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{
"id": 396124612,
"image": {
"id": 1006,
"uuid": "7b8219a0-f26c-4cbd-88ba-263604d50da1",
"name": "Dagboekvertalingen",
"title": "",
"alt": "Fotograaf: Allard Bovenberg. Collectie: Anne Frank Stichting.",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/Vertalingen.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "De eerste vertaling van het dagboek van Anne Frank verscheen in Duitsland in 1950, in hetzelfde jaar gevolgd door een Franse vertaling. In 1952 verschenen de eerste Britse en Amerikaanse edities.",
"author": "De collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek",
"copyright": "AFS rechthebbende"
},
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/82631f2a-775a-491a-9108-54d4b94c9b1a/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "82631f2a-775a-491a-9108-54d4b94c9b1a",
"name": "Otto Frank and the translations of Het Achterhuis",
"name_nl": "Otto Frank en de vertalingen van 'Het Achterhuis'",
"name_en": "Otto Frank and the translations of Het Achterhuis",
"description": "<p>Otto Frank also wanted a German and English translation of the diary.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dba33\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> As with the Dutch edition, he had to go to great lengths to interest foreign publishers. Only after the success of the French edition did this change. Otto Frank was closely involved in the translations and also in choosing the writers of the foreword.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>French translation</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Calmann-Lévy published <em>Le Journal d'Anne Frank</em>, the first foreign edition of the diary, in <strong>March 1950</strong>. This translation was based on the first edition of <em>Het Achterhuis</em> published by Contact and had a foreword by Daniel-Rops.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ksrlf\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Otto Frank wrote to Gilles de Neve of Contact on <strong>27 January 1949</strong> that Calmann-Lévy had the manuscript. On <strong>7 March 1949</strong>, Otto Frank signed the contract with Editions Calman-Lévy. Within 18 months of signing, Calmann-Lévy had to publish the book, otherwise the rights would return to Otto Frank. On <strong>11 March 1950</strong>, the French edition had still not been published. On <strong>26 March 1950</strong>, De Neve thanked Otto Frank for sending him the French edition. According to Otto Frank, this translation by Tylia Caren and Suzanne Lombard was so successful because, as a Dutch Frenchwoman, Tylia Caren had a perfect command of Dutch and Suzanne Lombard was well versed in the language of French youth.<sup data-footnote-id=\"eubjv\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> This first French edition of the diary impressed Meyer Levin. He then worked on the English translation and became interested in the film rights.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jb64k\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> The success of the French edition meant that English and American publishers also became seriously interested.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hke7y\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>German translation</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank first translated excerpts of the stories and diary into German himself for his family in Basel:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote><em>'Endlich komme ich dazu, den Anfang von Anne’s Tagebuch in deutscher Uebersetzung zu senden und hoff, dass ich bald die Fortsetzung schicken kann. Da ich nur wenige exemplare habe muss das vorliegende weiter gegeben werden und ich füge eine Liste bei, wie ich mir den Weg denke. Es ist schwer, alles sinn- und stilgemäss in eine andere Sprache zu übertragen, viel vom original geht verloren. Das ist nicht zu vermeiden und ich bitte jeden von Euch, evtl. Unklarheiten oder Sprachfehler zu notieren und mir mit zuteilen.'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"ccni3\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>In the winter of <strong>1945 - 1946</strong>, commissioned by Otto Frank, Anneliese Schütz began translating the diary into German. She did this on the basis of typescript II.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mdls3\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> <strong>By summer 1947</strong>, the manuscript was at Paul Szolnay Verlag in Vienna.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qbg0b\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Otto Frank was in contact with Dr Fritz Landshoff, the director of the German-language department of Querido publishers, about publishing the diary. At the end of <strong>1948</strong>, this came to nothing.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hiojj\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> Otto Frank approached several German publishers from late <strong>1948 </strong>to <strong>1950 </strong>including: Verlag Kurt Desch (Munich); Volk und Welt (Berlin); Rowohlt (Hamburg); Kiepenheuer Verlag (Berlin); Europa Express (Zurich); Limes Verlag (Wiesbaden); Societäts Verlag (Frankfurt) and an unnamed publisher in Koblenz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qvd0s\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In searching for a publisher, he enlisted the help of the lawyer Max Cahn, a former classmate at the Lessing Grammar School and also his legal adviser E.D. Hirsch Ballin. Max Cahn in turn also enlisted the help of an old classmate, Walter Carstanjen, the chief editor of the <em>Börssenblatt für den Deutschen Buchhandel</em>. He sent Otto Frank a list of possible publishers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gzd5h\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> One reason the German publishers rejected the diary was the crisis situation in the German book trade. As there had just been a money purge, no one dared to take a risk. Another reason was that the diary would not be literary enough and was therefore not suitable for the general German public.<sup data-footnote-id=\"59gfi\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>20 January 1950</strong>, Otto Frank met Lambert Schneider of the publishing house of the same name and gave him the German manuscript of the diary.<sup data-footnote-id=\"zjls0\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup> On <strong>22 March 1950</strong>, Schneider responded positively and the contract was signed on <strong>25/28 July 1950</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"d84mz\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup> Otto Frank was closely involved in the final translation and publication of the diary.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0rof4\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup><em> Das Tagebuch der Anne Frank</em> appeared in <strong>November 1950</strong> in an edition of 4,600 copies. The foreword was by Marie Baum. Previous candidates for the foreword were Herman Hesse (too ill) and Eugen Kogon.<sup data-footnote-id=\"uckgn\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup> Sales figures were relatively low.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7nl7\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank thought a wide distribution of the diary among German youth was very important. In his opinion, this was only possible with a cheaper edition.<sup data-footnote-id=\"19yu2\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup> In <strong>March 1955</strong>, the paperback edition of the <em>Tagebuch der Anne Frank</em> was published (under licence from the Lambert Schneider Verlag) by the <em>Fischer Bücherei</em> (Frankfurt am Main und Hamburg) in an edition of 50,000 copies.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ah351\"><a href=\"#footnote-19\" id=\"footnote-marker-19-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[19]</a></sup> The German translation by Anneliese Schütz had been revised by Maria Honeit, who corrected many errors and made the language use more 'natural'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"rzogj\"><a href=\"#footnote-20\" id=\"footnote-marker-20-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[20]</a></sup> Within a month, 30,000 copies were sold. <sup data-footnote-id=\"lkuia\"><a href=\"#footnote-21\" id=\"footnote-marker-21-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[21]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Because the German-language editions were based on a fuller version of Typescript II than the first Dutch edition of Contact, questions were raised not only about the person Anne Frank but also about the authenticity of the diary.<sup data-footnote-id=\"klnjo\"><a href=\"#footnote-22\" id=\"footnote-marker-22-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[22]</a></sup> Ernst Schnabel was therefore commissioned by the Fischer Bücherei to investigate the historicity of the character Anne Frank, which resulted in the book <em>Spur eines Kindes.</em> <sup data-footnote-id=\"e0ah7\"><a href=\"#footnote-23\" id=\"footnote-marker-23-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[23]</a></sup> The proceeds were earmarked for the Anne Frank Stipend, which aimed to give Israeli students the opportunity to study in Europe.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7nl7\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank also attached great importance to a cheap edition in East Germany. In <strong>1957</strong>, Union Verlag published the diary there. <sup data-footnote-id=\"a2ycn\"><a href=\"#footnote-24\" id=\"footnote-marker-24-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[24]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>English translation</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank had an English translation of the diary by Rosey Pool very early on. She, like Anneliese Schütz, was an acquaintance of Otto Frank and his family. With this translation, Otto approached English publishers. Rosey Pool began her translation at about the same time as Anneliese Schütz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ccni3\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Pool had taught English to Edith Frank.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ajvis\"><a href=\"#footnote-25\" id=\"footnote-marker-25-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[25]</a></sup> Literary agent Robert Harben approached Otto Frank about publishing the diary in England, but several English publishers turned it down, including: Heineman Ltd, Gollancz; Allen & Unwin; New Universal Encyclopedia; Falcon Press; Hamish Hamilton; Martin Secker.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ja79q\"><a href=\"#footnote-26\" id=\"footnote-marker-26-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[26]</a></sup> According to Harben, because the publishers and the public were averse to more books on war and resistance. <sup data-footnote-id=\"k3dkc\"><a href=\"#footnote-27\" id=\"footnote-marker-27-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[27]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nIn the United States, Otto Frank was also in contact with several publishers: Secker & Warburg, Gollanz, Heineman, Allen & Unwin, Mc Millan, Scribners, Siggewick & Jackson, Doubleday Doran, Hutchinson, John Lehman, Viking Press, Vanguard Press, Warendorf, Simon & Shuster, Appleton Century, Knopf, Schocken, Random House, Little Brown & Company.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5j9v5\"><a href=\"#footnote-28\" id=\"footnote-marker-28-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[28]</a></sup> Due to the success of the French edition of the diary, the English publisher Vallentine Mitchell & Company offered to publish the diary.<sup data-footnote-id=\"27vyt\"><a href=\"#footnote-29\" id=\"footnote-marker-29-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[29]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Because Rosey Pool's translation was not satisfactory, Barbara Mooyaart-Doubleday was commissioned by Vallentine Mitchell to retranslate the diary.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kyp3w\"><a href=\"#footnote-30\" id=\"footnote-marker-30-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[30]</a></sup> Otto Frank kept in close contact with her about the translation and also had her translate some passages that were missing from the Dutch edition.<sup data-footnote-id=\"fots0\"><a href=\"#footnote-31\" id=\"footnote-marker-31-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[31]</a></sup> <em>The Diary of a Young Girl</em>, with a foreword by writer Margaret Storm Jameson, was released in England on <strong>30 April 1952.</strong> Reviews were good, but sales were disappointing.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tl1qt\"><a href=\"#footnote-32\" id=\"footnote-marker-32-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[32]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nLengthy negotiations between Otto Frank and Little, Brown and Company for the American edition of the diary stranded in <strong>March 1951</strong> due to disagreements over the translation, Canadian rights and film rights to the diary.<sup data-footnote-id=\"q1dvr\"><a href=\"#footnote-33\" id=\"footnote-marker-33-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[33]</a></sup> Then Otto Frank quickly reached an agreement with US publisher Doubleday and Company.<sup data-footnote-id=\"q1dvr\"><a href=\"#footnote-33\" id=\"footnote-marker-33-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[33]</a></sup> Through the mediation of Nathan Straus, the foreword was written by Eleanor Roosevelt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j1y9u\"><a href=\"#footnote-34\" id=\"footnote-marker-34-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[34]</a></sup> The diary was published in the United States on <strong>12 June 1952</strong> (Anne's birthday). After a wildly enthusiastic review by Meyer Levin in <em>The New York Times Book Review</em> of <strong>15 June 1952</strong>, the diary ranked sixth on the bestseller list in the United States five weeks after its publication.<sup data-footnote-id=\"go4rm\"><a href=\"#footnote-35\" id=\"footnote-marker-35-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[35]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dba33\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFS), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_072: Otto Frank aan Alice Frank-Stern, 11 november 1945 ('… unbedingt veröffentlichen, ein ganz grosses Werk! Iht kont Euch nicht vorstellen, was da allen drin steht, ich kann leider vorerst nichts übersetzen, aber es wird kommen und es wird auch in Deutsch heraus gegeben werden und in english'.<em>)</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ksrlf\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_090: Correspondentie van Otto Frank met Uitgeverij Contact, .januari 1949 -maart 1950.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"eubjv\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_159: Otto Frank aan Meyer Levin, 29 september 1959; AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Otto Frank aan Vallentine Mitchell and Co., 21 november 1950 (over de Engelse vertaling). Zie ook: Myriam de Veth, '<a href=\"https://www.tijdschrift-filter.nl/jaargangen/2016/234/tylia-een-onvoltooid-portret-32-38/\">Tylia, een onvoltooid portret</a>', in: <em>Filter, tijdschrift over vertalen</em>, 23 (2016) 4, p, 32-38.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jb64k\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_159: Correspondentie van Meyer Levin met Otto Frank, september 1950, waarin Levin zegt het dagboek (gratis) te willen vertalen. Hij informeert over Engelse en Amerikaanse rechten voor het dagboek en ook naar de mogelijkheden van een verfilming.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hke7y\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Correspondentie van Otto Frank met Vallentine Mitchell and Co., 10 oktober1950, 22 november 1950.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ccni3\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_094: Otto Frank aan meine Lieben, klad zonder datum; AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_094: Otto Frank aan Milly Stanfield, 16 november 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mdls3\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, archief 257d, De dagboeken van Anne Frank, inv. no. 1i: Gesprek met mevr. R.E. Mengelberg-Draber. In november 1945 vertaalde Anneliese Schutz al <em>Blurry der Weltentdekker, eine Bärengeschichte</em> in opdracht van Otto Frank voor zijn familie in Bazel. AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_072: Otto Frank aan Alice Frank-Stern, 11 november 1945. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qbg0b\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA124: Correspondentie van Otto Frank met Robert Harben, september 1947.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hiojj\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC. reg. code OFA_090: Otto Frank aan Gilles de Neve/Uitgeverij Contact, 27 januari 1949. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qvd0s\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Correspondentie 1948-1955.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gzd5h\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124, Correspondentie, maart 1949.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"59gfi\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie noten 10 en 11.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zjls0\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_125: Otto Frank aan aan Lambert Schneider, 20 maart 1950. In deze brief herinnert hij Schneider aan zijn bezoek op 20 januari 1950 en overhandiging van het manuscript.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"d84mz\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Lambert Schneider aan Otto Frank, 22 maart 1950; AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Contract Lambert Schneider, Hamburg met Otto Frank, 25/28 juli 1950.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0rof4\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Correspondentie van Otto Frank met de uitgeverij van Lambert Schneider, oktober 1950. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"uckgn\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h7nl7\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>NIOD, archief 212c, Anne Frank, inv. no. 5d: Landgericht Lübeck, procesdossier Stielau/ Buddeberg, p. 6.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"19yu2\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Otto Frank aan S. Ficher Verlag, 8 mei 1954. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ah351\" id=\"footnote-19\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-19-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Fischer Bücherei aan Otto Frank, 28 februari 1955. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rzogj\" id=\"footnote-20\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-20-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Fischer Verlag (Christian Wegner) aan Otto Frank, 3 juli 1954.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lkuia\" id=\"footnote-21\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-21-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Fischer Bücherei aan Otto Frank, 7 april 1957.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"klnjo\" id=\"footnote-22\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-22-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie noot 17; NIOD (samenst.), <em>De dagboeken van Anne Frank</em>, 5e, verb. en uitgebr. duk, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2001, p. 81-83: Uitgeverij Contact kortt de tekst in door een aantal passages te schrappen, voerde redactionele veranderingen door en liet seksueel getinte fragmenten weg. Dit gebeurde met instemming van Otto Frank. In de Duitse vertaling van Annelise Schütz werden deze passages grotendeels gehandhaafd. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e0ah7\" id=\"footnote-23\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-23-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ernst Schnabel, <em>Anne Frank, Spur eines Kindes: ein Bericht</em>, Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Bücherei, 1958.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"a2ycn\" id=\"footnote-24\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-24-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Otto Frank aan Lambert Schneider, 16 november 1956. Zie voor de DDR-uitgave van het dagboek, het archief Union Verlag (AFS, AFC, reg. code B_dagboek_I_008).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ajvis\" id=\"footnote-25\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-25-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132, Brief Otto Frank aan Vallentine Mitchel and Co, 22 november 1950. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ja79q\" id=\"footnote-26\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-26-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA 132 : Correspondentie van Otto Frank met Robert Harben, september 1947 - augustus 1948. Otto Frank kende Robert Harben van vroeger van diens ‘leesbibliotheek’ in de buurt van het Merwedeplein waar hij met zijn vrouw Edith kwam.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k3dkc\" id=\"footnote-27\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-27-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Robert Harben aan Otto Frank, 7 augustus 1948.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5j9v5\" id=\"footnote-28\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-28-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_150: Otto Frank aan Meyer Levin, 25 september 1950. Heel veel vrienden en relaties zijn hem hierbij behulpzaam: Walter en Julius Holländer, Nathan Straus, Dola de Jong, Miriam Blumenthal, Annetje Reens, Meyer Levin.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"27vyt\" id=\"footnote-29\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-29-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Vallentine Mitchel and Co. (de heer Japp) aan Otto Frank, 10 oktober 1950.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kyp3w\" id=\"footnote-30\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-30-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Otto Frank aan Vallentine Mitchell and Co., 22 november 1950, AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Vallentine Mitchell and Co. aan Otto Frank, 8 maart 1951.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fots0\" id=\"footnote-31\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-31-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Correspondentie van Otto Frank met Barbara Mooyaart-Doubleday, 1951.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tl1qt\" id=\"footnote-32\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-32-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Vallentine Mitchell and Co. (Japp) aan Otto Frank, 29 mei 1952.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"q1dvr\" id=\"footnote-33\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-33-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-33-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Otto Frank aan Vallentine Mitchell and Co., 12 april 1951. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j1y9u\" id=\"footnote-34\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-34-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie noot 33. Voor meer over het voorwoord door Eleanor Roosevelt, zie AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_ 154, OFA_172 en OFA_132. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"go4rm\" id=\"footnote-35\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-35-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Otto Frank aan Vallentine Mitchell and Co. (Japp), 19 juli 1952. Meyer Levin, "The child behind ther secret door", in: <em>The New York Times Book Review</em>, 15 juni 1952.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>Otto Frank wilde ook een Duitse en Engelse vertaling van het dagboek.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dba33\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Net als bij de Nederlandse uitgave moest hij veel moeite doen om buitenlandse uitgevers te interesseren. Pas na het succes van de Franse uitgave veranderde dat. Otto Frank was nauw betrokken bij de vertalingen en ook bij de keuze voor de schrijvers van het voorwoord.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Franse vertaling</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Bij Calmann-Lévy verscheen in <strong>maart 1950</strong> <em>Le Journal d’Anne Frank</em>, de eerste buitenlandse uitgave van het dagboek. Deze vertaling was gebaseerd op de eerste uitgave van <em>Het Achterhuis</em> bij Contact en had een voorwoord van Daniel-Rops.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ksrlf\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Otto Frank schreef op <strong>27 januari 1949</strong> aan Gilles de Neve van Contact dat Calmann-Lévy het manuscript in handen had. Op <strong>7 maart 1949</strong> ondertekende Otto Frank het contract met Editions Calman-Lévy. Binnen achttien maanden na ondertekening zou Calmann-Lévy het boek uitgeven, anders vielen de rechten terug aan Otto Frank. Op <strong>11 maart 1950</strong> was de Franse editie nog steeds niet verschenen. Op <strong>26 maart 1950</strong> bedankte de Neve Otto Frank voor toezending van de Franse uitgave. Volgens Otto Frank was deze vertaling door Tylia Caren en Suzanne Lombard zo geslaagd omdat Tylia Caren als Nederlandse française het Nederlands perfect beheerste en Suzanne Lombard de taal van de Franse jeugd goed eigen was.<sup data-footnote-id=\"a5hu7\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Deze eerste Franse editie van het dagboek maakte indruk op Meyer Levin. Hij beijverde zich vervolgens voor de Engelse vertaling en raakte geïnteresseerd in de filmrechten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jb64k\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Het succes van de Franse uitgave zorgde ervoor dat ook Engelse en Amerikaanse uitgevers serieus geïnteresseerd raakten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hke7y\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Duitse vertaling</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank vertaalde eerst zelf fragmenten van de verhaaltjes en het dagboek in het Duits voor zijn familie in Bazel:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote><em>'Endlich komme ich dazu, den Anfang von Anne’s Tagebuch in deutscher Uebersetzung zu senden und hoff, dass ich bald die Fortsetzung schicken kann. Da ich nur wenige exemplare habe muss das vorliegende weiter gegeben werden und ich füge eine Liste bei, wie ich mir den Weg denke. Es ist schwer, alles sinn- und stilgemäss in eine andere Sprache zu übertragen, viel vom original geht verloren. Das ist nicht zu vermeiden und ich bitte jeden von Euch, evtl. Unklarheiten oder Sprachfehler zu notieren und mir mit zuteilen.'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"ccni3\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>In de winter van <strong>1945 – 1946</strong> begon Anneliese Schütz, in opdracht van Otto Frank met de vertaling van het dagboek in het Duits. Zij deed dit op basis van typescript II.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mdls3\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> <strong>Zomer 1947</strong> lag het manuscript bij Paul Szolnay Verlag in Wenen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qbg0b\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Otto Frank had contact met Dr. Fritz Landshoff, de directeur van de Duitstalige afdeling van uitgeverij Querido over de uitgave van het dagboek. Eind <strong>1948</strong> liep dit op niets uit.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hiojj\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> Otto Frank benaderde verschillende Duitse uitgevers van eind <strong>1948 </strong>tot <strong>1950 </strong>waaronder: Verlag Kurt Desch (München); Volk und Welt (Berlijn); Rowohlt (Hamburg); Kiepenheuer Verlag (Berlijn); Europa Express (Zürich); Limes Verlag (Wiesbaden); Societäts Verlag (Frankfurt) en een niet nader genoemde uitgeverij in Koblenz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qvd0s\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Bij het zoeken naar een uitgever schakelde hij de hulp in van de advocaat Max Cahn, een vroegere klasgenoot van het Lessing Gymnasium en ook van zijn juridisch adviseur E.D. Hirsch Ballin. Max Cahn schakelde op zijn beurt ook een oude klasgenoot in, Walter Carstanjen, de chef-redacteur van het <em>Börssenblatt für den Deutschen Buchhandel</em>. Hij stuurde Otto Frank een lijst toe met mogelijke uitgevers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gzd5h\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Een reden waarom de Duitse uitgevers het dagboek afwezen was de crisissituatie in de Duitse boekhandel. Omdat er net een geldzuivering was geweest, durfde niemand risico te nemen. Een andere reden was dat het dagboek niet literair genoeg zou zijn en daarom niet geschikt was voor het grote Duitse publiek.<sup data-footnote-id=\"59gfi\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>20 januari 1950</strong> ontmoette Otto Frank Lambert Schneider van de gelijknamige uitgeverij en gaf hem het Duitse manuscript van het dagboek.<sup data-footnote-id=\"zjls0\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup> Op <strong>22 maart 1950</strong> reageerde Schneider positief en op <strong>25/28 juli 1950</strong> werd het contract getekend.<sup data-footnote-id=\"d84mz\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup> Otto Frank was nauw betrokken bij de uiteindelijke vertaling en uitgave van het dagboek.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0rof4\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup><em> Das Tagebuch der Anne Frank</em> verscheen in <strong>november 1950</strong> in een oplage van 4.600 exemplaren. Het voorwoord was van Marie Baum. Eerdere kandidaten voor het voorwoord waren Herman Hesse (te ziek) en Eugen Kogon.<sup data-footnote-id=\"uckgn\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup> De verkoopcijfers waren relatief laag.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7nl7\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank vond een grote verspreiding van het dagboek onder de Duitse jeugd erg belangrijk. Dat was volgens hem alleen mogelijk bij een goedkopere uitgave.<sup data-footnote-id=\"19yu2\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup> In <strong>maart 1955</strong> verscheen (in licentie van het Lambert Schneider Verlag) de pocketuitgave van het <em>Tagebuch der Anne Frank</em> bij de <em>Fischer Bücherei</em> (Frankfurt am Main und Hamburg) in een oplage van 50.000 exemplaren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ah351\"><a href=\"#footnote-19\" id=\"footnote-marker-19-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[19]</a></sup> De Duitse vertaling van Anneliese Schütz was herzien door Maria Honeit die veel fouten verbeterde en het taalgebruik 'natuurlijker' maakte.<sup data-footnote-id=\"rzogj\"><a href=\"#footnote-20\" id=\"footnote-marker-20-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[20]</a></sup>Binnen een maand werden 30 000 exemplaren verkocht. <sup data-footnote-id=\"lkuia\"><a href=\"#footnote-21\" id=\"footnote-marker-21-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[21]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Omdat de Duitstalige uitgaven waren gebaseerd op een vollediger versie van Typescript II dan de eerste Nederlandse editie van Contact, werden er behalve over de persoon Anne Frank ook vragen gesteld over de authenticiteit van het dagboek.<sup data-footnote-id=\"klnjo\"><a href=\"#footnote-22\" id=\"footnote-marker-22-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[22]</a></sup> Ernst Schnabel kreeg daarom opdracht van de Fischer Bücherei om de historiciteit van het personage Anne Frank te onderzoeken, wat resulteerde in het boek <em>Spur eines Kindes.</em> <sup data-footnote-id=\"e0ah7\"><a href=\"#footnote-23\" id=\"footnote-marker-23-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[23]</a></sup> De opbrengsten waren bestemd voor het Anne Frank Stipendium dat Israëlische studenten de gelegenheid moest geven in Europa te studeren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7nl7\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank hechtte ook veel waarde aan een goedkope uitgave in Oost Duitsland. In <strong>1957</strong> verscheen daar het dagboek daar bij Union Verlag. <sup data-footnote-id=\"a2ycn\"><a href=\"#footnote-24\" id=\"footnote-marker-24-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[24]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Engelse vertaling</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank beschikte al vroeg over een Engelse vertaling van het dagboek door Rosey Pool. Zij was net als Anneliese Schütz een bekende van Otto Frank en zijn gezin. Met deze vertaling benaderde Otto Engelse uitgevers. Rosey Pool begon ongeveer tegelijk met Anneliese Schütz aan haar vertaling.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ccni3\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Pool had Engelse les gegeven aan Edith Frank.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ajvis\"><a href=\"#footnote-25\" id=\"footnote-marker-25-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[25]</a></sup> Literair agent Robert Harben benaderde Otto Frank voor de uitgave van het dagboek in Engeland, maar verschillende Engelse uitgevers wezen het af, zoals: Heineman Ltd., Gollancz; Allen & Unwin; New Universal Encyclopedia; Falcon Press; Hamish Hamilton; Martin Secker.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ja79q\"><a href=\"#footnote-26\" id=\"footnote-marker-26-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[26]</a></sup> Volgens Harben omdat de uitgevers en het publiek afkerig stonden tegenover nog meer boeken over oorlog en verzet. <sup data-footnote-id=\"k3dkc\"><a href=\"#footnote-27\" id=\"footnote-marker-27-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[27]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nIn de Verenigde Staten had Otto Frank ook contact met diverse uitgevers: Secker & Warburg, Gollanz, Heineman, Allen & Unwit, Mc Millan, Scribners, Siggewick & Jackson, Doubleday Doran, Hutchinson, John Lehman, Viking Press, Vanguard Press, Warendorf, Simon & Shuster, Appleton Century, Knopf, Schocken, Random House, Little Brown & Company.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5j9v5\"><a href=\"#footnote-28\" id=\"footnote-marker-28-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[28]</a></sup> Door het succes van de Franse uitgave van het dagboek bood de Engelse uitgever Vallentine Mitchell & Company zich aan het dagboek uit te geven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"27vyt\"><a href=\"#footnote-29\" id=\"footnote-marker-29-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[29]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Omdat de vertaling van Rosey Pool niet voldeed, kreeg Barbara Mooyaart-Doubleday de opdracht van Vallentine Mitchell het dagboek opnieuw te vertalen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kyp3w\"><a href=\"#footnote-30\" id=\"footnote-marker-30-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[30]</a></sup> Otto Frank hield nauw contact met haar over de vertaling en liet haar ook een aantal passages vertalen die in de Nederlandse editie ontbraken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"fots0\"><a href=\"#footnote-31\" id=\"footnote-marker-31-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[31]</a></sup> <em>The Diary of a young girl</em>, met een voorwoord van schrijfster Margaret Storm Jameson, kwam in Engeland uit op <strong>30 april 1952.</strong> De besprekingen waren goed, maar de verkoopcijfers stelden teleur.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tl1qt\"><a href=\"#footnote-32\" id=\"footnote-marker-32-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[32]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nLangdurige onderhandelingen van Otto Frank met Little, Brown and Company over de Amerikaanse uitgave van het dagboek strandden <strong>maart 1951</strong> door onenigheid over de vertaling, de Canadese rechten en de filmrechten van het dagboek.<sup data-footnote-id=\"q1dvr\"><a href=\"#footnote-33\" id=\"footnote-marker-33-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[33]</a></sup> Daarna werd Otto Frank het snel eens met de Amerikaanse uitgeverij Doubleday and Company.<sup data-footnote-id=\"q1dvr\"><a href=\"#footnote-33\" id=\"footnote-marker-33-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[33]</a></sup> Door bemiddeling van Nathan Straus werd het voorwoord geschreven door Eleanor Roosevelt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j1y9u\"><a href=\"#footnote-34\" id=\"footnote-marker-34-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[34]</a></sup> Het dagboek verscheen op <strong>12 juni 1952</strong> (Annes geboortedag) in de Verenigde Staten. Na een laaiend enthousiaste recensie van Meyer Levin in <em>The New York Times Book Review</em> van <strong>15 juni 1952</strong> stond het dagboek vijf weken na verschijnen op de zesde plaats van de bestsellerlijst in de Verenigde staten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"go4rm\"><a href=\"#footnote-35\" id=\"footnote-marker-35-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[35]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dba33\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFS), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_072: Otto Frank aan Alice Frank-Stern, 11 november 1945 ('… unbedingt veröffentlichen, ein ganz grosses Werk! Iht kont Euch nicht vorstellen, was da allen drin steht, ich kann leider vorerst nichts übersetzen, aber es wird kommen und es wird auch in Deutsch heraus gegeben werden und in english'.<em>)</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ksrlf\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_090: Correspondentie van Otto Frank met Uitgeverij Contact, .januari 1949 -maart 1950.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"a5hu7\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_159: Otto Frank aan Meyer Levin, 29 september 1959; AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Otto Frank aan Vallentine Mitchell and Co., 21 november 1950 (over de Engelse vertaling). Zie ook: Myriam de Veth, '<a href=\"https://www.tijdschrift-filter.nl/jaargangen/2016/234/tylia-een-onvoltooid-portret-32-38/\" target=\"_blank\">Tylia, een onvoltooid portret</a>', in: <em>Filter, tijdschrift over vertalen</em>, 23 (2016) 4, p, 32-38.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jb64k\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_159: Correspondentie van Meyer Levin met Otto Frank, september 1950, waarin Levin zegt het dagboek (gratis) te willen vertalen. Hij informeert over Engelse en Amerikaanse rechten voor het dagboek en ook naar de mogelijkheden van een verfilming.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hke7y\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Correspondentie van Otto Frank met Vallentine Mitchell and Co., 10 oktober1950, 22 november 1950.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ccni3\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_094: Otto Frank aan meine Lieben, klad zonder datum; AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_094: Otto Frank aan Milly Stanfield, 16 november 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mdls3\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, archief 257d, De dagboeken van Anne Frank, inv. no. 1i: Gesprek met mevr. R.E. Mengelberg-Draber. In november 1945 vertaalde Anneliese Schutz al <em>Blurry der Weltentdekker, eine Bärengeschichte</em> in opdracht van Otto Frank voor zijn familie in Bazel. AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_072: Otto Frank aan Alice Frank-Stern, 11 november 1945. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qbg0b\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA124: Correspondentie van Otto Frank met Robert Harben, september 1947.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hiojj\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC. reg. code OFA_090: Otto Frank aan Gilles de Neve/Uitgeverij Contact, 27 januari 1949. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qvd0s\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Correspondentie 1948-1955.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gzd5h\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124, Correspondentie, maart 1949.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"59gfi\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie noten 10 en 11.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zjls0\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_125: Otto Frank aan aan Lambert Schneider, 20 maart 1950. In deze brief herinnert hij Schneider aan zijn bezoek op 20 januari 1950 en overhandiging van het manuscript.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"d84mz\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Lambert Schneider aan Otto Frank, 22 maart 1950; AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Contract Lambert Schneider, Hamburg met Otto Frank, 25/28 juli 1950.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0rof4\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Correspondentie van Otto Frank met de uitgeverij van Lambert Schneider, oktober 1950. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"uckgn\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h7nl7\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>NIOD, archief 212c, Anne Frank, inv. no. 5d: Landgericht Lübeck, procesdossier Stielau/ Buddeberg, p. 6.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"19yu2\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Otto Frank aan S. Ficher Verlag, 8 mei 1954. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ah351\" id=\"footnote-19\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-19-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Fischer Bücherei aan Otto Frank, 28 februari 1955. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rzogj\" id=\"footnote-20\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-20-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Fischer Verlag (Christian Wegner) aan Otto Frank, 3 juli 1954.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lkuia\" id=\"footnote-21\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-21-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Fischer Bücherei aan Otto Frank, 7 april 1957.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"klnjo\" id=\"footnote-22\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-22-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie noot 17; NIOD (samenst.), <em>De dagboeken van Anne Frank</em>, 5e, verb. en uitgebr. duk, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2001, p. 81-83: Uitgeverij Contact kortt de tekst in door een aantal passages te schrappen, voerde redactionele veranderingen door en liet seksueel getinte fragmenten weg. Dit gebeurde met instemming van Otto Frank. In de Duitse vertaling van Annelise Schütz werden deze passages grotendeels gehandhaafd. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e0ah7\" id=\"footnote-23\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-23-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ernst Schnabel, <em>Anne Frank, Spur eines Kindes: ein Bericht</em>, Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Bücherei, 1958.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"a2ycn\" id=\"footnote-24\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-24-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Otto Frank aan Lambert Schneider, 16 november 1956. Zie voor de DDR-uitgave van het dagboek, het archief Union Verlag (AFS, AFC, reg. code B_dagboek_I_008).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ajvis\" id=\"footnote-25\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-25-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132, Brief Otto Frank aan Vallentine Mitchel and Co, 22 november 1950. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ja79q\" id=\"footnote-26\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-26-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA 132 : Correspondentie van Otto Frank met Robert Harben, september 1947 - augustus 1948. Otto Frank kende Robert Harben van vroeger van diens ‘leesbibliotheek’ in de buurt van het Merwedeplein waar hij met zijn vrouw Edith kwam.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k3dkc\" id=\"footnote-27\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-27-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Robert Harben aan Otto Frank, 7 augustus 1948.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5j9v5\" id=\"footnote-28\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-28-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_150: Otto Frank aan Meyer Levin, 25 september 1950. Heel veel vrienden en relaties zijn hem hierbij behulpzaam: Walter en Julius Holländer, Nathan Straus, Dola de Jong, Miriam Blumenthal, Annetje Reens, Meyer Levin.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"27vyt\" id=\"footnote-29\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-29-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Vallentine Mitchel and Co. (de heer Japp) aan Otto Frank, 10 oktober 1950.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kyp3w\" id=\"footnote-30\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-30-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Otto Frank aan Vallentine Mitchell and Co., 22 november 1950, AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Vallentine Mitchell and Co. aan Otto Frank, 8 maart 1951.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fots0\" id=\"footnote-31\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-31-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Correspondentie van Otto Frank met Barbara Mooyaart-Doubleday, 1951.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tl1qt\" id=\"footnote-32\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-32-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Vallentine Mitchell and Co. (Japp) aan Otto Frank, 29 mei 1952.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"q1dvr\" id=\"footnote-33\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-33-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-33-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Otto Frank aan Vallentine Mitchell and Co., 12 april 1951. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j1y9u\" id=\"footnote-34\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-34-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie noot 33. Voor meer over het voorwoord door Eleanor Roosevelt, zie AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_ 154, OFA_172 en OFA_132. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"go4rm\" id=\"footnote-35\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-35-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Otto Frank aan Vallentine Mitchell and Co. (Japp), 19 juli 1952. Meyer Levin, "The child behind ther secret door", in: <em>The New York Times Book Review</em>, 15 juni 1952.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>Otto Frank also wanted a German and English translation of the diary.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dba33\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> As with the Dutch edition, he had to go to great lengths to interest foreign publishers. Only after the success of the French edition did this change. Otto Frank was closely involved in the translations and also in choosing the writers of the foreword.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>French translation</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Calmann-Lévy published <em>Le Journal d'Anne Frank</em>, the first foreign edition of the diary, in <strong>March 1950</strong>. This translation was based on the first edition of <em>Het Achterhuis</em> published by Contact and had a foreword by Daniel-Rops.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ksrlf\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Otto Frank wrote to Gilles de Neve of Contact on <strong>27 January 1949</strong> that Calmann-Lévy had the manuscript. On <strong>7 March 1949</strong>, Otto Frank signed the contract with Editions Calman-Lévy. Within 18 months of signing, Calmann-Lévy had to publish the book, otherwise the rights would return to Otto Frank. On <strong>11 March 1950</strong>, the French edition had still not been published. On <strong>26 March 1950</strong>, De Neve thanked Otto Frank for sending him the French edition. According to Otto Frank, this translation by Tylia Caren and Suzanne Lombard was so successful because, as a Dutch Frenchwoman, Tylia Caren had a perfect command of Dutch and Suzanne Lombard was well versed in the language of French youth.<sup data-footnote-id=\"eubjv\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> This first French edition of the diary impressed Meyer Levin. He then worked on the English translation and became interested in the film rights.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jb64k\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> The success of the French edition meant that English and American publishers also became seriously interested.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hke7y\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>German translation</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank first translated excerpts of the stories and diary into German himself for his family in Basel:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote><em>'Endlich komme ich dazu, den Anfang von Anne’s Tagebuch in deutscher Uebersetzung zu senden und hoff, dass ich bald die Fortsetzung schicken kann. Da ich nur wenige exemplare habe muss das vorliegende weiter gegeben werden und ich füge eine Liste bei, wie ich mir den Weg denke. Es ist schwer, alles sinn- und stilgemäss in eine andere Sprache zu übertragen, viel vom original geht verloren. Das ist nicht zu vermeiden und ich bitte jeden von Euch, evtl. Unklarheiten oder Sprachfehler zu notieren und mir mit zuteilen.'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"ccni3\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>In the winter of <strong>1945 - 1946</strong>, commissioned by Otto Frank, Anneliese Schütz began translating the diary into German. She did this on the basis of typescript II.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mdls3\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> <strong>By summer 1947</strong>, the manuscript was at Paul Szolnay Verlag in Vienna.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qbg0b\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Otto Frank was in contact with Dr Fritz Landshoff, the director of the German-language department of Querido publishers, about publishing the diary. At the end of <strong>1948</strong>, this came to nothing.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hiojj\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> Otto Frank approached several German publishers from late <strong>1948 </strong>to <strong>1950 </strong>including: Verlag Kurt Desch (Munich); Volk und Welt (Berlin); Rowohlt (Hamburg); Kiepenheuer Verlag (Berlin); Europa Express (Zurich); Limes Verlag (Wiesbaden); Societäts Verlag (Frankfurt) and an unnamed publisher in Koblenz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qvd0s\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In searching for a publisher, he enlisted the help of the lawyer Max Cahn, a former classmate at the Lessing Grammar School and also his legal adviser E.D. Hirsch Ballin. Max Cahn in turn also enlisted the help of an old classmate, Walter Carstanjen, the chief editor of the <em>Börssenblatt für den Deutschen Buchhandel</em>. He sent Otto Frank a list of possible publishers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gzd5h\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> One reason the German publishers rejected the diary was the crisis situation in the German book trade. As there had just been a money purge, no one dared to take a risk. Another reason was that the diary would not be literary enough and was therefore not suitable for the general German public.<sup data-footnote-id=\"59gfi\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>20 January 1950</strong>, Otto Frank met Lambert Schneider of the publishing house of the same name and gave him the German manuscript of the diary.<sup data-footnote-id=\"zjls0\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup> On <strong>22 March 1950</strong>, Schneider responded positively and the contract was signed on <strong>25/28 July 1950</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"d84mz\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup> Otto Frank was closely involved in the final translation and publication of the diary.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0rof4\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup><em> Das Tagebuch der Anne Frank</em> appeared in <strong>November 1950</strong> in an edition of 4,600 copies. The foreword was by Marie Baum. Previous candidates for the foreword were Herman Hesse (too ill) and Eugen Kogon.<sup data-footnote-id=\"uckgn\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup> Sales figures were relatively low.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7nl7\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank thought a wide distribution of the diary among German youth was very important. In his opinion, this was only possible with a cheaper edition.<sup data-footnote-id=\"19yu2\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup> In <strong>March 1955</strong>, the paperback edition of the <em>Tagebuch der Anne Frank</em> was published (under licence from the Lambert Schneider Verlag) by the <em>Fischer Bücherei</em> (Frankfurt am Main und Hamburg) in an edition of 50,000 copies.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ah351\"><a href=\"#footnote-19\" id=\"footnote-marker-19-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[19]</a></sup> The German translation by Anneliese Schütz had been revised by Maria Honeit, who corrected many errors and made the language use more 'natural'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"rzogj\"><a href=\"#footnote-20\" id=\"footnote-marker-20-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[20]</a></sup> Within a month, 30,000 copies were sold. <sup data-footnote-id=\"lkuia\"><a href=\"#footnote-21\" id=\"footnote-marker-21-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[21]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Because the German-language editions were based on a fuller version of Typescript II than the first Dutch edition of Contact, questions were raised not only about the person Anne Frank but also about the authenticity of the diary.<sup data-footnote-id=\"klnjo\"><a href=\"#footnote-22\" id=\"footnote-marker-22-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[22]</a></sup> Ernst Schnabel was therefore commissioned by the Fischer Bücherei to investigate the historicity of the character Anne Frank, which resulted in the book <em>Spur eines Kindes.</em> <sup data-footnote-id=\"e0ah7\"><a href=\"#footnote-23\" id=\"footnote-marker-23-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[23]</a></sup> The proceeds were earmarked for the Anne Frank Stipend, which aimed to give Israeli students the opportunity to study in Europe.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7nl7\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank also attached great importance to a cheap edition in East Germany. In <strong>1957</strong>, Union Verlag published the diary there. <sup data-footnote-id=\"a2ycn\"><a href=\"#footnote-24\" id=\"footnote-marker-24-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[24]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>English translation</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank had an English translation of the diary by Rosey Pool very early on. She, like Anneliese Schütz, was an acquaintance of Otto Frank and his family. With this translation, Otto approached English publishers. Rosey Pool began her translation at about the same time as Anneliese Schütz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ccni3\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Pool had taught English to Edith Frank.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ajvis\"><a href=\"#footnote-25\" id=\"footnote-marker-25-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[25]</a></sup> Literary agent Robert Harben approached Otto Frank about publishing the diary in England, but several English publishers turned it down, including: Heineman Ltd, Gollancz; Allen & Unwin; New Universal Encyclopedia; Falcon Press; Hamish Hamilton; Martin Secker.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ja79q\"><a href=\"#footnote-26\" id=\"footnote-marker-26-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[26]</a></sup> According to Harben, because the publishers and the public were averse to more books on war and resistance. <sup data-footnote-id=\"k3dkc\"><a href=\"#footnote-27\" id=\"footnote-marker-27-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[27]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nIn the United States, Otto Frank was also in contact with several publishers: Secker & Warburg, Gollanz, Heineman, Allen & Unwin, Mc Millan, Scribners, Siggewick & Jackson, Doubleday Doran, Hutchinson, John Lehman, Viking Press, Vanguard Press, Warendorf, Simon & Shuster, Appleton Century, Knopf, Schocken, Random House, Little Brown & Company.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5j9v5\"><a href=\"#footnote-28\" id=\"footnote-marker-28-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[28]</a></sup> Due to the success of the French edition of the diary, the English publisher Vallentine Mitchell & Company offered to publish the diary.<sup data-footnote-id=\"27vyt\"><a href=\"#footnote-29\" id=\"footnote-marker-29-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[29]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Because Rosey Pool's translation was not satisfactory, Barbara Mooyaart-Doubleday was commissioned by Vallentine Mitchell to retranslate the diary.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kyp3w\"><a href=\"#footnote-30\" id=\"footnote-marker-30-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[30]</a></sup> Otto Frank kept in close contact with her about the translation and also had her translate some passages that were missing from the Dutch edition.<sup data-footnote-id=\"fots0\"><a href=\"#footnote-31\" id=\"footnote-marker-31-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[31]</a></sup> <em>The Diary of a Young Girl</em>, with a foreword by writer Margaret Storm Jameson, was released in England on <strong>30 April 1952.</strong> Reviews were good, but sales were disappointing.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tl1qt\"><a href=\"#footnote-32\" id=\"footnote-marker-32-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[32]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nLengthy negotiations between Otto Frank and Little, Brown and Company for the American edition of the diary stranded in <strong>March 1951</strong> due to disagreements over the translation, Canadian rights and film rights to the diary.<sup data-footnote-id=\"q1dvr\"><a href=\"#footnote-33\" id=\"footnote-marker-33-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[33]</a></sup> Then Otto Frank quickly reached an agreement with US publisher Doubleday and Company.<sup data-footnote-id=\"q1dvr\"><a href=\"#footnote-33\" id=\"footnote-marker-33-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[33]</a></sup> Through the mediation of Nathan Straus, the foreword was written by Eleanor Roosevelt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j1y9u\"><a href=\"#footnote-34\" id=\"footnote-marker-34-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[34]</a></sup> The diary was published in the United States on <strong>12 June 1952</strong> (Anne's birthday). After a wildly enthusiastic review by Meyer Levin in <em>The New York Times Book Review</em> of <strong>15 June 1952</strong>, the diary ranked sixth on the bestseller list in the United States five weeks after its publication.<sup data-footnote-id=\"go4rm\"><a href=\"#footnote-35\" id=\"footnote-marker-35-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[35]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dba33\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFS), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_072: Otto Frank aan Alice Frank-Stern, 11 november 1945 ('… unbedingt veröffentlichen, ein ganz grosses Werk! Iht kont Euch nicht vorstellen, was da allen drin steht, ich kann leider vorerst nichts übersetzen, aber es wird kommen und es wird auch in Deutsch heraus gegeben werden und in english'.<em>)</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ksrlf\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_090: Correspondentie van Otto Frank met Uitgeverij Contact, .januari 1949 -maart 1950.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"eubjv\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_159: Otto Frank aan Meyer Levin, 29 september 1959; AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Otto Frank aan Vallentine Mitchell and Co., 21 november 1950 (over de Engelse vertaling). Zie ook: Myriam de Veth, '<a href=\"https://www.tijdschrift-filter.nl/jaargangen/2016/234/tylia-een-onvoltooid-portret-32-38/\">Tylia, een onvoltooid portret</a>', in: <em>Filter, tijdschrift over vertalen</em>, 23 (2016) 4, p, 32-38.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jb64k\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_159: Correspondentie van Meyer Levin met Otto Frank, september 1950, waarin Levin zegt het dagboek (gratis) te willen vertalen. Hij informeert over Engelse en Amerikaanse rechten voor het dagboek en ook naar de mogelijkheden van een verfilming.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hke7y\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Correspondentie van Otto Frank met Vallentine Mitchell and Co., 10 oktober1950, 22 november 1950.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ccni3\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_094: Otto Frank aan meine Lieben, klad zonder datum; AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_094: Otto Frank aan Milly Stanfield, 16 november 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mdls3\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, archief 257d, De dagboeken van Anne Frank, inv. no. 1i: Gesprek met mevr. R.E. Mengelberg-Draber. In november 1945 vertaalde Anneliese Schutz al <em>Blurry der Weltentdekker, eine Bärengeschichte</em> in opdracht van Otto Frank voor zijn familie in Bazel. AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_072: Otto Frank aan Alice Frank-Stern, 11 november 1945. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qbg0b\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA124: Correspondentie van Otto Frank met Robert Harben, september 1947.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hiojj\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC. reg. code OFA_090: Otto Frank aan Gilles de Neve/Uitgeverij Contact, 27 januari 1949. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qvd0s\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Correspondentie 1948-1955.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gzd5h\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124, Correspondentie, maart 1949.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"59gfi\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie noten 10 en 11.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zjls0\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_125: Otto Frank aan aan Lambert Schneider, 20 maart 1950. In deze brief herinnert hij Schneider aan zijn bezoek op 20 januari 1950 en overhandiging van het manuscript.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"d84mz\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Lambert Schneider aan Otto Frank, 22 maart 1950; AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Contract Lambert Schneider, Hamburg met Otto Frank, 25/28 juli 1950.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0rof4\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Correspondentie van Otto Frank met de uitgeverij van Lambert Schneider, oktober 1950. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"uckgn\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h7nl7\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>NIOD, archief 212c, Anne Frank, inv. no. 5d: Landgericht Lübeck, procesdossier Stielau/ Buddeberg, p. 6.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"19yu2\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Otto Frank aan S. Ficher Verlag, 8 mei 1954. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ah351\" id=\"footnote-19\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-19-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Fischer Bücherei aan Otto Frank, 28 februari 1955. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rzogj\" id=\"footnote-20\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-20-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Fischer Verlag (Christian Wegner) aan Otto Frank, 3 juli 1954.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lkuia\" id=\"footnote-21\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-21-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Fischer Bücherei aan Otto Frank, 7 april 1957.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"klnjo\" id=\"footnote-22\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-22-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie noot 17; NIOD (samenst.), <em>De dagboeken van Anne Frank</em>, 5e, verb. en uitgebr. duk, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2001, p. 81-83: Uitgeverij Contact kortt de tekst in door een aantal passages te schrappen, voerde redactionele veranderingen door en liet seksueel getinte fragmenten weg. Dit gebeurde met instemming van Otto Frank. In de Duitse vertaling van Annelise Schütz werden deze passages grotendeels gehandhaafd. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e0ah7\" id=\"footnote-23\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-23-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ernst Schnabel, <em>Anne Frank, Spur eines Kindes: ein Bericht</em>, Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Bücherei, 1958.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"a2ycn\" id=\"footnote-24\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-24-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_124: Otto Frank aan Lambert Schneider, 16 november 1956. Zie voor de DDR-uitgave van het dagboek, het archief Union Verlag (AFS, AFC, reg. code B_dagboek_I_008).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ajvis\" id=\"footnote-25\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-25-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132, Brief Otto Frank aan Vallentine Mitchel and Co, 22 november 1950. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ja79q\" id=\"footnote-26\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-26-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA 132 : Correspondentie van Otto Frank met Robert Harben, september 1947 - augustus 1948. Otto Frank kende Robert Harben van vroeger van diens ‘leesbibliotheek’ in de buurt van het Merwedeplein waar hij met zijn vrouw Edith kwam.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k3dkc\" id=\"footnote-27\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-27-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Robert Harben aan Otto Frank, 7 augustus 1948.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5j9v5\" id=\"footnote-28\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-28-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_150: Otto Frank aan Meyer Levin, 25 september 1950. Heel veel vrienden en relaties zijn hem hierbij behulpzaam: Walter en Julius Holländer, Nathan Straus, Dola de Jong, Miriam Blumenthal, Annetje Reens, Meyer Levin.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"27vyt\" id=\"footnote-29\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-29-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Vallentine Mitchel and Co. (de heer Japp) aan Otto Frank, 10 oktober 1950.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kyp3w\" id=\"footnote-30\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-30-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Otto Frank aan Vallentine Mitchell and Co., 22 november 1950, AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Vallentine Mitchell and Co. aan Otto Frank, 8 maart 1951.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fots0\" id=\"footnote-31\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-31-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Correspondentie van Otto Frank met Barbara Mooyaart-Doubleday, 1951.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tl1qt\" id=\"footnote-32\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-32-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Vallentine Mitchell and Co. (Japp) aan Otto Frank, 29 mei 1952.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"q1dvr\" id=\"footnote-33\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-33-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-33-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Otto Frank aan Vallentine Mitchell and Co., 12 april 1951. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j1y9u\" id=\"footnote-34\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-34-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie noot 33. Voor meer over het voorwoord door Eleanor Roosevelt, zie AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_ 154, OFA_172 en OFA_132. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"go4rm\" id=\"footnote-35\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-35-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_132: Otto Frank aan Vallentine Mitchell and Co. (Japp), 19 juli 1952. Meyer Levin, "The child behind ther secret door", in: <em>The New York Times Book Review</em>, 15 juni 1952.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The first translations of Anne Frank's diary appeared in the early 1950s, thanks in part to Otto Frank's efforts.",
"summary_nl": "Begin jaren '50 verschenen de eerste vertaling van het dagboek van Anne Frank, mede dankzij de inspanningen van Otto Frank.",
"summary_en": "The first translations of Anne Frank's diary appeared in the early 1950s, thanks in part to Otto Frank's efforts.",
"same_as": null,
"parent": 396124643,
"files": []
}
