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{
"id": 396124537,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/82b03c90-8415-4bd9-bd97-09dc42d94819/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "82b03c90-8415-4bd9-bd97-09dc42d94819",
"name": "Names of Margot Frank",
"name_nl": "Naam van Margot Frank",
"name_en": "Names of Margot Frank",
"description": "<p>Margot's official name was: <em>Margot Betti Frank</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"z263g\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Betti possibly referred to Edith's sister Bettina, who died young<sup data-footnote-id=\"uxo24\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> and/or to her paternal grandmother, Alice Betty Frank-Stern.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sbfme\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>A pet name for Margot was <em>Mutz</em>, meaning little bear.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f755p\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> On the back of a photograph of Margot is written: <em>Viele Grüsse Dein Mutzelein</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5ca88\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Jewish women with a non-Biblical first name were given the name 'Sara' as a compulsory addition in Germany during the Nazi regime. In the records of the Emigration Bureau, located on Lijnbaansgracht in Amsterdam and part of the Jewish Council, Margot was therefore given the name:<em> Frank, Margot Betti Sara</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ghymy\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Margot's maternal grandmother, Alice Frank-Stern, called her <em>ange </em>('angel' in French) in a <strong>1950</strong> letter <em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"5jqy3\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>When Anne Frank wrote the second version (the B version) of her diary, she wrote a list of the names she wanted to give the people in a book to be published later. She first wanted to call her sister <em>Betty Aulis</em>, and later <em>Betty Robin</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"bfwhi\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Otto Frank did not adopt those names and kept the surname Frank in the first edition of the diary (1947).<sup data-footnote-id=\"qvfvq\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"z263g\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Margot Frank.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"uxo24\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Melissa Müller en Carol Ann Lee beweren dat Margot vernoemd is naar haar tante Bettina Höllander. Waar zij dit op baseren is niet duidelijk. Zie: Melissa Müller, <em>Anne Frank. De biografie</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1998, p. 23; Carol Ann Lee, <em>Anne Frank 1929-1945. Pluk rozen op aarde en vergeet mij niet</em>, Amsterdam: Balans, 1998, p. 28.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sbfme\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Alice Frank, AFF_AlF_pdoc_02: Familien-Stammbuch Michael Frank en Alice Stern.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f755p\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Diverse agendanotities door de loop der jaren heen op 16 februari, Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_003 - 033: Brief Otto Frank aan Meyer Levin, 18 september 1952.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5ca88\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_MFrank_III_012: Studiofoto uit 1929.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ghymy\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, toegangsnummer 77, Generalkommissariat für das Sicherheitswesen, inv. nr. 1480.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5jqy3\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_071: Alice Frank-Stern aan een onbekende, 4 september 1950.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bfwhi\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>'Pseudoniemenlijstje', in: Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie (NIOD) (samenst.), <em>De dagboeken van Anne Frank</em>, 5e, verb. en uitgebr. druk, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2001, p. 70.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qvfvq\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, <em>Het Achterhuis: dagboekbrieven van 12 Juni 1942 - 1 Augustus 1944,</em> Amsterdam: Contact, 1947.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De oficiële naam van Margot was: <em>Margot Betti Frank</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"z263g\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Betti verwees mogelijk naar Ediths jong gestorven zusje Bettina<sup data-footnote-id=\"uxo24\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> en/of naar haar oma van vaderszijde, Alice Betty Frank-Stern.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sbfme\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Als koosnaam had Margot <em>Mutz</em>, wat klein beertje betekent.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f755p\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Achterop een foto van Margot staat geschreven: <em>Viele Grüsse Dein Mutzelein</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5ca88\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Joodse vrouwen met een niet-Bijbelse voornaam kregen in Duitsland tijdens het naziregime de naam 'Sara' als verplichte toevoeging. In de administratie van het Bureau Emigratie, gevestigd aan de Lijnbaansgracht te Amsterdam en onderdeel van de Joodse Raad, kreeg Margot daarom de naam:<em> Frank, Margot Betti Sara</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ghymy\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Margots oma van moederszijde, Alice Frank-Stern, noemde haar in een brief uit <strong>1950</strong>: <em>ange (engel in het Frans).</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"5jqy3\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Toen Anne Frank de tweede versie (versie b) van haar dagboek schreef, noteerde ze op een lijstje welke namen ze de personen in een later te publiceren boek wilde geven. Haar zus wilde ze eerst <em>Betty Aulis</em>, later <em>Betty Robin</em> noemen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"bfwhi\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Otto Frank heeft die namen niet overgenomen en in de eerste uitgave van het dagboek (1947) de familienaam Frank aangehouden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qvfvq\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"z263g\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Margot Frank.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"uxo24\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Melissa Müller en Carol Ann Lee beweren dat Margot vernoemd is naar haar tante Bettina Höllander. Waar zij dit op baseren is niet duidelijk. Zie: Melissa Müller, <em>Anne Frank. De biografie</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1998, p. 23; Carol Ann Lee, <em>Anne Frank 1929-1945. Pluk rozen op aarde en vergeet mij niet</em>, Amsterdam: Balans, 1998, p. 28.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sbfme\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Alice Frank, AFF_AlF_pdoc_02: Familien-Stammbuch Michael Frank en Alice Stern.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f755p\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Diverse agendanotities door de loop der jaren heen op 16 februari, Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_003 - 033: Brief Otto Frank aan Meyer Levin, 18 september 1952.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5ca88\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_MFrank_III_012: Studiofoto uit 1929.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ghymy\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, toegangsnummer 77, Generalkommissariat für das Sicherheitswesen, inv. nr. 1480.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5jqy3\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_071: Alice Frank-Stern aan een onbekende, 4 september 1950.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bfwhi\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>'Pseudoniemenlijstje', in: Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie (NIOD) (samenst.), <em>De dagboeken van Anne Frank</em>, 5e, verb. en uitgebr. druk, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2001, p. 70.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qvfvq\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, <em>Het Achterhuis: dagboekbrieven van 12 Juni 1942 - 1 Augustus 1944,</em> Amsterdam: Contact, 1947.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>Margot's official name was: <em>Margot Betti Frank</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"z263g\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Betti possibly referred to Edith's sister Bettina, who died young<sup data-footnote-id=\"uxo24\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> and/or to her paternal grandmother, Alice Betty Frank-Stern.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sbfme\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>A pet name for Margot was <em>Mutz</em>, meaning little bear.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f755p\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> On the back of a photograph of Margot is written: <em>Viele Grüsse Dein Mutzelein</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5ca88\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Jewish women with a non-Biblical first name were given the name 'Sara' as a compulsory addition in Germany during the Nazi regime. In the records of the Emigration Bureau, located on Lijnbaansgracht in Amsterdam and part of the Jewish Council, Margot was therefore given the name:<em> Frank, Margot Betti Sara</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ghymy\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Margot's maternal grandmother, Alice Frank-Stern, called her <em>ange </em>('angel' in French) in a <strong>1950</strong> letter <em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"5jqy3\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>When Anne Frank wrote the second version (the B version) of her diary, she wrote a list of the names she wanted to give the people in a book to be published later. She first wanted to call her sister <em>Betty Aulis</em>, and later <em>Betty Robin</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"bfwhi\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Otto Frank did not adopt those names and kept the surname Frank in the first edition of the diary (1947).<sup data-footnote-id=\"qvfvq\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"z263g\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Margot Frank.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"uxo24\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Melissa Müller en Carol Ann Lee beweren dat Margot vernoemd is naar haar tante Bettina Höllander. Waar zij dit op baseren is niet duidelijk. Zie: Melissa Müller, <em>Anne Frank. De biografie</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1998, p. 23; Carol Ann Lee, <em>Anne Frank 1929-1945. Pluk rozen op aarde en vergeet mij niet</em>, Amsterdam: Balans, 1998, p. 28.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sbfme\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Alice Frank, AFF_AlF_pdoc_02: Familien-Stammbuch Michael Frank en Alice Stern.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f755p\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Diverse agendanotities door de loop der jaren heen op 16 februari, Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_003 - 033: Brief Otto Frank aan Meyer Levin, 18 september 1952.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5ca88\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_MFrank_III_012: Studiofoto uit 1929.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ghymy\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, toegangsnummer 77, Generalkommissariat für das Sicherheitswesen, inv. nr. 1480.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5jqy3\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_071: Alice Frank-Stern aan een onbekende, 4 september 1950.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bfwhi\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>'Pseudoniemenlijstje', in: Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie (NIOD) (samenst.), <em>De dagboeken van Anne Frank</em>, 5e, verb. en uitgebr. druk, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2001, p. 70.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qvfvq\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, <em>Het Achterhuis: dagboekbrieven van 12 Juni 1942 - 1 Augustus 1944,</em> Amsterdam: Contact, 1947.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "Variations of Margot Frank's name.",
"summary_nl": "Naamsvarianten van Margot Frank.",
"summary_en": "Variations of Margot Frank's name.",
"same_as": null,
"parent": 396124518,
"files": []
}