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{
    "id": 396124585,
    "image": {
        "id": 976,
        "uuid": "9003da16-d335-4455-b00a-fed01e854766",
        "name": "Fritz Pfeffer als soldaat",
        "title": "Foto van Fritz Pfeffer, waarschijnlijk Berlijn, 1916",
        "alt": "Fotograaf: onbekend. Collectie: Anne Frank Stichting.",
        "url": "https://images.memorix.nl/anf/thumb/1920x1080/ec9defd6-59ef-370f-57f2-5dbc51b9dd52.jpg",
        "path": null,
        "filetype": "image",
        "description": "In de Eerste Wereldoorlog diende Fritz Pfeffer in het Duitse leger. Hij ontving een militaire onderscheiding.",
        "author": "De collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek",
        "copyright": "Status onduidelijk"
    },
    "url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/5779a3e8-69ad-471c-8c74-055b077b6905/",
    "published": true,
    "uuid": "5779a3e8-69ad-471c-8c74-055b077b6905",
    "name": "Fritz Pfeffer during World War I",
    "name_nl": "Fritz Pfeffer tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog",
    "name_en": "Fritz Pfeffer during World War I",
    "description": "<p>There are three known photographs of Pfeffer in military uniform. It is possible to draw inferences about Pfeffer&#39;s military experiences from some of the details. The chronological order of the photographs is uncertain. There is also some information from Pfeffer&#39;s hand.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>The first photo shows Fritz Pfeffer in military uniform, sitting in a chair (see photo above). The photo was probably taken in Berlin. The handwritten text to brother Hans reads:<em>&nbsp;&quot;Lieber Hans Bevor ich abreise herzlichen Gluckw&uuml;nsche zum Neuen Jahr, baldiger Frieden u gesund Wiedersehen</em>.&quot;<sup data-footnote-id=\"t264g\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The second photo also shows Pfeffer in military uniform. Pfeffer is shown here in half figure, and without headgear. The photo was taken by <em>Atelier Borst,&nbsp;Bahnhofstr. 61, Giessen</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xzs2s\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The third photo shows that Pfeffer had received a decoration: in it he wears an Iron Cross II.<sup data-footnote-id=\"bix4t\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> This decoration was widely handed out in the later years of the war to keep up morale.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the second photo, a <em>Schulterklappe</em> is clearly visible. This shows that he was with <em>Infantry Regiment No 116</em>. The braided wire along the rim makes him recognisable as a one-year volunteer, which were mainly highly trained soldiers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ibfud\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> This was the <em>2. Gro&szlig;herzoglich Hessisches Infanterie-Regiment &quot;Kaiser Wilhelm No</em> <em>116&quot;</em>, based in Giessen. The regiment was part of the <em>25. Gro&szlig;herzogliche Hessische Division</em>, from Darmstadt, which itself belonged to the <em>XVIII Armeekorps</em>, from Frankfurt am Main.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xzbuk\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> The<em> XVIII Arm</em><em>eekorps </em>was part of the <em>4. Armee. </em>The <em>c</em>ommander of the 116. Regiment was <em>Oberst</em> Schimmelpfennig.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9d5bx\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the first and third photos, Pfeffer is recognisable as a non-commissioned officer of a guard regiment. The 116th did not have that status. In Pfeffer&#39;s own review below, he mentioned the <em>1. Garde 52. Infanterie-Division</em>. However, he said he was transferred more often.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0ddfd\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In a <strong>1920</strong> letter to his old classmates, Pfeffer revealed some details. From <strong>8 August 1914</strong> to <strong>December 1918</strong>, he was in the army and changed units repeatedly. He ended up in different regiments and with the medical troops and toured Europe several times:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>On <strong>8 August 1914</strong>, he went to war as a non-commissioned officer with his <em>Garde-F&uuml;silier-Regiment</em>. He was in France until <strong>April 1915</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Transfer to the <em>Feldlazarett</em> of the <em>1. Garde 52. Infanterie-Division</em>.</li>\r\n\t<li>With Von Mackensen&#39;s army, he marched&nbsp;from Tarnow (Galicia, Poland) to Brest-Litowsk<strong> (April-September 1915</strong>).</li>\r\n\t<li>After Poland and Belarus, back to France.</li>\r\n\t<li>From <strong>August</strong> to <strong>October 1917</strong>, he participated with his unit in the capture of Tarnopol (Ukraine) and Riga (Latvia).</li>\r\n\t<li>After Ukraine and Latvia, back to France.</li>\r\n\t<li>In 1918, offensives at Amiens, Chemin des Dames and the Marne, and retreat of the Siegfried Line at Namur.</li>\r\n\t<li>One day before the armistice (i.e. <strong>10 November 1918</strong>) appointment as <em>Feldzahnartzt</em>.</li>\r\n\t<li>In <strong>December 1918</strong>, he was discharged from service and returned to his practice in Berlin.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k8sg8\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t264g\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Pfeffer_III_034.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xzs2s\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Pfeffer_III_045.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bix4t\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>E-mail Willem Arends aan Menno Metselaar (AFS), 13 augustus 2003. De bedoelde foto heeft nog geen registratiecode.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ibfud\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijlage e-mail Milit&auml;rgeschichtliches Forschungsamt (Potsdam) aan Menno Metselaar (AFS), 29 september 2010.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xzbuk\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie: <a href=\"http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infanterie-Regiment_”Kaiser_Wilhelm”_(Großherzoglich_Hessisches)_Nr._116\" target=\"_blank\">http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infanterie-Regiment_&rdquo;Kaiser_Wilhelm&rdquo;_(Gro&szlig;herzoglich_Hessisches)_Nr._116</a> (19 september 2010).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9d5bx\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie: <a href=\"http://www.1914-18.info\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.1914-18.info</a> (19 september 2010).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0ddfd\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Histories of two hunderd and fifty-one divisions of the German army which participated in the war (1914-1918). Compiled from records of intelligence of General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces at General Headquarters, Chaumont , France, 1919,&nbsp;Washington DC : G.P.O., 1920, p. 351 (<a href=\"http://www.vlib.us/wwi/resources/germanarmywwi.html\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.vlib.us/wwi/resources/germanarmywwi.html</a>).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k8sg8\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Brief aan zijn klasgenoten, transcriptie in J&uuml;rgen Dauernheim, &quot;Dr. Fritz Pfeffer aus Gie&szlig;en - Anne Franks &quot;Dr. Dussel&quot; (Eine Erg&auml;nzung)&quot; in:&nbsp;<em>Mitteilungen des Oberhessischen Geschichtvereins Giessen</em>, vol. 97, 2012, p. 221-227, aldaar 223.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
    "description_nl": "<p>Er zijn drie foto&rsquo;s bekend&nbsp;van Pfeffer in militair uniform. Uit enkele details zijn gevolgtrekkingen te maken over Pfeffers militaire ervaringen. De chronologische volgorde van de foto&rsquo;s is onzeker. Verder is er enige informatie van Pfeffers hand beschikbaar.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>De eerste foto toont Fritz Pfeffer in militair uniform, zittend in een stoel (zie foto hierboven). De foto is waarschijnlijk genomen in Berlijn. De handgeschreven tekst aan broer Hans luidt: &#39;<em>Lieber Hans Bevor ich abreise herzlichen Gluckw&uuml;nsche zum Neuen Jahr, baldiger Frieden u gesund Wiedersehen</em>.&#39;<sup data-footnote-id=\"t264g\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De tweede foto toont Pfeffer eveneens in militair uniform. Pfeffer staat hier op ten halven lijve, en zonder hoofddeksel. De foto is gemaakt door <em>Atelier Borst, Bahnhofstr. 61, Giessen</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xzs2s\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Uit de derde foto blijkt dat Pfeffer een decoratie had gekregen: hij draagt hierop een <em>Eiserne Kreuz II</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"bix4t\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Deze onderscheiding werd&nbsp;in de latere jaren van de oorlog op grote schaal uitgedeeld om het moreel hoog te houden.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op de tweede foto is een <em>Schulterklappe</em>&nbsp;goed zichtbaar. Hieruit blijkt dat hij bij het <em>Infanterie Regiment No. 116</em>&nbsp;zat. De gevlochten draad langs de rand maakt hem herkenbaar als eenjarige vrijwilliger, wat&nbsp;voornamelijk hoogopgeleiden waren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ibfud\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> &nbsp;Dit was het <em>2. Gro&szlig;herzoglich Hessisches Infanterie-Regiment &bdquo;Kaiser Wilhelm Nr. 116&quot;</em>, met standplaats Giessen. Het regiment maakte deel uit van de <em>25. Gro&szlig;herzogliche Hessische Division</em>, uit Darmstadt, dat zelf weer behoorde&nbsp;tot het <em>XVIII Armeekorps</em>, uit Frankfurt am Main.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xzbuk\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup>&nbsp;Het<em> XVIII Armeekorps</em> was&nbsp;onderdeel van het <em>4. Armee. </em>Commandant van het 116. Regiment was&nbsp;<em>Oberst</em> Schimmelpfennig.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9d5bx\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op de eerste en de derde foto is Pfeffer herkenbaar als onderofficier van een Garderegiment. Het 116e had&nbsp;niet die status. In Pfeffers eigen overzicht hieronder noemde&nbsp;hij de <em>1. Garde 52. Infanterie-Division</em>. Hij werd&nbsp;echter naar eigen zeggen vaker overgeplaatst.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0ddfd\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In een brief uit&nbsp;<strong>1920</strong>&nbsp;aan zijn oude klasgenoten gaf&nbsp;Pfeffer een aantal details prijs. Van <strong>8 augustus 1914</strong>&nbsp;tot <strong>december 1918</strong> zat hij in het leger en wisselde&nbsp;herhaaldelijk van onderdeel. Zo kwam&nbsp;hij in verschillende regimenten en bij de geneeskundige troepen terecht en trok&nbsp;enkele keren Europa door:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Op <strong>8 augustus 1914</strong>&nbsp;trekt hij als onderofficier met zijn <em>Garde-F&uuml;silier-Regiment</em> ten strijde. Tot <strong>april 1915</strong> is hij in Frankrijk.</li>\r\n\t<li>Overplaatsting naar het&nbsp;<em>Feldlazarett</em>&nbsp;van de <em>1. Garde 52. Infanterie-Division</em>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Met het leger van Von Mackensen trekt hij van Tarnow (Galici&euml;, Polen)&nbsp;naar Brest-Litowsk (<strong>april - september 1915</strong>).</li>\r\n\t<li>Na Polen en Wit-Rusland terug naar Frankrijk.</li>\r\n\t<li>Van <strong>augustus</strong> tot <strong>oktober&nbsp;1917</strong> neemt hij met zijn eenheid deel aan de inname van Tarnopol (Oekraine) en Riga (Letland).</li>\r\n\t<li>Na Oekraine en Letland terug naar Frankrijk.</li>\r\n\t<li>In 1918&nbsp;offensieven bij Amiens, Chemin des Dames en de Marne, en terugtocht van de <em>Siegfriedlinie</em> bij Namen.</li>\r\n\t<li>E&eacute;n dag voor de wapenstilstand (d.w.z.&nbsp;<strong>10 november 1918</strong>) benoeming tot&nbsp;<em>Feldzahnartzt</em>.</li>\r\n\t<li>In&nbsp;<strong>december 1918</strong>&nbsp;wordt hij uit dienst ontslagen en keert terug naar zijn praktijk in Berlijn.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k8sg8\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t264g\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Pfeffer_III_034.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xzs2s\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Pfeffer_III_045.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bix4t\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>E-mail Willem Arends aan Menno Metselaar (AFS), 13 augustus 2003. De bedoelde foto heeft nog geen registratiecode.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ibfud\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijlage e-mail Milit&auml;rgeschichtliches Forschungsamt (Potsdam) aan Menno Metselaar (AFS), 29 september 2010.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xzbuk\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie: <a href=\"http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infanterie-Regiment_”Kaiser_Wilhelm”_(Großherzoglich_Hessisches)_Nr._116\" target=\"_blank\">http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infanterie-Regiment_&rdquo;Kaiser_Wilhelm&rdquo;_(Gro&szlig;herzoglich_Hessisches)_Nr._116</a> (19 september 2010).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9d5bx\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie: <a href=\"http://www.1914-18.info\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.1914-18.info</a> (19 september 2010).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0ddfd\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Histories of two hunderd and fifty-one divisions of the German army which participated in the war (1914-1918). Compiled from records of intelligence of General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces at General Headquarters, Chaumont , France, 1919,&nbsp;Washington DC : G.P.O., 1920, p. 351 (<a href=\"http://www.vlib.us/wwi/resources/germanarmywwi.html\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.vlib.us/wwi/resources/germanarmywwi.html</a>).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k8sg8\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Brief aan zijn klasgenoten, transcriptie in J&uuml;rgen Dauernheim, &quot;Dr. Fritz Pfeffer aus Gie&szlig;en - Anne Franks &quot;Dr. Dussel&quot; (Eine Erg&auml;nzung)&quot; in:&nbsp;<em>Mitteilungen des Oberhessischen Geschichtvereins Giessen</em>, vol. 97, 2012, p. 221-227, aldaar 223.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
    "description_en": "<p>There are three known photographs of Pfeffer in military uniform. It is possible to draw inferences about Pfeffer&#39;s military experiences from some of the details. The chronological order of the photographs is uncertain. There is also some information from Pfeffer&#39;s hand.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>The first photo shows Fritz Pfeffer in military uniform, sitting in a chair (see photo above). The photo was probably taken in Berlin. The handwritten text to brother Hans reads:<em>&nbsp;&quot;Lieber Hans Bevor ich abreise herzlichen Gluckw&uuml;nsche zum Neuen Jahr, baldiger Frieden u gesund Wiedersehen</em>.&quot;<sup data-footnote-id=\"t264g\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The second photo also shows Pfeffer in military uniform. Pfeffer is shown here in half figure, and without headgear. The photo was taken by <em>Atelier Borst,&nbsp;Bahnhofstr. 61, Giessen</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xzs2s\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The third photo shows that Pfeffer had received a decoration: in it he wears an Iron Cross II.<sup data-footnote-id=\"bix4t\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> This decoration was widely handed out in the later years of the war to keep up morale.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the second photo, a <em>Schulterklappe</em> is clearly visible. This shows that he was with <em>Infantry Regiment No 116</em>. The braided wire along the rim makes him recognisable as a one-year volunteer, which were mainly highly trained soldiers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ibfud\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> This was the <em>2. Gro&szlig;herzoglich Hessisches Infanterie-Regiment &quot;Kaiser Wilhelm No</em> <em>116&quot;</em>, based in Giessen. The regiment was part of the <em>25. Gro&szlig;herzogliche Hessische Division</em>, from Darmstadt, which itself belonged to the <em>XVIII Armeekorps</em>, from Frankfurt am Main.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xzbuk\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> The<em> XVIII Arm</em><em>eekorps </em>was part of the <em>4. Armee. </em>The <em>c</em>ommander of the 116. Regiment was <em>Oberst</em> Schimmelpfennig.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9d5bx\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the first and third photos, Pfeffer is recognisable as a non-commissioned officer of a guard regiment. The 116th did not have that status. In Pfeffer&#39;s own review below, he mentioned the <em>1. Garde 52. Infanterie-Division</em>. However, he said he was transferred more often.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0ddfd\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In a <strong>1920</strong> letter to his old classmates, Pfeffer revealed some details. From <strong>8 August 1914</strong> to <strong>December 1918</strong>, he was in the army and changed units repeatedly. He ended up in different regiments and with the medical troops and toured Europe several times:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>On <strong>8 August 1914</strong>, he went to war as a non-commissioned officer with his <em>Garde-F&uuml;silier-Regiment</em>. He was in France until <strong>April 1915</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Transfer to the <em>Feldlazarett</em> of the <em>1. Garde 52. Infanterie-Division</em>.</li>\r\n\t<li>With Von Mackensen&#39;s army, he marched&nbsp;from Tarnow (Galicia, Poland) to Brest-Litowsk<strong> (April-September 1915</strong>).</li>\r\n\t<li>After Poland and Belarus, back to France.</li>\r\n\t<li>From <strong>August</strong> to <strong>October 1917</strong>, he participated with his unit in the capture of Tarnopol (Ukraine) and Riga (Latvia).</li>\r\n\t<li>After Ukraine and Latvia, back to France.</li>\r\n\t<li>In 1918, offensives at Amiens, Chemin des Dames and the Marne, and retreat of the Siegfried Line at Namur.</li>\r\n\t<li>One day before the armistice (i.e. <strong>10 November 1918</strong>) appointment as <em>Feldzahnartzt</em>.</li>\r\n\t<li>In <strong>December 1918</strong>, he was discharged from service and returned to his practice in Berlin.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k8sg8\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t264g\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Pfeffer_III_034.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xzs2s\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Pfeffer_III_045.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bix4t\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>E-mail Willem Arends aan Menno Metselaar (AFS), 13 augustus 2003. De bedoelde foto heeft nog geen registratiecode.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ibfud\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijlage e-mail Milit&auml;rgeschichtliches Forschungsamt (Potsdam) aan Menno Metselaar (AFS), 29 september 2010.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xzbuk\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie: <a href=\"http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infanterie-Regiment_”Kaiser_Wilhelm”_(Großherzoglich_Hessisches)_Nr._116\" target=\"_blank\">http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infanterie-Regiment_&rdquo;Kaiser_Wilhelm&rdquo;_(Gro&szlig;herzoglich_Hessisches)_Nr._116</a> (19 september 2010).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9d5bx\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie: <a href=\"http://www.1914-18.info\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.1914-18.info</a> (19 september 2010).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0ddfd\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Histories of two hunderd and fifty-one divisions of the German army which participated in the war (1914-1918). Compiled from records of intelligence of General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces at General Headquarters, Chaumont , France, 1919,&nbsp;Washington DC : G.P.O., 1920, p. 351 (<a href=\"http://www.vlib.us/wwi/resources/germanarmywwi.html\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.vlib.us/wwi/resources/germanarmywwi.html</a>).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k8sg8\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Brief aan zijn klasgenoten, transcriptie in J&uuml;rgen Dauernheim, &quot;Dr. Fritz Pfeffer aus Gie&szlig;en - Anne Franks &quot;Dr. Dussel&quot; (Eine Erg&auml;nzung)&quot; in:&nbsp;<em>Mitteilungen des Oberhessischen Geschichtvereins Giessen</em>, vol. 97, 2012, p. 221-227, aldaar 223.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
    "summary": "Fritz Pfeffer served in the German army during World War I.",
    "summary_nl": "Fritz Pfeffer diende tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog in het Duitse leger.",
    "summary_en": "Fritz Pfeffer served in the German army during World War I.",
    "same_as": null,
    "parent": 396124549,
    "files": []
}