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{
"id": 396124408,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/5ea902c2-a419-4311-bd4b-7b1519c94f23/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "5ea902c2-a419-4311-bd4b-7b1519c94f23",
"name": "Emigration in the early 1930s",
"name_nl": "Emigratie begin jaren dertig",
"name_en": "Emigration in the early 1930s",
"description": "<p>On <strong>30 January 1933</strong>, Adolf Hitler became Reich Chancellor of Germany. This gave him the opportunity to implement his ideas from Mein Kampf. After the Reichstag fire on<strong> 27 February 1933</strong>, he suspended key civil rights. Anti-Semitic ordinances were also passed making it impossible for Jews to practice the most important professions by requiring a so-called 'Aryan' certificate. In response to these measures and the boycott on <strong>1 April 1933 </strong>of Jewish shopkeepers, doctors and lawyers, many Jews left Germany. They initially sought safe haven in surrounding countries, including the Netherlands.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jdv4q\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> In the first days of<strong> April 1933</strong> alone, hundreds fled to the Netherlands, including Otto Frank. In the months that followed, he was followed by his wife and both daughters.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cesdu\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jdv4q\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bob Moore, <em>Refugees from Nazi Germany in the Netherlands, 1933-1940</em>, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1986.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cesdu\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie: Gertjan Broek, <a href=\"https://demodernetijd.nl/wp-content/uploads/DMT-2019-3c-Broek.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Emigranten rond het Achterhuis van Anne Frank</a>, in: <em>De moderne tijd</em>, jrg. 3, nr. 3 (2019), p. 211-226.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>Op <strong>30 januari 1933</strong> werd Adolf Hitler Rijkskanselier van Duitsland. Zo kreeg hij de kans zijn ideeën uit <em>Mein Kampf</em> uit te voeren. Na de Rijksdagbrand op <strong>27 februari 1933</strong> schortte hij de belangrijkste burgerrechten op. Ook werden er antisemitische verordeningen aangenomen die het Joden onmogelijk maken de belangrijkste beroepen uit te oefenen door het vereiste van een zogenoemd 'Ariër'-bewijs. Als reactie op deze maatregelen en de boycot op <strong>1 april 1933</strong> van Joodse winkeliers, artsen en advocaten zochten verlieten veel Joden Duitsland. Zij zochten in eerste instantie een veilig heenkomen in omringende landen, waaronder Nederland.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kbmsr\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Alleen al in de eerste dagen van <strong>april 1933</strong> weken er honderden uit naar Nederland, waaronder Otto Frank. In de maanden daarna werd hij gevolgd door vrouw en beide dochters.<sup data-footnote-id=\"b68wc\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kbmsr\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bob Moore, <em>Refugees from Nazi Germany in the Netherlands, 1933-1940</em>, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1986.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b68wc\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie: Gertjan Broek, <a href=\"https://demodernetijd.nl/wp-content/uploads/DMT-2019-3c-Broek.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Emigranten rond het Achterhuis van Anne Frank</a>, in: <em>De moderne tijd</em>, jrg. 3, nr. 3 (2019), p. 211-226.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>On <strong>30 January 1933</strong>, Adolf Hitler became Reich Chancellor of Germany. This gave him the opportunity to implement his ideas from Mein Kampf. After the Reichstag fire on<strong> 27 February 1933</strong>, he suspended key civil rights. Anti-Semitic ordinances were also passed making it impossible for Jews to practice the most important professions by requiring a so-called 'Aryan' certificate. In response to these measures and the boycott on <strong>1 April 1933 </strong>of Jewish shopkeepers, doctors and lawyers, many Jews left Germany. They initially sought safe haven in surrounding countries, including the Netherlands.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jdv4q\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> In the first days of<strong> April 1933</strong> alone, hundreds fled to the Netherlands, including Otto Frank. In the months that followed, he was followed by his wife and both daughters.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cesdu\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jdv4q\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bob Moore, <em>Refugees from Nazi Germany in the Netherlands, 1933-1940</em>, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1986.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cesdu\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie: Gertjan Broek, <a href=\"https://demodernetijd.nl/wp-content/uploads/DMT-2019-3c-Broek.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Emigranten rond het Achterhuis van Anne Frank</a>, in: <em>De moderne tijd</em>, jrg. 3, nr. 3 (2019), p. 211-226.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The coming to power of Adolf Hitler and his NSDAP in 1933 led to an exodus of citizens from Germany. Those who left were mostly Jewish, political dissidents or both.",
"summary_nl": "Het aan de macht komen van Adolf Hitler en zijn NSDAP in 1933 leidde tot een uittocht van burgers uit Duitsland. Degenen die vertrokken waren vooral Joods, politiek dissident of allebei.",
"summary_en": "The coming to power of Adolf Hitler and his NSDAP in 1933 led to an exodus of citizens from Germany. Those who left were mostly Jewish, political dissidents or both.",
"same_as": null,
"parent": 396124387,
"files": []
}