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m9eeo\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> According to Fritzi herself, she met Otto during a layover near Lvov when Eva recognised Otto Frank as the father of Anne, with whom she had played on Merwedeplein.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3o80u\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Later, Fritzi recounted in her essay <em>Mein Leben mit Otto Frank</em> that Otto had already caught her eye at a 'commemoration of the revolution' organised by Soviet troops in newly liberated Auschwitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hd81k\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> According to Otto's 1945 notebook, this could then have been <strong>23/II (1945)</strong> <em>Tag der roten armee</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"lgt8l\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Back in Amsterdam, Otto went to see Fritzi because her name was on a survivors' list. He hoped she knew something about Margot and Anne. He did not remember the meeting next to the train.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m9eeo\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Correspondence between Otto and Fritzi in the <strong>autumn of 1952, </strong>when Otto spent extended time in the United States in connection with the stage adaptation of the diary, shows that their marriage was imminent.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t0mcj\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sv6ra\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gemeente Amsterdam, afdeling Burgerlijke Stand: huwelijksakte 149, 10 november 1953.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5jfjg\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De voorwaarden en de testamenten van resp. Fritzi en Otto staan in Van Hasselts repertorium over 1953, onder de nummers 393, 394 en 395. Telefonische mededeling van K.-J. van der Zijden, waarnemend notaris, aan Gertjan Broek (Anne Frank Stichting), 17 juni 2021.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"m9eeo\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Eva Schloss, <em>Herinneringen van een Joods meisje. 1938-1945</em>, Heruitg., Breda: de Geus, 2005, p. 179.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3o80u\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg.code OFA_211: Interview met Otto Frank, afgenomen door Arthur Unger (1978) (transcriptie p. 110; in de transcriptie staat foutief 'Limburg' voor 'Lemberg' (Lvov)).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hd81k\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds (AFF), Bazel, Fritzi Frank, AFF_FrF_pdoc_002: 'Mein Leben mit Otto Frank', p. 1.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lgt8l\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_040.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t0mcj\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFF, Otto Frank, AFF_OtF_corr_005. Otto Frank schrijft Fritzi op 17 oktober 1952 uit New York: "Dass ich nach meine Rückkehr zu dir ziehe, stand fest." AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_074.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": "1953-11-10",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "Otto Frank and Fritzi Markovits got married on 10 November 1953 in Amsterdam.",
"summary_nl": "Otto Frank en Fritzi Markovits trouwden op 10 november 1953 te Amsterdam.",
"summary_en": "Otto Frank and Fritzi Markovits got married on 10 November 1953 in Amsterdam.",
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"name": "Amsterdam",
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"description": "<p>World War II took the lives of approximately 110,000 Amsterdam residents. Of the sizeable Jewish community, the majority, about 75,000 Jews, did not survive the German occupation. Anne Frank went into hiding in the city and wrote her world-famous diary there. The Hunger Winter also took a heavy toll on the city, as it did throughout the Western Netherlands.</p>",
"description_nl": "<p>De Tweede Wereldoorlog kostte aan ongeveer 110.000 Amsterdammers het leven. Van de omvangrijke Joodse gemeenschap overleefde het merendeel, ongeveer 75.000 Joden, de Duitse bezetting niet. Anne Frank dook in de stad onder en schreef er haar wereldberoemde dagboek. Ook de Hongerwinter eiste, zoals in heel West-Nederland, een hoge tol in de stad.</p>",
"description_en": "<p>World War II took the lives of approximately 110,000 Amsterdam residents. Of the sizeable Jewish community, the majority, about 75,000 Jews, did not survive the German occupation. Anne Frank went into hiding in the city and wrote her world-famous diary there. The Hunger Winter also took a heavy toll on the city, as it did throughout the Western Netherlands.</p>",
"summary": "Amsterdam is the capital of the Netherlands.",
"summary_nl": "Amsterdam is de hoofdstad van Nederland.",
"summary_en": "Amsterdam is the capital of the Netherlands.",
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"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (4.89523 52.37098)",
"summary": "Amsterdam City Hall was where marriages were performed in that city.",
"summary_nl": "Het stadhuis van Amsterdam was de plek waar in die stad de huwelijken werden gesloten.",
"summary_en": "Amsterdam City Hall was where marriages were performed in that city.",
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"title": "Keizersgracht 604, Amsterdam, rond 1930",
"alt": "Vervaardiger onbekend. Stadsarchief Amsterdam",
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"name": "Johannes Kleiman worked at Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie",
"name_nl": "Johannes Kleiman werkzaam bij de Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie",
"name_en": "Johannes Kleiman worked at Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie",
"content": "<p>On <strong>19 November 1923</strong>, the <em>Continentale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie</em> was founded in Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kdes8\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> To obtain Royal Assent, at government instructions on <strong>15 January 1924</strong>, the name was changed to <em>Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"c41yu\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Royal assent was granted on <strong>31 January 1924</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"e5e4k\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> On <strong>28 February 1924</strong>, the <em>Staatscourant </em>(Government Gazette) published a notification regarding the foundation of the <em>N.V. Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"xxmfo\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nThe company was located at Keizersgracht 604, Amsterdam, and its directors were <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/3c09bdb5-077e-4e4e-b3a2-252548326ccc/\" target=\"_blank\">Jacques Heuskin</a> and Jo Kleiman. Its object was: <em>The pursuit of credit business and trade in the broadest sense of the word.</em> The authorised capital was NLG 200,000.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4x0m9\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> The supervisory directors to be appointed by the board of directors were:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/5e0db544-bb56-42cc-9e37-255ea32cc3a4/\" target=\"_blank\">A.E. von Saher</a>, Amsterdam.</li>\r\n\t<li><a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/2cef6f9d-6c1a-4879-a71c-1de745d5eb52/\" target=\"_blank\">Dr Th. Metz</a>, Frankfurt am Main.</li>\r\n\t<li>Albert Reinhard, Luxembourg.</li>\r\n\t<li>Paul Stanfield, London.<sup data-footnote-id=\"x7ry5\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Brief timeline of the company:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>25 June 1925</strong> Heuskin resigned as director. The company address became Rombout Hogerbeetsstraat 21, Amsterdam (Kleiman's private address).<sup data-footnote-id=\"mc0ve\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>2 July 1927</strong> Metz became supervisory director (again?).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ssu25\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>17 July 1928</strong> the address became Frederik Hendrikstraat 24, Amsterdam (Kleiman's private address).<sup data-footnote-id=\"g61l9\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>12 March 1929</strong> the address became Thomsonlaan 25, Haarlem (Kleiman's private address).<sup data-footnote-id=\"70822\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>23 June 1933</strong> the address became Generaal Vetterstraat 40 I, Amsterdam (Kleiman's private address).<sup data-footnote-id=\"lrnmm\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>6 December 1933</strong> Metz stepped down as supervisory director. Otto Frank succeeded him the same day.<sup data-footnote-id=\"vrqjp\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>15 March 1934</strong> the firm moved to Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 120-126, Amsterdam (where Opekta was also located).<sup data-footnote-id=\"zu1tz\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>22 March 1935</strong> the address again became General Vetterstraat 40, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kysq4\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>In early <strong>1938</strong> the company moved to Lange Houtstraat 6 in The Hague.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5efpd\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>The <em>Algemeen adresboek der stad Amsterdam </em>(General Address Book of the City of Amsterdam) of <strong>1938-1939</strong> still listed the company at Singel 400, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yzfu1\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup> However, the Trade Register did not mention that address, nor did the address book of the previous year.<br />\r\n<br />\r\nThe <em>Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie in Chemische Producten</em> was established at the address Lange Houtstraat 6 in The Hague on <strong>20 June 1938</strong>. No records have yet been encountered indicating any involvement of Otto Frank and Jo Kleiman. <sup data-footnote-id=\"x691b\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kdes8\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijvoegsel Staatscourant, 28 februari 1924, p. 1; Noord-Hollands Archief (NHA), Haarlem, Handelsregister Amsterdam, toegang 448, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c41yu\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijvoegsel<em> </em>Staatscourant, 28 februari 1924, p. 11; NHA, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e5e4k\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijvoegsel<em> </em>Staatscourant, 28 februari 1924, p. 12; NHA, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xxmfo\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijvoegsel Staatscourant, 28 februari 1924; NHA, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4x0m9\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NHA, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874: Akteletter a, 9 april 1924.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"x7ry5\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijvoegsel Staatscourant, 28 februari 1924, p. 3; NHA, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mc0ve\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NHA, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874: Akteletter c, 25 juni 1925.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ssu25\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter d, 2 juli 1927.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"g61l9\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter e, 17 juli 1928.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"70822\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter f, 12 mei 1929.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lrnmm\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter g, 23 juni 1933.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vrqjp\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletters j en k, 6 december 1933.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zu1tz\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter m, 15 maart 1934.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kysq4\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter n, 22 maart 1935.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5efpd\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter o, 8 februari 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yzfu1\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Algemeen adresboek der stad Amsterdam</em> 1938-1939.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"x691b\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Handelsregister Den Haag, toegang 3.17.13.03, inv. nr. 1173, dossier 25511.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Op <strong>19 november 1923</strong> werd in Amsterdam de <em>Continentale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie</em> opgericht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kdes8\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Om de Koninklijke bewilliging te krijgen, werd op aanwijzing van regeringswege op <strong>15 januari 1924</strong> de naam gewijzigd in <em>Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"c41yu\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Op <strong>31 januari 1924</strong> werd de Koninklijke bewilliging verleend.<sup data-footnote-id=\"e5e4k\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Op <strong>28 februari 1924</strong> publiceerde de <em>Staatscourant</em> de oprichting van de <em>N.V. Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"xxmfo\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Verschillende zakenrelaties van Otto Frank waren bij dit bedrijf betrokken, onder wie Th. Metz, die ook in Frankfurt had gewoond. Toen Otto in <strong>1933</strong> in Amsterdam kwam wonen, volgde hij hem op als commissaris bij dit bedrijf.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>De vennootschap was gevestigd op Keizersgracht 604, Amsterdam en de directeuren waren <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/nl/personen/3c09bdb5-077e-4e4e-b3a2-252548326ccc/\" target=\"_blank\">Jacques Heuskin</a> en Jo Kleiman. Doel was: <em>De uitoefening van het credietbedrijf, alsmede den handel in den ruimsten zin des woords.</em> Het maatschappelijk kapitaal bedroeg fl. 200.000,-.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4x0m9\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> De commissarissen die de directie moesten benoemen waren:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/nl/personen/5e0db544-bb56-42cc-9e37-255ea32cc3a4/\" target=\"_blank\">A.E. von Saher</a>, Amsterdam.</li>\r\n\t<li><a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/nl/personen/2cef6f9d-6c1a-4879-a71c-1de745d5eb52/\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Th. Metz</a>, Frankfurt am Main.</li>\r\n\t<li>Albert Reinhard, Luxemburg.</li>\r\n\t<li>Paul Stanfield, London.<sup data-footnote-id=\"x7ry5\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Korte tijdlijn van het bedrijf:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>25 juni 1925</strong> Heuskin vertrekt als directeur. Het bedrijfsadres werd (Kleimans privé-adres) Rombout Hogerbeetsstraat 21, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mc0ve\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>2 juli 1927</strong> Metz wordt (opnieuw?) commissaris.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ssu25\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>17 juli 1928</strong> het adres wordt Frederik Hendrikstraat 24, Amsterdam (Kleimans privé-adres).<sup data-footnote-id=\"g61l9\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>12 maart 1929</strong> het adres wordt Thomsonlaan 25, Haarlem (Kleimans privé-adres).<sup data-footnote-id=\"70822\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>23 juni 1933</strong> het adres wordt Generaal Vetterstraat 40 I, Amsterdam (Kleimans privé-adres).<sup data-footnote-id=\"lrnmm\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>6 december 1933</strong> Metz treedt terug als commissaris. Otto Frank volgt hem dezelfde dag op.<sup data-footnote-id=\"vrqjp\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>15 maart 1934</strong> de firma verhuist naar Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 120-126, Amsterdam (waar ook Opekta gevestigd is).<sup data-footnote-id=\"zu1tz\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>22 maart 1935</strong> het adres wordt opnieuw Generaal Vetterstraat 40, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kysq4\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Begin <strong>1938</strong> het bedrijf verhuist naar de Lange Houtstraat 6 in Den Haag.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5efpd\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup> </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Het <em>Algemeen adresboek der stad Amsterdam</em> van <strong>1938-1939</strong> vermeldde het bedrijf nog op Singel 400, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yzfu1\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup> Het Handelsregister vermeldde dat adres echter niet, en het adresboek van het vorige jaar evenmin.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op het adres Lange Houtstraat 6 in Den Haag werd op <strong>20 juni 1938</strong> de <em>Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie in Chemische Producten</em> gevestigd. Er zijn vooralsnog geen gegevens die duiden op enige betrokkenheid van Otto Frank en Jo Kleiman. <sup data-footnote-id=\"x691b\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kdes8\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijvoegsel Staatscourant, 28 februari 1924, p. 1; Noord-Hollands Archief (NHA), Haarlem, Handelsregister Amsterdam, toegang 448, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c41yu\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijvoegsel<em> </em>Staatscourant, 28 februari 1924, p. 11; NHA, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e5e4k\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijvoegsel<em> </em>Staatscourant, 28 februari 1924, p. 12; NHA, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xxmfo\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijvoegsel Staatscourant, 28 februari 1924; NHA, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4x0m9\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NHA, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874: Akteletter a, 9 april 1924.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"x7ry5\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijvoegsel Staatscourant, 28 februari 1924, p. 3; NHA, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mc0ve\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NHA, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874: Akteletter c, 25 juni 1925.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ssu25\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter d, 2 juli 1927.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"g61l9\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter e, 17 juli 1928.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"70822\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter f, 12 mei 1929.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lrnmm\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter g, 23 juni 1933.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vrqjp\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletters j en k, 6 december 1933.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zu1tz\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter m, 15 maart 1934.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kysq4\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter n, 22 maart 1935.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5efpd\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter o, 8 februari 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yzfu1\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Algemeen adresboek der stad Amsterdam</em> 1938-1939.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"x691b\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Handelsregister Den Haag, toegang 3.17.13.03, inv. nr. 1173, dossier 25511.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>On <strong>19 November 1923</strong>, the <em>Continentale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie</em> was founded in Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kdes8\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> To obtain Royal Assent, at government instructions on <strong>15 January 1924</strong>, the name was changed to <em>Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"c41yu\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Royal assent was granted on <strong>31 January 1924</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"e5e4k\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> On <strong>28 February 1924</strong>, the <em>Staatscourant </em>(Government Gazette) published a notification regarding the foundation of the <em>N.V. Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"xxmfo\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nThe company was located at Keizersgracht 604, Amsterdam, and its directors were <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/3c09bdb5-077e-4e4e-b3a2-252548326ccc/\" target=\"_blank\">Jacques Heuskin</a> and Jo Kleiman. Its object was: <em>The pursuit of credit business and trade in the broadest sense of the word.</em> The authorised capital was NLG 200,000.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4x0m9\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> The supervisory directors to be appointed by the board of directors were:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/5e0db544-bb56-42cc-9e37-255ea32cc3a4/\" target=\"_blank\">A.E. von Saher</a>, Amsterdam.</li>\r\n\t<li><a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/2cef6f9d-6c1a-4879-a71c-1de745d5eb52/\" target=\"_blank\">Dr Th. Metz</a>, Frankfurt am Main.</li>\r\n\t<li>Albert Reinhard, Luxembourg.</li>\r\n\t<li>Paul Stanfield, London.<sup data-footnote-id=\"x7ry5\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Brief timeline of the company:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>25 June 1925</strong> Heuskin resigned as director. The company address became Rombout Hogerbeetsstraat 21, Amsterdam (Kleiman's private address).<sup data-footnote-id=\"mc0ve\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>2 July 1927</strong> Metz became supervisory director (again?).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ssu25\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>17 July 1928</strong> the address became Frederik Hendrikstraat 24, Amsterdam (Kleiman's private address).<sup data-footnote-id=\"g61l9\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>12 March 1929</strong> the address became Thomsonlaan 25, Haarlem (Kleiman's private address).<sup data-footnote-id=\"70822\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>23 June 1933</strong> the address became Generaal Vetterstraat 40 I, Amsterdam (Kleiman's private address).<sup data-footnote-id=\"lrnmm\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>6 December 1933</strong> Metz stepped down as supervisory director. Otto Frank succeeded him the same day.<sup data-footnote-id=\"vrqjp\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>15 March 1934</strong> the firm moved to Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 120-126, Amsterdam (where Opekta was also located).<sup data-footnote-id=\"zu1tz\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><strong>22 March 1935</strong> the address again became General Vetterstraat 40, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kysq4\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>In early <strong>1938</strong> the company moved to Lange Houtstraat 6 in The Hague.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5efpd\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>The <em>Algemeen adresboek der stad Amsterdam </em>(General Address Book of the City of Amsterdam) of <strong>1938-1939</strong> still listed the company at Singel 400, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yzfu1\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup> However, the Trade Register did not mention that address, nor did the address book of the previous year.<br />\r\n<br />\r\nThe <em>Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie in Chemische Producten</em> was established at the address Lange Houtstraat 6 in The Hague on <strong>20 June 1938</strong>. No records have yet been encountered indicating any involvement of Otto Frank and Jo Kleiman. <sup data-footnote-id=\"x691b\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kdes8\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijvoegsel Staatscourant, 28 februari 1924, p. 1; Noord-Hollands Archief (NHA), Haarlem, Handelsregister Amsterdam, toegang 448, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c41yu\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijvoegsel<em> </em>Staatscourant, 28 februari 1924, p. 11; NHA, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e5e4k\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijvoegsel<em> </em>Staatscourant, 28 februari 1924, p. 12; NHA, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xxmfo\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijvoegsel Staatscourant, 28 februari 1924; NHA, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4x0m9\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NHA, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874: Akteletter a, 9 april 1924.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"x7ry5\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijvoegsel Staatscourant, 28 februari 1924, p. 3; NHA, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mc0ve\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NHA, Handelsregister Amsterdam, inv. nr. 430, dossier 19874: Akteletter c, 25 juni 1925.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ssu25\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter d, 2 juli 1927.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"g61l9\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter e, 17 juli 1928.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"70822\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter f, 12 mei 1929.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lrnmm\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter g, 23 juni 1933.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vrqjp\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletters j en k, 6 december 1933.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zu1tz\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter m, 15 maart 1934.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kysq4\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter n, 22 maart 1935.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5efpd\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem: Akteletter o, 8 februari 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yzfu1\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Algemeen adresboek der stad Amsterdam</em> 1938-1939.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"x691b\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Handelsregister Den Haag, toegang 3.17.13.03, inv. nr. 1173, dossier 25511.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1923-11-19",
"date_end": "1938-02-08",
"summary": "Johannes Kleiman worked at the Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie (Central Company for Trade and Industry). Several of Otto Frank's business associates were involved in this company, including Th. Metz, who had also lived in Frankfurt. When Otto came to live in Amsterdam in 1933, he succeeded him as supervisory director of this company.",
"summary_nl": "Johannes Kleiman werkte bij de Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie. Otto Frank was commissaris bij dit bedrijf.",
"summary_en": "Johannes Kleiman worked at the Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie (Central Company for Trade and Industry). Several of Otto Frank's business associates were involved in this company, including Th. Metz, who had also lived in Frankfurt. When Otto came to live in Amsterdam in 1933, he succeeded him as supervisory director of this company.",
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"name": "Michael Frank & Zonen",
"title": "Michael Frank & Zonen, ontwerp 'Inserrat'.",
"alt": "Institut für Stadtgeschichte, Frankfurt am Main.",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/Inserrat.PNG",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "Advertentie ('Inserrat') in archief Industrie- und Handelskammer, inv. nr. 177.",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek.",
"copyright": "Publiek domein"
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/2854cc8b-52c9-4453-8a07-7522f54eb6c5/",
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"uuid": "2854cc8b-52c9-4453-8a07-7522f54eb6c5",
"name": "Johannes Kleiman works with Michael Frank & Zonen",
"name_nl": "Johannes Kleiman werkzaam bij Michael Frank & Zonen",
"name_en": "Johannes Kleiman works with Michael Frank & Zonen",
"content": "<p>On <strong>23 May 1924</strong>, Johannes Kleiman and <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/3c09bdb5-077e-4e4e-b3a2-252548326ccc/\" target=\"_blank\">Jacques Heuskin</a> obtained a joint power of attorney for <em>Michael Frank & Zonen</em>, the Amsterdam branch of <em>Michael Frank Bankgeschäft</em> from Frankfurt am Main. They were authorised for sums up to fl. 20,000.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8qp0t\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Michael Frank & Zonen</em> moved to Rombout Hogerbeetsstraat 21 in Amsterdam, the home address of Kleiman. By then, the business was in the process of being liquidated. On account of Heuskin's dismissal, Kleinman was given full power of attorney. This change was registered with the Chamber of Commerce on <strong>21 July 1925</strong>. Kleiman and <em>Michael Frank & Zonen</em> then moved to Frederik Hendrikstraat 24 in Amsterdam. This change was registered on <strong>23 July 1928</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8qp0t\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Kleiman remained in office until the dissolution of the firm, which was registered on <strong>12 February 1929</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8qp0t\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8qp0t\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, Archief Anne Frank 212c-6a: Kopie Handelsregisterdossier 19006. Volgens zijn dochter maakte Kleiman in de tijd dat hij bij Patijn en Van Notten werkte kennis met Otto Frank.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Op <strong>23 mei 1924</strong> kreeg Johannes Kleiman met <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/nl/personen/3c09bdb5-077e-4e4e-b3a2-252548326ccc/\" target=\"_blank\">Jacques Heuskin</a> een collectieve volmacht voor de firma <em>Michael Frank & Zonen</em>, het Amsterdamse filiaal van het <em>Michael Frank Bankgeschäft</em> uit Frankfurt am Main. Ze waren bevoegd tot fl. 20.000,=.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8qp0t\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Michael Frank & Zonen</em> verhuisde naar de Rombout Hogerbeetsstraat 21 in Amsterdam, het huisadres van Kleiman. De zaak was toen al in liquidatie. Kleiman kreeg vanwege het ontslag van Heuskin algemene volmacht. Die wijziging werd op <strong>21 juli 1925</strong> ingeschreven bij de Kamer van Koophandel. Vervolgens verhuisden Kleiman en <em>Michael Frank & Zonen</em> naar de Frederik Hendrikstraat 24, Amsterdam. Die wijziging werd op <strong>23 juli 1928</strong> ingeschreven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8qp0t\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Kleiman bleef in functie tot de opheffing van de zaak, die op <strong>12 februari 1929</strong> werd ingeschreven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8qp0t\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8qp0t\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, Archief Anne Frank 212c-6a: Kopie Handelsregisterdossier 19006. Volgens zijn dochter maakte Kleiman in de tijd dat hij bij Patijn en Van Notten werkte kennis met Otto Frank.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>On <strong>23 May 1924</strong>, Johannes Kleiman and <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/3c09bdb5-077e-4e4e-b3a2-252548326ccc/\" target=\"_blank\">Jacques Heuskin</a> obtained a joint power of attorney for <em>Michael Frank & Zonen</em>, the Amsterdam branch of <em>Michael Frank Bankgeschäft</em> from Frankfurt am Main. They were authorised for sums up to fl. 20,000.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8qp0t\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Michael Frank & Zonen</em> moved to Rombout Hogerbeetsstraat 21 in Amsterdam, the home address of Kleiman. By then, the business was in the process of being liquidated. On account of Heuskin's dismissal, Kleinman was given full power of attorney. This change was registered with the Chamber of Commerce on <strong>21 July 1925</strong>. Kleiman and <em>Michael Frank & Zonen</em> then moved to Frederik Hendrikstraat 24 in Amsterdam. This change was registered on <strong>23 July 1928</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8qp0t\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Kleiman remained in office until the dissolution of the firm, which was registered on <strong>12 February 1929</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8qp0t\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8qp0t\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, Archief Anne Frank 212c-6a: Kopie Handelsregisterdossier 19006. Volgens zijn dochter maakte Kleiman in de tijd dat hij bij Patijn en Van Notten werkte kennis met Otto Frank.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1924-05-23",
"date_end": "1929-02-12",
"summary": "In addition to their work for the Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie, Kleiman and Heuskin also held positions with the firm of Michael Frank & Zonen.",
"summary_nl": "Behalve in de Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel & Industrie hadden Kleiman en Heuskin ook functies bij de firma Michael Frank & Zonen.",
"summary_en": "In addition to their work for the Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie, Kleiman and Heuskin also held positions with the firm of Michael Frank & Zonen.",
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"name": "Businesses",
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"description_nl": "<p>Bedrijven hebben tot doel producten en/of diensten te verkopen aan klanten, waardoor omzet kan worden gedraaid.</p>",
"description_en": "<p>The objective of businesses is to sell products and/or services to customers, thereby generating revenue.</p>",
"summary": "Businesses aim to sell products and/or services to customers, thereby generating revenue.",
"summary_nl": "Bedrijven hebben tot doel producten en/of diensten te verkopen aan klanten, waardoor omzet kan worden gedraaid.",
"summary_en": "Businesses aim to sell products and/or services to customers, thereby generating revenue.",
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"name": "Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie",
"name_nl": "Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie",
"name_en": "Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie",
"uuid": "1a319571-a93e-4566-9396-a4d6e61833ed",
"content": "",
"content_nl": "",
"content_en": "",
"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (4.889798 52.363805)",
"summary": "The company Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie was located at Keizersgracht 604, Amsterdam. The directors were Johannes Kleiman and Jacques Heuskin.",
"summary_nl": "De vennootschap Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie was gevestigd op Keizersgracht 604, Amsterdam. De directeuren waren Johannes Kleiman en Jacques Heuskin. Dit was ook het adres van M. Frank en Zonen.",
"summary_en": "The company Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie was located at Keizersgracht 604, Amsterdam. The directors were Johannes Kleiman and Jacques Heuskin.",
"same_as": null,
"street": "Keizersgracht 604",
"zipcode": "",
"city": "Amsterdam",
"state": "",
"land": "Nederland",
"location_events": [
249,
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]
},
"score": 1.2469465
},
{
"type": "location",
"instance": {
"id": 201,
"files": [],
"main_image": null,
"latitude": "52.35255",
"longitude": "4.89774",
"events": [
{
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"main_image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/82488322-afe2-47a1-89b8-e4399ad32cb8/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/bb812692-213a-4024-9860-a7909f985762"
],
"persons": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/960fd1b1-4b84-4e4b-9eac-145c17dbf2b2"
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"location": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/c22d7f02-9e97-4dc3-a7cf-388ac0bcd8de",
"published": true,
"uuid": "82488322-afe2-47a1-89b8-e4399ad32cb8",
"name": "Hermine Santrouschitz goes to school in Amsterdam",
"name_nl": "Hermine Santrouschitz gaat naar school in Amsterdam",
"name_en": "Hermine Santrouschitz goes to school in Amsterdam",
"content": "<p>Hermine Santrouschitz, better known as Miep Gies, went to the <em>Openbare Lagere School IIe Klasse voor Jongens & Meisjes No. 4 ('Public primary School, 2de class, for boys and girls')</em>, at Maresingel in Leiden from <strong>1920 </strong>to <strong>1924</strong>. The school was probably situated on the corner of Maresingel and Marnixstraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8l6qx\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> The building was demolished in the early 1990s.<sup data-footnote-id=\"duoq6\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> After the Nieuwenburg family moved to Amsterdam, Miep briefly went to the Boumanschool. The Boumanschool was on the corner of Hendrik de Keijserstraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3bc7c\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The building is still there and now has number 246.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3w7kf\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> It currently (2010) houses the Lycée Vincent van Gogh.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pp35h\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>A report for the school year <strong>1923-1924</strong> was preserved. Given the date of the family's move, Miep switched to this school in the <strong>middle of May</strong>. This is the 'Report on Hermine Santrouschitz' for the school year <strong>1923-1924</strong> of the Boumanschool, public school for extended primary education 1st class, Rustenburgerstraat 164. The report was drawn up on<strong> 29 July 1924</strong> and concerns the sixth year. The scale is 1-5.<sup data-footnote-id=\"maild\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Reading 4</li>\r\n\t<li>Writing 4</li>\r\n\t<li>Arithmatic 4</li>\r\n\t<li>Dutch 3½</li>\r\n\t<li>History 4</li>\r\n\t<li>Geography 4</li>\r\n\t<li>Drawing 4</li>\r\n\t<li>Gymnastics 3½</li>\r\n\t<li>Handicrafts 3½</li>\r\n\t<li>Behaviour 5</li>\r\n\t<li>Diligence 5</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Teacher C.E. ten Cate noted: 'Goes without exam to the 4-year U.L.O.' A mistake or a misunderstanding, because Miep went to the 3-year ULO.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>According to her foster parents, Miep went from the Boumanschool to the 3-year MULO on Mauritskade.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7t0iy\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> This was the Thérèse Schwartzeschool, Mauritskade 24, incidentally a 4-year ULO, with L.M.C. Brugman as its principal.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2xtkj\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Miep's foster parents used the term MULO, from the 1857 Education Act, which had officially been changed to ULO in <strong>1920</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0bcnu\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8l6qx\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_Gies_I_018: Verklaring Nieuwenburg-Moene inzake naturalisatie, 8 juni 1939.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"duoq6\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>E-mail Lida Jansen, 16 maart 2010.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3bc7c\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten, inv. nr. 308: Woningkaart Rustenburgerstraat 164. Jaren later is de school verhuisd naar de hoek Verbindingsstraat-Van Ostadestraat. Dit pand is, zoals op de Beeldbank van het Stadsarchief blijkt, inmiddels afgebroken.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3w7kf\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bron: Google Streetview.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pp35h\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><a href=\"https://lfvvg.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Lycée Français Vincent van Gogh</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"maild\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_Gies_I_031: Rapport van Hermine Santrouschitz schooljaar 1923/24.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7t0iy\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_I_018: Verklaring Nieuwenburg-Moene inzake naturalisatie, 8 juni 1939. Zij noemden in deze verklaring de Boumanschool niet. Volgens dezelfde verklaring ging Miep na deze school werken bij Schellekens. Dat betekent dat ze in de leeftijd van ongeveer 15 tot 18 jaar de ULO volgde. Volgens Jacques Dane van het Onderwijsmuseum kwam het wel meer voor dat leerlingen pas later naar het voortgezet onderwijs gingen. Dit kon zijn wegens langdurige ziekte of om een betere positie op de arbeidsmarkt te krijgen (e-mail 2 september 2010).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2xtkj\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Algemeen Adresboek voor de stad Amsterdam</em>, 71ste jaargang 1924-1925, Amsterdam: Ellerman, Harms &amp; Co., p. 30.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0bcnu\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meer_uitgebreid_lager_onderwijs\" target=\"_blank\">Meer uitgebreid lager onderwijs</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Hermine Santrouschitz, beter bekend als Miep Gies, zat in de jaren <strong>1920-1924</strong> op de <em>Openbare Lagere School IIe Klasse voor Jongens & Meisjes No. 4</em> aan de Maresingel in Leiden. Waarschijnlijk stond deze school op de hoek van de Maresingel en de Marnixstraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8l6qx\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Dit gebouw is begin jaren negentig afgebroken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"duoq6\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Na de verhuizing van de familie Nieuwenburg naar Amsterdam ging Miep kort naar de Boumanschool. De Boumanschool stond op de hoek van de Hendrik de Keijserstraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3bc7c\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Het gebouw is er nog en heeft nu nummer 246.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3w7kf\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Het huisvest momenteel (2010) het Lycée Vincent van Gogh.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pp35h\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Er is een rapport voor het schooljaar <strong>1923-1924</strong> bewaard gebleven. Gezien de datum van de verhuizing heeft zij de school pas vanaf <strong>half mei</strong> bezocht. Dit is het <em>Verslag aangaande Hermine Santrouschitz</em> voor het schooljaar <strong>1923-1924</strong> van de <em>Boumanschool, openbare school voor uitgebreid lager onderwijs 1ste klasse</em>, Rustenburgerstraat 164. Het rapport is opgemaakt op <strong>29 juli 1924</strong> en betreft de zesde klas. De schaal is 1-5.<sup data-footnote-id=\"maild\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Lezen 4</li>\r\n\t<li>Schrijven 4</li>\r\n\t<li>Rekenen 4</li>\r\n\t<li>Nederlandsch 3½</li>\r\n\t<li>Geschiedenis 4</li>\r\n\t<li>Aardrijkskunde 4</li>\r\n\t<li>Tekenen 4</li>\r\n\t<li>Gymnastiek 3½</li>\r\n\t<li>Handwerken 3½</li>\r\n\t<li>Gedrag 5</li>\r\n\t<li>Vlijt 5</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Onderwijzeres C.E. ten Cate tekende aan: '<em>Gaat zonder examen naar 4j. U.L.O.'</em> Een vergissing of een misverstand, want Miep ging naar de 3-jarige ULO.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Volgens haar pleegouders ging Miep van de Boumanschool naar de 3-jarige MULO aan de Mauritskade.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7t0iy\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Daar was de Thérèse Schwartzeschool, Mauritskade 24, overigens een 4-jarige ULO, met als schoolhoofd L.M.C. Brugman.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2xtkj\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> De pleegouders gebruikten de term MULO, die afkomstig is uit de Onderwijswet van 1857, maar die in <strong>1920</strong> officieel is veranderd in ULO.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0bcnu\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8l6qx\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_Gies_I_018: Verklaring Nieuwenburg-Moene inzake naturalisatie, 8 juni 1939.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"duoq6\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>E-mail Lida Jansen, 16 maart 2010.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3bc7c\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten, inv. nr. 308: Woningkaart Rustenburgerstraat 164. Jaren later is de school verhuisd naar de hoek Verbindingsstraat-Van Ostadestraat. Dit pand is, zoals op de Beeldbank van het Stadsarchief blijkt, inmiddels afgebroken.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3w7kf\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bron: Google Streetview.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pp35h\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><a href=\"https://lfvvg.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Lycée Français Vincent van Gogh</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"maild\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_Gies_I_031: Rapport van Hermine Santrouschitz schooljaar 1923/24.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7t0iy\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_I_018: Verklaring Nieuwenburg-Moene inzake naturalisatie, 8 juni 1939. Zij noemden in deze verklaring de Boumanschool niet. Volgens dezelfde verklaring ging Miep na deze school werken bij Schellekens. Dat betekent dat ze in de leeftijd van ongeveer 15 tot 18 jaar de ULO volgde. Volgens Jacques Dane van het Onderwijsmuseum kwam het wel meer voor dat leerlingen pas later naar het voortgezet onderwijs gingen. Dit kon zijn wegens langdurige ziekte of om een betere positie op de arbeidsmarkt te krijgen (e-mail 2 september 2010).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2xtkj\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Algemeen Adresboek voor de stad Amsterdam</em>, 71ste jaargang 1924-1925, Amsterdam: Ellerman, Harms &amp; Co., p. 30.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0bcnu\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meer_uitgebreid_lager_onderwijs\" target=\"_blank\">Meer uitgebreid lager onderwijs</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Hermine Santrouschitz, better known as Miep Gies, went to the <em>Openbare Lagere School IIe Klasse voor Jongens & Meisjes No. 4 ('Public primary School, 2de class, for boys and girls')</em>, at Maresingel in Leiden from <strong>1920 </strong>to <strong>1924</strong>. The school was probably situated on the corner of Maresingel and Marnixstraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8l6qx\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> The building was demolished in the early 1990s.<sup data-footnote-id=\"duoq6\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> After the Nieuwenburg family moved to Amsterdam, Miep briefly went to the Boumanschool. The Boumanschool was on the corner of Hendrik de Keijserstraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3bc7c\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The building is still there and now has number 246.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3w7kf\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> It currently (2010) houses the Lycée Vincent van Gogh.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pp35h\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>A report for the school year <strong>1923-1924</strong> was preserved. Given the date of the family's move, Miep switched to this school in the <strong>middle of May</strong>. This is the 'Report on Hermine Santrouschitz' for the school year <strong>1923-1924</strong> of the Boumanschool, public school for extended primary education 1st class, Rustenburgerstraat 164. The report was drawn up on<strong> 29 July 1924</strong> and concerns the sixth year. The scale is 1-5.<sup data-footnote-id=\"maild\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Reading 4</li>\r\n\t<li>Writing 4</li>\r\n\t<li>Arithmatic 4</li>\r\n\t<li>Dutch 3½</li>\r\n\t<li>History 4</li>\r\n\t<li>Geography 4</li>\r\n\t<li>Drawing 4</li>\r\n\t<li>Gymnastics 3½</li>\r\n\t<li>Handicrafts 3½</li>\r\n\t<li>Behaviour 5</li>\r\n\t<li>Diligence 5</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Teacher C.E. ten Cate noted: 'Goes without exam to the 4-year U.L.O.' A mistake or a misunderstanding, because Miep went to the 3-year ULO.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>According to her foster parents, Miep went from the Boumanschool to the 3-year MULO on Mauritskade.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7t0iy\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> This was the Thérèse Schwartzeschool, Mauritskade 24, incidentally a 4-year ULO, with L.M.C. Brugman as its principal.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2xtkj\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Miep's foster parents used the term MULO, from the 1857 Education Act, which had officially been changed to ULO in <strong>1920</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0bcnu\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8l6qx\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_Gies_I_018: Verklaring Nieuwenburg-Moene inzake naturalisatie, 8 juni 1939.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"duoq6\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>E-mail Lida Jansen, 16 maart 2010.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3bc7c\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten, inv. nr. 308: Woningkaart Rustenburgerstraat 164. Jaren later is de school verhuisd naar de hoek Verbindingsstraat-Van Ostadestraat. Dit pand is, zoals op de Beeldbank van het Stadsarchief blijkt, inmiddels afgebroken.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3w7kf\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bron: Google Streetview.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pp35h\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><a href=\"https://lfvvg.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Lycée Français Vincent van Gogh</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"maild\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_Gies_I_031: Rapport van Hermine Santrouschitz schooljaar 1923/24.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7t0iy\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Gies_I_018: Verklaring Nieuwenburg-Moene inzake naturalisatie, 8 juni 1939. Zij noemden in deze verklaring de Boumanschool niet. Volgens dezelfde verklaring ging Miep na deze school werken bij Schellekens. Dat betekent dat ze in de leeftijd van ongeveer 15 tot 18 jaar de ULO volgde. Volgens Jacques Dane van het Onderwijsmuseum kwam het wel meer voor dat leerlingen pas later naar het voortgezet onderwijs gingen. Dit kon zijn wegens langdurige ziekte of om een betere positie op de arbeidsmarkt te krijgen (e-mail 2 september 2010).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2xtkj\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Algemeen Adresboek voor de stad Amsterdam</em>, 71ste jaargang 1924-1925, Amsterdam: Ellerman, Harms &amp; Co., p. 30.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0bcnu\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meer_uitgebreid_lager_onderwijs\" target=\"_blank\">Meer uitgebreid lager onderwijs</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": "1924-07-29",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "After moving to Amsterdam, Hermine switched to a school there.",
"summary_nl": "Na de verhuizing naar Amsterdam vervolgde Hermine daar haar schoolcarrière.",
"summary_en": "After moving to Amsterdam, Hermine switched to a school there.",
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{
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/bb812692-213a-4024-9860-a7909f985762/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "bb812692-213a-4024-9860-a7909f985762",
"name": "Schools",
"name_nl": "Scholen",
"name_en": "Schools",
"description": "",
"description_nl": "",
"description_en": "",
"summary": "Schools are institutions where education is provided.",
"summary_nl": "Scholen zijn instellingen waar onderwijs gegeven wordt.",
"summary_en": "Schools are institutions where education is provided.",
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"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/663c8bc9-dc5c-4dd1-bced-88ce12738280",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/c4260f04-7551-463d-89f5-a7ce48eeecd3",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/aa7d60c3-6d94-4f52-a729-96440eeb4d5f"
],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/locaties/c22d7f02-9e97-4dc3-a7cf-388ac0bcd8de/",
"published": true,
"name": "Boumanschool",
"name_nl": "Boumanschool",
"name_en": "Boumanschool",
"uuid": "c22d7f02-9e97-4dc3-a7cf-388ac0bcd8de",
"content": "<p> The building still exists and is now number 246.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2npy0\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2npy0\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>See: Amsterdam op de kaart: <a href=\"https://amsterdamopdekaart.nl/1850-1940/Rustenburgerstraat/246\" target=\"_blank\">Rustenburgerstraat 246</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Het gebouw bestaat nog en heeft nu nummer 246.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cw4tr\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cw4tr\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie: Amsterdam op de kaart: <a href=\"https://amsterdamopdekaart.nl/1850-1940/Rustenburgerstraat/246\" target=\"_blank\">Rustenburgerstraat 246</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p> The building still exists and is now number 246.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2npy0\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2npy0\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>See: Amsterdam op de kaart: <a href=\"https://amsterdamopdekaart.nl/1850-1940/Rustenburgerstraat/246\" target=\"_blank\">Rustenburgerstraat 246</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (4.89774 52.35255)",
"summary": "After moving to Amsterdam with her foster parents, Miep Gies attended the Boumanschool, a public school for primary education for boys and girls.",
"summary_nl": "Miep Gies ging na haar verhuizing met haar pleegouders naar Amsterdam naar de Boumanschool, een openbare school voor lager onderwijs der derde klasse voor jongens en meisjes.\r\n",
"summary_en": "After moving to Amsterdam with her foster parents, Miep Gies attended the Boumanschool, a public school for primary education for boys and girls.",
"same_as": null,
"street": "Rustenburgerstraat 164",
"zipcode": "",
"city": "Amsterdam",
"state": "",
"land": "Nederland",
"location_events": [
205
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},
"score": 1.2469465
},
{
"type": "location",
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"main_image": {
"id": 1051,
"uuid": "726a0358-d189-4289-b426-73e5ddc869f5",
"name": "Woning aangeboden.",
"title": "Woning Hunzestraat aangeboden.",
"alt": "Delpher. Algemeen Handelsblad, 5 november 1940.",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/Te_huur_aangeboden_Algemeen_Handelsblad_5_11_1940_avond_p._10.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek.",
"copyright": "Publiek domein."
},
"latitude": "52.344345",
"longitude": "4.90509",
"events": [
{
"id": 217,
"main_image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/8f4bb17b-89d1-496c-aea8-2b53b4f73ffa/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/e668255b-67ef-4ad1-8f2e-fdc1084aff25"
],
"persons": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/b6d69a97-fe49-4129-9494-caf57598de10",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/960fd1b1-4b84-4e4b-9eac-145c17dbf2b2",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/f2004ab1-f62f-43c5-9864-18eea838d81e",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/f095a610-02a4-47c4-8c38-bc63f8d06611",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/2e855068-20f1-4976-94ec-25c2503568af"
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"location": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/0ccf3db9-1774-4848-ad11-627e3fc64cea",
"published": true,
"uuid": "8f4bb17b-89d1-496c-aea8-2b53b4f73ffa",
"name": "Hermine Santrouschitz moves in with Jan Gies",
"name_nl": "Miep Santrouschitz en Jan Gies wonen samen na hun huwelijk",
"name_en": "Hermine Santrouschitz moves in with Jan Gies",
"content": "<p>From <strong>16 July 1941</strong> to <strong>1 June 1946</strong>, Hermine ('Miep') Santrouschitz was registered at Hunzestraat 25hs, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gwnpc\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> This was Miep's first address after the foster parents' home. According to her <em>Herinneringen</em>, she lived here unmarried together with Jan Gies.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y0f0n\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> They lived here with Henderina Stoppelman-van der Reis.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h3v8a\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Her husband had gone to England in <strong>May 1940</strong>, so she rented out rooms. <sup data-footnote-id=\"epkv3\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Otto Frank had pointed out the advertisement to them looking for tenants for these furnished rooms.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yoroc\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Jan Gies had been registered at this address since <strong>4 December 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"eegzc\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Mrs Stoppelman corresponded with her husband in London through the Red Cross. From <strong>6 September 1942,</strong> she wrote as sender next to her name: "c/o J. Gies, Hunzestraat No 25 house".<sup data-footnote-id=\"d2b6j\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> On <strong>4 September 1943</strong>, Max Stoppelman wrote to his father in London: "Address parcels to Gies, otherwise they will be lost."<sup data-footnote-id=\"wacpf\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> On <strong>1 July 1943</strong>, Mrs Stoppelman wrote to her husband with <em>"</em>Mrs J. Gies vd Reis" as the sender <em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"wgvdo\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Mrs Stoppelman also went into hiding during <strong>1942</strong>. A son of the family where she stayed was a student and in turn went into hiding with Jan and Miep in Hunzestraat around <strong>October-November 1942</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ksp06\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gwnpc\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Persoonskaarten (toegangsnummer 30408): <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/f33cb3b9-6e4d-4ad1-a2ba-cf2aa3725d06\" target=\"_blank\">Persoonskaart H. Santrouschitz</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y0f0n\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 60.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h3v8a\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten, inv. nr 138: Woningkaart Hunzestraat 25.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"epkv3\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gies & Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank</em>, p 59. Mevrouw Stoppelman heet hier mevrouw Samson.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yoroc\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief, Miep Gies: Interview door Wouter van der Sluis en Janrense Boonstra, 1992, deel 2, p. 4.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"eegzc\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"d2b6j\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit A.S. Cohen: Correspondentieformulier Rode Kruis nr. 179663.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wacpf\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit A.S. Cohen: Corresponentieformulier Rode Kruis, nr. 26102/43, achterzijde.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wgvdo\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit A.S. Cohen: Correspondentieformulier nr. 285603.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ksp06\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Santrouschitz: Transcriptie interview Dienke Hondius, 1989, p. 11. De naam van deze jongen is niet met zekerheid bekend. Mogelijk heette hij Kuno van der Horst.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Van <strong>16 juli 1941</strong> tot <strong>1 juni 1946</strong> stond Hermine (Miep) Santrouschitz ingeschreven op Hunzestraat 25hs, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gwnpc\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Dit was Mieps eerste adres na de pleegouderlijke woning. Volgens haar <em>Herinneringen</em> woonde ze hier ongehuwd samen met Jan Gies.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y0f0n\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Zij woonen hier in bij Henderina Stoppelman-van der Reis.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h3v8a\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Haar man was in <strong>mei 1940</strong> in Engeland terecht gekomen en zij verhuurde daarom kamers. Miep <sup data-footnote-id=\"epkv3\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Otto Frank had hen op de advertentie gewezen waarin huurders voor deze gemeubileerde kamers werden gevraagd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yoroc\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Jan Gies stond op dit adres al vanaf <strong>4 december 1940</strong> ingeschreven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"eegzc\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Mevrouw Stoppelman correspondeerde via het Rode Kruis met haar man in London. Vanaf <strong>6 september 1942</strong> schreef ze als afzender bij haar naam: <em>"p/a J. Gies, Hunzestraat No 25 huis"</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"d2b6j\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Op <strong>4 september 1943</strong> schreef Max Stoppelman aan zijn vader in London: <em>"Pakketjes adresseeren aan Gies, anders gaan ze verloren."</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"wacpf\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Op <strong>1 juli 1943</strong> schreef mevrouw Stoppelman aan haar man met als afzender <em>"Mevr J. Gies vd Reis".</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"wgvdo\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p>Mevrouw Stoppelman ging in de loop van <strong>1942</strong> ook onderduiken. Een zoon van de familie waar ze verbleef, was student en dook rond <strong>oktober-november 1942</strong> op zijn beurt onder bij Jan en Miep in de Hunzestraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ksp06\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gwnpc\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Persoonskaarten (toegangsnummer 30408): <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/f33cb3b9-6e4d-4ad1-a2ba-cf2aa3725d06\" target=\"_blank\">Persoonskaart H. Santrouschitz</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y0f0n\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 60.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h3v8a\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten, inv. nr 138: Woningkaart Hunzestraat 25.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"epkv3\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gies & Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank</em>, p 59. Mevrouw Stoppelman heet hier mevrouw Samson.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yoroc\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief, Miep Gies: Interview door Wouter van der Sluis en Janrense Boonstra, 1992, deel 2, p. 4.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"eegzc\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"d2b6j\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit A.S. Cohen: Correspondentieformulier Rode Kruis nr. 179663.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wacpf\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit A.S. Cohen: Corresponentieformulier Rode Kruis, nr. 26102/43, achterzijde.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wgvdo\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit A.S. Cohen: Correspondentieformulier nr. 285603.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ksp06\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Santrouschitz: Transcriptie interview Dienke Hondius, 1989, p. 11. De naam van deze jongen is niet met zekerheid bekend. Mogelijk heette hij Kuno van der Horst.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>From <strong>16 July 1941</strong> to <strong>1 June 1946</strong>, Hermine ('Miep') Santrouschitz was registered at Hunzestraat 25hs, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gwnpc\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> This was Miep's first address after the foster parents' home. According to her <em>Herinneringen</em>, she lived here unmarried together with Jan Gies.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y0f0n\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> They lived here with Henderina Stoppelman-van der Reis.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h3v8a\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Her husband had gone to England in <strong>May 1940</strong>, so she rented out rooms. <sup data-footnote-id=\"epkv3\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Otto Frank had pointed out the advertisement to them looking for tenants for these furnished rooms.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yoroc\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Jan Gies had been registered at this address since <strong>4 December 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"eegzc\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Mrs Stoppelman corresponded with her husband in London through the Red Cross. From <strong>6 September 1942,</strong> she wrote as sender next to her name: "c/o J. Gies, Hunzestraat No 25 house".<sup data-footnote-id=\"d2b6j\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> On <strong>4 September 1943</strong>, Max Stoppelman wrote to his father in London: "Address parcels to Gies, otherwise they will be lost."<sup data-footnote-id=\"wacpf\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> On <strong>1 July 1943</strong>, Mrs Stoppelman wrote to her husband with <em>"</em>Mrs J. Gies vd Reis" as the sender <em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"wgvdo\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Mrs Stoppelman also went into hiding during <strong>1942</strong>. A son of the family where she stayed was a student and in turn went into hiding with Jan and Miep in Hunzestraat around <strong>October-November 1942</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ksp06\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gwnpc\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Persoonskaarten (toegangsnummer 30408): <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/f33cb3b9-6e4d-4ad1-a2ba-cf2aa3725d06\" target=\"_blank\">Persoonskaart H. Santrouschitz</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y0f0n\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 60.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h3v8a\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten, inv. nr 138: Woningkaart Hunzestraat 25.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"epkv3\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gies & Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank</em>, p 59. Mevrouw Stoppelman heet hier mevrouw Samson.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yoroc\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief, Miep Gies: Interview door Wouter van der Sluis en Janrense Boonstra, 1992, deel 2, p. 4.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"eegzc\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"d2b6j\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit A.S. Cohen: Correspondentieformulier Rode Kruis nr. 179663.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wacpf\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit A.S. Cohen: Corresponentieformulier Rode Kruis, nr. 26102/43, achterzijde.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wgvdo\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit A.S. Cohen: Correspondentieformulier nr. 285603.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ksp06\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Santrouschitz: Transcriptie interview Dienke Hondius, 1989, p. 11. De naam van deze jongen is niet met zekerheid bekend. Mogelijk heette hij Kuno van der Horst.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": "1941-07-16",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "After their marriage on July 16, 1941, Miep Santrouschitz and Jan Gies lived together.",
"summary_nl": "Na hun huwelijk op 16 juli 1941 woonden Miep Santrouschitz en Jan Gies samen.",
"summary_en": "After their marriage on July 16, 1941, Miep Santrouschitz and Jan Gies lived together.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 71,
"main_image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/5db3a57f-942d-49e5-9478-631a0e8ad789/",
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"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/1ccd9e30-3b3f-4185-baac-78d7d1f42d4d"
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"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/960fd1b1-4b84-4e4b-9eac-145c17dbf2b2",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/f2004ab1-f62f-43c5-9864-18eea838d81e",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/7b1f2828-0f9d-49a0-bf55-869b818e76ab",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/5ca6071b-3f13-4d9e-91e7-182bcd994e2f",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/94d0786c-04e7-4095-ba04-876b8544e1b2"
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"location": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/0ccf3db9-1774-4848-ad11-627e3fc64cea",
"published": true,
"uuid": "5db3a57f-942d-49e5-9478-631a0e8ad789",
"name": "Return Otto Frank: back in Amsterdam",
"name_nl": "Terugreis Otto Frank: terug in Amsterdam",
"name_en": "Return Otto Frank: back in Amsterdam",
"content": "<p style=\"text-align:start\">On <strong>3 June 1945</strong>, Otto Frank was brought from Arnhem to Amsterdam by car via Utrecht and Rotterdam. At half past nine in the evening, Otto arrived at the house of Jan and Miep Gies at 25 Hunzestraat, where he learned that both Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman had survived the war.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> After Otto's arrival, Miep went straight to Kleiman, whereupon Kleiman and his wife came to Hunzestraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hcram\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Lotte Kaletta also came to Hunzestraat. Otto noted in his booklet: "What a joy to see us again and how much suffering! A huge relief that everyone was there."<sup data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Kugler is in inverted commas in the notebook. He lived in Hilversum so possibly he was not there in person.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">The next day,<strong> on </strong><strong>4 June 1945</strong>, Otto<strong> </strong>wrote "office" in his diary, so he probably visited the office on Prinsengracht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"snkep\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> It is possible that this was also when he visited the Secret Annexe again for the first time.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">In Amsterdam, Otto continued his search for Anne and Margot, but for a long time he received no news. On <strong>8 June</strong>, for example, he wrote to his mother: "I am writing here from my office and it is all like a grim dream, I cannot yet grasp reality...Where [the children] are, I do not know, but I think of them constantly."<sup data-footnote-id=\"c3o9u\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">On <strong>9 June</strong>, Otto reported back to the Amsterdam police Aliens Department.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tecug\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">On <strong>18 July</strong> <strong>1945</strong>, Otto suffered his second major blow. Looking through a Red Cross list, he saw the names of his two daughters with a cross behind them, which meant they had perished. Not long after, Miep Gies gave him his daughter's diary, which she had kept for Anne for months.<sup data-footnote-id=\"srnp3\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"text-align:start\">\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA) reg. code OFA_002: Agenda Otto Frank 1945, 3 juni.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hcram\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Kleiman: Mededeling J. v.d. Broek-Kleiman, 17 april 2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snkep\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_002: Agenda Otto Frank 1945, 4 juni.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c3o9u\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Origineel citaat: ‘Ich schreibe hier im Büro, es ist alles wie ein schwerer Traum. Ich kann mich in der Wirklichkeit noch nicht zurecht finden […] Wo sie sind, weiss ich nicht und die Gedanke an sie verlässt mich nicht.’ Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Alice Frank-Stern, AlF_corr_10_0029, Otto Frank aan Alice Frank-Stern 8 juni 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tecug\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Archief van de Politie, toegangsnummer 5225, inv. nr. 3929: Vreemdelingenkaart Otto H. Frank.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"srnp3\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bas von Benda Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen, </em>Amsterdam: Querido, 2020, p.<em> </em>310.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>",
"content_nl": "<p style=\"text-align:start\">Op <strong>3 juni 1945 </strong>werd Otto Frank vanuit Arnhem met de auto via Utrecht en Rotterdam naar Amsterdam gebracht. 's avonds om half tien kwam Otto aan bij Jan en Miep Gies op de Hunzestraat 25. Daar hoorde hij dat zowel Victor Kugler als Johannes Kleiman de oorlog hadden overleefd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Miep ging na de aankomst van Otto direct naar Kleiman, waarop Kleiman en zijn vrouw naar de Hunzestraat kwamen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hcram\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Ook Lotte Kaletta kwam naar de Hunzestraat. Otto noteerde in zijn boekje: ‘<em>Wat een vreugde ons weer te zien en hoeveel leed! Een steen van het hart, dat allen er zijn</em>.’<sup data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Kugler staat in het notieboekje tussen aanhalingstekens. Hij woonde in Hilversum dus mogelijk was hij er in persoon niet bij.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">De volgende dag,<strong> op </strong><strong>4 juni 1945</strong><strong>, schreef</strong> Otto in zijn agenda "kantoor" en bezocht hij dus waarschijnlijk het kantoor aan de Prinsengracht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"snkep\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Mogelijk bezocht hij toen ook voor het eerst weer het Achterhuis.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">In Amsterdam zette Otto zijn zoektocht naar Anne en Margot voort, maar lange tijd kreeg hij geen nieuws. Zo schreef hij op <strong>8 juni</strong> aan zijn moeder: ‘<em>Ik schrijf hier vanuit mijn kantoor en het is allemaal als een akelige droom, ik kan de werkelijkheid nog niet bevatten...Waar [de kinderen] zijn, weet ik niet, maar ik denk voortdurend aan hen</em>.’<sup data-footnote-id=\"c3o9u\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">Op <strong>9 juni </strong>meldde Otto zich weer bij de Vreemdelingendienst van de Amsterdamse politie.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tecug\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">Op <strong>18 juli</strong> <strong>1945 </strong>kreeg Otto uiteindelijk zijn tweede grote slag te verduren. Bij het doornemen van een lijst van het Rode Kruis zag hij de namen van zijn twee dochters met daarachter een kruis, wat betekende dat ze waren omgekomen. Niet lang daarna kreeg hij van Miep Gies het dagboek van zijn dochter, dat zij maandenlang voor Anne had bewaard.<sup data-footnote-id=\"srnp3\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"text-align:start\">\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA) reg. code OFA_002: Agenda Otto Frank 1945, 3 juni.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hcram\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Kleiman: Mededeling J. v.d. Broek-Kleiman, 17 april 2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snkep\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_002: Agenda Otto Frank 1945, 4 juni.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c3o9u\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Origineel citaat: ‘Ich schreibe hier im Büro, es ist alles wie ein schwerer Traum. Ich kann mich in der Wirklichkeit noch nicht zurecht finden […] Wo sie sind, weiss ich nicht und die Gedanke an sie verlässt mich nicht.’ Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Alice Frank-Stern, AlF_corr_10_0029, Otto Frank aan Alice Frank-Stern 8 juni 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tecug\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Archief van de Politie, toegangsnummer 5225, inv. nr. 3929: Vreemdelingenkaart Otto H. Frank.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"srnp3\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bas von Benda Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen, </em>Amsterdam: Querido, 2020, p.<em> </em>310.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>",
"content_en": "<p style=\"text-align:start\">On <strong>3 June 1945</strong>, Otto Frank was brought from Arnhem to Amsterdam by car via Utrecht and Rotterdam. At half past nine in the evening, Otto arrived at the house of Jan and Miep Gies at 25 Hunzestraat, where he learned that both Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman had survived the war.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> After Otto's arrival, Miep went straight to Kleiman, whereupon Kleiman and his wife came to Hunzestraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hcram\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Lotte Kaletta also came to Hunzestraat. Otto noted in his booklet: "What a joy to see us again and how much suffering! A huge relief that everyone was there."<sup data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Kugler is in inverted commas in the notebook. He lived in Hilversum so possibly he was not there in person.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">The next day,<strong> on </strong><strong>4 June 1945</strong>, Otto<strong> </strong>wrote "office" in his diary, so he probably visited the office on Prinsengracht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"snkep\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> It is possible that this was also when he visited the Secret Annexe again for the first time.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">In Amsterdam, Otto continued his search for Anne and Margot, but for a long time he received no news. On <strong>8 June</strong>, for example, he wrote to his mother: "I am writing here from my office and it is all like a grim dream, I cannot yet grasp reality...Where [the children] are, I do not know, but I think of them constantly."<sup data-footnote-id=\"c3o9u\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">On <strong>9 June</strong>, Otto reported back to the Amsterdam police Aliens Department.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tecug\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">On <strong>18 July</strong> <strong>1945</strong>, Otto suffered his second major blow. Looking through a Red Cross list, he saw the names of his two daughters with a cross behind them, which meant they had perished. Not long after, Miep Gies gave him his daughter's diary, which she had kept for Anne for months.<sup data-footnote-id=\"srnp3\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"text-align:start\">\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA) reg. code OFA_002: Agenda Otto Frank 1945, 3 juni.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hcram\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Kleiman: Mededeling J. v.d. Broek-Kleiman, 17 april 2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snkep\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_002: Agenda Otto Frank 1945, 4 juni.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c3o9u\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Origineel citaat: ‘Ich schreibe hier im Büro, es ist alles wie ein schwerer Traum. Ich kann mich in der Wirklichkeit noch nicht zurecht finden […] Wo sie sind, weiss ich nicht und die Gedanke an sie verlässt mich nicht.’ Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Alice Frank-Stern, AlF_corr_10_0029, Otto Frank aan Alice Frank-Stern 8 juni 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tecug\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Archief van de Politie, toegangsnummer 5225, inv. nr. 3929: Vreemdelingenkaart Otto H. Frank.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"srnp3\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bas von Benda Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen, </em>Amsterdam: Querido, 2020, p.<em> </em>310.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1945-06-03",
"date_end": "1945-07-18",
"summary": "On 3 June 1945, Otto Frank returned to Amsterdam to his friends Jan and Miep Gies. From there he went in search of his daughters. On 18 July, he received the news that his daughters had perished in Bergen-Belsen. Soon after, Miep Gies gave him his daughter Anne's diary.",
"summary_nl": "Op 3 juni 1945 kwam Otto Frank terug in Amsterdam bij zijn vrienden Jan en Miep Gies. Vandaaruit ging hij opzoek naar zijn dochters. Op 18 juli kreeg hij het nieuws dat zijn dochters waren omgekomen in Bergen-Belsen. Snel daarna kreeg hij van Miep Gies het dagboek van zijn dochter Anne.",
"summary_en": "On 3 June 1945, Otto Frank returned to Amsterdam to his friends Jan and Miep Gies. From there he went in search of his daughters. On 18 July, he received the news that his daughters had perished in Bergen-Belsen. Soon after, Miep Gies gave him his daughter Anne's diary.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
],
"subjects": [
{
"id": 396124664,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/7e865a71-4c4f-4910-b778-75c9a2761d19/",
"published": false,
"uuid": "7e865a71-4c4f-4910-b778-75c9a2761d19",
"name": "Jan Gies helpt onderduikers",
"name_nl": "Jan Gies helpt onderduikers",
"name_en": null,
"description": "<h1>Hulp aan het Achterhuis</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank vroeg in <strong>1971 </strong>de Yad Vashem onderscheiding “Rechtvaardige onder de Volken” aan voor zijn vier kantoormedewerkers en ook voor Jan Gies. Otto beschreef in zijn voordracht de rol van Jan als helper bij het verkrijgen van distributiebonnen en het verkopen van kostbaarheden, als het geld op dreigde te raken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wt7jz\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Zelf verklaarde Jan dat hij distributiebonnen kocht op “de zwarte markt”.<sup data-footnote-id=\"04rjf\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> In ieder geval kwamen er bonnen het Achterhuis binnen via de Gies & Co.-vertegenwoordigers Martin Brouwer en Pieter Daatzelaar.<sup data-footnote-id=\"re7ni\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Een directe rol van Jan Gies daarbij is niet bekend, maar ligt wel voor de hand. Hij was namelijk commissaris bij de firma Gies & Co en had onbeperkte toegang tot de bedrijfsgebouwen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"va7o7\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Tussen de middag kwam Jan regelmatig in het Achterhuis langs.<sup data-footnote-id=\"18w5r\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Dan besprak hij met de onderduikers het nieuws en het verloop van de oorlog.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f46qd\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Jan leende ook boeken voor hen bij leesbibliotheek COMO aan de Rijnstraat, waar hij bevriend was met de eigenaar Jacob Licht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qi8ae\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Naar eigen zeggen voorzag hij de onderduikers ook van sigaretten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"v9ym0\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Eerder hielp Jan samen met zijn vrouw Miep de familie Frank ook bij de voorbereiding van de onderduik. Ze kwamen in de avond van <strong>5 juli 1942</strong> naar de woning op het Merwedeplein om spullen op te halen, die zij later naar het Achterhuis zouden brengen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"b3tdx\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Volgens Annes dagboek ging Jan na de inbraak van <strong>9 april 1944 </strong>naar het politiebureau en naar de nachtwaker Slegers om het gebeurde te bespreken en zo de onderduikers af te schermen van ontdekking.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hc12y\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> Daar was op zich niets vreemds aan, gezien het al genoemde commissariaat bij Gies & Co.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Familie Stoppelman en Kuno van der Horst</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Via een advertentie kwamen Jan en Miep aan een kamer op de Hunzestraat nummer 25 bij mevr. Stoppelman-Van der Reis.<sup data-footnote-id=\"a5d8v\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Mevrouw Stoppelman had veel contacten in en om Hilversum, en toen zij moest gaan onderduiken vond zij daardoor een plek bij mevrouw Van der Horst. Jan en Miep bleven in de woning van mevrouw Stoppelman in de Hunzestraat wonen. Volgens Anne bezochten Jan en Miep mevrouw Stoppelman op haar onderduikadres bij mevrouw Van der Horst.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ivcyk\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> Zij namen in de lente van <strong>1943</strong> haar zoon Kuno van der Horst in huis. Het verhaal wil dat Kuno (in Mieps door een <em>ghost writer </em>geschreven autobiografie ‘Karel’ geheten) als student weigerde de loyaliteitsverklaring te tekenen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dr5o0\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup> Hoe lang Kuno precies ondergedoken zat bij Jan en Miep is onduidelijk.<sup data-footnote-id=\"fnywz\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Daarnaast bracht Jan mevrouw Stoppelmans jonge kleinkinderen, die ternauwernood aan een razzia ontkwamen, in veiligheid. Alfred Cohen, een van de kinderen, overleefde de oorlog, maar zijn zus Lida Cohen stierf tijdens de onderduik aan een ziekte.<sup data-footnote-id=\"u9m4b\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Aan Jans onderduikhulp kwam een einde, toen op <strong>4 augustus 1944</strong> de Achterhuisbewoners werden gearresteerd. Betrokkenheid bij andere illegale activiteiten had hij al eerder gestopt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ob0fc\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>3 maart 1972</strong> kreeg Jan op voordracht van Otto Frank van Yad Vashem de onderscheiding “Rechtvaardige onder de Volken".<sup data-footnote-id=\"0tmig\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wt7jz\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_082, voordracht Otto Frank aan Yad Vashem.; Website Yad Vashem, https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/pdf-drupal/en/righteous/otto-frank-letter.pdf (Geraadpleegd op 20-11-2023).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"04rjf\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Beheerd archief AV, Televizier, 5 mei 1987, tijdcode 24.40-25.00 min.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"re7ni\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 10, 14 en 23 maart 1944, 25 mei 1944; Dagboek B, 4 maart 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk.;</em><em> </em>Daatzelaar wordt door Anne aangeduid als: <em>Daatselaar of D</em>., Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 20 oktober 1942, 12 maart 1944, 14 maart 1944, 23 maart 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"va7o7\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Staatscourant 13 augustus 1941, akteletter d, Noord-Hollands Archief, Handelsregister Hilversum, inv. nr. 199, dossier 8859.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"18w5r\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Kenniscentrum, Manuscripten Huygenseditie, Verhaaltjesboek, Schaftuurtje.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f46qd\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Kenniscentrum, Manuscripten Huygenseditie, Dagboek A, 3 februari 1944.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qi8ae\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, getuigenarchief Gies, interview Jan en Miep Gies door Wouter van der Sluis en Janrense Boomsma, mei 1992, deel 6, p. 6.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"v9ym0\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, getuigenarchief, interview 1992, deel 2, p. 9.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b3tdx\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Kenniscentrum, Manuscripten Huygenseditie, Dagboek A, 8 juli 1942.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hc12y\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Kenniscentrum, Manuscripten Huygenseditie, Dagboek A, 11 april 1944. Tot op heden is geen bevestiging in het archief van de Amsterdamse politie aangetroffen.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"a5d8v\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, getuigenarchief, interview 1992, deel 2, p. 4; er stond een advertentie voor inwoning in de rubriek “Te huur aangeboden”, <em>Algemeen Handelsblad</em>, 5 november 1940. Jans inschrijving in de woning is op 4 december 1940.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ivcyk\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Kenniscentrum, Manuscripten Huygenseditie, Dagboek A, 10 oktober 1942.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dr5o0\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies en Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2009, p. 145. De controverse over het wel of niet tekenen in Delft vond plaats in maart en april 1943. De SD nam op 4 mei de studentenregistratie in beslag.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fnywz\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Kuno is in zijn vrij beknopt neergeschreven herinneringen aan de oorlogsjaren niet expliciet over zijn eigen ervaringen. Zijn moeder is uitvoeriger, maar geeft ook weinig aanknopingspunten.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"u9m4b\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, getuigenarchief Stoppelman: brief M. Stoppelman aan AFS, 9 augustus 1995.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ob0fc\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, getuigenarchief, interview 1992, deel 2, p. 11.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0tmig\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>VOETNOOT INVOEREN!</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<h1>Hulp aan het Achterhuis</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank vroeg in <strong>1971 </strong>de Yad Vashem onderscheiding “Rechtvaardige onder de Volken” aan voor zijn vier kantoormedewerkers en ook voor Jan Gies. Otto beschreef in zijn voordracht de rol van Jan als helper bij het verkrijgen van distributiebonnen en het verkopen van kostbaarheden, als het geld op dreigde te raken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wt7jz\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Zelf verklaarde Jan dat hij distributiebonnen kocht op “de zwarte markt”.<sup data-footnote-id=\"04rjf\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> In ieder geval kwamen er bonnen het Achterhuis binnen via de Gies & Co.-vertegenwoordigers Martin Brouwer en Pieter Daatzelaar.<sup data-footnote-id=\"re7ni\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Een directe rol van Jan Gies daarbij is niet bekend, maar ligt wel voor de hand. Hij was namelijk commissaris bij de firma Gies & Co en had onbeperkte toegang tot de bedrijfsgebouwen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"va7o7\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Tussen de middag kwam Jan regelmatig in het Achterhuis langs.<sup data-footnote-id=\"18w5r\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Dan besprak hij met de onderduikers het nieuws en het verloop van de oorlog.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f46qd\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Jan leende ook boeken voor hen bij leesbibliotheek COMO aan de Rijnstraat, waar hij bevriend was met de eigenaar Jacob Licht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qi8ae\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Naar eigen zeggen voorzag hij de onderduikers ook van sigaretten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"v9ym0\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Eerder hielp Jan samen met zijn vrouw Miep de familie Frank ook bij de voorbereiding van de onderduik. Ze kwamen in de avond van <strong>5 juli 1942</strong> naar de woning op het Merwedeplein om spullen op te halen, die zij later naar het Achterhuis zouden brengen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"b3tdx\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Volgens Annes dagboek ging Jan na de inbraak van <strong>9 april 1944 </strong>naar het politiebureau en naar de nachtwaker Slegers om het gebeurde te bespreken en zo de onderduikers af te schermen van ontdekking.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hc12y\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> Daar was op zich niets vreemds aan, gezien het al genoemde commissariaat bij Gies & Co.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Familie Stoppelman en Kuno van der Horst</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Via een advertentie kwamen Jan en Miep aan een kamer op de Hunzestraat nummer 25 bij mevr. Stoppelman-Van der Reis.<sup data-footnote-id=\"a5d8v\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Mevrouw Stoppelman had veel contacten in en om Hilversum, en toen zij moest gaan onderduiken vond zij daardoor een plek bij mevrouw Van der Horst. Jan en Miep bleven in de woning van mevrouw Stoppelman in de Hunzestraat wonen. Volgens Anne bezochten Jan en Miep mevrouw Stoppelman op haar onderduikadres bij mevrouw Van der Horst.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ivcyk\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> Zij namen in de lente van <strong>1943</strong> haar zoon Kuno van der Horst in huis. Het verhaal wil dat Kuno (in Mieps door een <em>ghost writer </em>geschreven autobiografie ‘Karel’ geheten) als student weigerde de loyaliteitsverklaring te tekenen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dr5o0\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup> Hoe lang Kuno precies ondergedoken zat bij Jan en Miep is onduidelijk.<sup data-footnote-id=\"fnywz\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Daarnaast bracht Jan mevrouw Stoppelmans jonge kleinkinderen, die ternauwernood aan een razzia ontkwamen, in veiligheid. Alfred Cohen, een van de kinderen, overleefde de oorlog, maar zijn zus Lida Cohen stierf tijdens de onderduik aan een ziekte.<sup data-footnote-id=\"u9m4b\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Aan Jans onderduikhulp kwam een einde, toen op <strong>4 augustus 1944</strong> de Achterhuisbewoners werden gearresteerd. Betrokkenheid bij andere illegale activiteiten had hij al eerder gestopt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ob0fc\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>3 maart 1972</strong> kreeg Jan op voordracht van Otto Frank van Yad Vashem de onderscheiding “Rechtvaardige onder de Volken".<sup data-footnote-id=\"0tmig\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wt7jz\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_082, voordracht Otto Frank aan Yad Vashem.; Website Yad Vashem, https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/pdf-drupal/en/righteous/otto-frank-letter.pdf (Geraadpleegd op 20-11-2023).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"04rjf\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Beheerd archief AV, Televizier, 5 mei 1987, tijdcode 24.40-25.00 min.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"re7ni\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 10, 14 en 23 maart 1944, 25 mei 1944; Dagboek B, 4 maart 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk.;</em><em> </em>Daatzelaar wordt door Anne aangeduid als: <em>Daatselaar of D</em>., Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 20 oktober 1942, 12 maart 1944, 14 maart 1944, 23 maart 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"va7o7\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Staatscourant 13 augustus 1941, akteletter d, Noord-Hollands Archief, Handelsregister Hilversum, inv. nr. 199, dossier 8859.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"18w5r\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Kenniscentrum, Manuscripten Huygenseditie, Verhaaltjesboek, Schaftuurtje.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f46qd\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Kenniscentrum, Manuscripten Huygenseditie, Dagboek A, 3 februari 1944.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qi8ae\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, getuigenarchief Gies, interview Jan en Miep Gies door Wouter van der Sluis en Janrense Boomsma, mei 1992, deel 6, p. 6.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"v9ym0\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, getuigenarchief, interview 1992, deel 2, p. 9.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b3tdx\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Kenniscentrum, Manuscripten Huygenseditie, Dagboek A, 8 juli 1942.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hc12y\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Kenniscentrum, Manuscripten Huygenseditie, Dagboek A, 11 april 1944. Tot op heden is geen bevestiging in het archief van de Amsterdamse politie aangetroffen.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"a5d8v\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, getuigenarchief, interview 1992, deel 2, p. 4; er stond een advertentie voor inwoning in de rubriek “Te huur aangeboden”, <em>Algemeen Handelsblad</em>, 5 november 1940. Jans inschrijving in de woning is op 4 december 1940.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ivcyk\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Kenniscentrum, Manuscripten Huygenseditie, Dagboek A, 10 oktober 1942.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dr5o0\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies en Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2009, p. 145. De controverse over het wel of niet tekenen in Delft vond plaats in maart en april 1943. De SD nam op 4 mei de studentenregistratie in beslag.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fnywz\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Kuno is in zijn vrij beknopt neergeschreven herinneringen aan de oorlogsjaren niet expliciet over zijn eigen ervaringen. Zijn moeder is uitvoeriger, maar geeft ook weinig aanknopingspunten.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"u9m4b\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, getuigenarchief Stoppelman: brief M. Stoppelman aan AFS, 9 augustus 1995.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ob0fc\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, getuigenarchief, interview 1992, deel 2, p. 11.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0tmig\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>VOETNOOT INVOEREN!</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "",
"summary": "Jan Gies verleende op verschillende manieren hulp aan onderduikers.",
"summary_nl": "Jan Gies verleende op verschillende manieren hulp aan onderduikers.",
"summary_en": "",
"same_as": null,
"parent": 396124657,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 396124506,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627",
"name": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_nl": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_en": "Rivierenbuurt",
"description": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt, die wordt begrensd door de Amstelrivier in het oosten, de Boerenwetering in het westen, het Amstelkanaal in het noorden, en de Zuidelijke Wandelweg in het zuiden. Het maakt deel uit van <em>Plan Zuid</em>, een stedenbouwkundig plan voor Amsterdam-Zuid, dat in het begin van de <strong>20e eeuw</strong> werd ontworpen door de architect H.P Berlage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> bestond uit drie delen: de <em>Apollobuurt</em> en de <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, gericht op welgestelden, middenklasse en arbeidersklasse, en de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, gericht op de middenklasse. Ook een groot deel van de buurt <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> behoort tot het <em>Plan Zuid</em>. In het stedenbouwkundig plan was bedacht dat drie hoofdstraten (de Amstellanen) de buurt in een Y-vorm zouden doorsnijden, en samen zouden komen op het Daniël Willinkplein, een vernoeming naar de Nederlandse schrijver Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Dit waren de Amstellaan (na de oorlog werd dit de Stalinlaan en in <strong>1956</strong>, na de Russische inval in Hongarije, gewijzigd in Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (nu Churchill-laan) en Zuider Amstellaan (nu Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> De overige straatnamen in de buurt werden vernoemd naar Nederlandse rivieren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De woningen in de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> oefenden vanaf het begin van de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Joodse Amsterdammers uit de middenklasse. Qua grootte en voorzieningen staken zij bijzonder gunstig af tegen de kleine, slechte woningen in de overbevolkte Jodenbuurt rond het Waterlooplein. Toch was er in de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> veel leegstand, en daardoor streken ook veel Duitse Joden die vanuit nazi-Duitsland naar Nederland vluchtten, hier neer, waaronder ook de families Frank en Van Pels en een aantal van hun vrienden en kennissen. De immigranten voelden zich thuis in deze buurt met de vele geloofsgenoten. Uiteindelijk woonde in <strong>1940</strong> zo'n 40% van de in Amsterdam wonende Joden in dit deel van de stad.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
"summary_nl": "De Rivierenbuurt is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt waar zich vanaf de jaren dertig veel Joodse inwoners hebben gevestigd.",
"summary_en": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645",
"name": "Accommodation",
"name_nl": "Verblijf",
"name_en": "Accommodation",
"description": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"description_nl": "<p>Onder verblijf wordt verstaan een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.</p>",
"description_en": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"summary": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"summary_nl": "Verblijf is een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.",
"summary_en": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
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"parent": 396124413,
"files": []
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"name_nl": "Woning Jan en Miep Gies, Hunzestraat 25, Amsterdam",
"name_en": "Home of Jan and Miep Gies, Hunzestraat 25, Amsterdam",
"uuid": "0ccf3db9-1774-4848-ad11-627e3fc64cea",
"content": "<p>Hunzestraat 25hs, Amsterdam.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Jan Gies was registered at this address from <strong>4 December 1940</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Miep was registered here from <strong>16 July 1941 to 1 June 1946</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>This was Miep's first address after her foster parents' home. According to her memoir <em>Herinneringen</em>, she lived here unmarried with Jan. They lived here with Henderina Stoppelman-van der Reis. Her husband had gone to England in <strong>May 1940</strong>, so she rented out rooms.</li>\r\n\t<li>Otto Frank had pointed them to the advertisement looking for tenants for these furnished rooms.</li>\r\n\t<li>On <strong>3 June 1945</strong>, Otto Frank arrived at 25 Hunzestraat.</li>\r\n\t<li>On <strong>9-10 June 1945,</strong> Otto Frank moved with Jan and Miep Gies to Hunzestraat 120, the home of Jan Gies' sister Fenna Gies.</li>\r\n</ul>",
"content_nl": "<p>Hunzestraat 25hs, Amsterdam.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Jan Gies stond op dit adres al vanaf <strong>4 december 1940</strong> ingeschreven. </li>\r\n\t<li>Miep stond hier van <strong>16 juli 1941 tot 1 juni 1946</strong> ingeschreven.</li>\r\n\t<li>Dit was Mieps eerste adres na de pleegouderlijke woning. Volgens haar <em>Herinneringen</em> woonde ze hier ongehuwd met Jan samen. Zij woonden hier in bij Henderina Stoppelman-van der Reis. Haar man was in <strong>mei 1940</strong> in Engeland terecht gekomen en zij verhuurde daarom kamers. </li>\r\n\t<li>Otto Frank had hen op de advertentie gewezen waarin huurders voor deze gemeubileerde kamers werden gevraagd.</li>\r\n\t<li>Op <strong>3 juni 1945</strong> kwam Otto Frank aan op de Hunzestraat 25.</li>\r\n\t<li>Op <strong>9-10 juni 1945</strong> verhuisde Otto Frank samen met Jan en Miep Gies naar Hunzestraat 120, de woning van Jan Gies' zus Fenna Gies.</li>\r\n</ul>",
"content_en": "<p>Hunzestraat 25hs, Amsterdam.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Jan Gies was registered at this address from <strong>4 December 1940</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Miep was registered here from <strong>16 July 1941 to 1 June 1946</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>This was Miep's first address after her foster parents' home. According to her memoir <em>Herinneringen</em>, she lived here unmarried with Jan. They lived here with Henderina Stoppelman-van der Reis. Her husband had gone to England in <strong>May 1940</strong>, so she rented out rooms.</li>\r\n\t<li>Otto Frank had pointed them to the advertisement looking for tenants for these furnished rooms.</li>\r\n\t<li>On <strong>3 June 1945</strong>, Otto Frank arrived at 25 Hunzestraat.</li>\r\n\t<li>On <strong>9-10 June 1945,</strong> Otto Frank moved with Jan and Miep Gies to Hunzestraat 120, the home of Jan Gies' sister Fenna Gies.</li>\r\n</ul>",
"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (4.90509 52.344345)",
"summary": "Jan and Miep Gies lived here from July 1941 to June 1945.",
"summary_nl": "Hier woonden van Jan en Miep Gies van juli 1941 tot juni 1945.",
"summary_en": "Jan and Miep Gies lived here from July 1941 to June 1945.",
"same_as": null,
"street": "",
"zipcode": "",
"city": "Amsterdam",
"state": "",
"land": "",
"location_events": [
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"uuid": "311e0d50-829a-4d25-833c-c07dd1518fc6",
"name": "WKSAA00093000526",
"title": "Woningkaart Gaaspstraat 12, later 25.",
"alt": "Stadsarchief Amsterdam. Dienst Bevolkingsregister, woningkaarten.",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/WKSAA00093000526.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
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"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek.",
"copyright": "Publiek domein."
},
"latitude": "52.344589",
"longitude": "4.90837",
"events": [
{
"id": 294,
"main_image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/6ac4c1af-cf5f-4bf0-8201-a87ff7d39a4f/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/e668255b-67ef-4ad1-8f2e-fdc1084aff25"
],
"persons": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/960fd1b1-4b84-4e4b-9eac-145c17dbf2b2",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/91ba36dd-a23f-47d8-9821-f5242644ad37",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/f28309bf-8611-4332-aef1-3114364250f9"
],
"location": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/6a58ce7e-02e2-4517-85ce-5b03eb20b753",
"published": true,
"uuid": "6ac4c1af-cf5f-4bf0-8201-a87ff7d39a4f",
"name": "Miep Santrouschitz movees to Amsterdam",
"name_nl": "Miep Santrouschitz verhuist naar Amsterdam",
"name_en": "Miep Santrouschitz movees to Amsterdam",
"content": "<p>From <strong>19 May 1924</strong> they lived at Meerhuizenstraat 3, third floor, then from <strong>5 April 1928</strong> at Gaaspstraat 25, third floor, and from <strong>29 August 1940</strong> at Gaaspstraat 25, downstairs.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4v3aq\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Before Miep married Jan Gies on <strong>16 July 1941</strong>, they had already been living together as lodgers with <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/b6d69a97-fe49-4129-9494-caf57598de10/\" target=\"_blank\">Mrs. Stoppelman</a> at Hunzestraat 25 since <strong>December 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"aylip\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4v3aq\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Persoonskaarten (toegangsnummer 30408): <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/f33cb3b9-6e4d-4ad1-a2ba-cf2aa3725d06\" target=\"_blank\">Persoonskaart H. Santrouschitz</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"aylip\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Jan Pieter Koster & Helma de Jonge, <a href=\"https://onsamsterdam.nl/artikelen/hoe-miep-gies-naar-nederland-kwam\" target=\"_blank\">'Hoe Miep Gies naar Nederland kwam'</a>, in: <em>Ons Amsterdam</em>, 01/05/2022. Miep schrijft dat zelf ook in haar memoires, al noemt ze geen specifieke datum. Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 60.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Vanaf <strong>19 mei 1924</strong> woonden zij op Meerhuizenstraat 3, driehoog, daarna vanaf op <strong>5 april 1928</strong> op de Gaaspstraat 25, driehoog, en vanaf <strong>29 augustus 1940</strong> op Gaaspstraat 25hs.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4a2hu\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Voordat Miep op <strong>16 juli 1941</strong> trouwde met Jan Gies, woonden zij sinds<strong> december 1940</strong> al ongehuwd samen in bij <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/nl/personen/b6d69a97-fe49-4129-9494-caf57598de10/\" target=\"_blank\">mevrouw Stoppelman</a> op Hunzestraat 25hs.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j6ttp\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4a2hu\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Persoonskaarten (toegangsnummer 30408): <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/f33cb3b9-6e4d-4ad1-a2ba-cf2aa3725d06\" target=\"_blank\">Persoonskaart H. Santrouschitz</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j6ttp\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Jan Pieter Koster & Helma de Jonge, <a href=\"https://onsamsterdam.nl/artikelen/hoe-miep-gies-naar-nederland-kwam\" target=\"_blank\">'Hoe Miep Gies naar Nederland kwam'</a>, in: <em>Ons Amsterdam</em>, 01/05/2022. Miep schrijft dat zelf ook in haar memoires, al noemt ze geen specifieke datum. Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 60.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>From <strong>19 May 1924</strong> they lived at Meerhuizenstraat 3, third floor, then from <strong>5 April 1928</strong> at Gaaspstraat 25, third floor, and from <strong>29 August 1940</strong> at Gaaspstraat 25, downstairs.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4v3aq\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Before Miep married Jan Gies on <strong>16 July 1941</strong>, they had already been living together as lodgers with <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/b6d69a97-fe49-4129-9494-caf57598de10/\" target=\"_blank\">Mrs. Stoppelman</a> at Hunzestraat 25 since <strong>December 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"aylip\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4v3aq\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Persoonskaarten (toegangsnummer 30408): <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/f33cb3b9-6e4d-4ad1-a2ba-cf2aa3725d06\" target=\"_blank\">Persoonskaart H. Santrouschitz</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"aylip\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Jan Pieter Koster & Helma de Jonge, <a href=\"https://onsamsterdam.nl/artikelen/hoe-miep-gies-naar-nederland-kwam\" target=\"_blank\">'Hoe Miep Gies naar Nederland kwam'</a>, in: <em>Ons Amsterdam</em>, 01/05/2022. Miep schrijft dat zelf ook in haar memoires, al noemt ze geen specifieke datum. Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 60.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1924-05-19",
"date_end": "1941-07-16",
"summary": "Miep Santrouschitz moved with her foster family from Leiden to Amsterdam.",
"summary_nl": "Met het gezin Nieuwenburg verhuist Miep in 1924 vanuit Leiden naar Amsterdam.",
"summary_en": "Miep Santrouschitz moved with her foster family from Leiden to Amsterdam.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
],
"subjects": [
{
"id": 396124506,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627",
"name": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_nl": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_en": "Rivierenbuurt",
"description": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt, die wordt begrensd door de Amstelrivier in het oosten, de Boerenwetering in het westen, het Amstelkanaal in het noorden, en de Zuidelijke Wandelweg in het zuiden. Het maakt deel uit van <em>Plan Zuid</em>, een stedenbouwkundig plan voor Amsterdam-Zuid, dat in het begin van de <strong>20e eeuw</strong> werd ontworpen door de architect H.P Berlage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> bestond uit drie delen: de <em>Apollobuurt</em> en de <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, gericht op welgestelden, middenklasse en arbeidersklasse, en de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, gericht op de middenklasse. Ook een groot deel van de buurt <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> behoort tot het <em>Plan Zuid</em>. In het stedenbouwkundig plan was bedacht dat drie hoofdstraten (de Amstellanen) de buurt in een Y-vorm zouden doorsnijden, en samen zouden komen op het Daniël Willinkplein, een vernoeming naar de Nederlandse schrijver Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Dit waren de Amstellaan (na de oorlog werd dit de Stalinlaan en in <strong>1956</strong>, na de Russische inval in Hongarije, gewijzigd in Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (nu Churchill-laan) en Zuider Amstellaan (nu Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> De overige straatnamen in de buurt werden vernoemd naar Nederlandse rivieren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De woningen in de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> oefenden vanaf het begin van de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Joodse Amsterdammers uit de middenklasse. Qua grootte en voorzieningen staken zij bijzonder gunstig af tegen de kleine, slechte woningen in de overbevolkte Jodenbuurt rond het Waterlooplein. Toch was er in de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> veel leegstand, en daardoor streken ook veel Duitse Joden die vanuit nazi-Duitsland naar Nederland vluchtten, hier neer, waaronder ook de families Frank en Van Pels en een aantal van hun vrienden en kennissen. De immigranten voelden zich thuis in deze buurt met de vele geloofsgenoten. Uiteindelijk woonde in <strong>1940</strong> zo'n 40% van de in Amsterdam wonende Joden in dit deel van de stad.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
"summary_nl": "De Rivierenbuurt is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt waar zich vanaf de jaren dertig veel Joodse inwoners hebben gevestigd.",
"summary_en": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645",
"name": "Accommodation",
"name_nl": "Verblijf",
"name_en": "Accommodation",
"description": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"description_nl": "<p>Onder verblijf wordt verstaan een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.</p>",
"description_en": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"summary": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"summary_nl": "Verblijf is een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.",
"summary_en": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
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"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (4.90837 52.344589)",
"summary": "The house at Gaaspstraat 12 got a different house number around 1934-1935. Then the street was renumbered. Number 12 became number 25. The family, with Miep Santrouschitz, first lived on 25-III and from August 29, 1940 on 25-Hs.",
"summary_nl": "De woning op Gaaspstraat 12 kreeg omstreeks 1934–'35 een ander huisnummer. Toen werd de straat omgenummerd. Nummer 12 werd nummer 25. De familie, met Miep Santrouschitz, woonde eerst op 25-III en vanaf 29 augustus 1940 op 25-Hs.",
"summary_en": "The house at Gaaspstraat 12 got a different house number around 1934-1935. Then the street was renumbered. Number 12 became number 25. The family, with Miep Santrouschitz, first lived on 25-III and from August 29, 1940 on 25-Hs.",
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"street": "Gaaspstraat 25",
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"city": "Amsterdam",
"state": "",
"land": "Nederland",
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"name": "ANWU01624000001",
"title": "Gebouw Candida, rond 1933",
"alt": "Vervaardiger onbekend. Stadsarchief Amsterdam",
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"author": "De collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek",
"copyright": "Publiek domein"
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"longitude": "4.891791",
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/b808c539-1fbe-46d4-8dbb-62ccc7c004b3/",
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"name": "Otto Frank establishes Opekta in the Netherlands",
"name_nl": "Otto Frank vestigt Opekta in Nederland",
"name_en": "Otto Frank establishes Opekta in the Netherlands",
"content": "<p>He established his company in Amsterdam. Opekta was a company which was licensed to sell pectin. Opekta was also the name of the gelling agent to make homemade jam. To sell his product Otto arranged advertisements and organizes demonstrations at meetings for housewife associations.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ujfsu\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Victor Kugler and Miep Santrouschitz helped him build up his business. Victor was his righthand man. Miep gave information over the telephone and also sent information about using Opekta. Johannes Kleiman and Bep Voskuijl joined the company later. Others worked in the warehouse and sales.<sup data-footnote-id=\"377h1\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ujfsu\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>The first demonstration was on 4 July 1933: <a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010929903:mpeg21:a0021\" target=\"_blank\">"Uitnoodiging voor de Opekta-demonstratie"</a>, <em>Limburgsch Dagblad</em>, 3 juli 1933, p. 4.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"377h1\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Carol Ann Lee, <em>Het verborgen leven van Otto Frank: de biografie</em>, Amsterdam: Balans, 2002, p. 58, 63, 66.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Zijn bedrijf vestigde hij in Amsterdam. Opekta was een bedrijf dat onder licentie pectine verkocht aan consumenten. Dit is een geleermiddel waarmee huisvrouwen zelf jam kunnen maken. Om zijn product te verkopen verzorgde hij reclamematerialen en organiseerde hij demonstraties op bijeenkomsten van huisvrouwenverenigingen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ey7ss\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Victor Kugler en Miep Santrouschitz hielpen Otto bij de opbouw van zijn bedrijf. Victor werd zijn rechterhand. Miep gaf telefonisch en schriftelijk inlichtingen over het gebruik van Opekta. Later kwamen ook Johannes Kleiman en Bep Voskuijl in dienst. Verdere werkten er mensen in het magazijn en in de verkoop.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kh20h\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ey7ss\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De eerste demonstratie was op 4 juli 1933: <a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010929903:mpeg21:a0021\" target=\"_blank\">"Uitnoodiging voor de Opekta-demonstratie"</a>, <em>Limburgsch Dagblad</em>, 3 juli 1933, p. 4.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kh20h\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Carol Ann Lee, <em>Het verborgen leven van Otto Frank: de biografie</em>, Amsterdam: Balans, 2002, p. 58, 63, 66.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>He established his company in Amsterdam. Opekta was a company which was licensed to sell pectin. Opekta was also the name of the gelling agent to make homemade jam. To sell his product Otto arranged advertisements and organizes demonstrations at meetings for housewife associations.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ujfsu\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Victor Kugler and Miep Santrouschitz helped him build up his business. Victor was his righthand man. Miep gave information over the telephone and also sent information about using Opekta. Johannes Kleiman and Bep Voskuijl joined the company later. Others worked in the warehouse and sales.<sup data-footnote-id=\"377h1\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ujfsu\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>The first demonstration was on 4 July 1933: <a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010929903:mpeg21:a0021\" target=\"_blank\">"Uitnoodiging voor de Opekta-demonstratie"</a>, <em>Limburgsch Dagblad</em>, 3 juli 1933, p. 4.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"377h1\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Carol Ann Lee, <em>Het verborgen leven van Otto Frank: de biografie</em>, Amsterdam: Balans, 2002, p. 58, 63, 66.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": "1933-07-01",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "In July 1933 Otto Frank began selling Opekta in the Netherlands.",
"summary_nl": "In juli 1933 begon Otto Frank met de verkoop van Opekta in Nederland.",
"summary_en": "In July 1933 Otto Frank began selling Opekta in the Netherlands.",
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"name": "Miep Gies works at Opekta",
"name_nl": "Miep Gies werkzaam bij Opekta",
"name_en": "Miep Gies works at Opekta",
"content": "<p>According to the Register of Foreign Nationals, Miep worked at Opekta from <strong>16 October 1933</strong>, after more than ten months of unemployment. She earned NLG 15 per week.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hu0nu\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> By her own account, she was put to work on jam preparation the first day and spent at least a month working with all kinds of recipes. When she had mastered this, she was put on the phone to help solve problems<em> </em>(Opekta information department)<em> </em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j4dy9\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Besides the Opekta information department, Miep Gies did administrative work: her responsibilities included payroll and the bank giro cash book.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2abym\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Sometimes Miep Gies got the people in hiding to update debtors' lists and sales books.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5564e\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nMiep had her workplace in the front office, where Bep and Kleiman were also working.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j4dy9\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>After the arrest, she and Bep continued to work in the office until Kleiman's return, and according to her, Miep Gies was the only one able to continue the business activities in the meantime.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t9geb\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nThere are photos and video material documenting Miep's presence at Opekta:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The photo of Miep with Otto Frank and Henk van Beusekom, <strong>September 1936</strong>, in the office at Singel 400.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r4c3v\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The photo of Miep with Henk van Beusekom, Isa Cauvern and Branca Boom (sister-in-law of Miep Gies).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ryqv2\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The photo of Miep with Isa Cauvern, Henk van Beusekom, Hetty Levie and Victor Kugler on the pavement of Singel 400.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ue1s6\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Miep figured in the Opekta advertising film, which showed jam preparation using Opekta liquid.<sup data-footnote-id=\"od3tz\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The <strong>1941 </strong>photo of Miep with Victor Kugler, Bep Voskuijl, Pine Wuurman and Esther Troeder in the front office of Prinsengracht 263.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kbugw\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The <strong>May 1941 </strong>photo of Miep in the front office. She posed with Hermann van Pels, Esther Troeder and Bep Voskuijl.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ntf5k\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Also from <strong>May 1941 </strong>is the photo of Miep with Bep Voskuijl and Pine Wuurman at the waterfront.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5kr4k\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>On the occasion of Miep's marriage to Jan Gies on <strong>16 July 1941</strong>, a party was held at the Opekta office. Some photos were taken during this, both inside and outside in front of the door.<sup data-footnote-id=\"aw45a\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The <strong>1945 </strong>photo of Miep with other helpers and Otto Frank in the front office.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f2b3x\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Miep herself resigned from Opekta in the summer of <strong>1947</strong>. She felt that running a household with three men (Jan, Otto Frank and Ab Cauvern) was already a full-time job: "I was no longer the young girl searching for freedom and independence through her work."<sup data-footnote-id=\"b4edr\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hu0nu\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Santrouschitz: Transcriptie Vreemdelingenkaart H. Santrouschitz, Notitie 3 augustus 1935.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j4dy9\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Miep Gies, Interview 1992, deel 1. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2abym\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Verklaring E. van Wijk-Voskuijl, voor RIOD, 27 februari 1981.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5564e\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 30 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>; transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t9geb\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 199-203.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r4c3v\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Opekta_III_002.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ryqv2\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_003. Branca komt in 1935 bij Opekta en trouwt in augustus 1936. Na haar huwelijk gaat ze weg. AFS, Getuigenarchief, Boom.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ue1s6\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_007. Opekta betrok Singel 400 eind 1934; Henk van Beusekom werkte er tot 7 januari 1938. In die periode moet de foto zijn gemaakt.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"od3tz\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_IV_001. De film is gedateerd 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kbugw\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_008. De datering staat in Beps handschrift achterop.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ntf5k\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_009. In Beps handschrift staat achterop 1940. Het bijschrift in de Museale Collectie zegt 1941.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5kr4k\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Digitale fotocollectie. Als deze en de vorige allebei uit mei 1941 zijn, dan in ieder geval verschillende dagen: Miep draagt andere kleren.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"aw45a\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Digitale fotocollectie.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f2b3x\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_011.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b4edr\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gies & Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank</em>, p. 235.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Volgens het register van de Vreemdelingendienst werkte Miep Gies, bij Opekta vanaf <strong>16 oktober 1933</strong>, na ruim tien maanden werkloosheid. Ze verdiende fl. 15, - per week.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hu0nu\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Naar eigen zeggen, werd ze de eerste dag aan de jambereiding gezet en was ze zeker een maand met allerlei recepten in de weer. Toen ze dit onder de knie had, werd ze aan de telefoon gezet om problemen te helpen oplossen (<em>Opekta inlichtingendienst </em>).<sup data-footnote-id=\"j4dy9\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Miep had haar werkplek in het voorkantoor, waar ook Bep en Kleiman zaten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j4dy9\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Behalve de Opekta Inlichtingendienst deed Miep administratief werk: de loonadministratie en het kasbankgiroboek vielen onder andere onder haar verantwoordelijkheid.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2abym\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Soms schakelde Miep Gies de onderduikers in om debiteurenlijsten en verkoopboeken door hen te laten bijwerken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5564e\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Na de arrestatie bleef ze samen met Bep op kantoor werken tot Kleimans terugkeer. Naar eigen zeggen was Miep Gies de enige die de bedrijfsactiviteiten in de tussentijd kon voortzetten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t9geb\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> <br />\r\n<br />\r\nEr is divers beeldmateriaal dat Mieps aanwezigheid bij Opekta documenteert:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>De foto van Miep met Otto Frank en Henk van Beusekom, <strong>september 1936</strong>, in het kantoor op Singel 400.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r4c3v\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>De foto van Miep met Henk van Beusekom, Isa Cauvern en Branca Boom (schoonzus van Miep Gies).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ryqv2\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>De foto van Miep met Isa Cauvern, Henk van Beusekom, Hetty Levie en Victor Kugler op de stoep van Singel 400.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ue1s6\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Miep figureerde in de Opekta reclamefilm, waarin de jambereiding met Opekta vloeibaar werd getoond.<sup data-footnote-id=\"od3tz\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>De foto uit <strong>1941 </strong>van Miep met Victor Kugler, Bep Voskuijl, Pine Wuurman en Esther Troeder in het voorkantoor van Prinsengracht 263.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kbugw\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>De foto uit <strong>mei 1941 </strong>van Miep in het voorkantoor. Ze poseerde met Hermann van Pels, Esther Troeder en Bep Voskuijl.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ntf5k\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Eveneens gedateerd <strong>mei 1941 </strong>is de foto van Miep met Bep Voskuijl en Pine Wuurman aan de waterkant.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5kr4k\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Ter gelegenheid van Mieps huwelijk met Jan Gies op <strong>16 juli 1941 </strong>werd in het Opekta kantoor een feestje gevierd. Daarbij werden enkele foto’s gemaakt, zowel binnen als buiten voor de deur.<sup data-footnote-id=\"aw45a\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>De foto uit <strong>1945 </strong>van Miep met andere helpers en Otto Frank in het voorkantoor.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f2b3x\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Miep nam in de zomer van <strong>1947 </strong>zelf ontslag bij Opekta. Ze vond dat ze aan haar huishouden met drie mannen (Jan, Otto Frank en Ab Cauvern) een dagtaak had: '<em>Ik was niet langer het jonge meisje dat via haar werk vrijheid en onafhankelijkheid zocht.</em>'<sup data-footnote-id=\"b4edr\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hu0nu\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Santrouschitz: Transcriptie Vreemdelingenkaart H. Santrouschitz, Notitie 3 augustus 1935.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j4dy9\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Miep Gies, Interview 1992, deel 1. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2abym\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Verklaring E. van Wijk-Voskuijl, voor RIOD, 27 februari 1981.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5564e\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 30 september 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk,</em> Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t9geb\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 199-203.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r4c3v\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Opekta_III_002.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ryqv2\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_003. Branca komt in 1935 bij Opekta en trouwt in augustus 1936. Na haar huwelijk gaat ze weg. AFS, Getuigenarchief, Boom.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ue1s6\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_007. Opekta betrok Singel 400 eind 1934; Henk van Beusekom werkte er tot 7 januari 1938. In die periode moet de foto zijn gemaakt.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"od3tz\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_IV_001. De film is gedateerd 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kbugw\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_008. De datering staat in Beps handschrift achterop.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ntf5k\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_009. In Beps handschrift staat achterop 1940. Het bijschrift in de Museale Collectie zegt 1941.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5kr4k\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Digitale fotoollectie, Als deze en de vorige allebei uit mei 1941 zijn, dan in ieder geval verschillende dagen: Miep draagt andere kleren.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"aw45a\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Digitale fotocollectie.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f2b3x\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_011.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b4edr\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gies & Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank</em>, p. 235.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>According to the Register of Foreign Nationals, Miep worked at Opekta from <strong>16 October 1933</strong>, after more than ten months of unemployment. She earned NLG 15 per week.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hu0nu\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> By her own account, she was put to work on jam preparation the first day and spent at least a month working with all kinds of recipes. When she had mastered this, she was put on the phone to help solve problems<em> </em>(Opekta information department)<em> </em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j4dy9\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Besides the Opekta information department, Miep Gies did administrative work: her responsibilities included payroll and the bank giro cash book.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2abym\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Sometimes Miep Gies got the people in hiding to update debtors' lists and sales books.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5564e\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nMiep had her workplace in the front office, where Bep and Kleiman were also working.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j4dy9\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>After the arrest, she and Bep continued to work in the office until Kleiman's return, and according to her, Miep Gies was the only one able to continue the business activities in the meantime.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t9geb\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nThere are photos and video material documenting Miep's presence at Opekta:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The photo of Miep with Otto Frank and Henk van Beusekom, <strong>September 1936</strong>, in the office at Singel 400.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r4c3v\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The photo of Miep with Henk van Beusekom, Isa Cauvern and Branca Boom (sister-in-law of Miep Gies).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ryqv2\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The photo of Miep with Isa Cauvern, Henk van Beusekom, Hetty Levie and Victor Kugler on the pavement of Singel 400.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ue1s6\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Miep figured in the Opekta advertising film, which showed jam preparation using Opekta liquid.<sup data-footnote-id=\"od3tz\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The <strong>1941 </strong>photo of Miep with Victor Kugler, Bep Voskuijl, Pine Wuurman and Esther Troeder in the front office of Prinsengracht 263.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kbugw\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The <strong>May 1941 </strong>photo of Miep in the front office. She posed with Hermann van Pels, Esther Troeder and Bep Voskuijl.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ntf5k\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Also from <strong>May 1941 </strong>is the photo of Miep with Bep Voskuijl and Pine Wuurman at the waterfront.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5kr4k\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>On the occasion of Miep's marriage to Jan Gies on <strong>16 July 1941</strong>, a party was held at the Opekta office. Some photos were taken during this, both inside and outside in front of the door.<sup data-footnote-id=\"aw45a\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The <strong>1945 </strong>photo of Miep with other helpers and Otto Frank in the front office.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f2b3x\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Miep herself resigned from Opekta in the summer of <strong>1947</strong>. She felt that running a household with three men (Jan, Otto Frank and Ab Cauvern) was already a full-time job: "I was no longer the young girl searching for freedom and independence through her work."<sup data-footnote-id=\"b4edr\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hu0nu\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Santrouschitz: Transcriptie Vreemdelingenkaart H. Santrouschitz, Notitie 3 augustus 1935.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j4dy9\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Miep Gies, Interview 1992, deel 1. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2abym\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Verklaring E. van Wijk-Voskuijl, voor RIOD, 27 februari 1981.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5564e\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 30 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>; transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t9geb\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 199-203.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r4c3v\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Opekta_III_002.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ryqv2\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_003. Branca komt in 1935 bij Opekta en trouwt in augustus 1936. Na haar huwelijk gaat ze weg. AFS, Getuigenarchief, Boom.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ue1s6\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_007. Opekta betrok Singel 400 eind 1934; Henk van Beusekom werkte er tot 7 januari 1938. In die periode moet de foto zijn gemaakt.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"od3tz\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_IV_001. De film is gedateerd 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kbugw\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_008. De datering staat in Beps handschrift achterop.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ntf5k\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_009. In Beps handschrift staat achterop 1940. Het bijschrift in de Museale Collectie zegt 1941.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5kr4k\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Digitale fotocollectie. Als deze en de vorige allebei uit mei 1941 zijn, dan in ieder geval verschillende dagen: Miep draagt andere kleren.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"aw45a\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Digitale fotocollectie.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f2b3x\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_011.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b4edr\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gies & Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank</em>, p. 235.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": "1933-10-16",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "From 16 October 1933, Miep Gies worked at Opekta.",
"summary_nl": "Vanaf 16 oktober 1933 werkte Miep Gies bij Opekta.",
"summary_en": "From 16 October 1933, Miep Gies worked at Opekta.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
],
"subjects": [
{
"id": 396124419,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/f10c5572-ef2e-4ba0-995d-57828a30f7bd/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "f10c5572-ef2e-4ba0-995d-57828a30f7bd",
"name": "Businesses",
"name_nl": "Bedrijven",
"name_en": "Businesses",
"description": "<p>The objective of businesses is to sell products and/or services to customers, thereby generating revenue.</p>",
"description_nl": "<p>Bedrijven hebben tot doel producten en/of diensten te verkopen aan klanten, waardoor omzet kan worden gedraaid.</p>",
"description_en": "<p>The objective of businesses is to sell products and/or services to customers, thereby generating revenue.</p>",
"summary": "Businesses aim to sell products and/or services to customers, thereby generating revenue.",
"summary_nl": "Bedrijven hebben tot doel producten en/of diensten te verkopen aan klanten, waardoor omzet kan worden gedraaid.",
"summary_en": "Businesses aim to sell products and/or services to customers, thereby generating revenue.",
"same_as": [
"https://data.niod.nl/WO2_Thesaurus/2210"
],
"parent": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 396124430,
"image": {
"id": 1242,
"uuid": "6c5f68b7-5a1a-4a7a-b9f1-9516a7e72cbd",
"name": "A_Opekta_II_006",
"title": "Affiche voor producten van Opekta, niet gedateerd.",
"alt": "Fotograaf: Harold Strak. Fotocollectie Anne Frank Stichting Amsterdam.",
"url": "https://images.memorix.nl/anf/thumb/1920x1080/282deced-6747-3864-41d9-22f0358549da.jpg",
"path": null,
"filetype": "image",
"description": "",
"author": "De collectie kan worden ingezet voor het publiek",
"copyright": "Publiek Domein"
},
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/60372a46-0754-4cde-8460-8c2a436b879d/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "60372a46-0754-4cde-8460-8c2a436b879d",
"name": "Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij N.V.",
"name_nl": "Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij N.V.",
"name_en": "Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij N.V.",
"description": "<h1>Founding</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>1928</strong>, Austrian chemist Robert Feix<sup data-footnote-id=\"tuevc\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> developed a natural binder that was applicable for household use. He gave it the trade name Opekta, which stands for <em>Obstpektin aus dem Apfel</em>, or fruit pectin from the apple. Making jam yourself could be shortened from many hours to 10 minutes with this pectin.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8xr3d\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Feix set up Opekta GmbH in Cologne and was linked to the food group <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/682b32b1-3644-4f92-b5e4-bd2827cdd5d4/\" target=\"_self\">Pomosin</a>, which took up production. The Pomosin representative in the Netherlands wanted to divest itself of Opekta imports. This gave Otto Frank the opportunity to set up his own branch here.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k4j7u\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> On <strong>4 July 1933</strong>, he organised the first of many demonstrations in Heerlen, where Opekta had a local depot.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jzck4\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> The same month, Victor Kugler joined Opekta. Otto had the Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij NV registered with the Chamber of Commerce on <strong>15 September 1933</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7v66v\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>To start the company, Otto Frank borrowed 15,000 guilders from his brother-in-law Erich Elias on <strong>5 August 1933</strong>. His shares served as collateral for this. He also paid two and a half per cent of his turnover as a licence and undertook to buy all Pomosin's pectin. Erich Elias was managing director of Rovag, a Swiss-based Pomosin subsidiary that was to enable Opekta branches in several European countries.<sup data-footnote-id=\"be906\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> When Elias was forced to leave in <strong>1939</strong> as a result of increasing National Socialist influence on Pomosin's leadership, the debt passed to his successor Max Tosin.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o3aaq\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Dutch company was housed in the modern Candida office building at Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 120-126 in Amsterdam city centre.<sup data-footnote-id=\"fkvq3\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Here Ottto Frank worked together with Victor Kugler to build up the business. On <strong>16 October 1933</strong>, Miep Gies (then Santrouschitz) and Henk van Beusekom joined Opekta.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0h5wv\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> After the summer season of <strong>1934</strong>, Opekta moved to the nearby address Singel 400. Here there was slightly more space, but it remained necessary to rent external storage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o3aaq\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Dutch Opekta also controlled the British <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/c71c876d-c80e-4997-976c-d99d966a3e68/\" target=\"_self\">Applam Fruit Company</a> in Somerset. Applam was also part of the Pomosin group and went into liquidation in <strong>1935</strong>. Otto Frank later undertook a restart attempt, but this failed.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>To promote its products, Opekta regularly attended trade fairs. The company placed advertisements in newspapers, published its own recipe booklets and published its own newspaper at least twice: <em>Opekta Nieuws</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"se2us\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> In the summer of <strong>1936</strong>, a promotion was organised in collaboration with newspaper <em>De Telegraaf</em>, where participants could win a free Opekta preserving package.<sup data-footnote-id=\"htfzs\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> From <strong>January 1938</strong>, film screenings were also organised across the country, showing a more than 10-minute commercial film. In it, the use of liquid Opekta is demonstrated by Miep Gies and it also features employee Isa Monas.<sup data-footnote-id=\"fwc2d\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>During the war</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In late <strong>1940</strong>, Otto Frank moved into the vacant Prinsengracht 263 building with his other company <a href=\"http://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/c3233be2-3492-455a-94e0-74b662bf1976/\" target=\"_self\">Pectacon</a>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o3aaq\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Opekta moved with it, with Pectacon bearing the costs. With the entire building available, space problems were a thing of the past. The ground floor housed Pectacon's machinery, including two heavy spice mills. The rooms on the first floor were used as offices. The second floor functioned as storage for both companies. The third floor of the back house initially housed a laboratory where tests for Opekta's jam-making took place.<sup data-footnote-id=\"x4qwz\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Shortly before this move, the German <em>Wirtschaftsprüfstelle</em> got involved in the 'arisation' of Dutch business. Because of its Jewish director Otto Frank, this included Opekta. In the shareholders' meeting of <strong>12 December 1941</strong>, Otto Frank stepped down as managing director in favour of Johannes Kleiman. His other company Pectacon, he had earlier transferred to Victor Kugler and Jan Gies and had been replaced by <a href=\"http://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/b2254eb9-cc97-4f61-8c16-566f80f4eecf/\" target=\"_self\">Gies & Co</a>, thus seeking to present both companies as non-Jewish property. Legal adviser Ton Dunselman, associated with Opekta since <strong>1935</strong>, took Frank's shares into custody until the <em>Wirtschafstprüfstelle</em> and creditor Tosin approved their sale.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o3aaq\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> That issue got shelved and after his return from Auschwitz, Otto Frank got them back. The shareholders welcomed him back at their meeting on <strong>25 June 1945</strong>. They awarded him compensation of 4800 guilders. After all, he had resigned in <strong>1941</strong> in the interests of the firm and had thus made 'great monetary sacrifices'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1mj5i\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Opekta came under the management of parent company Pomosin during the occupation. Sugar shortages and acts of war - thirty thousand Opekta bottles were lost in a bombing raid on Cologne - adversely affected results. Interference from Frankfurt brought further tension and unrest. On several occasions, representatives of the Pomosin management came to Prinsengracht 263 for business meetings. Otto Frank, while in hiding, took part in their preparations. Anne Frank describes in her diary how on one occasion, lying with his ear to the floor, he quietly listened in on the meeting in the private office below their hiding place in the annex.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ir8xb\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/7d9879d7-46de-4a25-8d5e-1d639892c140/\" target=\"_self\">After the <strong>4 August 1944</strong> raid, the Opekta and Gies & Co. firms</a> were left without management. Because, besides the eight people in hiding, their helpers Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman were also arrested. The three other helpers Miep and Jan Gies and Bep Voskuijl continued running the business together with the warehouse staff. Johannes Kleiman was released from Camp Amersfoort on <strong>18 September 1944</strong> and then returned to the office. It was not until after the liberation that Otto Frank and Victor Kugler also returned.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Post-war</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In the post-war years, Opekta was still not always doing well. In the <strong>mid-1950s</strong>, the company left its badly run-down building on Prinsengracht and settled in new premises on Van Slingelandstraat in the <em>Staatsliedenbuurt</em> neighbourhood in Amsterdam's West district. Opekta remained active and tried to find larger customers at well-known chocolate factories. On the initiative of Johannes Kleiman, the new pectin product Supec entered the market. During the <strong>1950s</strong>, Opekta faced competition from a pectin manufacturer in Denmark and lost a large share of the market partly as a result. Otto Frank and Johannes Kleiman spent years negotiating with the sister company in Cologne to take over their shares. The time had come in <strong>1959</strong>, but in January that year Johannes Kleiman died unexpectedly at his desk. Led from Cologne, Opekta continued to work in Amsterdam until the <strong>1980s</strong>. The entire Opekta conglomerate merged into the Dr Oetker concern.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k4j7u\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Addresses</em>:<strong> </strong>Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 120-126, Amsterdam (1933-'34);<sup data-footnote-id=\"fkvq3\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Singel 400 (1934-'40);<sup data-footnote-id=\"ym7ql\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup> Prinsengracht 263 (1940-'55);<sup data-footnote-id=\"o3aaq\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-5\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Van Slingelandtstraat 8–10 (1955-'62);<sup data-footnote-id=\"rn1j6\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup> Van Slingelandtstraat 2 (1962-'87).<sup data-footnote-id=\"jkw14\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tuevc\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Feix\" target=\"_blank\">Robert Feix</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8xr3d\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opekta\" target=\"_blank\">Opekta</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k4j7u\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opekta\" target=\"_blank\">Opekta Amsterdam</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jzck4\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010929903:mpeg21:a0021\" target=\"_blank\">"Uitnoodiging voor de Opekta-demonstratie"</a>, <em>Limburgsch Dagblad</em>, 3 juli 1933, p. 4.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7v66v\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD, toegang 292, Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij NV, inv.nr. 1: inschrijving handelsregister.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"be906\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, toegang 2.09.16, Nederlandse Beheersinstituut (NBI), inv.nr. 134994, Beheer over de NV Opekta Maatschappij: afschrift brief Otto Frank aan Erich Elias, 5 augustus 1933.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"o3aaq\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-4\">d</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-5\">e</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies: toegang 292, Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij, N.V., <a href=\"http://www.archieven.nl/nl/zoeken?mivast=0&mizig=210&miadt=298&miaet=1&micode=292&minr=1024155&miview=inv2#inv3t3\">Bedrijfsgeschiedenis</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fkvq3\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Adresboeken, toegang 30274, <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/e1b49c5d-3576-e716-85fd-e374ed7ecddf\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Algemeen adresboek der stad Amsterdam</em></a><em><a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/e1b49c5d-3576-e716-85fd-e374ed7ecddf\"> 1933-1934</a>.</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0h5wv\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, toegang 5225, inv. nr. 4068: <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/640b85a1-478b-3c70-627d-f0d801030fe9\" target=\"_blank\">vreemdelingenkaart H. Santrouschitz</a>, notitie 3 augustus 1935; Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Opekta_I_011: Getuigschrift voor de "Heer J.H.G. V. Beusekom", 3 januari 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"se2us\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Opekta_VI_001; A_Opekta_VI_006.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"htfzs\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Advertentie <a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:110577048:mpeg21:a0125\" target=\"_blank\">"Surpriseweek"</a>, <em>De Telegraaf</em>, 27 juni 1936.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fwc2d\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_IV_001a.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"x4qwz\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bouw- en Woningtoezicht; afdeling Hinderwet- en Milieuzaken, toegang 30533: dossier 24799 betreffende Hinderwetvergunning Prinsengracht 263, 1941-1978.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1mj5i\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD, toegang 292, Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij NV, inv.nr. 19: vergaderingen van aandeelhouders.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ir8xb\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek B, 1 april 1943, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ym7ql\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Telefoongidsen, toegang 30273, <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/e2769c35-3c41-5a9a-db6a-f85f495ddbbd\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Telefoongids voor Amsterdam</em>, 1934</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rn1j6\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem, <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/2549d27f-ccdb-954e-af8b-9f24e6882edf\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Telefoongids voor Amsterdam</em>, 1955</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jkw14\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem, <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/0d864a63-34ad-dc09-d346-7b4213ba471b\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Telefoongids voor Amsterdam</em>, 1962</a> en <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/a9cd7b15-ce44-3c0a-c0f9-5fc3c3dfc67a\" target=\"_blank\">1987</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<h1>Oprichting</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>1928</strong> ontwikkelde de Oostenrijkse scheikundige Robert Feix<sup data-footnote-id=\"fx21q\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> een natuurlijk bindmiddel dat toepasbaar was voor huishoudelijk gebruik. Hij gaf het de handelsnaam Opekta, wat staat voor <em>Obstpektin aus dem Apfel</em>, oftewel vruchtpectine uit de appel. Het zelf maken van jam kon met deze pectine worden verkort van vele uren tot tien minuten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dzr6a\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Feix vestigde zich met Opekta GmbH in Keulen en was verbonden aan het levensmiddelenconcern <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/nl/onderwerpen/682b32b1-3644-4f92-b5e4-bd2827cdd5d4/\" target=\"_self\">Pomosin</a>, dat de productie ter hand nam. De Pomosin-vertegenwoordiger in Nederland wilde de import van Opekta afstoten. Daardoor kreeg Otto Frank de kans hier een eigen vestiging op te zetten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8ktxv\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Op <strong>4 juli 1933</strong> organiseerde hij in Heerlen, waar Opekta een plaatselijk depot had, de eerste van vele demonstraties.<sup data-footnote-id=\"whx4d\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Dezelfde maand trad Victor Kugler bij Opekta in dienst. Otto liet de Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij NV op <strong>15 september 1933</strong> inschrijven bij de Kamer van Koophandel.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ieo3d\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Voor het starten van het bedrijf leende Otto Frank van zijn zwager Erich Elias op <strong>5 augustus 1933</strong> vijftienduizend gulden. Zijn aandelen dienden daarbij als onderpand. Verder betaalde hij twee en een half procent van zijn omzet als licentie en verplichtte hij zich alle pectine van Pomosin af te nemen. Erich Elias was directeur van Rovag, een in Zwitserland gevestigde Pomosin-dochteronderneming die Opekta-vestigingen in diverse Europese landen mogelijk moest maken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gm2zm\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Toen Elias in <strong>1939 </strong>als gevolg van toenemende nationaal-socialistische invloed op de leiding van Pomosin gedwongen moest vertrekken<strong>,</strong> ging de schuld over op zijn opvolger Max Tosin.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gdsuk\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Het Nederlandse bedrijf had onderdak in het moderne kantorengebouw Candida op Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 120-126 in de Amsterdamse binnenstad.<sup data-footnote-id=\"lyja1\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Hier werkte Ottto Frank met Victor Kugler aan de opbouw van de zaak. Op <strong>16 oktober 1933</strong> kwamen Miep Gies (toen nog Santrouschitz) en Henk van Beusekom bij Opekta in dienst.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xflfy\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> Na het zomerseizoen van <strong>1934 </strong>verhuisde Opekta naar het nabijgelegen adres Singel 400. Hier was iets meer ruimte, maar het bleef nodig om externe opslag te huren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gdsuk\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De Nederlandse Opekta had ook de controle over de Britse <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/nl/onderwerpen/c71c876d-c80e-4997-976c-d99d966a3e68/\" target=\"_self\">Applam Fruit Company</a> in Somerset. Ook Applam maakte deel uit van het Pomosin-concern en ging in <strong>1935 </strong>in liquidatie. Otto Frank ondernam later een poging tot doorstart, maar dit mislukte.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ter promotie van zijn producten was Opekta regelmatig te vinden op beursen. Het bedrijf plaatste advertenties in kranten, publiceerde eigen receptenboekjes en gaf minstens tweemaal een eigen krant uit: <em>Opekta Nieuws.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"gr8d4\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> In de zomer van <strong>1936 </strong>werd in samenwerking met <em>De Telegraaf </em>een actie georganiseerd, waarbij deelnemers een gratis Opekta-inmaakpakket konden winnen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8eoyr\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Ook werden er vanaf <strong>januari 1938 </strong>door het hele land filmvertoningen georganiseerd, waarbij een ruim tien minuten durende reclamefilm werd vertoond. Hierin wordt de werking van vloeibare Opekta door Miep Gies gedemonstreerd en figureert ook medewerkster Isa Monas.<sup data-footnote-id=\"v7zn8\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Oorlogsjaren</h1>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Eind 1940</strong> betrok Otto Frank met zijn andere onderneming <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/nl/onderwerpen/c3233be2-3492-455a-94e0-74b662bf1976/\" target=\"_self\">Pectacon</a> het leegstaande pand Prinsengracht 263.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gdsuk\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Opekta verhuisde mee, waarbij Pectacon de kosten droeg. Met het hele gebouw ter beschikking behoorden de ruimteproblemen tot het verleden. Op de begane grond stond het machinepark van Pectacon opgesteld, bestaande uit onder meer twee zware specerijenmolens. De ruimtes op de eerste verdieping werden gebruikt als kantoren. De tweede verdieping functioneerde als opslag voor beide bedrijven. Op de derde verdieping van het achterhuis was aanvankelijk een laboratorium ingericht waar proeven voor Opekta's jammakerij plaatsvonden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"p02qf\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Kort voor deze verhuizing ging de Duitse <em>Wirtschaftsprüfstelle</em> zich met de 'arisering' van het Nederlandse bedrijfsleven bezighouden. Vanwege de Joodse directeur Otto Frank, kwam daarbij ook Opekta in beeld. In de aandeelhoudersvergadering van <strong>12 december 1941</strong> trad Otto Frank als directeur terug ten gunste van Johannes Kleiman. Zijn andere onderneming Pectacon had hij eerder al overgedragen aan Victor Kugler en Jan Gies en was vervangen door <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/nl/onderwerpen/b2254eb9-cc97-4f61-8c16-566f80f4eecf/\" target=\"_self\">Gies & Co</a>. Zo wilde hij beide bedrijven als niet-Joods eigendom presenteren. Juridisch adviseur Ton Dunselman, sinds <strong>1935 </strong>aan Opekta verbonden, nam Franks aandelen in bewaring totdat de <em>Wirtschafstprüfstelle</em> en schuldeiser Tosin de verkoop ervan zouden goedkeuren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gdsuk\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Die kwestie raakte op de lange baan en na zijn terugkeer uit Auschwitz kreeg Otto Frank ze weer terug. De aandeelhouders verwelkomden hem terug in hun vergadering van <strong>25 juni 1945</strong>. Zij kenden hem een schadevergoeding van achtenveertighonderd gulden toe. Hij was tenslotte in <strong>1941</strong> in het belang van de firma teruggetreden en had zo 'groote geldelijke offers' gebracht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"lsnu2\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Opekta kwam tijdens de bezetting onder beheer van moedermaatschappij Pomosin te staan. Suikerschaarste en oorlogshandelingen - dertigduizend Opektaflesjes gingen verloren bij een bombardement op Keulen - waren van ongunstige invloed op de resultaten. De bemoeienissen vanuit Frankfurt brachten verdere spanning en onrust met zich mee. Verschillende keren kwamen vertegenwoordigers van de Pomosin-directie naar Prinsengracht 263 voor zakelijke besprekingen. Otto Frank nam, terwijl hij was ondergedoken, deel aan de voorbereidingen daarvan. Anne Frank beschrijft in haar dagboek hoe hij in een keer, liggend met zijn oor tegen de vloer, stilletjes meeluisterde met de vergadering in het privé-kantoor onder hun schuilplaats in het achterhuis.<sup data-footnote-id=\"12tc1\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De firma's <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/nl/onderwerpen/7d9879d7-46de-4a25-8d5e-1d639892c140/\" target=\"_self\">Opekta en Gies & Co. bleven na de inval op </a><strong><a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/nl/onderwerpen/7d9879d7-46de-4a25-8d5e-1d639892c140/\">4 augustus 1944</a> </strong>zonder directie achter. Naast de acht onderduikers werden namelijk ook hun helpers Victor Kugler en Johannes Kleiman gearresteerd. De drie andere helpers Miep en Jan Gies en Bep Voskuijl zetten de zaken samen met het magazijnpersoneel voort. Johannes Kleiman kwam op <strong>18 september 1944 </strong>vrij uit Kamp Amersfoort en keerde toen terug naar kantoor. Pas na de bevrijding keerden ook Otto Frank en Victor Kugler terug.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Naoorlogs</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In de naoorlogse jaren ging het nog steeds niet altijd goed met Opekta. <strong>Midden jaren vijftig</strong> verliet het bedrijf het sterk vervallen gebouw aan de Prinsengracht en streek neer in een nieuw bedrijfspand aan de Van Slingelandstraat in de Staatsliedenbuurt in Amsterdam-West. Opekta bleef actief en probeerde grotere afnemers te vinden bij bekende chocoladefabrieken. Met name op initiatief van Johannes Kleiman kwam het nieuwe pectineproduct Supec op de markt. In de loop van de jaren vijftig kreeg Opekta concurrentie te verduren van een pectinefabrikant in Denemarken en verloor mede daardoor een groot deel van de markt. Otto Frank en Johannes Kleiman onderhandelden jaren met het zusterbedrijf in Keulen over de overname van hun aandelen. In <strong>1959</strong> was het dan zover, maar in januari van dat jaar overleed onverwacht Johannes Kleiman achter zijn bureau. Onder leiding vanuit Keulen werkte Opekta in Amsterdam nog tot in de <strong>jaren tachtig</strong> voort. Het gehele Opekta-conglomeraat ging op in het concern Dr. Oetker.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8ktxv\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Adressen</em>:<strong> </strong>Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 120-126, Amsterdam (1933-'34);<sup data-footnote-id=\"lyja1\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Singel 400 (1934-'40);<sup data-footnote-id=\"suj4m\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup> Prinsengracht 263 (1940-'55);<sup data-footnote-id=\"gdsuk\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-5\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Van Slingelandtstraat 8–10 (1955-'62);<sup data-footnote-id=\"iwefo\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup> Van Slingelandtstraat 2 (1962-'87).<sup data-footnote-id=\"8w982\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fx21q\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Feix\" target=\"_blank\">Robert Feix</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dzr6a\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opekta\" target=\"_blank\">Opekta</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8ktxv\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opekta\" target=\"_blank\">Opekta Amsterdam</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"whx4d\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010929903:mpeg21:a0021\" target=\"_blank\">"Uitnoodiging voor de Opekta-demonstratie"</a>, <em>Limburgsch Dagblad</em>, 3 juli 1933, p. 4.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ieo3d\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD, toegang 292, Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij NV, inv.nr. 1: inschrijving handelsregister.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gm2zm\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, toegang 2.09.16, Nederlandse Beheersinstituut (NBI), inv.nr. 134994, Beheer over de NV Opekta Maatschappij: afschrift brief Otto Frank aan Erich Elias, 5 augustus 1933.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gdsuk\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-4\">d</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-5\">e</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies: toegang 292, Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij, N.V., <a href=\"http://www.archieven.nl/nl/zoeken?mivast=0&mizig=210&miadt=298&miaet=1&micode=292&minr=1024155&miview=inv2#inv3t3\" target=\"_blank\">Bedrijfsgeschiedenis</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lyja1\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Adresboeken, toegang 30274, <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/e1b49c5d-3576-e716-85fd-e374ed7ecddf\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Algemeen adresboek der stad Amsterdam</em></a><em><a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/e1b49c5d-3576-e716-85fd-e374ed7ecddf\"> 1933-1934</a>.</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xflfy\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, toegang 5225, inv. nr. 4068: <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/640b85a1-478b-3c70-627d-f0d801030fe9\" target=\"_blank\">vreemdelingenkaart H. Santrouschitz</a>, notitie 3 augustus 1935; Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Opekta_I_011: Getuigschrift voor de "Heer J.H.G. V. Beusekom", 3 januari 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gr8d4\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Opekta_VI_001; A_Opekta_VI_006.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8eoyr\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Advertentie <a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:110577048:mpeg21:a0125\" target=\"_blank\">"Surpriseweek"</a>, <em>De Telegraaf</em>, 27 juni 1936.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"v7zn8\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_IV_001a.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"p02qf\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bouw- en Woningtoezicht; afdeling Hinderwet- en Milieuzaken, toegang 30533: dossier 24799 betreffende Hinderwetvergunning Prinsengracht 263, 1941-1978.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lsnu2\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD, toegang 292, Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij NV, inv.nr. 19: vergaderingen van aandeelhouders.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"12tc1\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek B, 1 april 1943, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"suj4m\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Telefoongidsen, toegang 30273, <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/e2769c35-3c41-5a9a-db6a-f85f495ddbbd\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Telefoongids voor Amsterdam</em>, 1934</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"iwefo\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem, <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/2549d27f-ccdb-954e-af8b-9f24e6882edf\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Telefoongids voor Amsterdam</em>, 1955</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8w982\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem, <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/0d864a63-34ad-dc09-d346-7b4213ba471b\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Telefoongids voor Amsterdam</em>, 1962</a> en <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/a9cd7b15-ce44-3c0a-c0f9-5fc3c3dfc67a\" target=\"_blank\">1987</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<h1>Founding</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>1928</strong>, Austrian chemist Robert Feix<sup data-footnote-id=\"tuevc\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> developed a natural binder that was applicable for household use. He gave it the trade name Opekta, which stands for <em>Obstpektin aus dem Apfel</em>, or fruit pectin from the apple. Making jam yourself could be shortened from many hours to 10 minutes with this pectin.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8xr3d\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Feix set up Opekta GmbH in Cologne and was linked to the food group <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/682b32b1-3644-4f92-b5e4-bd2827cdd5d4/\" target=\"_self\">Pomosin</a>, which took up production. The Pomosin representative in the Netherlands wanted to divest itself of Opekta imports. This gave Otto Frank the opportunity to set up his own branch here.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k4j7u\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> On <strong>4 July 1933</strong>, he organised the first of many demonstrations in Heerlen, where Opekta had a local depot.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jzck4\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> The same month, Victor Kugler joined Opekta. Otto had the Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij NV registered with the Chamber of Commerce on <strong>15 September 1933</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7v66v\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>To start the company, Otto Frank borrowed 15,000 guilders from his brother-in-law Erich Elias on <strong>5 August 1933</strong>. His shares served as collateral for this. He also paid two and a half per cent of his turnover as a licence and undertook to buy all Pomosin's pectin. Erich Elias was managing director of Rovag, a Swiss-based Pomosin subsidiary that was to enable Opekta branches in several European countries.<sup data-footnote-id=\"be906\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> When Elias was forced to leave in <strong>1939</strong> as a result of increasing National Socialist influence on Pomosin's leadership, the debt passed to his successor Max Tosin.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o3aaq\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Dutch company was housed in the modern Candida office building at Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 120-126 in Amsterdam city centre.<sup data-footnote-id=\"fkvq3\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Here Ottto Frank worked together with Victor Kugler to build up the business. On <strong>16 October 1933</strong>, Miep Gies (then Santrouschitz) and Henk van Beusekom joined Opekta.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0h5wv\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> After the summer season of <strong>1934</strong>, Opekta moved to the nearby address Singel 400. Here there was slightly more space, but it remained necessary to rent external storage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o3aaq\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Dutch Opekta also controlled the British <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/c71c876d-c80e-4997-976c-d99d966a3e68/\" target=\"_self\">Applam Fruit Company</a> in Somerset. Applam was also part of the Pomosin group and went into liquidation in <strong>1935</strong>. Otto Frank later undertook a restart attempt, but this failed.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>To promote its products, Opekta regularly attended trade fairs. The company placed advertisements in newspapers, published its own recipe booklets and published its own newspaper at least twice: <em>Opekta Nieuws</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"se2us\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> In the summer of <strong>1936</strong>, a promotion was organised in collaboration with newspaper <em>De Telegraaf</em>, where participants could win a free Opekta preserving package.<sup data-footnote-id=\"htfzs\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> From <strong>January 1938</strong>, film screenings were also organised across the country, showing a more than 10-minute commercial film. In it, the use of liquid Opekta is demonstrated by Miep Gies and it also features employee Isa Monas.<sup data-footnote-id=\"fwc2d\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>During the war</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In late <strong>1940</strong>, Otto Frank moved into the vacant Prinsengracht 263 building with his other company <a href=\"http://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/c3233be2-3492-455a-94e0-74b662bf1976/\" target=\"_self\">Pectacon</a>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o3aaq\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Opekta moved with it, with Pectacon bearing the costs. With the entire building available, space problems were a thing of the past. The ground floor housed Pectacon's machinery, including two heavy spice mills. The rooms on the first floor were used as offices. The second floor functioned as storage for both companies. The third floor of the back house initially housed a laboratory where tests for Opekta's jam-making took place.<sup data-footnote-id=\"x4qwz\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Shortly before this move, the German <em>Wirtschaftsprüfstelle</em> got involved in the 'arisation' of Dutch business. Because of its Jewish director Otto Frank, this included Opekta. In the shareholders' meeting of <strong>12 December 1941</strong>, Otto Frank stepped down as managing director in favour of Johannes Kleiman. His other company Pectacon, he had earlier transferred to Victor Kugler and Jan Gies and had been replaced by <a href=\"http://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/b2254eb9-cc97-4f61-8c16-566f80f4eecf/\" target=\"_self\">Gies & Co</a>, thus seeking to present both companies as non-Jewish property. Legal adviser Ton Dunselman, associated with Opekta since <strong>1935</strong>, took Frank's shares into custody until the <em>Wirtschafstprüfstelle</em> and creditor Tosin approved their sale.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o3aaq\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> That issue got shelved and after his return from Auschwitz, Otto Frank got them back. The shareholders welcomed him back at their meeting on <strong>25 June 1945</strong>. They awarded him compensation of 4800 guilders. After all, he had resigned in <strong>1941</strong> in the interests of the firm and had thus made 'great monetary sacrifices'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1mj5i\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Opekta came under the management of parent company Pomosin during the occupation. Sugar shortages and acts of war - thirty thousand Opekta bottles were lost in a bombing raid on Cologne - adversely affected results. Interference from Frankfurt brought further tension and unrest. On several occasions, representatives of the Pomosin management came to Prinsengracht 263 for business meetings. Otto Frank, while in hiding, took part in their preparations. Anne Frank describes in her diary how on one occasion, lying with his ear to the floor, he quietly listened in on the meeting in the private office below their hiding place in the annex.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ir8xb\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/7d9879d7-46de-4a25-8d5e-1d639892c140/\" target=\"_self\">After the <strong>4 August 1944</strong> raid, the Opekta and Gies & Co. firms</a> were left without management. Because, besides the eight people in hiding, their helpers Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman were also arrested. The three other helpers Miep and Jan Gies and Bep Voskuijl continued running the business together with the warehouse staff. Johannes Kleiman was released from Camp Amersfoort on <strong>18 September 1944</strong> and then returned to the office. It was not until after the liberation that Otto Frank and Victor Kugler also returned.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Post-war</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In the post-war years, Opekta was still not always doing well. In the <strong>mid-1950s</strong>, the company left its badly run-down building on Prinsengracht and settled in new premises on Van Slingelandstraat in the <em>Staatsliedenbuurt</em> neighbourhood in Amsterdam's West district. Opekta remained active and tried to find larger customers at well-known chocolate factories. On the initiative of Johannes Kleiman, the new pectin product Supec entered the market. During the <strong>1950s</strong>, Opekta faced competition from a pectin manufacturer in Denmark and lost a large share of the market partly as a result. Otto Frank and Johannes Kleiman spent years negotiating with the sister company in Cologne to take over their shares. The time had come in <strong>1959</strong>, but in January that year Johannes Kleiman died unexpectedly at his desk. Led from Cologne, Opekta continued to work in Amsterdam until the <strong>1980s</strong>. The entire Opekta conglomerate merged into the Dr Oetker concern.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k4j7u\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Addresses</em>:<strong> </strong>Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 120-126, Amsterdam (1933-'34);<sup data-footnote-id=\"fkvq3\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Singel 400 (1934-'40);<sup data-footnote-id=\"ym7ql\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup> Prinsengracht 263 (1940-'55);<sup data-footnote-id=\"o3aaq\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-5\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Van Slingelandtstraat 8–10 (1955-'62);<sup data-footnote-id=\"rn1j6\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup> Van Slingelandtstraat 2 (1962-'87).<sup data-footnote-id=\"jkw14\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tuevc\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Feix\" target=\"_blank\">Robert Feix</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8xr3d\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opekta\" target=\"_blank\">Opekta</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k4j7u\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opekta\" target=\"_blank\">Opekta Amsterdam</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jzck4\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010929903:mpeg21:a0021\" target=\"_blank\">"Uitnoodiging voor de Opekta-demonstratie"</a>, <em>Limburgsch Dagblad</em>, 3 juli 1933, p. 4.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7v66v\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD, toegang 292, Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij NV, inv.nr. 1: inschrijving handelsregister.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"be906\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, toegang 2.09.16, Nederlandse Beheersinstituut (NBI), inv.nr. 134994, Beheer over de NV Opekta Maatschappij: afschrift brief Otto Frank aan Erich Elias, 5 augustus 1933.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"o3aaq\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-4\">d</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-5\">e</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies: toegang 292, Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij, N.V., <a href=\"http://www.archieven.nl/nl/zoeken?mivast=0&mizig=210&miadt=298&miaet=1&micode=292&minr=1024155&miview=inv2#inv3t3\">Bedrijfsgeschiedenis</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fkvq3\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Adresboeken, toegang 30274, <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/e1b49c5d-3576-e716-85fd-e374ed7ecddf\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Algemeen adresboek der stad Amsterdam</em></a><em><a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/e1b49c5d-3576-e716-85fd-e374ed7ecddf\"> 1933-1934</a>.</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0h5wv\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, toegang 5225, inv. nr. 4068: <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/640b85a1-478b-3c70-627d-f0d801030fe9\" target=\"_blank\">vreemdelingenkaart H. Santrouschitz</a>, notitie 3 augustus 1935; Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Opekta_I_011: Getuigschrift voor de "Heer J.H.G. V. Beusekom", 3 januari 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"se2us\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Opekta_VI_001; A_Opekta_VI_006.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"htfzs\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Advertentie <a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:110577048:mpeg21:a0125\" target=\"_blank\">"Surpriseweek"</a>, <em>De Telegraaf</em>, 27 juni 1936.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fwc2d\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_IV_001a.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"x4qwz\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bouw- en Woningtoezicht; afdeling Hinderwet- en Milieuzaken, toegang 30533: dossier 24799 betreffende Hinderwetvergunning Prinsengracht 263, 1941-1978.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1mj5i\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD, toegang 292, Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij NV, inv.nr. 19: vergaderingen van aandeelhouders.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ir8xb\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek B, 1 april 1943, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ym7ql\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Telefoongidsen, toegang 30273, <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/e2769c35-3c41-5a9a-db6a-f85f495ddbbd\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Telefoongids voor Amsterdam</em>, 1934</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rn1j6\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem, <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/2549d27f-ccdb-954e-af8b-9f24e6882edf\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Telefoongids voor Amsterdam</em>, 1955</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jkw14\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ibidem, <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/0d864a63-34ad-dc09-d346-7b4213ba471b\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Telefoongids voor Amsterdam</em>, 1962</a> en <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/a9cd7b15-ce44-3c0a-c0f9-5fc3c3dfc67a\" target=\"_blank\">1987</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij N.V. was part of the Frankfurt am Main-based Pomosin group and was an initiative of Otto Frank.",
"summary_nl": "De Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij N.V. maakte deel uit van het Pomosin-concern uit Frankfurt am Main en was een initiatief van Otto Frank.",
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"summary": "First office of \"Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij N.V.\" and \"Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie\" in Candida building, Amsterdam.",
"summary_nl": "Eerste kantoor van \"Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij N.V.\" en \"Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie\" in gebouw Candida, Amsterdam.",
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"name": "Otto Frank rents a room in Amsterdam",
"name_nl": "Otto Frank huurt een kamer in Amsterdam",
"name_en": "Otto Frank rents a room in Amsterdam",
"content": "<p>In <strong>July 1933</strong> Otto Frank started his Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij. On the fourth of that month the first demonstration of the new company's product took place in Heerlen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kds86\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> A few weeks later, on <strong>16 August</strong>, he formally moved to Amsterdam, where he initially occupied a room in the house of Marianne van Buren, a lodger on Stadionkade. On <strong>5 December</strong> he and Edith moved into the house at Merwedeplein 37-II.<sup data-footnote-id=\"iigse\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kds86\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010929903:mpeg21:a0021\" target=\"_blank\">"Uitnoodiging voor de Opekta-demonstratie"</a>, <em>Limburgsch Dagblad</em>, 3 juli 1933, p. 4.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"iigse\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/98533401-308a-56a3-e053-b784100ade19\" target=\"_blank\">Archiefkaart Otto Heinrich Frank</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>In <strong>juli 1933</strong> startte Otto Frank zijn Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij. Op de vierde van die maand vond in Heerlen de eerste demonstratie van het product van het nieuwe bedrijf plaats.<sup data-footnote-id=\"oqica\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Enkele weken later, op <strong>16 augustus</strong>, vestigde hij zich formeel in Amsterdam, waar hij aanvankelijk een kamer in het huis van kamerverhuurster Marianne van Buren aan de Stadionkade bewoonde. Op <strong>5 december</strong> betrok hij met Edith de woning Merwedeplein 37-II.<sup data-footnote-id=\"zkp3j\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oqica\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010929903:mpeg21:a0021\" target=\"_blank\">"Uitnoodiging voor de Opekta-demonstratie"</a>, <em>Limburgsch Dagblad</em>, 3 juli 1933, p. 4.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zkp3j\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/98533401-308a-56a3-e053-b784100ade19\" target=\"_blank\">Archiefkaart Otto Heinrich Frank</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>In <strong>July 1933</strong> Otto Frank started his Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij. On the fourth of that month the first demonstration of the new company's product took place in Heerlen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kds86\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> A few weeks later, on <strong>16 August</strong>, he formally moved to Amsterdam, where he initially occupied a room in the house of Marianne van Buren, a lodger on Stadionkade. On <strong>5 December</strong> he and Edith moved into the house at Merwedeplein 37-II.<sup data-footnote-id=\"iigse\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kds86\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010929903:mpeg21:a0021\" target=\"_blank\">"Uitnoodiging voor de Opekta-demonstratie"</a>, <em>Limburgsch Dagblad</em>, 3 juli 1933, p. 4.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"iigse\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/98533401-308a-56a3-e053-b784100ade19\" target=\"_blank\">Archiefkaart Otto Heinrich Frank</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1933-08-16",
"date_end": "1933-12-05",
"summary": "Otto Frank lived in a room in Amsterdam for some time to prepare for his family's new life.",
"summary_nl": "Otto Frank woonde enige tijd op een kamer in Amsterdam om het nieuwe bestaan van zijn gezin voor te bereiden.",
"summary_en": "Otto Frank lived in a room in Amsterdam for some time to prepare for his family's new life.",
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"uuid": "d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645",
"name": "Accommodation",
"name_nl": "Verblijf",
"name_en": "Accommodation",
"description": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"description_nl": "<p>Onder verblijf wordt verstaan een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.</p>",
"description_en": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"summary": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"summary_nl": "Verblijf is een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.",
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"summary": "Address of Otto Frank in Amsterdam in 1933.",
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"uuid": "4bee3012-f5c2-4896-a55c-5f4faeb9fc6d",
"name": "A_AFrank_III_026",
"title": "Anne Frank kijkt uit het raam van Merwedeplein 37-II, Amsterdam, 22 juli 1941",
"alt": "Vervaardiger onbekend. Fotocollectie Anne Frank Stichting, Amsterdam",
"url": "https://images.memorix.nl/anf/thumb/1920x1080/1dd17715-9779-a5ab-2daa-8af16c4caab1.jpg",
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"description": "Twee stills (filmbeelden) uit de huwelijksfilm van het echtpaar Van Kalken-Burger waarbij Anne uit het raam kijkt. In handschrift Otto Frank (?) aan de achterkant: 'Hochzeit Kalken-Burger Merwedeplein 37' 22 juli 1941. Het beeld is gespiegeld. De film is gemaakt op 22 juli 1941, toen het buurmeisje van Merwedeplein 39-II van de Franks, Tine Burger, in het huwelijk trad met Van Kalken.",
"author": "De collectie kan worden ingezet voor het publiek",
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"name": "The Frank family lives at Merwedeplein",
"name_nl": "De familie Frank woont op het Merwedeplein in Amsterdam",
"name_en": "The Frank family lives at Merwedeplein",
"content": "<p>Otto Frank was registered at Merwedeplein from <strong>5 December 1933</strong>, and the rest of his family from <strong>7 December</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kfix7\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> However, it was not until <strong>mid-February</strong> that they were all reunited in their new home.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In a letter from <strong>November</strong>, addressed to a former neighbour from Frankfurt, Otto wrote that they had found a house.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1mtsw\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> From <strong>spring 1934</strong> on, a number of household helps, subtenants, relatives and acquaintances lived with the family for shorter or longer periods. From <strong>24 March 1939 </strong>to <strong>29 January 1942</strong>, Edith's mother, <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/803597b3-a883-402c-874f-f8e78a843fc5/\" target=\"_blank\">Rosalie Holländer-Stern</a>, lived with the family.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kfix7\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445), inv. nr. 230: Woningkaart Merwedeplein 37-II</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1mtsw\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief: Trenz-Neumann, Gertrud, reg.code A_Getuigen_I_081, A_Getuigen_I_083, A_Getuigen_I_084.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Vanaf <strong>5 december 1933 </strong>was Otto Frank op het Merwedeplein ingeschreven, de rest van zijn gezin vanaf de zevende.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kfix7\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Het duurde echter nog tot <strong>midden februari</strong> voordat allen daadwerkelijk in de nieuwe woning herenigd waren.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In een brief uit <strong>november</strong>, gericht aan een vroeger buurmeisje uit Frankfurt, schreef Otto dat zij een woning hadden gevonden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1mtsw\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Vanaf het <strong>voorjaar van 1934</strong> woonden er achtereenvolgens nog een aantal huishoudelijke hulpen, onderhuurder, familieleden en bekenden korter of langer bij het gezin. Van <strong>24 maart 1939</strong> tot <strong>29 januari 1942</strong> woonde Ediths moeder, <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/nl/personen/803597b3-a883-402c-874f-f8e78a843fc5/\" target=\"_blank\">Rosalie Holländer-Stern</a>, bij het gezin.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kfix7\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445), inv. nr. 230: Woningkaart Merwedeplein 37-II</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1mtsw\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief: Trenz-Neumann, Gertrud, reg.code A_Getuigen_I_081, A_Getuigen_I_083, A_Getuigen_I_084.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Otto Frank was registered at Merwedeplein from <strong>5 December 1933</strong>, and the rest of his family from <strong>7 December</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kfix7\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> However, it was not until <strong>mid-February</strong> that they were all reunited in their new home.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In a letter from <strong>November</strong>, addressed to a former neighbour from Frankfurt, Otto wrote that they had found a house.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1mtsw\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> From <strong>spring 1934</strong> on, a number of household helps, subtenants, relatives and acquaintances lived with the family for shorter or longer periods. From <strong>24 March 1939 </strong>to <strong>29 January 1942</strong>, Edith's mother, <a href=\"https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/803597b3-a883-402c-874f-f8e78a843fc5/\" target=\"_blank\">Rosalie Holländer-Stern</a>, lived with the family.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kfix7\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445), inv. nr. 230: Woningkaart Merwedeplein 37-II</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1mtsw\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief: Trenz-Neumann, Gertrud, reg.code A_Getuigen_I_081, A_Getuigen_I_083, A_Getuigen_I_084.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1933-12-05",
"date_end": "1942-07-06",
"summary": "Otto Frank and Edith Frank lived at Merwedeplein 37-II from 5 December 1933. Later that month Margot joined them, and in February 1934 Anne came to Amsterdam.",
"summary_nl": "Otto Frank en Edith Frank woonden vanaf 5 december 1933 op het adres Merwedeplein 37-II. Later die maand kwam Margot, en in februari 1934 kwam Anne naar Amsterdam.",
"summary_en": "Otto Frank and Edith Frank lived at Merwedeplein 37-II from 5 December 1933. Later that month Margot joined them, and in February 1934 Anne came to Amsterdam.",
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"name": "Oma Holländer in the Netherlands",
"name_nl": "Oma Holländer in Nederland",
"name_en": "Oma Holländer in the Netherlands",
"content": "<p>In the late summer of <strong>1938</strong>, Edith Frank-Holländer and her husband applied to the Dutch government for her mother's admission to the Netherlands. However, in <strong>May </strong>of that year, the government had closed the borders and the application was rejected. Only because of the so-called <em>November pogrom</em>, also known as <em>Kristallnacht</em>, an additional seven thousand refugees were granted permission to come to the Netherlands. On <strong>17 November 1938</strong>, Rosa Holländer received her permit, albeit on the condition that her sons Julius and Walter would not try to join her in the Netherlands.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4q037\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p>Since she did not want to leave Germany before her sons were safe, it was not until the end of <strong>March </strong>of the following year before she moved to the Netherlands. On <strong>24 March 1939</strong>, she entered the Netherlands at Simpelveld train station.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j1ezy\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> She lived with her daughter's family until she died on <strong>29 January 1942</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8vsqn\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4q037\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, (NL-HaNA), Rijksvreemdelingendienst en rechtsvoorgangers, toegangsnr. 2.09.45, inv. nr. 227: secretaris-generaal van Justitie Van Angeren aan Procureur-Generaal, 17 november 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j1ezy\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NL-HaNA, Rijksvreemdelingendienst, inv. nr. 227: Otto Frank aan Bureau Grensbewaking, 22 maart 1939.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8vsqn\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten, toegang 30238: Archiefkaart R.S. Stern.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>In de nazomer van <strong>1938</strong> diende Edith Frank - Holländer met haar man bij de Nederlandse regering een verzoek in tot toelating van haar moeder tot Nederland. De regering had echter in <strong>mei</strong> van dat jaar de grenzen gesloten en wees het verzoek daarom af. Het was de zogenaamde <em>Novemberpogrom</em>, ook wel <em>Kristallnacht</em>, waardoor een extra zevenduizend vluchtelingen toegang tot Nederland kregen. Op <strong>17 november 1938 </strong>kreeg Rosa Holländer alsnog toestemming, zij het onder de voorwaarde dat niet ook haar zoons Julius en Walter naar Nederland zouden proberen te komen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4q037\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p>Omdat zij Duitsland niet wilde verlaten voor haar zoons veilig waren, duurde het nog tot eind <strong>maart</strong> van het volgende jaar voor zij daadwerkelijk kwam. Op <strong>24 maart 1939 </strong>kwam zij bij station Simpelveld Nederland binnen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j1ezy\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Ze woonde bij het gezin van haar dochter tot ze op <strong>29 januari 1942 </strong>overleed.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8vsqn\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4q037\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, (NL-HaNA), Rijksvreemdelingendienst en rechtsvoorgangers, toegangsnr. 2.09.45, inv. nr. 227: secretaris-generaal van Justitie Van Angeren aan Procureur-Generaal, 17 november 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j1ezy\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NL-HaNA, Rijksvreemdelingendienst, inv. nr. 227: Otto Frank aan Bureau Grensbewaking, 22 maart 1939.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8vsqn\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten, toegang 30238: Archiefkaart R.S. Stern.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>In the late summer of <strong>1938</strong>, Edith Frank-Holländer and her husband applied to the Dutch government for her mother's admission to the Netherlands. However, in <strong>May </strong>of that year, the government had closed the borders and the application was rejected. Only because of the so-called <em>November pogrom</em>, also known as <em>Kristallnacht</em>, an additional seven thousand refugees were granted permission to come to the Netherlands. On <strong>17 November 1938</strong>, Rosa Holländer received her permit, albeit on the condition that her sons Julius and Walter would not try to join her in the Netherlands.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4q037\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p>Since she did not want to leave Germany before her sons were safe, it was not until the end of <strong>March </strong>of the following year before she moved to the Netherlands. On <strong>24 March 1939</strong>, she entered the Netherlands at Simpelveld train station.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j1ezy\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> She lived with her daughter's family until she died on <strong>29 January 1942</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8vsqn\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4q037\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, (NL-HaNA), Rijksvreemdelingendienst en rechtsvoorgangers, toegangsnr. 2.09.45, inv. nr. 227: secretaris-generaal van Justitie Van Angeren aan Procureur-Generaal, 17 november 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j1ezy\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NL-HaNA, Rijksvreemdelingendienst, inv. nr. 227: Otto Frank aan Bureau Grensbewaking, 22 maart 1939.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8vsqn\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten, toegang 30238: Archiefkaart R.S. Stern.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1938-09-14",
"date_end": "1942-01-29",
"summary": "In March 1939, Rosalie Holländer-Stern, Anne and Margot Frank's grandmother, came to live with the family at Merwedeplein in Amsterdam. She stayed with them until her death in January 1942.",
"summary_nl": "In maart 1939 kwam de oma van Anne en Margot Frank, Rosalie Holländer-Stern, bij hen wonen op het Merwedeplein in Amsterdam. Ze bleef tot ze in januari 1942 overleed.",
"summary_en": "In March 1939, Rosalie Holländer-Stern, Anne and Margot Frank's grandmother, came to live with the family at Merwedeplein in Amsterdam. She stayed with them until her death in January 1942.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 313,
"main_image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/dd82fa2f-943e-4be3-9d8f-5e72245f7990/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/15419b29-aadf-4c4d-af00-a6973b460f9a",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/5f313320-29fb-4364-a148-5b9111f12e47"
],
"persons": [],
"location": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/838a9a83-171f-44ec-8a97-0024ebf8b5b6",
"published": true,
"uuid": "dd82fa2f-943e-4be3-9d8f-5e72245f7990",
"name": "Margot Frank receives a call-up",
"name_nl": "Margot Frank krijgt een oproep",
"name_en": "Margot Frank receives a call-up",
"content": "<p>Margot received a call-up to report for transport to Germany on <strong>5 July 1942</strong>. Anne wrote in her diary: '<em>(...) At three o'clock the doorbell rang (...) A little while later Margot appeared in the kitchen doorway looking very agitated. "Father has received a call-up notice from the SS</em>"<em>.'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"nsklu\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup><em> </em>According to Ilse Ledermann-Citroen, the recipients of these call-ups had to report to the Gestapo the next day<strong> (6 July 1942</strong>) between eight and nine o'clock, where they were given notice to come to the train station (it's not clear which one) on the 15th at 2.30 in the morning.<sup data-footnote-id=\"rymn1\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> This call-up prompted the Frank family to immediately go into hiding.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9nljp\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Preparations for this had already been made.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4r6r6\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Miep Gies took Margot to Prinsengracht by bicycle in the early morning of <strong>6</strong> <strong>July 1942</strong>. The sources on this show slight differences between them:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Diary A: '<em>Margot went too with a satchel on her bicycle (...)'</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4r6r6\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Diary B: '<em>Margot stuffed her schoolbag with schoolbooks, went to get her bicycle and, with Miep leading the way, rode off into the great unknown</em>'<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"kvjfe\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup><em> </em>That Margot still had her own bike is very likely.</li>\r\n\t<li>Miep Gies in an interview: At seven o'clock she picked up Margot. Around seven-thirty they were at the Opekta office. They put the bicycles inside and went upstairs. She opened the door of the Secret Annex and pushed Margot inside.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9vl85\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Miep Gies in her book: She picked up Margot around 7.30 in the morning and took her via Waalstraat, Noorder Amstellaan, Ferdinand Bolstraat, Vijzelstraat, Rokin, Dam and Raadhuisstraat to Prinsengracht. She took her to the Secret Annex and left her there. Kleiman came a little later and took Margot's bike somewhere.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3fy0l\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p> </p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nsklu\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 8 July 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works,</em> transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rymn1\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ilse Ledermann-Citroen aan Paul en Lientje, in: <em>Letters from the Ledermanns</em>, eigen beheer m.m.v. Yad Vashem, 2016, p. 8.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9nljp\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Menno Metselaar, 'The day before going into hiding', in: <em>Anne Frank Magazine</em> 1999, p. 14-17.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4r6r6\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie, (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_071: Otto Frank aan Alice Frank en overige familie, 8 juni 1945. Otto schrijft 6 juli, maar hij vergist zich een dag.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kvjfe\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 8 July 1942, in: <em>VThe Collected Works.</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9vl85\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Santrouschitz: Interview met Miep Gies, 1992, deel 3, p. 17.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3fy0l\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Aison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 92-94. </cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Margot kreeg op <strong>5 juli 1942</strong> een oproep zich te melden voor transport naar Duitsland. Anne schrijft in haar dagboek: '<em>(...) om ongeveer 3 uur kwam een politieagent bij moeder die riep beneden in de deur, mej. Margot Frank, moeder ging naar beneden en kreeg van die agent een kaart, waar opstond dat Margot Frank zich moest melden bij de S.S.'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"nsklu\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup><em> </em>Volgens Ilse Ledermann-Citroen moesten de ontvangers van deze oproepen de volgende dag (<strong>6 juli 1942</strong>) tussen acht en negen uur bij de Gestapo verschijnen, waar ze de aanzegging kregen de vijftiende om half drie 's nachts naar het treinstation (niet duidelijk welk) te komen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"rymn1\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Deze oproep was de aanleiding voor de familie Frank om meteen onder te duiken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6jcbq\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Voorbereidingen daartoe waren al getroffen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4r6r6\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Miep Gies bracht Margot met de fiets in de vroege ochtend van <strong>6</strong> <strong>juli 1942 </strong>naar de Prinsengracht. De bronnen hierover vertonen kleine onderlinge verschillen:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Dagboek A: '<em>Margot ging ook met een schooltas op de fiets (...)'</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4r6r6\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Dagboek B: '<em>Margot stopte haar schooltas vol met schoolboeken, haalde haar fiets uit de stalling en reed achter Miep aan weg.'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"kvjfe\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup><em> </em>Dat Margot haar eigen fiets nog had is heel waarschijnlijk.</li>\r\n\t<li>Miep Gies in een interview: Om zeven uur haalde ze Margot op. Rond half acht waren zij in het Opekta-kantoor. Ze zetten de fietsen binnen en gingen naar boven. Ze maakte de deur van het Achterhuis open en duwde Margot naar binnen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9vl85\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Miep Gies in haar boek: Ze haalde Margot rond half acht 's morgens op en bracht haar via Waalstraat, Noorder Amstellaan, Ferdinand Bolstraat, Vijzelstraat, Rokin, Dam en Raadhuisstraat naar de Prinsengracht. Ze bracht haar naar het Achterhuis en litet haar daar achter. Kleiman kwam iets later en bracht Margots fiets ergens heen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3fy0l\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p> </p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nsklu\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 8 juli 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk,</em> Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rymn1\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ilse Ledermann-Citroen aan Paul en Lientje, in: <em>Letters from the Ledermanns</em>, eigen beheer m.m.v. Yad Vashem, 2016, p. 8.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6jcbq\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Menno Metselaar, 'De dag voor de onderduik', in <em>Anne Frank Magazine</em> 1999, p. 14-17.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4r6r6\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie, (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_071: Otto Frank aan Alice Frank en overige familie, 8 juni 1945. Otto schrijft 6 juli, maar hij vergist zich een dag.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kvjfe\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek B, 8 juli 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk.</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9vl85\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Santrouschitz: Interview met Miep Gies, 1992, deel 3, p. 17.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3fy0l\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Aison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 92-94. </cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Margot received a call-up to report for transport to Germany on <strong>5 July 1942</strong>. Anne wrote in her diary: '<em>(...) At three o'clock the doorbell rang (...) A little while later Margot appeared in the kitchen doorway looking very agitated. "Father has received a call-up notice from the SS</em>"<em>.'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"nsklu\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup><em> </em>According to Ilse Ledermann-Citroen, the recipients of these call-ups had to report to the Gestapo the next day<strong> (6 July 1942</strong>) between eight and nine o'clock, where they were given notice to come to the train station (it's not clear which one) on the 15th at 2.30 in the morning.<sup data-footnote-id=\"rymn1\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> This call-up prompted the Frank family to immediately go into hiding.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9nljp\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Preparations for this had already been made.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4r6r6\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Miep Gies took Margot to Prinsengracht by bicycle in the early morning of <strong>6</strong> <strong>July 1942</strong>. The sources on this show slight differences between them:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Diary A: '<em>Margot went too with a satchel on her bicycle (...)'</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4r6r6\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Diary B: '<em>Margot stuffed her schoolbag with schoolbooks, went to get her bicycle and, with Miep leading the way, rode off into the great unknown</em>'<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"kvjfe\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup><em> </em>That Margot still had her own bike is very likely.</li>\r\n\t<li>Miep Gies in an interview: At seven o'clock she picked up Margot. Around seven-thirty they were at the Opekta office. They put the bicycles inside and went upstairs. She opened the door of the Secret Annex and pushed Margot inside.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9vl85\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Miep Gies in her book: She picked up Margot around 7.30 in the morning and took her via Waalstraat, Noorder Amstellaan, Ferdinand Bolstraat, Vijzelstraat, Rokin, Dam and Raadhuisstraat to Prinsengracht. She took her to the Secret Annex and left her there. Kleiman came a little later and took Margot's bike somewhere.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3fy0l\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p> </p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nsklu\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 8 July 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works,</em> transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rymn1\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ilse Ledermann-Citroen aan Paul en Lientje, in: <em>Letters from the Ledermanns</em>, eigen beheer m.m.v. Yad Vashem, 2016, p. 8.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9nljp\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Menno Metselaar, 'The day before going into hiding', in: <em>Anne Frank Magazine</em> 1999, p. 14-17.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4r6r6\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie, (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_071: Otto Frank aan Alice Frank en overige familie, 8 juni 1945. Otto schrijft 6 juli, maar hij vergist zich een dag.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kvjfe\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 8 July 1942, in: <em>VThe Collected Works.</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9vl85\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Santrouschitz: Interview met Miep Gies, 1992, deel 3, p. 17.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3fy0l\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Aison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 92-94. </cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": "1942-07-05",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "Margot received a call-up to report for transport to Germany. This prompted the Frank family to immediately go into hiding.",
"summary_nl": "Margot kreeg een oproep zich te melden voor transport naar Duitsland. Dit was de aanleiding voor de familie Frank om meteen onder te duiken.",
"summary_en": "Margot received a call-up to report for transport to Germany. This prompted the Frank family to immediately go into hiding.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 267,
"main_image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/69aaeacb-5a34-4de8-94c4-bceb4abcda21/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/facb8e53-713e-4ac3-bc29-12e1e3fcebe6",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/5f313320-29fb-4364-a148-5b9111f12e47",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/1ac7a3a0-86b6-4a04-aa6b-e25fe336aa24"
],
"persons": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/c096c411-9830-4e8e-bc9c-85ff188a1feb"
],
"location": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/838a9a83-171f-44ec-8a97-0024ebf8b5b6",
"published": true,
"uuid": "69aaeacb-5a34-4de8-94c4-bceb4abcda21",
"name": "Anne Frank separated from Moortje",
"name_nl": "Anne Frank neemt afscheid van Moortje",
"name_en": "Anne Frank separated from Moortje",
"content": "<p>In the Secret Annex, Anne thought about Moortje often. "There's always a tiny black cat roaming around the yard and it reminds me of my dear sweet Moortje."<sup data-footnote-id=\"l3gzx\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> But in her hiding place, Anne would meet four other cats in the more than two years she spent there.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l3gzx\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 30 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>In het Achterhuis denkt Anne nog regelmatig aan Moortje. ‘In de tuin, loopt nu altijd zo'n klein zwart poesje, dat doet mij dan weer aan mijn moortje denken, o, die schat.’<sup data-footnote-id=\"l3gzx\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Maar in de schuilplaats zou Anne in de ruim twee jaar dat zij daar ondergedoken zat nog vier andere katten tegenkomen.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l3gzx\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 30 september 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013. </cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>In the Secret Annex, Anne thought about Moortje often. "There's always a tiny black cat roaming around the yard and it reminds me of my dear sweet Moortje."<sup data-footnote-id=\"l3gzx\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> But in her hiding place, Anne would meet four other cats in the more than two years she spent there.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l3gzx\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 30 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": "1942-07-06",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "When Anne went into hiding on 6 July 1942, her cat Moortje had to stay behind.",
"summary_nl": "Toen Anne op 6 juli 1942 ging onderduiken moest poes Moortje achterblijven.",
"summary_en": "When Anne went into hiding on 6 July 1942, her cat Moortje had to stay behind.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
],
"subjects": [
{
"id": 396124417,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/89469df2-3208-41fd-9879-91b89fde3a21/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "89469df2-3208-41fd-9879-91b89fde3a21",
"name": "Guests and staff of the Frank family",
"name_nl": "Gasten en personeel van de familie Frank",
"name_en": "Guests and staff of the Frank family",
"description": "<p>The first residents of Merwedeplein 37-II moved into the then new house in <strong>1931</strong>. Otto Frank was the fourth main resident <strong>by the end of 1933</strong>. The construction and management company of the entire block was the N.V. Bouw en Exploitatie Maatschappij Hilwis and the rent was seventy guilders. That included twenty guilders for the hot water supply and central heating provided by the heating cellar of the nearby so-called 'Wolkenkrabber' (Skyscraper), the residential tower that is still part of the complex.<sup data-footnote-id=\"a0vyb\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Domestic workers</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Apart from the Frank family, numerous other Germans, including many Jews, came to the Netherlands after Adolf Hitler and his NSDAP came to power. Organisations that had long been active in helping Jewish refugees from Eastern Europe responded to these new developments. For example, the Committee for Jewish Refugees created jobs in domestic service to give women and girls opportunities to settle in the Netherlands.<sup data-footnote-id=\"msosn\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the Frank family home, some of these women found work or shelter for shorter or longer periods of time. A couple of them, Renate Wolf and Malli Aschenbrand, were also from Frankfurt. Ilse Windesheim, Gerda Einstein, Julie van Groningen and Rosel Goldschmidt came from other parts of Germany.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Subtenants</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>The <strong>later 1930s</strong> saw a change in the family's economic circumstances. Otto Frank travelled to England several times in <strong>1937</strong> in fruitless attempts to get a business initiative off the ground there. In <strong>June 1938</strong>, Jo Kleiman founded the new firm Pectacon in collaboration with Otto Frank. The last domestic help left <strong>in mid-October 1937</strong>, and in <strong>June 1938</strong> the first subtenant Ernst Katz appeared. He was to be the first of four: after him came Johanna Briels, Paul Wronker and Werner Goldschmidt. About the subtenants, Anne wrote her story 'Boarders or lodgers'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dogyw\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Wronker and Goldschmidt also appear in her diary.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kgtvh\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Grandmother Holländer</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto and Edith Frank applied for grandmother Holländer's admission to the Netherlands in <strong>September 1938</strong> so that she could join her daughter's family in Amsterdam. The Justice Ministry turned this down because the government closed the border to refugees in May that year. A limited widening after the November pogroms eventually allowed her to come and in <strong>March 1939</strong> she settled here after all.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8vncb\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Her arrival brought the number of people in the house to six.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Moortje</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Moortje the cat was added in the <strong>autumn of 1941</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"11snu\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Anne wrote about her in a letter to her grandmother, and later mentioned her repeatedly in her diary. Moortje did not come with her to the Secret Annex, but according to the diary, Werner Goldschmidt took her to the neighbours.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4o2fc\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> The neighbouring Kupers family at 39-III would take care of her after this.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Kohnke family</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>The last to appear were the three members of the Kohnke-Leyens family. Leni Kohnke was a close acquaintance of Edith and had to leave their hometown of Hilversum with her husband and young daughter. Around <strong>May 1942,</strong> they lived with the family for a few weeks.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tober\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Grandma Holländer had died in January, so during these weeks the number of people in the house was eight.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Evacuees</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>After the Frank family left, subtenant Werner Goldschmidt stayed behind. Later evacuees from other places settled in the house who were obliged to move to Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hacii\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> Although sources are lacking, the Jewish Council seems to have played a role here. Hilwis rent records show that the last evacuee left on <strong>20 June 1943</strong> and that the house was empty on the 28th.<sup data-footnote-id=\"c9ji1\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> The new main occupant Tim Choy was registered in the population register at this address from <strong>3 September 1943</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"aorhi\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Nevertheless, all four members of the Frank family retained their registrations at the house until <strong>27 October 1944</strong>, almost two months after their deportation to Auschwitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gzxlg\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"a0vyb\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Merwedeplein_I_001 t/m 032: Huurstaten van N.V. HILWIS III.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"msosn\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>David Cohen, <em>Zwervend en dolend. De joodse vluchtelingen in Nederland in de jaren 1933-1940: met een inleiding over de jaren 1900-1933</em>, Haarlem: de erven F. Bohn, 1955, p. 66.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dogyw\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Tales and events from the Secret Annex, "Lodgers or Tenants", 15 October 1943, in: <em>The Collected Works,</em> transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kgtvh\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 14 June, 20 and 22 October 1942 (Wronker), 14 and 22 August, 5 November 1942 (Goldschmidt), in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8vncb\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Rijksvreemdelingendienst en rechtsvoorgangers, toegangsnr. 2.09.45, inv. nr. 227: Commissaris van Politie Amsterdam aan Procureur-Generaal, 29 oktober 1938; Rapport Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, 25 oktober 1938; Secretaris-generaal van Justitie Van Angeren aan Procureur-Generaal, 17 november 1938; Otto Frank aan Bureau Grensbewaking, 22 maart 1939.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"11snu\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Alice Frank, AFF_AIF_corr_18, ongedateerde (voorjaar 1942) brief Anne Frank aan (grootmoeder) Alice Frank-Stern.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4o2fc\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 8 July 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tober\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_071, Otto Frank aan ‘Meine Lieben’, 11 augustus 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hacii\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445), Woningkaart Merwedeplein 37-II.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c9ji1\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Merwedeplein_I_002: Huurstaten van N.V. HILWIS III aangaande de Noorder Amstellaan, Waalstraat (oneven) en Merwedeplein (oneven). Op 20 juni was er een grote razzia in Amsterdam-Zuid en -Oost.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"aorhi\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, DIenst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445): Woningkaart Merwedeplein 37-II; AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Merwedeplein_I_002: Huurstaten van N.V. HILWIS III aangaande de Noorder Amstellaan, Waalstraat (oneven) en Merwedeplein (oneven).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gzxlg\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaarten O.H. Frank, E. Holländer, M.B. Frank en A.M. Frank.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De eerste bewoners van Merwedeplein 37-II betrokken de toen nieuwe woning in <strong>1931</strong>. Otto Frank was <strong>eind 1933</strong> de vierde hoofdbewoner. Bouwer en beheerder van het hele blok was de N.V. Bouw en Exploitatie Maatschappij Hilwis en de huur bedroeg zeventig gulden. Dat was inclusief twintig gulden voor de warmwatervoorziening en centrale verwarming die de stookkelder van de nabijgelegen z.g. 'Wolkenkrabber' leverde, de woontoren die nog altijd deel van het complex uitmaakt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"a0vyb\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Huishoudelijke hulpen</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Buiten de familie Frank kwamen ook tal van andere Duitsers, waaronder veel Joden, na het aan de macht komen van Adolf Hitler en zijn NSDAP naar Nederland. Organisaties die al langer actief waren bij het helpen van Joodse vluchtelingen uit Oost-Europa speelden op deze nieuwe ontwikkelingen in. Zo creëerde het Comité voor Joodsche Vluchtelingen werkgelegenheid in de huishoudelijke dienstverlening om zo vrouwen en meisjes kansen te bieden zich in Nederland te vestigen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"msosn\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In de woning van het gezin Frank vond een aantal van deze vrouwen voor kortere of langere tijd werk of onderdak. Enkele van hen, Renate Wolf en Malli Aschenbrand, waren eveneens afkomstig uit Frankfurt. Ilse Windesheim, Gerda Einstein, Julie van Groningen en Rosel Goldschmidt kwamen uit andere delen van Duitsland.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Onderhuurders</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In de latere jaren dertig vond een verandering in de ecomische omstandigheden van het gezin plaats. Otto Frank reisde in <strong>1937</strong> verschillende keren naar Engeland in vruchteloze pogingen daar een zakelijk initiatief van de grond te krijgen. In <strong>juni 1938</strong> richtte Jo Kleiman in samenwerking met Otto Frank de nieuwe firma Pectacon op. De laatste huishoudelijke hulp vertrok <strong>half oktober 1937</strong>, en in <strong>juni 1938</strong> verscheen de eerste onderhuurder Ernst Katz. Hij zou de eerste van vier zijn: na hem kwamen nog Johanna Briels, Paul Wronker en Werner Goldschmidt. Over de onderhuurders schreef Anne haar verhaaltje 'Pension- of huurgasten'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dogyw\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Wronker en Goldschmidt komen ook voor in haar dagboek.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kgtvh\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Oma Holländer</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto en Edith Frank vroegen in <strong>september 1938</strong> voor oma Holländer om toelating tot Nederland, zodat zij zich bij het gezin van haar dochter in Amsterdam kon voegen. Het Ministerie van Justitie wees dat af omdat de regering in mei van dat jaar de grens voor vluchtelingen sloot. Door een beperkte verruiming na de pogroms van november kon ze uiteindelijk toch komen en in <strong>maart 1939</strong> vestigde zij zich hier alsnog.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8vncb\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Haar komst bracht het aantal personen in huis op zes.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Moortje</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In het <strong>najaar van 1941</strong> kwam de poes Moortje er nog bij.<sup data-footnote-id=\"11snu\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Anne schrijft over haar in een brief aan haar grootmoeder, en noemde haar later herhaaldelijk in haar dagboek. Moortje ging niet mee naar het Achterhuis, maar volgens het dagboek bracht Werner Goldschmidt haar naar de buren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4o2fc\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Het buurgezin Kupers op 39-III zou de verdere zorg op zich nemen.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Gezin Kohnke</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Als laatsten verschenen de drie leden van het gezin Kohnke - Leyens. Leni Kohnke was een goede bekende van Edith en moest met haar man en dochtertje hun woonplaats Hilversum verlaten. Omstreeks <strong>mei 1942</strong> woonden ze enkele weken bij het gezin in.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tober\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Oma Holländer was in januari overleden, dus in deze weken was het aantal personen in de woning acht.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Evacués</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Nadat de familie Frank vertrok bleef onderhuurder Werner Goldschmidt achter. Later vestigden zich in de woning evacués uit andere plaatsen die verplicht naar Amsterdam trokken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hacii\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> Hoewel bronnen ontbreken lijkt hier de Joodse Raad een rol in te spelen. De huuradministratie van Hilwis laat zien dat de laatste evacué op <strong>20 juni 1943</strong> vertrok en dat de woning de 28e leeg was.<sup data-footnote-id=\"c9ji1\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> De nieuwe hoofdbewoner Tim Choy stond per <strong>3 september 1943</strong> op dit adres in het bevolkingsregister ingeschreven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"aorhi\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Desondanks behielden alle vier de leden van het gezin Frank hun inschrijvingen op de woning nog tot <strong>27 oktober 1944</strong>, bijna twee maanden na hun deportatie naar Auschwitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gzxlg\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"a0vyb\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Merwedeplein_I_001 t/m 032: Huurstaten van N.V. HILWIS III.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"msosn\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>David Cohen, <em>Zwervend en dolend. De joodse vluchtelingen in Nederland in de jaren 1933-1940: met een inleiding over de jaren 1900-1933</em>, Haarlem: de erven F. Bohn, 1955, p. 66.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dogyw\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Verhaaltjes en gebeurtenissen uit het Achterhuis, "Pension- of huurgasten", 15 oktober 1943, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kgtvh\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 14 juni, 20 en 22 oktober 1942 (Wronker), 14 en 22 augustus, 5 november 1942 (Goldschmidt), in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8vncb\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Rijksvreemdelingendienst en rechtsvoorgangers, toegangsnr. 2.09.45, inv. nr. 227: Commissaris van Politie Amsterdam aan Procureur-Generaal, 29 oktober 1938; Rapport Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, 25 oktober 1938; Secretaris-generaal van Justitie Van Angeren aan Procureur-Generaal, 17 november 1938; Otto Frank aan Bureau Grensbewaking, 22 maart 1939.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"11snu\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Alice Frank, AFF_AIF_corr_18, ongedateerde (voorjaar 1942) brief Anne Frank aan (grootmoeder) Alice Frank-Stern.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4o2fc\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek B, 8 juli 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tober\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_071, Otto Frank aan ‘Meine Lieben’, 11 augustus 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hacii\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445), Woningkaart Merwedeplein 37-II.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c9ji1\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Merwedeplein_I_002: Huurstaten van N.V. HILWIS III aangaande de Noorder Amstellaan, Waalstraat (oneven) en Merwedeplein (oneven). Op 20 juni was er een grote razzia in Amsterdam-Zuid en -Oost.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"aorhi\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, DIenst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445): Woningkaart Merwedeplein 37-II; AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Merwedeplein_I_002: Huurstaten van N.V. HILWIS III aangaande de Noorder Amstellaan, Waalstraat (oneven) en Merwedeplein (oneven).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gzxlg\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaarten O.H. Frank, E. Holländer, M.B. Frank en A.M. Frank.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>The first residents of Merwedeplein 37-II moved into the then new house in <strong>1931</strong>. Otto Frank was the fourth main resident <strong>by the end of 1933</strong>. The construction and management company of the entire block was the N.V. Bouw en Exploitatie Maatschappij Hilwis and the rent was seventy guilders. That included twenty guilders for the hot water supply and central heating provided by the heating cellar of the nearby so-called 'Wolkenkrabber' (Skyscraper), the residential tower that is still part of the complex.<sup data-footnote-id=\"a0vyb\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Domestic workers</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Apart from the Frank family, numerous other Germans, including many Jews, came to the Netherlands after Adolf Hitler and his NSDAP came to power. Organisations that had long been active in helping Jewish refugees from Eastern Europe responded to these new developments. For example, the Committee for Jewish Refugees created jobs in domestic service to give women and girls opportunities to settle in the Netherlands.<sup data-footnote-id=\"msosn\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the Frank family home, some of these women found work or shelter for shorter or longer periods of time. A couple of them, Renate Wolf and Malli Aschenbrand, were also from Frankfurt. Ilse Windesheim, Gerda Einstein, Julie van Groningen and Rosel Goldschmidt came from other parts of Germany.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Subtenants</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>The <strong>later 1930s</strong> saw a change in the family's economic circumstances. Otto Frank travelled to England several times in <strong>1937</strong> in fruitless attempts to get a business initiative off the ground there. In <strong>June 1938</strong>, Jo Kleiman founded the new firm Pectacon in collaboration with Otto Frank. The last domestic help left <strong>in mid-October 1937</strong>, and in <strong>June 1938</strong> the first subtenant Ernst Katz appeared. He was to be the first of four: after him came Johanna Briels, Paul Wronker and Werner Goldschmidt. About the subtenants, Anne wrote her story 'Boarders or lodgers'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dogyw\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Wronker and Goldschmidt also appear in her diary.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kgtvh\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Grandmother Holländer</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto and Edith Frank applied for grandmother Holländer's admission to the Netherlands in <strong>September 1938</strong> so that she could join her daughter's family in Amsterdam. The Justice Ministry turned this down because the government closed the border to refugees in May that year. A limited widening after the November pogroms eventually allowed her to come and in <strong>March 1939</strong> she settled here after all.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8vncb\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Her arrival brought the number of people in the house to six.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Moortje</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Moortje the cat was added in the <strong>autumn of 1941</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"11snu\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Anne wrote about her in a letter to her grandmother, and later mentioned her repeatedly in her diary. Moortje did not come with her to the Secret Annex, but according to the diary, Werner Goldschmidt took her to the neighbours.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4o2fc\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> The neighbouring Kupers family at 39-III would take care of her after this.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Kohnke family</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>The last to appear were the three members of the Kohnke-Leyens family. Leni Kohnke was a close acquaintance of Edith and had to leave their hometown of Hilversum with her husband and young daughter. Around <strong>May 1942,</strong> they lived with the family for a few weeks.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tober\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Grandma Holländer had died in January, so during these weeks the number of people in the house was eight.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Evacuees</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>After the Frank family left, subtenant Werner Goldschmidt stayed behind. Later evacuees from other places settled in the house who were obliged to move to Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hacii\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> Although sources are lacking, the Jewish Council seems to have played a role here. Hilwis rent records show that the last evacuee left on <strong>20 June 1943</strong> and that the house was empty on the 28th.<sup data-footnote-id=\"c9ji1\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> The new main occupant Tim Choy was registered in the population register at this address from <strong>3 September 1943</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"aorhi\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Nevertheless, all four members of the Frank family retained their registrations at the house until <strong>27 October 1944</strong>, almost two months after their deportation to Auschwitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gzxlg\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"a0vyb\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Merwedeplein_I_001 t/m 032: Huurstaten van N.V. HILWIS III.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"msosn\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>David Cohen, <em>Zwervend en dolend. De joodse vluchtelingen in Nederland in de jaren 1933-1940: met een inleiding over de jaren 1900-1933</em>, Haarlem: de erven F. Bohn, 1955, p. 66.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dogyw\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Tales and events from the Secret Annex, "Lodgers or Tenants", 15 October 1943, in: <em>The Collected Works,</em> transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kgtvh\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 14 June, 20 and 22 October 1942 (Wronker), 14 and 22 August, 5 November 1942 (Goldschmidt), in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8vncb\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Rijksvreemdelingendienst en rechtsvoorgangers, toegangsnr. 2.09.45, inv. nr. 227: Commissaris van Politie Amsterdam aan Procureur-Generaal, 29 oktober 1938; Rapport Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, 25 oktober 1938; Secretaris-generaal van Justitie Van Angeren aan Procureur-Generaal, 17 november 1938; Otto Frank aan Bureau Grensbewaking, 22 maart 1939.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"11snu\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Alice Frank, AFF_AIF_corr_18, ongedateerde (voorjaar 1942) brief Anne Frank aan (grootmoeder) Alice Frank-Stern.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4o2fc\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 8 July 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tober\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_071, Otto Frank aan ‘Meine Lieben’, 11 augustus 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hacii\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445), Woningkaart Merwedeplein 37-II.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c9ji1\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Merwedeplein_I_002: Huurstaten van N.V. HILWIS III aangaande de Noorder Amstellaan, Waalstraat (oneven) en Merwedeplein (oneven). Op 20 juni was er een grote razzia in Amsterdam-Zuid en -Oost.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"aorhi\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, DIenst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445): Woningkaart Merwedeplein 37-II; AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Merwedeplein_I_002: Huurstaten van N.V. HILWIS III aangaande de Noorder Amstellaan, Waalstraat (oneven) en Merwedeplein (oneven).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gzxlg\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaarten O.H. Frank, E. Holländer, M.B. Frank en A.M. Frank.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "Anne Frank and her family lived in their Merwedeplein 37-II home for eight and a half years after coming to Amsterdam.",
"summary_nl": "Anne Frank en haar familie woonden na hun komst naar Amsterdam acht en een half jaar in de woning Merwedeplein 37-II.",
"summary_en": "Anne Frank and her family lived in their Merwedeplein 37-II home for eight and a half years after coming to Amsterdam.",
"same_as": null,
"parent": 396124556,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 396124510,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/23e0a4d9-ced8-4d0b-859a-8fde6a540d8b/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "23e0a4d9-ced8-4d0b-859a-8fde6a540d8b",
"name": "Domestic help",
"name_nl": "Huishoudelijke hulp",
"name_en": "Domestic help",
"description": "<p>Not everyone who wanted to come to the Netherlands after the German coup in <strong>January 1933</strong> could just settle here. The Committee for Jewish Refugees helped as many Jewish women as possible gain admission to the Netherlands by seeking work as domestic help for them.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0l5ox\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Edith Frank wrote to a former girl next door in <strong>December 1933</strong>:<em> 'Unser Wohnung ist ähnlich der in der Ganghofer Str., nur viel kleiner. In unserem Schlafzimmer kann ausser den Betten nichts mehr stehen; kein Keller, kein Speicher, aber alles hell bequem und warm, so dass ich ohne Mädchen gut fertig werde</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"pr0gn\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nonetheless, a number of Jewish women from Germany found temporary work and often accommodation with the Frank family. Domestic workers from Germany also made their appearance with the Werthauer, Goslar and Ledermann families. The following were employed successively at the Frank family home:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Renate Wolf,</li>\r\n\t<li>Ilse Windesheim,</li>\r\n\t<li>Malli Aschenbrand,</li>\r\n\t<li>Julie Johanna van Groningen,</li>\r\n\t<li>Gerda Einstein,</li>\r\n\t<li>and Rosel Goldschmidt.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Except for the first one, they all lived with the family. After the last one left, Edith Frank wrote to a friend in <strong>December 1937</strong> that she was now doing everything on her own again.<sup data-footnote-id=\"z8mte\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Shortly afterwards, the first subtenant, Ernst Katz, appeared on the scene.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Within the migrant community of Amsterdam-Zuid, people from the same city of origin often gravitated towards each other. Renate Wolf was also from Frankfurt, as was Malli Aschenbrand. The latter left the Frank family to join another family from that city.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0l5ox\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>D. Cohen, <em>Zwervend en dolend. De Joodse vluchtelingen in Nederland in de jaren 1933-1940, met een inleiding over de jaren 1900-1933</em>, Haarlem: Bohn, 1955, p. 66.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pr0gn\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_getuigen_I_084, Edith Frank aan Gertrud Naumann, 23 december 1933. De originele brief is alleen gedateerd met Samstag. In 1933 valt de 23e december op een zaterdag.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"z8mte\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Otto Frank, AFF_OtF_pdoc_16: Edtih Frank aan Hedda Eisenstaedt, 24 december 1937.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>Niet iedereen die na de Duitse machtsovername in <strong>januari 1933</strong> naar Nederland wilde komen kon zich hier zomaar vestigen. Het Comité voor Joodsche Vluchtelingen hielp zoveel mogelijk Joodse vrouwen toelating tot Nederland te krijgen door werk als huishoudelijke hulp voor ze te zoeken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0l5ox\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Edith Frank schreef in <strong>december 1933</strong> aan een vroeger buurmeisje: '<em>Unser Wohnung ist ähnlich der in der Ganghofer Str., nur viel kleiner. In unserem Schlafzimmer kann ausser den Betten nichts mehr stehen; kein Keller, kein Speicher, aber alles hell bequem und warm, so dass ich ohne Mädchen gut fertig werde</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"pr0gn\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Desondanks vond een aantal Joodse vrouwen uit Duitsland bij de familie Frank tijdelijk werk en veelal ook onderkomen. Ook bij de families Werthauer, Goslar en Ledermann maakten uit Duitsland afkomstige huishoudelijke hulpen hun opwachting. Bij de familile Frank verschenen achtereenvolgens:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Renate Wolf,</li>\r\n\t<li>Ilse Windesheim,</li>\r\n\t<li>Malli Aschenbrand,</li>\r\n\t<li>Julie Johanna van Groningen,</li>\r\n\t<li>Gerda Einstein,</li>\r\n\t<li>en Rosel Goldschmidt.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Behalve de eerste woonden ze allemaal bij het gezin in. Na het vertrek van de laatste schrijft Edith Frank in <strong>december 1937</strong> aan een vriendin dat ze nu weer alles alleen doet.<sup data-footnote-id=\"z8mte\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Kort daarna verscheen de eerste onderhuurder, Ernst Katz, ten tonele.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Binnen de migrantengemeenschap van Amsterdam-Zuid trokken mensen uit dezelfde herkomststad dikwijls naar elkaar toe. Renate Wolf kwam ook uit Frankfurt, net als Malli Aschenbrand. De laatste vertrok bij de familie Frank om bij een ander gezin uit die stad te gaan werken.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0l5ox\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>D. Cohen, <em>Zwervend en dolend. De Joodse vluchtelingen in Nederland in de jaren 1933-1940, met een inleiding over de jaren 1900-1933</em>, Haarlem: Bohn, 1955, p. 66.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pr0gn\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_getuigen_I_084, Edith Frank aan Gertrud Naumann, 23 december 1933. De originele brief is alleen gedateerd met Samstag. In 1933 valt de 23e december op een zaterdag.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"z8mte\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Otto Frank, AFF_OtF_pdoc_16: Edtih Frank aan Hedda Eisenstaedt, 24 december 1937.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>Not everyone who wanted to come to the Netherlands after the German coup in <strong>January 1933</strong> could just settle here. The Committee for Jewish Refugees helped as many Jewish women as possible gain admission to the Netherlands by seeking work as domestic help for them.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0l5ox\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Edith Frank wrote to a former girl next door in <strong>December 1933</strong>:<em> 'Unser Wohnung ist ähnlich der in der Ganghofer Str., nur viel kleiner. In unserem Schlafzimmer kann ausser den Betten nichts mehr stehen; kein Keller, kein Speicher, aber alles hell bequem und warm, so dass ich ohne Mädchen gut fertig werde</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"pr0gn\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nonetheless, a number of Jewish women from Germany found temporary work and often accommodation with the Frank family. Domestic workers from Germany also made their appearance with the Werthauer, Goslar and Ledermann families. The following were employed successively at the Frank family home:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Renate Wolf,</li>\r\n\t<li>Ilse Windesheim,</li>\r\n\t<li>Malli Aschenbrand,</li>\r\n\t<li>Julie Johanna van Groningen,</li>\r\n\t<li>Gerda Einstein,</li>\r\n\t<li>and Rosel Goldschmidt.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Except for the first one, they all lived with the family. After the last one left, Edith Frank wrote to a friend in <strong>December 1937</strong> that she was now doing everything on her own again.<sup data-footnote-id=\"z8mte\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Shortly afterwards, the first subtenant, Ernst Katz, appeared on the scene.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Within the migrant community of Amsterdam-Zuid, people from the same city of origin often gravitated towards each other. Renate Wolf was also from Frankfurt, as was Malli Aschenbrand. The latter left the Frank family to join another family from that city.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0l5ox\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>D. Cohen, <em>Zwervend en dolend. De Joodse vluchtelingen in Nederland in de jaren 1933-1940, met een inleiding over de jaren 1900-1933</em>, Haarlem: Bohn, 1955, p. 66.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pr0gn\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_getuigen_I_084, Edith Frank aan Gertrud Naumann, 23 december 1933. De originele brief is alleen gedateerd met Samstag. In 1933 valt de 23e december op een zaterdag.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"z8mte\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Otto Frank, AFF_OtF_pdoc_16: Edtih Frank aan Hedda Eisenstaedt, 24 december 1937.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "Jewish women were able to get out of Nazi Germany by finding work as domestic help to fleeing Jewish families. The Frank family had six helpers in succession, who in turn found work with other families. Often the women worked for families who came from the same town in Germany.",
"summary_nl": "Joodse vrouwen konden uit nazi-Duitsland wegkomen door werk te vinden als huishoudelijke hulp bij gevluchte Joodse families. De familie Frank had na elkaar zes hulpen, die weer werk vonden bij andere families. Vaak werkten de vrouwen bij families die uit dezelfde stad in Duitsland kwamen.",
"summary_en": "Jewish women were able to get out of Nazi Germany by finding work as domestic help to fleeing Jewish families. The Frank family had six helpers in succession, who in turn found work with other families. Often the women worked for families who came from the same town in Germany.",
"same_as": null,
"parent": 396124556,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 396124506,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627",
"name": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_nl": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_en": "Rivierenbuurt",
"description": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt, die wordt begrensd door de Amstelrivier in het oosten, de Boerenwetering in het westen, het Amstelkanaal in het noorden, en de Zuidelijke Wandelweg in het zuiden. Het maakt deel uit van <em>Plan Zuid</em>, een stedenbouwkundig plan voor Amsterdam-Zuid, dat in het begin van de <strong>20e eeuw</strong> werd ontworpen door de architect H.P Berlage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> bestond uit drie delen: de <em>Apollobuurt</em> en de <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, gericht op welgestelden, middenklasse en arbeidersklasse, en de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, gericht op de middenklasse. Ook een groot deel van de buurt <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> behoort tot het <em>Plan Zuid</em>. In het stedenbouwkundig plan was bedacht dat drie hoofdstraten (de Amstellanen) de buurt in een Y-vorm zouden doorsnijden, en samen zouden komen op het Daniël Willinkplein, een vernoeming naar de Nederlandse schrijver Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Dit waren de Amstellaan (na de oorlog werd dit de Stalinlaan en in <strong>1956</strong>, na de Russische inval in Hongarije, gewijzigd in Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (nu Churchill-laan) en Zuider Amstellaan (nu Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> De overige straatnamen in de buurt werden vernoemd naar Nederlandse rivieren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De woningen in de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> oefenden vanaf het begin van de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Joodse Amsterdammers uit de middenklasse. Qua grootte en voorzieningen staken zij bijzonder gunstig af tegen de kleine, slechte woningen in de overbevolkte Jodenbuurt rond het Waterlooplein. Toch was er in de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> veel leegstand, en daardoor streken ook veel Duitse Joden die vanuit nazi-Duitsland naar Nederland vluchtten, hier neer, waaronder ook de families Frank en Van Pels en een aantal van hun vrienden en kennissen. De immigranten voelden zich thuis in deze buurt met de vele geloofsgenoten. Uiteindelijk woonde in <strong>1940</strong> zo'n 40% van de in Amsterdam wonende Joden in dit deel van de stad.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
"summary_nl": "De Rivierenbuurt is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt waar zich vanaf de jaren dertig veel Joodse inwoners hebben gevestigd.",
"summary_en": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645",
"name": "Accommodation",
"name_nl": "Verblijf",
"name_en": "Accommodation",
"description": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"description_nl": "<p>Onder verblijf wordt verstaan een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.</p>",
"description_en": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"summary": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"summary_nl": "Verblijf is een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.",
"summary_en": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
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"parent": 396124413,
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"name": "Merwedeplein 37-II, Amsterdam",
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"name_en": "Merwedeplein 37-II, Amsterdam",
"uuid": "838a9a83-171f-44ec-8a97-0024ebf8b5b6",
"content": "<p>Anne first wrote in her diary, which she was given for her thirteenth birthday on <strong>12 June 1942</strong>, in the apartment. Three weeks later the family went into hiding.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Ymere housing corporation bought the property in <strong>2004</strong>, and restored the building in its original 1930s style in partnership with the Anne Frank House,<sup data-footnote-id=\"nd7jx\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> which became the owner of the Frank’s family former home on Merwedeplein in <strong>2017</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Four <em>Stolpersteine</em> (stumbling stones) commemorate the stay of the Frank family at this address.<sup data-footnote-id=\"vmdal\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> The interior of the Frank's family former home can be seen in 3D via Google Arts & Culture.<sup data-footnote-id=\"w25lk\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nd7jx\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>See: Piet de Rooy e.a., <em>Het andere huis van Anne Frank: geschiedenis en toekomst van een schrijvershuis</em>, Bussum: Thoth, 2006</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vmdal\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>See: Stolpersteine.app: <a href=\"https://map.stolpersteine.app/nl/amsterdam/locaties/merwedeplein-37-ll-zuid\" target=\"_blank\">Merwedeplein 37-II Zuid</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"w25lk\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Google Arts & Culture, <a href=\"https://artsandculture.google.com/story/NgVBtLmxVrkeKA\">Anne Frank's family home</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Anne schreef hier voor het eerst in het dagboek dat ze voor haar dertiende verjaardag, op <strong>12 juni 1942</strong>, kreeg. Drie weken later dook de familie Frank onder.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Woningcorporatie Ymere kocht de woning in <strong>2004</strong> en restaureerde het pand in de oorspronkelijke jaren-dertig-stijl, in samenwerking met de Anne Frank Stichting,<sup data-footnote-id=\"s3yje\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> die in <strong>2017</strong> eigenaar werd van de voormalige woning van de familie Frank aan het Merwedeplein.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Vier <em>Stolpersteine</em> herinneren aan het verblijf van de familie Frank op dit adres.<sup data-footnote-id=\"vmdal\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Op de website en app van Google Arts & Culture kunnen bezoekers alle vertrekken van het voormalige woonhuis van de familie Frank bekijken door middel van 360 graden beelden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wlu92\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"s3yje\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie: Piet de Rooy e.a., <em>Het andere huis van Anne Frank: geschiedenis en toekomst van een schrijvershuis</em>, Bussum: Thoth, 2006.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vmdal\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie: Stolpersteine.app: <a href=\"https://map.stolpersteine.app/nl/amsterdam/locaties/merwedeplein-37-ll-zuid\" target=\"_blank\">Merwedeplein 37-II Zuid</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wlu92\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Google Arts & Culture, <a href=\"https://artsandculture.google.com/story/NgVBtLmxVrkeKA\" target=\"_blank\">Anne Franks voormalige woonhuis</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Anne first wrote in her diary, which she was given for her thirteenth birthday on <strong>12 June 1942</strong>, in the apartment. Three weeks later the family went into hiding.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Ymere housing corporation bought the property in <strong>2004</strong>, and restored the building in its original 1930s style in partnership with the Anne Frank House,<sup data-footnote-id=\"nd7jx\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> which became the owner of the Frank’s family former home on Merwedeplein in <strong>2017</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Four <em>Stolpersteine</em> (stumbling stones) commemorate the stay of the Frank family at this address.<sup data-footnote-id=\"vmdal\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> The interior of the Frank's family former home can be seen in 3D via Google Arts & Culture.<sup data-footnote-id=\"w25lk\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nd7jx\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>See: Piet de Rooy e.a., <em>Het andere huis van Anne Frank: geschiedenis en toekomst van een schrijvershuis</em>, Bussum: Thoth, 2006</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vmdal\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>See: Stolpersteine.app: <a href=\"https://map.stolpersteine.app/nl/amsterdam/locaties/merwedeplein-37-ll-zuid\" target=\"_blank\">Merwedeplein 37-II Zuid</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"w25lk\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Google Arts & Culture, <a href=\"https://artsandculture.google.com/story/NgVBtLmxVrkeKA\">Anne Frank's family home</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (4.900967 52.345283)",
"summary": "Address of the Frank family's home from 1933 until they went into hiding in July 1942.",
"summary_nl": "Adres van de woning van de familie Frank van 1933 tot hun onderduik in juli 1942.",
"summary_en": "Address of the Frank family's home from 1933 until they went into hiding in July 1942.",
"same_as": null,
"street": "Merwedeplein 37-II",
"zipcode": "",
"city": "Amsterdam",
"state": "",
"land": "",
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