{"id":396124628,"image":null,"url":"https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/c3233be2-3492-455a-94e0-74b662bf1976/","published":true,"uuid":"c3233be2-3492-455a-94e0-74b662bf1976","name":"Pectacon N.V., Handelsmaatschappij","name_nl":"Pectacon N.V., Handelsmaatschappij","name_en":"Pectacon N.V., Handelsmaatschappij","description":"
Opekta's pectin business was seasonal, as fruit was only available in the summer and late summer. To smooth out the sales fluctuations that resulted from this, Otto Frank looked for other products. He found these in 1938 at Pectacon, a trading company in spices and preservatives, which he took over from Johannes Kleiman and Antonius Dunselman shortly after its foundation.
\r\n\r\n1 June 1938: Handelsmaatschappij Pectacon N.V., a company for trading and manufacturing chemical products and foodstuffs, was founded by Jo Kleiman and Ton Dunselman before notary E.J.M. Luykx.[1] As early as 21 October 1938, Otto Frank took over the shares from the founders.[2] Pectacon imported raw materials from Hungary and Belgium; sales were also made to Belgium.[3]
\r\n
\r\nIn its 1939 annual report, Opekta noted its cooperation with Pectacon. Pectacon's trade, unlike Opekta's, was mainly concentrated in the winter months. Opekta hoped to benefit from the cooperation the following year.[4]
In May '41, Pectacon registered a logo with the explanation:
\r\n\r\n'Type of goods: herbs and spices and substitutes for herbs and spices; chemicals and flavourings (aromas) for flavouring and/or preserving food and beverages; pharmaceuticals, medicines, chemicals for medical and hygienic purposes; drying agents; cereal and flour products; starches and starch products; sweeteners; odouriferous substances and flavourings; tea, coffee, cocoa, honey and substitutes for these products; juices, broths and extracts of meat, fish, molluscs and crustaceans, plants, seeds and fruits in liquid, solid or paste form food or beverage colours; soups and soup preparations; yeast and yeast substitutes, raising agents, baking creams, baking powders; custard powders, sauce or gravy preparations, preserved vegetables (for example, ginger, angelica, sucade) malt, malt extract and other malt products, food preparations and beverages consisting essentially of malt, malt extract or malt products; dietetic foodstuffs, vitamin preparations; pectin, binders; polishing, scouring and cleaning preparations.'[5]\r\n\r\n
Pectacon did business with spice broker Van Jinnelt, among other parties. In September and October '39, the following goods arrived through this business partner:
\r\n\r\nSome of these goods the company sold on immediately. Others were processed first. During this period, Pectacon supplied grocery chain SPAR:
\r\n\r\nAnother 1,000 kg of Moroccan coriander arrived in January '41.
\r\n\r\nIn October '41, Pectacon sold to sausage seasoning business EFWEKA:
\r\n\r\nHere we see the first surrogate products already emerging.
\r\n\r\nInitially, the company benefitted from the reform of the Dutch food supply. The reduction in livestock boosted the meat processing industry, for which Pectacon produced spice mixes.[7] Unlike Opekta, production activities for this company took place on the premises. To this end, Pectacon purchased two spice mills from Peppink in early 1941, which it resold to Gies & Co when it was 'aryanised'.[2]
\r\n\r\nOn 25 March 1942, the ascription of the licence passed to Gies & Co.[2]
\r\n\r\nBy September 1941, the company already had more than 22,000 guilders in undistributed profits on its balance sheet. That was eleven times as much as the paid-in share capital at the end of 1938. In short, until its liquidation, Pectacon was an extremely profitable company.[2]
\r\n\r\n22 October 1940: promulgation of Verordnung über die Anmeldung von Unternehmen (VO 189/40), published 26 October 1940. This regulation required Jewish owners to register their businesses. It was the first step in the so-called Wirtschaftsentjudung (business 'aryanisation').
\r\n\r\n23 October 1940: because Otto Frank was managing director of Pectacon and to have an alternative in the wings in case of forced aryanisation, La Synthèse was founded with Kugler as managing director and Jan Gies as supervisory director. On 8 May 1941, this firm adopted the name N.V. Handelsvereniging Gies & Co. Its objective and operations were similar to those of Pectacon.[8]
\r\n\r\nAccording to its own statement, it was decided at the shareholders' meeting on 13 February 1941 to place the shares still in the portfolio worth NLG 8,000. On 4 April 1941, the founders Kleiman and Dunselman paid NLG 5,000 and NLG 3,000 respectively in this context.[2] As a result, Otto's share in the share capital dropped to 20 per cent. This meant that his share thus fell below the crucial limit of 25 per cent, which was the criterion for a 'Jewish' company and thus for registration with the Wirtschaftsprüfstelle.
\r\n\r\nNew interim certificates for the newly issued shares were issued on 4 April 1941.[9]
\r\n\r\nOn 12 September 1941: K.O.M. Wolters was appointed administrator of Pectacon under section 7 of the Ordinance for the Removal of Jews from Business, with instructions to liquidate the company.[10] Kleiman and Otto went to Wolters' office to discuss the matter. Wolters agreed to Kleiman's proposal to initiate liquidation himself within eight to 10 days. This allowed Kleiman and Otto to channel machinery and stock to Gies & Co, then still in Hilversum.[11] They sold almost everything at a loss to Gies & Co. Only the office inventory made a profit; they sold it to Wolters himself.[2] The loss made during the liquidation was 14,000 guilders.
\r\n\r\nThe balance after liquidation was 18,000 guilders. Kleiman received 5,000 guilders and Dunselman 3,000 guilders. The remaining 10,000 guilders, after deducting 2,300 guilders for the Wirtschaftsprüfstelle, was deposited at the bank Lippmann-Rosenthal-Sarphatistraat. Gies & Co. moved to Prinsengracht 263; Pectacon was located at Rokin 6, Wolters' office (the Peek & Cloppenburg building on Dam Square in Amsterdam) during the liquidation phase.[11] Moreover, the distribution of the liquidation value went against Wolters' proposal. The latter had in fact proposed to divide the remaining balance in proportion to share ownership, i.e. 50 per cent to Kleiman, 30 per cent to Dunselman and the remaining 20 per cent to Lippman, Rosenthal & co Sarphatistraat, in favour of Otto Frank.[2] In practice, Kleiman and Dunselman only received their April 1941 deposit back, with no profit sharing.
\r\n\r\nWhen Otto Frank returned from Auschwitz, Pectacon was revived.
\r\n\r\nA son of Joop Hofhuis wanted to buy Opekta in 1959, but missed out. Years later, he met Kleiman's successor, J. Dikker, at Pectacon and subsequently took over the company after all. [21] This was around 1977. In an interview with Dineke Stam, dated 10 December 1997, Hofhuis said he bought Pectacon "20 years ago".[22] Pectacon continued to exist as Hofhuis F.I.A. Pectacon BV, with the Chamber of Commerce number 31019094.[23]
\r\n
\r\nWhen and how Otto disposed of his Pectacon shares is unclear at the moment, in the absence of sources.
\r\n
\r\nAddresses: Singel 400, Amsterdam; Prinsengracht 263, Amsterdam; Rokin 6 (Wolters office), Amsterdam.
De pectinehandel van Opekta was seizoensgebonden omdat fruit alleen in de zomer en nazomer verkrijgbaar was. Om de omzetfluctuaties die hier het gevolg van waren af te vlakken, zocht Otto Frank andere producten. Die vond hij in 1938 bij Pectacon, handelsonderneming in specerijen en conserveermiddelen, dat hij vlak na oprichting overnam van Johannes Kleiman en Antonius Dunselman.
\r\n\r\n1 juni 1938: Handelsmaatschappij Pectacon N.V., een bedrijf voor handel en fabricatie van chemische producten en levensmiddelen, werd opgericht door Jo Kleiman en Ton Dunselman bij notaris E.J.M. Luykx.[1] Al op 21 oktober 1938 nam Otto Frank de aandelen over van de oprichters.[2] Grondstoffen importeerde Pectacon uit Hongarije en België; naar België vond ook afzet plaats.[3]
\r\n\r\nIn het jaarverslag van 1939 maakte Opekta melding van de samenwerking met Pectacon. De handel van Pectacon was, in tegenstelling tot die van Opekta, voornamelijk in de wintermaanden geconcentreerd. Opekta hoopte het volgende jaar van de samenwerking te kunnen profiteren.[4]
\r\n\r\nIn mei '41 registreerde Pectacon een beeldmerk met daarbij de toelichting:
\r\n\r\n'Soort der waren: kruiden en specerijen en vervangingsmiddelen voor kruiden en specerijen; chemische producten en smaakstoffen (aroma's) voor het aromatiseeren en/of conserveeren van voedings- en genotmiddelen en dranken; pharmaceutische producten, medicijnen, chemische producten voor medische en hygiënische doeleinden; drogerijen; graan- en meelproducten; zetmeel en zetmeelproducten; zoetstoffen; reuk- en smaakessences; thee, koffie, cacao, honing en vervangingsstoffen voor deze waren; sappen, bouillon en extracten van vleesch, visch, week- en schaaldieren, planten, zaden en vruchten in vloeibaren-, vasten- en pastavorm; kleurstoffen voor voedings- en genotmiddelen en dranken; soepen en soeppreparaten; gist en gistpreparaten, rijsmiddelen, bakkerijcrêmes, bakpoeders; puddingpoeders, saus- en juspreparaten, geconserveerde plantendeelen (zooals gember, angelique, sucade); mout, moutextract en andere moutproducten, voedings- en genotmiddelen en dranken, die in hoofdzaak bestaan uit mout, moutextract of moutproducten; diëtische voedingsmiddelen, vitaminepreparaten; pectine, bindmiddelen; poets-, polijst-, schuur- en reinigingsmiddelen.'[5]\r\n\r\n
Pectacon deed onder meer zaken met makelaar in specerijen Van Jinnelt. In september en oktober '39 kwamen via deze zakenpartner de volgende goederen binnen:
\r\n\r\nSommige van deze goederen verkocht het bedrijf meteen door. Andere werden eerst verwerkt. In deze periode leverde Pectacon aan de kruideniersketen SPAR:
\r\n\r\nIn januari '41 kwam er nog eens 1000 kg Marokkaanse koriander.
\r\n\r\nIn oktober '41 verkocht Pectacon aan worstkruidenhandel EFWEKA:
\r\n\r\nHier waren al de eerste surrogaatproducten in opkomst.
\r\n\r\nIn eerste instantie profiteerde het bedrijf van de hervorming van de Nederlandse voedselvoorziening. De reductie van de veestapel stimuleerde de vleesverwerkende industrie, waarvoor Pectacon kruidenmengels produceerde.[7] In tegenstelling tot Opekta vonden er voor dit bedrijf wel productieactiviteiten plaats in het pand. Daarvoor schafte Pectacon begin 1941 bij Peppink twee specerijmolens aan, die het bij de 'arisering' weer doorverkocht aan Gies & Co.[2]
\r\n\r\nOp 25 maart 1942 ging de tenaamstelling van de vergunning over op Gies & Co.[2]
\r\n\r\nIn september 1941 had het bedrijf al meer dan 22.000 gulden aan onverdeelde winsten op de balans staan. Dat was elf maal zoveel als het ingelegde aandelenkapitaal van eind 1938. Kortom, tot aan de liquidatie was Pectacon een uitermate winstgevende onderneming.[2]
\r\n\r\n22 oktober 1940: afkondiging Verordnung über die Anmeldung von Unternehmen (VO 189/40), gepubliceerd 26 oktober 1940. Deze verordening verplichtte Joodse eigenaren hun bedrijven aan te melden. Het was de eerste stap in de zogenaamde Wirtschaftsentjudung (bedrijfseconomische 'arisering').
\r\n\r\n23 oktober 1940: omdat Otto Frank directeur was van Pectacon en om bij gedwongen arisering een alternatief achter de hand te hebben werd La Synthèse opgericht met Kugler als directeur en Jan Gies als commissaris. Op 8 mei 1941 nam deze firma de naam N.V. Handelsvereniging Gies & Co aan. De doelstelling en de werkzaamheden waren gelijk aan die van Pectacon.[8]
\r\n\r\nVolgens eigen opgave werd op de aandeelhoudersvergadering van 13 februari 1941 besloten de zich nog in portefeuille bevindende aandelen terwaarde van fl. 8.000 te plaatsen. Op 4 april 1941 stortten de oprichters Kleiman en Dunselman hiertoe respectievelijk fl. 5.000 en fl. 3.000.[2] Als gevolg hiervan zakte Otto's aandeel in het aandelenkapitaal naar 20 procent. Dat betekende dat zijn aandeel daarmee onder de cruciale grens van 25 procent kwam, die gold als criterium van een 'Joodse' onderneming en zodoende voor aanmelding bij de Wirtschaftsprüfstelle.
\r\n\r\nOp 4 april 1941 werden nieuwe interimbewijzen voor de nieuw uitgegeven aandelen verstrekt.[9]
\r\n\r\n12 september 1941: K.O.M. Wolters werd op grond van paragraaf 7 van de Verordening tot verwijdering van joden uit het bedrijfsleven tot bewindvoerder van Pectacon aangesteld, met de opdracht het bedrijf te liquideren.[10] Kleiman en Otto gingen naar Wolters’ kantoor om de zaak te bespreken. Wolters ging akkoord met Kleimans voorstel om zelf in acht tot tien dagen tot liquidatie over te gaan. Daardoor hadden Kleiman en Otto de mogelijkheid machines en voorraden door te sluizen naar Gies & Co., toen nog in Hilversum.[11] Ze verkochten vrijwel alles met verlies aan Gies & Co. Alleen op de kantoorinventaris werd winst gemaakt; die verkochten ze aan Wolters zelf.[2] Het gemaakte verlies tijdens de liquidatie bedroeg 14.000 gulden.
\r\n\r\nHet saldo na liquidatie bedroeg 18.000 gulden. Kleiman kreeg 5.000 gulden en Dunselman 3.000 gulden. De resterende 10.000 gulden werd na aftrek van 2.300 gulden voor de Wirtschaftsprüfstelle, gestort bij de bank Lippmann-Rosenthal-Sarphatistraat. Gies & Co. verhuisde naar Prinsengracht 263; Pectacon was tijdens de liquidatiefase gevestigd op Rokin 6, Wolters’ kantoor (het Peek & Cloppenburg-gebouw op de Dam in Amsterdam).[11] De verdeling van de liquidatiewaarde ging overigens in tegen het voorstel van Wolters. Die had namelijk voorgesteld het resterende saldo naar rato van het aandelenbezit te verdelen, d.w.z. 50 procent naar Kleiman, 30 procent naar Dunselman en de resterende 20 procent naar Lippman, Rosenthal & co Sarphatistraat, ten gunste van Otto Frank.[2] In praktijk ontvingen Kleiman en Dunselman alleen hun inleg uit april 1941 retour, zonder winstdeling.
\r\n\r\nToen Otto Frank uit Auschwitz terugkwam werd Pectacon nieuw leven ingeblazen.
\r\n\r\nEen zoon van Joop Hofhuis wilde in 1959 Opekta kopen, maar viste achter het net. Jaren later kwam hij Kleimans opvolger, J. Dikker, bij Pectacon tegen en nam het bedrijf vervolgens alsnog over. [21] Dit was rond 1977. In een interview met Dineke Stam, d.d. 10 december 1997, zei Hofhuis dat hij Pectacon “20 jaar geleden” kocht.[22] Pectacon bestond voort als Hofhuis F.I.A. Pectacon BV, met als KvK-nummer 31019094.[23]
\r\n
\r\nWanneer en hoe Otto zijn Pectacon-aandelen van de hand deed, is op dit moment bij gebrek aan bronnen niet te zeggen.
\r\n
\r\nAdressen: Singel 400, Amsterdam; Prinsengracht 263, Amsterdam; Rokin 6 (kantoor Wolters), Amsterdam.
Opekta's pectin business was seasonal, as fruit was only available in the summer and late summer. To smooth out the sales fluctuations that resulted from this, Otto Frank looked for other products. He found these in 1938 at Pectacon, a trading company in spices and preservatives, which he took over from Johannes Kleiman and Antonius Dunselman shortly after its foundation.
\r\n\r\n1 June 1938: Handelsmaatschappij Pectacon N.V., a company for trading and manufacturing chemical products and foodstuffs, was founded by Jo Kleiman and Ton Dunselman before notary E.J.M. Luykx.[1] As early as 21 October 1938, Otto Frank took over the shares from the founders.[2] Pectacon imported raw materials from Hungary and Belgium; sales were also made to Belgium.[3]
\r\n
\r\nIn its 1939 annual report, Opekta noted its cooperation with Pectacon. Pectacon's trade, unlike Opekta's, was mainly concentrated in the winter months. Opekta hoped to benefit from the cooperation the following year.[4]
In May '41, Pectacon registered a logo with the explanation:
\r\n\r\n'Type of goods: herbs and spices and substitutes for herbs and spices; chemicals and flavourings (aromas) for flavouring and/or preserving food and beverages; pharmaceuticals, medicines, chemicals for medical and hygienic purposes; drying agents; cereal and flour products; starches and starch products; sweeteners; odouriferous substances and flavourings; tea, coffee, cocoa, honey and substitutes for these products; juices, broths and extracts of meat, fish, molluscs and crustaceans, plants, seeds and fruits in liquid, solid or paste form food or beverage colours; soups and soup preparations; yeast and yeast substitutes, raising agents, baking creams, baking powders; custard powders, sauce or gravy preparations, preserved vegetables (for example, ginger, angelica, sucade) malt, malt extract and other malt products, food preparations and beverages consisting essentially of malt, malt extract or malt products; dietetic foodstuffs, vitamin preparations; pectin, binders; polishing, scouring and cleaning preparations.'[5]\r\n\r\n
Pectacon did business with spice broker Van Jinnelt, among other parties. In September and October '39, the following goods arrived through this business partner:
\r\n\r\nSome of these goods the company sold on immediately. Others were processed first. During this period, Pectacon supplied grocery chain SPAR:
\r\n\r\nAnother 1,000 kg of Moroccan coriander arrived in January '41.
\r\n\r\nIn October '41, Pectacon sold to sausage seasoning business EFWEKA:
\r\n\r\nHere we see the first surrogate products already emerging.
\r\n\r\nInitially, the company benefitted from the reform of the Dutch food supply. The reduction in livestock boosted the meat processing industry, for which Pectacon produced spice mixes.[7] Unlike Opekta, production activities for this company took place on the premises. To this end, Pectacon purchased two spice mills from Peppink in early 1941, which it resold to Gies & Co when it was 'aryanised'.[2]
\r\n\r\nOn 25 March 1942, the ascription of the licence passed to Gies & Co.[2]
\r\n\r\nBy September 1941, the company already had more than 22,000 guilders in undistributed profits on its balance sheet. That was eleven times as much as the paid-in share capital at the end of 1938. In short, until its liquidation, Pectacon was an extremely profitable company.[2]
\r\n\r\n22 October 1940: promulgation of Verordnung über die Anmeldung von Unternehmen (VO 189/40), published 26 October 1940. This regulation required Jewish owners to register their businesses. It was the first step in the so-called Wirtschaftsentjudung (business 'aryanisation').
\r\n\r\n23 October 1940: because Otto Frank was managing director of Pectacon and to have an alternative in the wings in case of forced aryanisation, La Synthèse was founded with Kugler as managing director and Jan Gies as supervisory director. On 8 May 1941, this firm adopted the name N.V. Handelsvereniging Gies & Co. Its objective and operations were similar to those of Pectacon.[8]
\r\n\r\nAccording to its own statement, it was decided at the shareholders' meeting on 13 February 1941 to place the shares still in the portfolio worth NLG 8,000. On 4 April 1941, the founders Kleiman and Dunselman paid NLG 5,000 and NLG 3,000 respectively in this context.[2] As a result, Otto's share in the share capital dropped to 20 per cent. This meant that his share thus fell below the crucial limit of 25 per cent, which was the criterion for a 'Jewish' company and thus for registration with the Wirtschaftsprüfstelle.
\r\n\r\nNew interim certificates for the newly issued shares were issued on 4 April 1941.[9]
\r\n\r\nOn 12 September 1941: K.O.M. Wolters was appointed administrator of Pectacon under section 7 of the Ordinance for the Removal of Jews from Business, with instructions to liquidate the company.[10] Kleiman and Otto went to Wolters' office to discuss the matter. Wolters agreed to Kleiman's proposal to initiate liquidation himself within eight to 10 days. This allowed Kleiman and Otto to channel machinery and stock to Gies & Co, then still in Hilversum.[11] They sold almost everything at a loss to Gies & Co. Only the office inventory made a profit; they sold it to Wolters himself.[2] The loss made during the liquidation was 14,000 guilders.
\r\n\r\nThe balance after liquidation was 18,000 guilders. Kleiman received 5,000 guilders and Dunselman 3,000 guilders. The remaining 10,000 guilders, after deducting 2,300 guilders for the Wirtschaftsprüfstelle, was deposited at the bank Lippmann-Rosenthal-Sarphatistraat. Gies & Co. moved to Prinsengracht 263; Pectacon was located at Rokin 6, Wolters' office (the Peek & Cloppenburg building on Dam Square in Amsterdam) during the liquidation phase.[11] Moreover, the distribution of the liquidation value went against Wolters' proposal. The latter had in fact proposed to divide the remaining balance in proportion to share ownership, i.e. 50 per cent to Kleiman, 30 per cent to Dunselman and the remaining 20 per cent to Lippman, Rosenthal & co Sarphatistraat, in favour of Otto Frank.[2] In practice, Kleiman and Dunselman only received their April 1941 deposit back, with no profit sharing.
\r\n\r\nWhen Otto Frank returned from Auschwitz, Pectacon was revived.
\r\n\r\nA son of Joop Hofhuis wanted to buy Opekta in 1959, but missed out. Years later, he met Kleiman's successor, J. Dikker, at Pectacon and subsequently took over the company after all. [21] This was around 1977. In an interview with Dineke Stam, dated 10 December 1997, Hofhuis said he bought Pectacon "20 years ago".[22] Pectacon continued to exist as Hofhuis F.I.A. Pectacon BV, with the Chamber of Commerce number 31019094.[23]
\r\n
\r\nWhen and how Otto disposed of his Pectacon shares is unclear at the moment, in the absence of sources.
\r\n
\r\nAddresses: Singel 400, Amsterdam; Prinsengracht 263, Amsterdam; Rokin 6 (Wolters office), Amsterdam.