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{
"id": 197,
"image": {
"id": 961,
"uuid": "db44a63d-4943-421a-a9a7-025e7c66544a",
"name": "Annes tafeltje",
"title": "Annes tafeltjes",
"alt": "Fotograaf: Allard Bovenberg. Collectie: Anne Frank Stichting.",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/Annes-tafeltje.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "Anne zat graag aan het tafeltje in haar kamer te schrijven, te lezen en te leren. Foto van het heringerichte Achterhuis.",
"author": "De collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek",
"copyright": "AFS rechthebbende"
},
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/58b5fe11-0b39-46e0-809e-1e1a5eccb1e7/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "58b5fe11-0b39-46e0-809e-1e1a5eccb1e7",
"name": "The writer Anne Frank",
"name_nl": "De schrijfster Anne Frank",
"name_en": "The writer Anne Frank",
"description": "<p>Anne Frank's diaries underpin everything that has become known about Anne Frank and the history of the time in hiding. After all, it is almost exclusively Anne's writings that document the course of the 25 months in hiding.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>The handwritten manuscript of Anne Frank's diaries, on the basis of which Otto Frank compiled the first edition of The Secret Annex<strong> (1947</strong>), consists of a red checked booklet, two cardboard notebooks and over 200 sheets of coloured copy paper<em>. </em>Otto Frank bequeathed his daughter Anne's manuscripts from the period of hiding to the State of the Netherlands. Since June 2009, they have been with the Anne Frank House. Since the scholarly edition of the diaries<strong> (1986</strong>), it has been customary to refer to these manuscripts successively as diaries 1, 2 and 3 (or A-version) and <em>the loose sheets</em> (or B-version).<sup data-footnote-id=\"4ffai\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Diaries 1, 2 and 3 contain Anne Frank's original diary entries. On the loose sheets, she began rewriting and editing her original diary entries in the <strong>spring of 1944</strong> with the intention of writing a novel entitled <em>The Secret Annex</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f1dc0\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Together with the Storybook, the Favourite Quotes Notebook and the Blanco Monster Electro Huishoudboek (photo album), these manuscripts form Anne Frank's legacy from the hiding period in the Secret Annex.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Before going into hiding</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>From before the period in hiding, a number of letters written by Anne to her father and to her family in Switzerland have been preserved.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pmxn2\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In Anne's handwriting, a number of rhymes are known in the poetry albums of her friends. Rhymes by Anne are known to exist in the albums of Juultje Ketellapper, Henny Scheerder, Mary Bos, Kitty Egyedi, Jacqueline van Maarsen, Hanneli Goslar, Ytje Swilens, Bep Groot Batavé, Dinie van Amelsbeek.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pu8at\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Also surviving from this period is the '<em>Egypt Book'</em>, a cardboard notebook in which Anne (re)wrote comments on pictures cut from a <em>Kunst in Beeld</em> worksheet on the history of Egypt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"z8c1l\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> It is assumed that this was an assignment made in the first year of secondary school. A similar piece of work was made by a former classmate of Anne Frank at the 6th Montessori school, Klaartje Musikant in the first year of HBS.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Classmates at the 6th Montessori school say Anne was writing stories back then.<sup data-footnote-id=\"n0ywz\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> None of these survived, however.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In his book, Ernst Schnabel quoted Mr van Gelder, Anne's teacher in the first to fourth grades of the 6th Montessori school, as saying that Anne wrote good essays and wanted to be a writer.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3lecx\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne received the famous red checked diary for her thirteenth birthday on <strong>12 June 1942</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qs43h\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> She addresses her first real diary entry on <strong>14 June</strong> to her diary self:<em> 'I'll begin from the moment I got you, the moment I saw you lying on the table among my other birthday presents. (I went along when you were bought, but that doesn't count).'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"rjia3\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> When she went into hiding a few weeks later with her parents and sister Margot, the diary is the first thing she packed, she later writes.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jgez0\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Passage of time</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>Wednesday 8 July 1942,</strong> Anne wrote in her diary for the first time while in hiding.<sup data-footnote-id=\"rjia3\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> She describes the day of Margot's call-up for labour and going into hiding. The second note is a reflection on her birthday exactly a month before.<sup data-footnote-id=\"eurr5\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> This first diary runs until <strong>5 December 1942</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ajkpt\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup><em> "I may perhaps ask Bep if she could go to Perrij and see if they still sell diaries, otherwise I'll have to get a notebook soon, because my diary is getting full, too bad! I can fortunately stretch it a bit with the leaves I have stuck between them," </em>Anne wrote on <strong>20 October 1942</strong><em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"c4jc6\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup> Bep Voskuijl explained that Anne asked her for a diary that could be locked with a key, but that she did not manage to find such a thing at the time<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"s0xga\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup> On <strong>2 May 1943</strong> and on <strong>22 January 1944</strong>, Anne retrospectively added notes<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"r3kqv\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup> She also wrote then that by now she considered it a waste of the pages left empty<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"z5m8v\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Whatever the case, the following diary or diaries are missing. The second surviving diary begins with the entry of <strong>22 December 1943</strong> and runs until <strong>17 April 1943</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"huhu0\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup> The third diary follows this and runs from <strong>18 April 1943</strong> to <strong>1 August</strong> <strong>1944</strong> (three days before the arrest of the people in hiding and two of their helpers).<sup data-footnote-id=\"tl0wp\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup> A whole year's worth of diary is therefore missing.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Joop ter Heul</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>From the very first page, Anne addresses her diary personally, making her diary a friend.<sup data-footnote-id=\"c9ahq\"><a href=\"#footnote-19\" id=\"footnote-marker-19-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[19]</a></sup> She ends the diary entry of <strong>21 September 1942</strong> with:<em> <strong>'</strong>I would just love to correspond with somebody, so that is what I intend to do in future with my diary. I shall write it from now on in letter form, which actually comes to the same thing. Dear Jettje, (I shall simply say), My dear friend, both in the future as well as now I shall have a lot to tell you</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"1qx14\"><a href=\"#footnote-20\" id=\"footnote-marker-20-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[20]</a></sup> That evening, Anne also writes a few lines to Emmy and asks her if she has read Joop ter Heul.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3brxy\"><a href=\"#footnote-21\" id=\"footnote-marker-21-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[21]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>From then on, Anne takes turns addressing her diary entries predominantly to different imaginary girlfriends: Jettje, Emmy, Pop, Marianne, Kitty, Conny, Pien and Loutje whom she partly borrowed from the characters in Cissy van Marxveldt's Joop ter Heul series.<sup data-footnote-id=\"a7g67\"><a href=\"#footnote-22\" id=\"footnote-marker-22-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[22]</a></sup> She writes:<em> 'I like this way of writing in my diary much better</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"oqezs\"><a href=\"#footnote-23\" id=\"footnote-marker-23-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[23]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the <em>Joop ter Heul </em>series, Joop wrote letters to her friend Netty, but because her father only allowed her to write once a month (on Sundays) because of her school performance, she started keeping a diary (secretly) in her sister's old notebooks.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4kobj\"><a href=\"#footnote-24\" id=\"footnote-marker-24-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[24]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Joop ter Heul had a club with seven girlfriends (Pop, Pien, Noortje, Loutje, Kitty and Conny) whose name was formed by the initial letters of their names: the <em>Jopopinoloukico club</em>. Anne Frank also had a club with Sanne, Jacqueline, Ilse and Hanneli: <em>the Little Bear minus 2</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"rjia3\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne loved Cissy van Marxveldt's books and had certainly read one volume of the <em>Joop ter Heul </em>series before going into hiding.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pv2c7\"><a href=\"#footnote-25\" id=\"footnote-marker-25-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[25]</a></sup> According to Jacqueline van Maarsen, Anne and she read the second volume. That would mean she would have finished the first volume at that point.<sup data-footnote-id=\"18jiv\"><a href=\"#footnote-26\" id=\"footnote-marker-26-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[26]</a></sup> She read <em>Een Zomerzotheid</em> by Cissy van Marxveldt no less than four times.<sup data-footnote-id=\"62808\"><a href=\"#footnote-27\" id=\"footnote-marker-27-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[27]</a></sup> While in hiding, Johannes Kleiman took his daughter's books for her.<sup data-footnote-id=\"62808\"><a href=\"#footnote-27\" id=\"footnote-marker-27-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[27]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>21 September 1942</strong>, the day she started the letter form in her diary, she had just finished or almost finished Joop ter Heul and had to wait for Mr Kleiman to bring the last two volumes for her the next Saturday.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xubqg\"><a href=\"#footnote-28\" id=\"footnote-marker-28-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[28]</a></sup> Two days after that, on <strong>26 September</strong>, she had finished both of them (J<em>oop van Dil-ter Heul</em> and <em>Joop en haar jongen</em>). She liked the last volume best.<sup data-footnote-id=\"88o0i\"><a href=\"#footnote-29\" id=\"footnote-marker-29-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[29]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Around the same period, Anne wrote a letter in her diary to Jacqueline van Maarsen and answered an imaginary letter from Jacqueline.<sup data-footnote-id=\"nea8h\"><a href=\"#footnote-30\" id=\"footnote-marker-30-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[30]</a></sup> Anne wrote her diary letters to Jettje, Emmy, Pop, Marianne, Kitty, Conny, Pien and Loutje. She wrote to them about herself and the events in the Secret Annex. At the same time, she reacted to events and people who appeared in the Joop ter Heul books. For example, Anne asked Noortje to stay and arranged it with Noortje's mother.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hxfia\"><a href=\"#footnote-31\" id=\"footnote-marker-31-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[31]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Joop ter Heul talked about the distance that always existed between her and her mother.<sup data-footnote-id=\"aqzgd\"><a href=\"#footnote-32\" id=\"footnote-marker-32-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[32]</a></sup> Both Anne and Joop had a mother they could not discuss things with. The last diary entry from the first red checkered diary is addressed to Kitty.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xubqg\"><a href=\"#footnote-28\" id=\"footnote-marker-28-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[28]</a></sup> From the very beginning, Anne made it clear that she preferred to write to Kitty.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4hp46\"><a href=\"#footnote-33\" id=\"footnote-marker-33-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[33]</a></sup> The real Kitty from the <em>Joop ter Heul </em>series is called Kitty Franken.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In diaries A2 and A3, Anne addresses entires only to Dear Kitty. Since <strong>1943</strong> is almost entirely missing from the A version, we do not know when Anne switched to this.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the first diary letter of the B version, Anne explained that the diary idea came about because she does not have a girlfriend, that the diary itself will be the girlfriend and that that girlfriend is called Kitty.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ig04v\"><a href=\"#footnote-34\" id=\"footnote-marker-34-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[34]</a></sup> All the diary letters of the B version begin with Dear Kitty.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Retrospective</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In response to Minister of Education Bolkestein's appeal on Radio Orange on <strong>28 March 1944</strong>, Anne began rewriting her original diary on loose (light yellow, light blue, pink and grey) sheets of copy paper, commonly called the <em>loose sheets</em>, <strong>in late May 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"n7twt\"><a href=\"#footnote-35\" id=\"footnote-marker-35-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[35]</a></sup> Bep Voskuijl stated that she had provided Anne with this carbon copy paper.<sup data-footnote-id=\"s0xga\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>"Mr. Bolkestein, the Cabinet Minister, speaking on the Dutch broadcast from London, said that after the war, a collection would be made of diaries and letters dealing with the war. Of course everyone pounced on my diary. Just imagine how interesting it would be if I were to publish a novel about the Secret Annex. The title alone would make people think it was a detective story."</blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>And on Saturday <strong>20 May 1944</strong>, Anne Frank writes: "<em>At long last after a great deal of reflection I have started my 'Achterhuis', in my head it is as good as finished, although it won't go as quickly as that really, if it ever comes off at all<em>."</em></em></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The <em>loose sheets</em> cover the period from <strong>20 June 1942</strong> to <strong>29 March</strong> <strong>1944</strong>. Anne thus edited her original diaries into the B-version in just over two months. It is important to realise here that although Anne used her original diaries as a basis, the B version was written retrospectively. She describes events from <strong>1942</strong> and <strong>1943</strong> in the <strong>spring and summer of 1944</strong>. For example, in the A-version, she writes of her diary:<em> "I am oh so glad I took you with me</em>."<sup data-footnote-id=\"88o0i\"><a href=\"#footnote-29\" id=\"footnote-marker-29-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[29]</a></sup> In the B-version, she emphasises the importance of her diary by writing that she packed it first on the night before they went into hiding.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jgez0\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The fountain pen Anne wrote with, a present from Grandma Höllander for her ninth birthday, accidentally disappeared into the stove along with the potato peels<strong>.</strong><sup data-footnote-id=\"2facw\"><a href=\"#footnote-36\" id=\"footnote-marker-36-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[36]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne repeatedly mentions how important writing is to her. For instance, she thanks God for giving her the opportunity to express herself through it.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k5mb4\"><a href=\"#footnote-37\" id=\"footnote-marker-37-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[37]</a></sup> She writes that she wants to become a journalist and: "<em>no one who does not write knows how fine writing is; I used to regret that I could not draw at all, but now I am overjoyed that at least I can write</em>."</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the <strong>summer of 1943</strong>, Anne started writing stories. The stories were recorded in the diary, on loose sheets and in a cardboard notebook.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7mrs8\"><a href=\"#footnote-38\" id=\"footnote-marker-38-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[38]</a></sup> She wanted to try to get one of her fairy tales placed in the magazine <em>De Prins</em> under a nom de plume, but thought it would not succeed because her fairy tales were too long.<sup data-footnote-id=\"nb944\"><a href=\"#footnote-39\" id=\"footnote-marker-39-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[39]</a></sup> Otto Frank said about this after the war that Anne asked Kleiman to send the story <em>Blurry the Explorer</em> under his daughter's name. Kleiman thought this was too dangerous. In the story <em>The Best Little Table</em>, we read that Anne had daily access to the little table in the room she shared with Fritz Pfeffer from 2.30 to 4 pm.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jvdhz\"><a href=\"#footnote-40\" id=\"footnote-marker-40-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[40]</a></sup> With great difficulty, she fought for an extra hour and a half twice a week.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Around the same time when Anne started writing her stories, she received the booklet <em>Literature and Style Study</em> for her fourteenth birthday.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ret2p\"><a href=\"#footnote-41\" id=\"footnote-marker-41-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[41]</a></sup> It was an anthology of literary prose and verse explaining stylistic figures and characteristics of different writers.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4ffai\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Rijksinstituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie (samenst.), <em>De dagboeken van Anne Frank</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1986.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f1dc0\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 29 March 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pmxn2\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds (AFF), Bazel: Brieven van Anne Frank aan Otto Frank en overige familie in Zwitserland.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pu8at\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Fank, Verses in Friendship Books, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"z8c1l\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Fank, The Egypt Book, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"n0ywz\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Rinat, Ab.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3lecx\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ernst Schnabel, <em>Anne Frank. Spur eines Kindes</em>, Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 1958, p. 40.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qs43h\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 12 June 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rjia3\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 14 June 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jgez0\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 8 July 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"eurr5\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 12 July 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ajkpt\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 5 December 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c4jc6\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 20 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"s0xga\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_104: Verklaring Bep Voskuijl aan de onderzoeksrechter Lubeck, Rheine 29 september 1959.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r3kqv\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 2 May 1943, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, 22 January 1944, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"z5m8v\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 22 January 1944, 3rd, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"huhu0\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>'Dear Kitty, Daddy has tracked down another new diary for me and this one is of a respectable thickness, as you will see for yourself in good time.' Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 22 December 1943, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tl0wp\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>'Someone's been a real darling again and has torn up a chemistry exercise book for me to make a new diary, this time the someone was Margot.' Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 18 April 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c9ahq\" id=\"footnote-19\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-19-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>'I hope I shall be able to confide in you completely'. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 12 June 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1qx14\" id=\"footnote-20\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-20-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 21 September 1942, 1st, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3brxy\" id=\"footnote-21\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-21-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 21 September 1942, 2nd, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"a7g67\" id=\"footnote-22\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-22-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Cissy van Marxveldt (pseud. van Setske Beek-de Haan), <em>De H.B.S.-tijd van Joop ter Heul, </em>Amersfoort: Valkhoff, 1919; <em>Joop ter Heuls problemen, </em>Amersfoort: Valkhoff, 1921; <em>Joop van Dil-ter Heul, </em>Amersfoort: Valkhoff, 1923; <em>Joop en haar jongen, </em>Amersfoort: Valkhoff, 1925. Otto Frank had telefoonnummer van Cissy van Marxveldt in zijn agenda van 1946. AFS, AFC, OFA, reg. code OFA_003: Agenda Otto Frank 1946.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oqezs\" id=\"footnote-23\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-23-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 28 September 1942, 1st, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4kobj\" id=\"footnote-24\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-24-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Cissy van Marxveldt, <em>De H.B.S.-tijd van Joop ter Heul.</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pv2c7\" id=\"footnote-25\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-25-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 22 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"18jiv\" id=\"footnote-26\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-26-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Email van en gesprek met Jacqueline Sanders-van Maarsen.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"62808\" id=\"footnote-27\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-27-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-27-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 21 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xubqg\" id=\"footnote-28\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-28-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-28-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 22 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"88o0i\" id=\"footnote-29\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-29-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-29-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 28 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nea8h\" id=\"footnote-30\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-30-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 25 September 1942, 1st and 2nd, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hxfia\" id=\"footnote-31\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-31-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 27 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"aqzgd\" id=\"footnote-32\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-32-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Cissy van Marxveldt, <em>De H.B.S.-tijd van Joop ter Heul</em>, p. 277.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4hp46\" id=\"footnote-33\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-33-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 21 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ig04v\" id=\"footnote-34\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-34-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 20 June 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"n7twt\" id=\"footnote-35\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-35-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 29 March 1944; 20 May 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2facw\" id=\"footnote-36\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-36-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Ode to My Fountain Pen, Diary Version B, 11 November 1943, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k5mb4\" id=\"footnote-37\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-37-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 25 March 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7mrs8\" id=\"footnote-38\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-38-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Tales and events from the Secret Annex as described by Anne Frank. Inaugurated Thursday 2 September 1943.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nb944\" id=\"footnote-39\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-39-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 21 April 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jvdhz\" id=\"footnote-40\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-40-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Tales and events from the Secret Annex, "The Best Little Table", 13 July 1943, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ret2p\" id=\"footnote-41\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-41-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>W. Kramer, <em>Literatuur- en stijlstudie. Een oefenboek voor de hoogste klassen van scholen voor middelbaar en voorbereidend hoger onderwijs, </em>Groningen [etc.]: Wolters, 1930.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De dagboeken van Anne Frank liggen ten grondslag aan alles wat bekend is geworden over Anne Frank en de onderduikgeschiedenis. Het zijn immers vrijwel alleen Annes geschriften die het verloop van de 25 maanden onderduik documenteren.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Het handgeschreven manuscript van de dagboeken van Anne Frank op basis waarvan Otto Frank de eerste editie van Het Achterhuis (<strong>1947</strong>) samenstelde, bestaat uit een rood geruit boekje, twee gekartonneerde schriften en ruim 200 vellen gekleurd doorslagpapier. Otto Frank heeft de handschriften van zijn dochter Anne uit de periode van de onderduik nagelaten aan de Staat der Nederlanden. Sinds juni 2009 bevinden deze zich bij de Anne Frank Stichting. Sinds de wetenschappelijke editie van de dagboeken (<strong>1986</strong>) is het gebruikelijk deze handschriften achtereenvolgens dagboek 1, 2 en 3 (of A-versie) en <em>de losse vellen </em>(of B-versie) te noemen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4ffai\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Dagboek 1, 2 en 3 bevatten de oorspronkelijke dagboekaantekeningen van Anne Frank. Op de losse vellen begint ze in het <strong>voorjaar van 1944</strong> haar oorspronkelijke dagboekaantekeningen te herschrijven en bewerken met de bedoeling een roman getiteld <em>Het Achterhuis</em> te schrijven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f1dc0\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Samen met het Verhaaltjesboek, het Mooie-zinnenboek en het Blanco Monster Electro Huishoudboek (fotoalbum) vormen deze handschriften de nalatenschap van Anne Frank uit de onderduikperiode in het Achterhuis.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Voor de onderduik</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Van voor de onderduikperiode zijn een aantal brieven van Anne bewaard gebleven die zij schreef aan haar vader en aan haar familie in Zwitserland.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pmxn2\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In het handschrift van Anne is een aantal versjes bekend in de poëziealbums van vriendinnetjes.Er zijn versjes bekend van Anne in de albums van Juultje Ketellapper, Henny Scheerder, Mary Bos, Kitty Egyedi, Jacqueline van Maarsen, Hanneli Goslar, Ytje Swilens, Bep Groot Batavé, Dinie van Amelsbeek.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pu8at\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Verder is overgeleverd uit deze periode het z.g. <em>Egypteboek</em>, een gekartonneerd schrift waarin Anne commentaar heeft (over)geschreven bij plaatjes geknipt uit een werkblad van <em>Kunst in Beeld</em> over de geschiedenis van Egypte.<sup data-footnote-id=\"z8c1l\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Verondersteld wordt dat dit een werkstuk is gemaakt in de eerste klas van de middelbare school. Eenzelfde soort werkstuk werd gemaakt door een voormalig klasgenootje van Anne Frank op de 6<sup>e</sup> Montessorischool, Klaartje Musikant in de eerste klas van de HBS.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Klasgenoten op de 6<sup>e</sup> Montessorischool zeggen dat Anne toen al verhaaltjes schreef.<sup data-footnote-id=\"n0ywz\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Als dit al zo is, dan is hier niets van overgeleverd.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ernst Schnabel citeerde in zijn boek meneer Van Gelder, Annes leraar in de eerste tot en met de vierde klas van de 6<sup>e</sup> Montessorischool, dat Anne goede opstellen schreef en schrijfster wilde worden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3lecx\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne kreeg het bekende rood-geruite dagboekje voor haar dertiende verjaardag op <strong>12 juni 1942</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qs43h\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Haar eerste echte dagboeknotitie op <strong>14 juni</strong> richt ze aan haar dagboek zelf: '<em>ik zal maar beginnen vanaf het ogenblik dat ik je gekregen heb, dus dat ik je heb zien liggen op mijn verjaardagstafel, (want het kopen, waar ik ook bij ben geweest telt niet mee).'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"rjia3\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup>Toen ze enkele weken later met haar ouders en zus Margot ging onderduiken, is het dagboek het eerste wat ze inpakte, schrijft ze later.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jgez0\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Tijdsverloop</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>woensdag 8 juli 1942</strong> schrijft Anne voor het eerst in onderduik in haar dagboek.<sup data-footnote-id=\"rjia3\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> Ze beschrijft de dag van de oproep van Margot en het gaan onderduiken. De tweede notitie is een reflectie op haar verjaardag precies een maand daarvoor.<sup data-footnote-id=\"eurr5\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Dit eerste dagboekje loopt tot <strong>5 december 1942</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ajkpt\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> '<em>Ik mag Bep misschien vragen of zij bij Perrij eens kan gaan kijken of die nog dagboeken verkopen, want anders moet ik gauw een schrift nemen, want mijn dagboek raakt vol, jammer! Ik kan het gelukkig nog wat strekken met de bladeren die ik er tussen heb geplakt'</em>, schrijft Anne op <strong>20 oktober 1942</strong><em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"c4jc6\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup> Bep Voskuijl heeft verklaard dat Anne haar vroeg om een dagboek dat met een sleuteltje te sluiten was, maar dat het haar destijds niet lukte om zoiets te vinden<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"s0xga\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup> Op <strong>2 mei 1943</strong> en op <strong>22 januari 1944</strong> voegde Anne in retrospectief aantekeningen toe<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"r3kqv\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup> Ze schreef toen ook dat ze het inmiddels zonde van de opengelaten bladzijden vond<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"z5m8v\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Hoe dan ook, het volgende dagboek of dagboeken ontbreken. Het tweede overgeleverde dagboek begint met de notitie van <strong>22 december 1943</strong> en loopt tot <strong>17 april 1943</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"huhu0\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup> Het derde dagboek sluit hierop aan en loopt van <strong>18 april 1943</strong> tot en met <strong>1 augustus 1944</strong> (drie dagen voor de arrestatie van de onderduikers en twee van hun helpers).<sup data-footnote-id=\"tl0wp\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup> Een heel jaar ‘dagboek’ ontbreekt dus.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Joop ter Heul</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Vanaf de eerste pagina richt Anne zich persoonlijk tot haar dagboek en maakt haar dagboek tot een vriendin.<sup data-footnote-id=\"c9ahq\"><a href=\"#footnote-19\" id=\"footnote-marker-19-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[19]</a></sup> De dagboeknotitie van <strong>21 september 1942</strong> eindigt ze met: '<em>ik heb zo’n zin om met iemand te corresponderen, en dat zal ik dus in het vervolg maar met mijn dagboek doen. Ik schrijf dus nu in briefvorm wat feitelijk op hetzelfde neerkomt. Lieve Jettje (zal ik maar zeggen,) mijn lieve vriendin, ik zal je in het vervolg en ook nu nog veel te vertellen hebben</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"1qx14\"><a href=\"#footnote-20\" id=\"footnote-marker-20-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[20]</a></sup> Die avond schrijft Anne ook nog een paar regeltjes aan Emmy en vraagt haar of ze Joop ter Heul heeft gelezen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3brxy\"><a href=\"#footnote-21\" id=\"footnote-marker-21-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[21]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Vanaf dat moment richt Anne haar dagboeknotities om beurten overwegend aan verschillende denkbeeldige vriendinnen: Jettje, Emmy, Pop, Marianne, Kitty, Conny, Pien en Loutje die ze gedeeltelijk ontleende aan de karakters uit de Joop ter Heul reeks van Cissy van Marxveldt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"a7g67\"><a href=\"#footnote-22\" id=\"footnote-marker-22-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[22]</a></sup> Ze schrijft: '<em>deze manier om in mijn dagboek te schrijven vind ik veel fijner</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"oqezs\"><a href=\"#footnote-23\" id=\"footnote-marker-23-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[23]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In de <em>Joop ter Heul</em>-reeks schreef Joop brieven aan haar vriendin Netty, maar omdat ze van haar vader vanwege haar schoolprestaties maar een keer per maand (op zondag) mocht schrijven, ging ze (stiekem) in oude schriften van haar zus een dagboek bijhouden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4kobj\"><a href=\"#footnote-24\" id=\"footnote-marker-24-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[24]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Joop ter Heul had met zeven vriendinnen (Pop, Pien, Noortje, Loutje, Kitty en Conny) een club waarvan de naam gevormd werd door de beginletters van hun namen: de <em>Jopopinoloukicoclub</em>. Anne Frank had met Sanne, Jacqueline, Ilse en Hanneli ook een club: <em>de Kleine Beer minus-2</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"rjia3\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne was dol op de boeken van Cissy van Marxveldt en had zeker al voor de onderduik een deel uit de <em>Joop ter Heul</em>-reeks gelezen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pv2c7\"><a href=\"#footnote-25\" id=\"footnote-marker-25-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[25]</a></sup> Volgens Jacqueline van Maarsen lazen Anne en zij het tweede deel. Dat zou betekenen dat zij hier het eerste deel uit had.<sup data-footnote-id=\"18jiv\"><a href=\"#footnote-26\" id=\"footnote-marker-26-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[26]</a></sup> <em>Een Zomerzotheid</em> van Cissy van Marxveldt las ze maar liefst vier keer.<sup data-footnote-id=\"62808\"><a href=\"#footnote-27\" id=\"footnote-marker-27-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[27]</a></sup> Tijdens de onderduik nam Johannes Kleiman de boeken van zijn dochter voor haar mee.<sup data-footnote-id=\"62808\"><a href=\"#footnote-27\" id=\"footnote-marker-27-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[27]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>21 september 1942</strong>, de dag dat ze in haar dagboek begint met de briefvorm, heeft ze net of bijna Joop ter Heul uit en moet ze wachten tot meneer Kleiman de komende zaterdag de laatste twee delen voor haar meeneemt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xubqg\"><a href=\"#footnote-28\" id=\"footnote-marker-28-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[28]</a></sup> Twee dagen daarna, op <strong>26 september</strong> heeft ze die allebei (J<em>oop van Dil-ter Heul</em> en <em>Joop en haar jongen</em>) uit. Ze vindt het laatste deel het leukst.<sup data-footnote-id=\"88o0i\"><a href=\"#footnote-29\" id=\"footnote-marker-29-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[29]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Omstreeks dezelfde periode schrijft Anne in haar dagboek een brief aan Jacqueline van Maarsen en beantwoordt een denkbeeldige brief van Jacqueline.<sup data-footnote-id=\"nea8h\"><a href=\"#footnote-30\" id=\"footnote-marker-30-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[30]</a></sup> Anne schrijft haar dagboekbrieven aan Jettje, Emmy, Pop, Marianne, Kitty, Conny, Pien en Loutje. Ze schrijft hen over zichzelf en over de gebeurtenissen in het Achterhuis. Tegelijkertijd reageert ze op gebeurtenissen en personen die voorkomen in de boeken van Joop ter Heul. Zo vraagt Anne Noortje te logeren en regelt dat met de moeder van Noortje.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hxfia\"><a href=\"#footnote-31\" id=\"footnote-marker-31-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[31]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Joop ter Heul had het over de afstand die er tussen haar en haar moeder altijd geweest is.<sup data-footnote-id=\"aqzgd\"><a href=\"#footnote-32\" id=\"footnote-marker-32-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[32]</a></sup> Zowel Anne als Joop hadden een moeder waar ze geen dingen mee kunnen bespreken. De laatste dagboeknotitie uit het eerste rood-geruite dagboekje is gericht aan Kitty.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xubqg\"><a href=\"#footnote-28\" id=\"footnote-marker-28-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[28]</a></sup> Al vanaf het begin heeft Anne duidelijk gemaakt dat ze het liefst aan Kitty schrijft.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4hp46\"><a href=\"#footnote-33\" id=\"footnote-marker-33-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[33]</a></sup> De echte Kitty uit de <em>Joop ter Heul</em>-reeks heet Kitty Franken.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In dagboek A2 en A3 richt Anne zich alleen nog tot lieve Kitty. Omdat in de A-versie <strong>1943</strong> bijna geheel ontbreekt, weten we niet wanneer Anne hiertoe is overgegaan.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In de eerste dagboekbrief van de B-versie legt Anne uit dat het dagboekidee is ontstaan omdat ze geen vriendin heeft, dat het dagboek zelf de vriendin zal zijn en dat die vriendin Kitty heet.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ig04v\"><a href=\"#footnote-34\" id=\"footnote-marker-34-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[34]</a></sup> Alle dagboekbrieven van de B-versie beginnen met lieve Kitty.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Retrospectief</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Naar aanleiding van de oproep van minister van onderwijs Bolkestein op radio Oranje op <strong>28 maart 1944</strong> begint Anne <strong>eind mei 1944</strong> haar originele dagboek te herschrijven op losse (lichtgele, lichtblauwe, roze en grauwe) velletjes doorslagpapier, meestal de <em>losse vellen</em> genoemd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"n7twt\"><a href=\"#footnote-35\" id=\"footnote-marker-35-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[35]</a></sup> Bep Voskuijl heeft verklaard dat zij Anne had voorzien van dit doorslagpapier.<sup data-footnote-id=\"s0xga\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>'Lieve Kitty, Gisterenavond sprak minister Bolkesteyn aan de Oranjezender erover dat er na de oorlog een inzameling van dagboeken en brieven van deze oorlog zou worden gehouden. Natuurlijk stormden ze allemaal direct op mijn dagboek af. Stel je eens voor hoe interessant het zou zijn, als ik een roman van het Achterhuis uit zou geven, aan de titel alleen zouden de mensen denken dat het een detective-roman was.'</blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>En op zaterdag <strong>20 mei 1944</strong> schrijft Anne Frank: '<em><em>Eindelijk na heel veel overpeinzingen ben ik dan met m’n Achterhuis begonnen, in m’n hoofd is het al zover af als het kan, maar in werkelijkheid zal het wel heel wat minder gauw gaan, als het wel ooit afkomt.'</em></em></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De <em>losse vellen</em> beslaan de periode van <strong>20 juni 1942</strong> tot en met <strong>29 maart 1944</strong>. Anne heeft dus in ruim twee maanden haar oorspronkelijke dagboeken bewerkt tot versie-B. Het is belangrijk om hierbij te beseffen dat, hoewel Anne haar oorspronkelijke dagboeken als basis gebruikte, de B-versie in retrospectief geschreven is. Ze beschrijft gebeurtenissen uit <strong>1942</strong> en <strong>1943</strong> in het <strong>voorjaar en de zomer van 1944</strong>. Zo schrijft ze in A-versie over haar dagboek: '<em>Ik ben o zo blij dat ik je meegenomen heb</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"88o0i\"><a href=\"#footnote-29\" id=\"footnote-marker-29-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[29]</a></sup> In de B-versie benadrukt ze het belang van haar dagboek door te schrijven dat ze het als eerste inpakte op de avond voordat ze gingen onderduiken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jgez0\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De vulpen waarmee Anne schreef, een cadeau van oma Höllander voor haar negende verjaardag, verdween per ongeluk samen met de aardappelschillen in de kachel.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2facw\"><a href=\"#footnote-36\" id=\"footnote-marker-36-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[36]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne noemt herhaaldelijk hoe belangrijk schrijven voor haar is. Zo dankt ze God dat hij haar daarmee de mogelijkheid heeft gegeven om zich uit te drukken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k5mb4\"><a href=\"#footnote-37\" id=\"footnote-marker-37-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[37]</a></sup> Ze schrijft dat ze journaliste wil worden en: ‘<em>niemand die niet schrijft weet hoe fijn schrijven is; vroeger betreurde ik het altijd dat ik in ’t geheel niet tekenen kon, maar nu ben ik overgelukkig dat ik tenminste schrijven kan</em>.’</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In de <strong>zomer van 1943</strong> begon Anne met het schrijven van verhaaltjes. De verhaaltjes zijn opgetekend in het dagboek, op de losse vellen en in een gekartonneerd schrift.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7mrs8\"><a href=\"#footnote-38\" id=\"footnote-marker-38-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[38]</a></sup> Ze wilde proberen onder pseudoniem een van haar sprookjes in het blad <em>de Prins</em> geplaatst te krijgen, maar dacht dat dat niet zou lukken omdat haar sprookjes te lang zijn.<sup data-footnote-id=\"nb944\"><a href=\"#footnote-39\" id=\"footnote-marker-39-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[39]</a></sup> Otto Frank vertelde hierover na de oorlog dat Anne aan Kleiman vroeg om onder de naam van zijn dochter het verhaaltje <em>Blurry</em> op te sturen. Kleiman vond dit te gevaarlijk. In het verhaaltje <em>Het beste tafeltje</em> lezen we dat Anne dagelijks van half drie tot vier uur kon beschikken over het tafeltje in de kamer die ze met Fritz Pfeffer deelde.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jvdhz\"><a href=\"#footnote-40\" id=\"footnote-marker-40-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[40]</a></sup> Met veel moeite bevocht ze twee keer in de week een extra anderhalf uur.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Omstreeks dezelfde tijd dat Anne met haar verhaaltjes begon kreeg ze voor haar veertiende verjaardag het boekje <em>Literatuur- en Stijlstudie</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ret2p\"><a href=\"#footnote-41\" id=\"footnote-marker-41-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[41]</a></sup> Het was een bloemlezing uit literair proza en verzen waarbij stijlfiguren en karakteristieken van de verschillende schrijvers werden toegelicht.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4ffai\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Rijksinstituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie (samenst.), <em>De dagboeken van Anne Frank</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1986.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f1dc0\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 29 maart 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pmxn2\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds (AFF), Bazel: Brieven van Anne Frank aan Otto Frank en overige familie in Zwitserland.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pu8at\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Fank, Versjes in poëziealbums, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"z8c1l\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Fank, Het Egypteboek, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"n0ywz\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Rinat, Ab.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3lecx\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ernst Schnabel, <em>Anne Frank. Spur eines Kindes</em>, Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 1958, p. 40.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qs43h\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 12 juni 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk.</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rjia3\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 14 juni 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jgez0\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek B, 8 juli 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk.</em> </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"eurr5\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 12 juli 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ajkpt\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 5 december 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c4jc6\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 20 oktober 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"s0xga\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_104: Verklaring Bep Voskuijl aan de onderzoeksrechter Lubeck, Rheine 29 september 1959.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r3kqv\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 2 mei 1943, 1e, 2e en 3e; 22 januari 1944, 1e, 2e en 3e, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"z5m8v\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 22 januari 1944, 3e, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"huhu0\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>'Lieve Kitty, Vader heeft toch weer een nieuw dagboek voor me opgespoord en dat het een respectabele dikte heeft, daar kan, je je ten zijnen tijde zelf van overtuigen.' Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 22 december 1943, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tl0wp\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>'Weer is er een schat geweest die een scheikundeschrift voor mij uit elkaar gehaald heeft om me een nieuw dagboek te bezorgen, dit keer is het Margot.' Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 18 april 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c9ahq\" id=\"footnote-19\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-19-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>'Ik hoop aan jou alles te kunnen toevertrouwen.' Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 12 juni 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1qx14\" id=\"footnote-20\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-20-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 21 september 1942, 1e, in:<em> Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3brxy\" id=\"footnote-21\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-21-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 21 september 1942, 2e, in:<em> Verzameld werk</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"a7g67\" id=\"footnote-22\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-22-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Cissy van Marxveldt (pseud. van Setske Beek-de Haan), <em>De H.B.S.-tijd van Joop ter Heul, </em>Amersfoort: Valkhoff, 1919; <em>Joop ter Heuls problemen, </em>Amersfoort: Valkhoff, 1921; <em>Joop van Dil-ter Heul, </em>Amersfoort: Valkhoff, 1923; <em>Joop en haar jongen, </em>Amersfoort: Valkhoff, 1925. Otto Frank had telefoonnummer van Cissy van Marxveldt in zijn agenda van 1946. AFS, AFC, OFA, reg. code OFA_003: Agenda Otto Frank 1946.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oqezs\" id=\"footnote-23\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-23-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 28 september 1942, 1e, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4kobj\" id=\"footnote-24\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-24-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Cissy van Marxveldt, <em>De H.B.S.-tijd van Joop ter Heul.</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pv2c7\" id=\"footnote-25\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-25-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 22 september 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"18jiv\" id=\"footnote-26\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-26-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Email van en gesprek met Jacqueline Sanders-van Maarsen.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"62808\" id=\"footnote-27\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-27-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-27-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek B, 21 september 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk.</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xubqg\" id=\"footnote-28\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-28-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-28-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 22 september 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"88o0i\" id=\"footnote-29\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-29-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-29-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 28 september 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nea8h\" id=\"footnote-30\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-30-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 25 september 1942, 1e en 2e, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hxfia\" id=\"footnote-31\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-31-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 27 september 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"aqzgd\" id=\"footnote-32\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-32-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Cissy van Marxveldt, <em>De H.B.S.-tijd van Joop ter Heul</em>, p. 277.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4hp46\" id=\"footnote-33\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-33-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 21 september 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ig04v\" id=\"footnote-34\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-34-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek B, 20 juni 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"n7twt\" id=\"footnote-35\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-35-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 29 maart 1944; 20 mei 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2facw\" id=\"footnote-36\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-36-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Ode aan mijn vulpen, Dagboek B, 11 november 1943, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k5mb4\" id=\"footnote-37\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-37-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 25 maart 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7mrs8\" id=\"footnote-38\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-38-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Verhaaltjes, en gebeurtenissen uit het Achterhuis beschreven door Anne Frank. Ingewijd donderdag 2 september 1943.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nb944\" id=\"footnote-39\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-39-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 21 april 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jvdhz\" id=\"footnote-40\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-40-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Verhaaltjes en gebeurtenissen uit het Achterhuis, "Het beste tafeltje", 13 juli 1943, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ret2p\" id=\"footnote-41\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-41-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>W. Kramer, <em>Literatuur- en stijlstudie. Een oefenboek voor de hoogste klassen van scholen voor middelbaar en voorbereidend hoger onderwijs, </em>Groningen [etc.]: Wolters, 1930.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>Anne Frank's diaries underpin everything that has become known about Anne Frank and the history of the time in hiding. After all, it is almost exclusively Anne's writings that document the course of the 25 months in hiding.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>The handwritten manuscript of Anne Frank's diaries, on the basis of which Otto Frank compiled the first edition of The Secret Annex<strong> (1947</strong>), consists of a red checked booklet, two cardboard notebooks and over 200 sheets of coloured copy paper<em>. </em>Otto Frank bequeathed his daughter Anne's manuscripts from the period of hiding to the State of the Netherlands. Since June 2009, they have been with the Anne Frank House. Since the scholarly edition of the diaries<strong> (1986</strong>), it has been customary to refer to these manuscripts successively as diaries 1, 2 and 3 (or A-version) and <em>the loose sheets</em> (or B-version).<sup data-footnote-id=\"4ffai\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Diaries 1, 2 and 3 contain Anne Frank's original diary entries. On the loose sheets, she began rewriting and editing her original diary entries in the <strong>spring of 1944</strong> with the intention of writing a novel entitled <em>The Secret Annex</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f1dc0\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Together with the Storybook, the Favourite Quotes Notebook and the Blanco Monster Electro Huishoudboek (photo album), these manuscripts form Anne Frank's legacy from the hiding period in the Secret Annex.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Before going into hiding</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>From before the period in hiding, a number of letters written by Anne to her father and to her family in Switzerland have been preserved.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pmxn2\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In Anne's handwriting, a number of rhymes are known in the poetry albums of her friends. Rhymes by Anne are known to exist in the albums of Juultje Ketellapper, Henny Scheerder, Mary Bos, Kitty Egyedi, Jacqueline van Maarsen, Hanneli Goslar, Ytje Swilens, Bep Groot Batavé, Dinie van Amelsbeek.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pu8at\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Also surviving from this period is the '<em>Egypt Book'</em>, a cardboard notebook in which Anne (re)wrote comments on pictures cut from a <em>Kunst in Beeld</em> worksheet on the history of Egypt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"z8c1l\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> It is assumed that this was an assignment made in the first year of secondary school. A similar piece of work was made by a former classmate of Anne Frank at the 6th Montessori school, Klaartje Musikant in the first year of HBS.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Classmates at the 6th Montessori school say Anne was writing stories back then.<sup data-footnote-id=\"n0ywz\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> None of these survived, however.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In his book, Ernst Schnabel quoted Mr van Gelder, Anne's teacher in the first to fourth grades of the 6th Montessori school, as saying that Anne wrote good essays and wanted to be a writer.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3lecx\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne received the famous red checked diary for her thirteenth birthday on <strong>12 June 1942</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qs43h\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> She addresses her first real diary entry on <strong>14 June</strong> to her diary self:<em> 'I'll begin from the moment I got you, the moment I saw you lying on the table among my other birthday presents. (I went along when you were bought, but that doesn't count).'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"rjia3\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> When she went into hiding a few weeks later with her parents and sister Margot, the diary is the first thing she packed, she later writes.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jgez0\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Passage of time</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>Wednesday 8 July 1942,</strong> Anne wrote in her diary for the first time while in hiding.<sup data-footnote-id=\"rjia3\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> She describes the day of Margot's call-up for labour and going into hiding. The second note is a reflection on her birthday exactly a month before.<sup data-footnote-id=\"eurr5\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> This first diary runs until <strong>5 December 1942</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ajkpt\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup><em> "I may perhaps ask Bep if she could go to Perrij and see if they still sell diaries, otherwise I'll have to get a notebook soon, because my diary is getting full, too bad! I can fortunately stretch it a bit with the leaves I have stuck between them," </em>Anne wrote on <strong>20 October 1942</strong><em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"c4jc6\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup> Bep Voskuijl explained that Anne asked her for a diary that could be locked with a key, but that she did not manage to find such a thing at the time<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"s0xga\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup> On <strong>2 May 1943</strong> and on <strong>22 January 1944</strong>, Anne retrospectively added notes<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"r3kqv\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup> She also wrote then that by now she considered it a waste of the pages left empty<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"z5m8v\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Whatever the case, the following diary or diaries are missing. The second surviving diary begins with the entry of <strong>22 December 1943</strong> and runs until <strong>17 April 1943</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"huhu0\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup> The third diary follows this and runs from <strong>18 April 1943</strong> to <strong>1 August</strong> <strong>1944</strong> (three days before the arrest of the people in hiding and two of their helpers).<sup data-footnote-id=\"tl0wp\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup> A whole year's worth of diary is therefore missing.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Joop ter Heul</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>From the very first page, Anne addresses her diary personally, making her diary a friend.<sup data-footnote-id=\"c9ahq\"><a href=\"#footnote-19\" id=\"footnote-marker-19-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[19]</a></sup> She ends the diary entry of <strong>21 September 1942</strong> with:<em> <strong>'</strong>I would just love to correspond with somebody, so that is what I intend to do in future with my diary. I shall write it from now on in letter form, which actually comes to the same thing. Dear Jettje, (I shall simply say), My dear friend, both in the future as well as now I shall have a lot to tell you</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"1qx14\"><a href=\"#footnote-20\" id=\"footnote-marker-20-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[20]</a></sup> That evening, Anne also writes a few lines to Emmy and asks her if she has read Joop ter Heul.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3brxy\"><a href=\"#footnote-21\" id=\"footnote-marker-21-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[21]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>From then on, Anne takes turns addressing her diary entries predominantly to different imaginary girlfriends: Jettje, Emmy, Pop, Marianne, Kitty, Conny, Pien and Loutje whom she partly borrowed from the characters in Cissy van Marxveldt's Joop ter Heul series.<sup data-footnote-id=\"a7g67\"><a href=\"#footnote-22\" id=\"footnote-marker-22-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[22]</a></sup> She writes:<em> 'I like this way of writing in my diary much better</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"oqezs\"><a href=\"#footnote-23\" id=\"footnote-marker-23-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[23]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the <em>Joop ter Heul </em>series, Joop wrote letters to her friend Netty, but because her father only allowed her to write once a month (on Sundays) because of her school performance, she started keeping a diary (secretly) in her sister's old notebooks.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4kobj\"><a href=\"#footnote-24\" id=\"footnote-marker-24-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[24]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Joop ter Heul had a club with seven girlfriends (Pop, Pien, Noortje, Loutje, Kitty and Conny) whose name was formed by the initial letters of their names: the <em>Jopopinoloukico club</em>. Anne Frank also had a club with Sanne, Jacqueline, Ilse and Hanneli: <em>the Little Bear minus 2</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"rjia3\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne loved Cissy van Marxveldt's books and had certainly read one volume of the <em>Joop ter Heul </em>series before going into hiding.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pv2c7\"><a href=\"#footnote-25\" id=\"footnote-marker-25-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[25]</a></sup> According to Jacqueline van Maarsen, Anne and she read the second volume. That would mean she would have finished the first volume at that point.<sup data-footnote-id=\"18jiv\"><a href=\"#footnote-26\" id=\"footnote-marker-26-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[26]</a></sup> She read <em>Een Zomerzotheid</em> by Cissy van Marxveldt no less than four times.<sup data-footnote-id=\"62808\"><a href=\"#footnote-27\" id=\"footnote-marker-27-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[27]</a></sup> While in hiding, Johannes Kleiman took his daughter's books for her.<sup data-footnote-id=\"62808\"><a href=\"#footnote-27\" id=\"footnote-marker-27-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[27]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>21 September 1942</strong>, the day she started the letter form in her diary, she had just finished or almost finished Joop ter Heul and had to wait for Mr Kleiman to bring the last two volumes for her the next Saturday.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xubqg\"><a href=\"#footnote-28\" id=\"footnote-marker-28-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[28]</a></sup> Two days after that, on <strong>26 September</strong>, she had finished both of them (J<em>oop van Dil-ter Heul</em> and <em>Joop en haar jongen</em>). She liked the last volume best.<sup data-footnote-id=\"88o0i\"><a href=\"#footnote-29\" id=\"footnote-marker-29-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[29]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Around the same period, Anne wrote a letter in her diary to Jacqueline van Maarsen and answered an imaginary letter from Jacqueline.<sup data-footnote-id=\"nea8h\"><a href=\"#footnote-30\" id=\"footnote-marker-30-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[30]</a></sup> Anne wrote her diary letters to Jettje, Emmy, Pop, Marianne, Kitty, Conny, Pien and Loutje. She wrote to them about herself and the events in the Secret Annex. At the same time, she reacted to events and people who appeared in the Joop ter Heul books. For example, Anne asked Noortje to stay and arranged it with Noortje's mother.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hxfia\"><a href=\"#footnote-31\" id=\"footnote-marker-31-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[31]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Joop ter Heul talked about the distance that always existed between her and her mother.<sup data-footnote-id=\"aqzgd\"><a href=\"#footnote-32\" id=\"footnote-marker-32-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[32]</a></sup> Both Anne and Joop had a mother they could not discuss things with. The last diary entry from the first red checkered diary is addressed to Kitty.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xubqg\"><a href=\"#footnote-28\" id=\"footnote-marker-28-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[28]</a></sup> From the very beginning, Anne made it clear that she preferred to write to Kitty.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4hp46\"><a href=\"#footnote-33\" id=\"footnote-marker-33-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[33]</a></sup> The real Kitty from the <em>Joop ter Heul </em>series is called Kitty Franken.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In diaries A2 and A3, Anne addresses entires only to Dear Kitty. Since <strong>1943</strong> is almost entirely missing from the A version, we do not know when Anne switched to this.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the first diary letter of the B version, Anne explained that the diary idea came about because she does not have a girlfriend, that the diary itself will be the girlfriend and that that girlfriend is called Kitty.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ig04v\"><a href=\"#footnote-34\" id=\"footnote-marker-34-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[34]</a></sup> All the diary letters of the B version begin with Dear Kitty.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Retrospective</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In response to Minister of Education Bolkestein's appeal on Radio Orange on <strong>28 March 1944</strong>, Anne began rewriting her original diary on loose (light yellow, light blue, pink and grey) sheets of copy paper, commonly called the <em>loose sheets</em>, <strong>in late May 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"n7twt\"><a href=\"#footnote-35\" id=\"footnote-marker-35-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[35]</a></sup> Bep Voskuijl stated that she had provided Anne with this carbon copy paper.<sup data-footnote-id=\"s0xga\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>"Mr. Bolkestein, the Cabinet Minister, speaking on the Dutch broadcast from London, said that after the war, a collection would be made of diaries and letters dealing with the war. Of course everyone pounced on my diary. Just imagine how interesting it would be if I were to publish a novel about the Secret Annex. The title alone would make people think it was a detective story."</blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>And on Saturday <strong>20 May 1944</strong>, Anne Frank writes: "<em>At long last after a great deal of reflection I have started my 'Achterhuis', in my head it is as good as finished, although it won't go as quickly as that really, if it ever comes off at all<em>."</em></em></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The <em>loose sheets</em> cover the period from <strong>20 June 1942</strong> to <strong>29 March</strong> <strong>1944</strong>. Anne thus edited her original diaries into the B-version in just over two months. It is important to realise here that although Anne used her original diaries as a basis, the B version was written retrospectively. She describes events from <strong>1942</strong> and <strong>1943</strong> in the <strong>spring and summer of 1944</strong>. For example, in the A-version, she writes of her diary:<em> "I am oh so glad I took you with me</em>."<sup data-footnote-id=\"88o0i\"><a href=\"#footnote-29\" id=\"footnote-marker-29-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[29]</a></sup> In the B-version, she emphasises the importance of her diary by writing that she packed it first on the night before they went into hiding.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jgez0\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The fountain pen Anne wrote with, a present from Grandma Höllander for her ninth birthday, accidentally disappeared into the stove along with the potato peels<strong>.</strong><sup data-footnote-id=\"2facw\"><a href=\"#footnote-36\" id=\"footnote-marker-36-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[36]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne repeatedly mentions how important writing is to her. For instance, she thanks God for giving her the opportunity to express herself through it.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k5mb4\"><a href=\"#footnote-37\" id=\"footnote-marker-37-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[37]</a></sup> She writes that she wants to become a journalist and: "<em>no one who does not write knows how fine writing is; I used to regret that I could not draw at all, but now I am overjoyed that at least I can write</em>."</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the <strong>summer of 1943</strong>, Anne started writing stories. The stories were recorded in the diary, on loose sheets and in a cardboard notebook.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7mrs8\"><a href=\"#footnote-38\" id=\"footnote-marker-38-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[38]</a></sup> She wanted to try to get one of her fairy tales placed in the magazine <em>De Prins</em> under a nom de plume, but thought it would not succeed because her fairy tales were too long.<sup data-footnote-id=\"nb944\"><a href=\"#footnote-39\" id=\"footnote-marker-39-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[39]</a></sup> Otto Frank said about this after the war that Anne asked Kleiman to send the story <em>Blurry the Explorer</em> under his daughter's name. Kleiman thought this was too dangerous. In the story <em>The Best Little Table</em>, we read that Anne had daily access to the little table in the room she shared with Fritz Pfeffer from 2.30 to 4 pm.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jvdhz\"><a href=\"#footnote-40\" id=\"footnote-marker-40-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[40]</a></sup> With great difficulty, she fought for an extra hour and a half twice a week.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Around the same time when Anne started writing her stories, she received the booklet <em>Literature and Style Study</em> for her fourteenth birthday.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ret2p\"><a href=\"#footnote-41\" id=\"footnote-marker-41-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[41]</a></sup> It was an anthology of literary prose and verse explaining stylistic figures and characteristics of different writers.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4ffai\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Rijksinstituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie (samenst.), <em>De dagboeken van Anne Frank</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1986.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f1dc0\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 29 March 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pmxn2\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds (AFF), Bazel: Brieven van Anne Frank aan Otto Frank en overige familie in Zwitserland.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pu8at\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Fank, Verses in Friendship Books, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"z8c1l\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Fank, The Egypt Book, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"n0ywz\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Rinat, Ab.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3lecx\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ernst Schnabel, <em>Anne Frank. Spur eines Kindes</em>, Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 1958, p. 40.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qs43h\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 12 June 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rjia3\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 14 June 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jgez0\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 8 July 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"eurr5\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 12 July 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ajkpt\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 5 December 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c4jc6\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 20 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"s0xga\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_104: Verklaring Bep Voskuijl aan de onderzoeksrechter Lubeck, Rheine 29 september 1959.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r3kqv\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 2 May 1943, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, 22 January 1944, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"z5m8v\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 22 January 1944, 3rd, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"huhu0\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>'Dear Kitty, Daddy has tracked down another new diary for me and this one is of a respectable thickness, as you will see for yourself in good time.' Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 22 December 1943, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tl0wp\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>'Someone's been a real darling again and has torn up a chemistry exercise book for me to make a new diary, this time the someone was Margot.' Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 18 April 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c9ahq\" id=\"footnote-19\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-19-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>'I hope I shall be able to confide in you completely'. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 12 June 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1qx14\" id=\"footnote-20\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-20-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 21 September 1942, 1st, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3brxy\" id=\"footnote-21\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-21-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 21 September 1942, 2nd, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"a7g67\" id=\"footnote-22\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-22-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Cissy van Marxveldt (pseud. van Setske Beek-de Haan), <em>De H.B.S.-tijd van Joop ter Heul, </em>Amersfoort: Valkhoff, 1919; <em>Joop ter Heuls problemen, </em>Amersfoort: Valkhoff, 1921; <em>Joop van Dil-ter Heul, </em>Amersfoort: Valkhoff, 1923; <em>Joop en haar jongen, </em>Amersfoort: Valkhoff, 1925. Otto Frank had telefoonnummer van Cissy van Marxveldt in zijn agenda van 1946. AFS, AFC, OFA, reg. code OFA_003: Agenda Otto Frank 1946.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oqezs\" id=\"footnote-23\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-23-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 28 September 1942, 1st, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4kobj\" id=\"footnote-24\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-24-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Cissy van Marxveldt, <em>De H.B.S.-tijd van Joop ter Heul.</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pv2c7\" id=\"footnote-25\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-25-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 22 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"18jiv\" id=\"footnote-26\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-26-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Email van en gesprek met Jacqueline Sanders-van Maarsen.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"62808\" id=\"footnote-27\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-27-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-27-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 21 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xubqg\" id=\"footnote-28\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-28-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-28-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 22 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"88o0i\" id=\"footnote-29\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-29-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-29-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 28 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nea8h\" id=\"footnote-30\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-30-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 25 September 1942, 1st and 2nd, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hxfia\" id=\"footnote-31\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-31-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 27 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"aqzgd\" id=\"footnote-32\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-32-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Cissy van Marxveldt, <em>De H.B.S.-tijd van Joop ter Heul</em>, p. 277.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4hp46\" id=\"footnote-33\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-33-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 21 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ig04v\" id=\"footnote-34\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-34-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 20 June 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"n7twt\" id=\"footnote-35\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-35-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 29 March 1944; 20 May 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2facw\" id=\"footnote-36\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-36-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Ode to My Fountain Pen, Diary Version B, 11 November 1943, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k5mb4\" id=\"footnote-37\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-37-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 25 March 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7mrs8\" id=\"footnote-38\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-38-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Tales and events from the Secret Annex as described by Anne Frank. Inaugurated Thursday 2 September 1943.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nb944\" id=\"footnote-39\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-39-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 21 April 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jvdhz\" id=\"footnote-40\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-40-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Tales and events from the Secret Annex, "The Best Little Table", 13 July 1943, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ret2p\" id=\"footnote-41\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-41-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>W. Kramer, <em>Literatuur- en stijlstudie. Een oefenboek voor de hoogste klassen van scholen voor middelbaar en voorbereidend hoger onderwijs, </em>Groningen [etc.]: Wolters, 1930.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "Apart from the diaries, Anne Frank's legacy also includes the Book of Tales and the Favourite Quotes Notebook.",
"summary_nl": "Behalve de dagboeken behoren ook het Verhaaltjesboek en het Mooie-zinnenboek tot de nalatenschap van Anne Frank.",
"summary_en": "Apart from the diaries, Anne Frank's legacy also includes the Book of Tales and the Favourite Quotes Notebook.",
"same_as": null,
"parent": 396124643,
"files": []
}
