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"id": 396124635,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/926c0256-166b-434e-81d3-c3ac1c37f5a8/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "926c0256-166b-434e-81d3-c3ac1c37f5a8",
"name": "Peter van Pels and his parents",
"name_nl": "Peter van Pels en zijn ouders",
"name_en": "Peter van Pels and his parents",
"description": "<p>Auguste van Pels-Röttgen and Hermann van Pels had one son: Peter, born on <strong>8 November 1926 </strong> in Osnabrück, Germany.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ebbxk\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> He was an only child.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>An important source on the relationship between Peter and his parents is Anne's diary. This source is obviously limited to the period in hiding and is subjective. For instance, Anne makes several negative comments about the relationship between Peter and his parents.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7un07\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Nevertheless, it gives some insight into the dealings between father, mother and son.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>September</strong> <strong>1942</strong>, when Johannes Kleiman brought a book deemed unsuitable for young people, Peter was not allowed to read it. It was the trilogy <em>Gij Vrouwen...!, Vrouwen in nood en Vrouwenroeping</em> by Helen Zenna Smith, which had been published by Arbeiderspers in <strong>1938</strong>. When he finally got hold of the book, his mother gave in, while his father stood firm.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9ckyu\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Later, Anne writes that Auguste had not told her husband that Peter was reading the book anyway. When the latter found out, according to Anne,<em> "a slap, a whack and a tug-of-war, the book lay on the table and Peter was in the loft.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"xm9mc\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In a conversation with Edith Frank, Auguste van Pels described her son as<em> "extraordinarily modest" </em>(as, incidentally, did her husband and Margot).<sup data-footnote-id=\"yk9dw\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>When Auguste wanted to cut Peter's hair in <strong>May '44</strong>, it led to some pushing and pulling that Anne describes in detail in her diary as<em> "a new sketch to make you laugh</em><em>"</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jqvff\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank expressed very negative views on the Van Pels couple's parenting in an interview conducted in <strong>1977</strong>: '<em>Peter’s parents were absolutely no good parents for Peter. They hit him and threw him out. Peter didn't have the backing of his parents at all and you see that also in his answers to Anna. To me he said I’ am much more kind to help his nature.' </em><sup data-footnote-id=\"jk0ng\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ebbxk\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart H. van Pels.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7un07\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijvoorbeeld: Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 2 March 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works,</em> transl. from the Dtch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9ckyu\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 21 September 1942 (1st), in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xm9mc\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 2 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yk9dw\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 27 September 1942 (2nd), in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jqvff\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 11 May 1944 (1st), in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jk0ng\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_211: Interview met Otto Frank, afgenomen door Arthur Unger (1978) (transcriptie p. 94).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>Auguste van Pels–Röttgen en Hermann van Pels habben één zoon: Peter, geboren op <strong>8 november 1926 </strong> in Osnabrück te Duitsland.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ebbxk\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Hij was enigst kind.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Een belangrijke bron over de relatie tussen Peter en zijn ouders is Annes dagboek. Deze bron beperkt zich uiteraard tot de onderduikperiode en is subjectief. Zo laat Anne zich meerdere keren negatief uit over de relatie tussen Peter en zijn ouders.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7un07\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Desondanks geeft het enig inzicht in de omgang tussen vader, moeder en zoon.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Toen Johannes Kleiman in <strong>september 1942</strong> een boek meebracht dat ongeschikt voor de jeugd werdt geacht, mocht Peter dat niet lezen. Het ging om de trilogie <em>Gij Vrouwen..!, Vrouwen in nood en Vrouwenroeping</em> door Helen Zenna Smith, dat in 1938 bij de Arbeiderspers was verschenen. Toen hij het boek uiteindelijk toch te pakken kreeg, gaf zijn moeder toe, terwijl zijn vader voet bij stuk hield.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9ckyu\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Later schrijft Anne dat Auguste niet tegen haar man had verteld dat Peter het boek toch las. Toen deze er achter kwam, volgde volgens Anne '<em>een tik, een klap, een ruk, het boek lag op tafel en Peter zat op de vliering.'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"xm9mc\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In een gesprek met Edith Frank omschreef Auguste van Pels haar zoon als '<em>buitengewoon bescheiden' </em>(evenals overigens haar man en Margot).<sup data-footnote-id=\"yk9dw\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Toen Auguste in <strong>mei '44</strong> Peters haar wilde knippen, leidde dat tot een stoeipartijtje dat Anne in haar dagboek uitvoerig beschrijft als '<em>een nieuw toneeltje om te lachen</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"jqvff\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank liet zich in een in <strong>1977</strong> afgenomen interview erg negatief uit over het ouderschap van het echtpaar Van Pels: '<em>Peter’s parents were absolutely no good parents for Peter. They hit him and threw him out. Peter didn't have the backing of his parents at all and you see that also in his answers to Anna. To me he said I’ am much more kind to help his nature.' </em><sup data-footnote-id=\"jk0ng\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ebbxk\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart H. van Pels.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7un07\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijvoorbeeld: Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 2 maart 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk,</em> Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9ckyu\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 21 september 1942, 1e, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xm9mc\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek B, 2 september 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yk9dw\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 27 september 1942, 2e, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jqvff\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 11 mei 1944, 1e, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jk0ng\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_211: Interview met Otto Frank, afgenomen door Arthur Unger (1978) (transcriptie p. 94).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>Auguste van Pels-Röttgen and Hermann van Pels had one son: Peter, born on <strong>8 November 1926 </strong> in Osnabrück, Germany.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ebbxk\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> He was an only child.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>An important source on the relationship between Peter and his parents is Anne's diary. This source is obviously limited to the period in hiding and is subjective. For instance, Anne makes several negative comments about the relationship between Peter and his parents.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7un07\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Nevertheless, it gives some insight into the dealings between father, mother and son.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>September</strong> <strong>1942</strong>, when Johannes Kleiman brought a book deemed unsuitable for young people, Peter was not allowed to read it. It was the trilogy <em>Gij Vrouwen...!, Vrouwen in nood en Vrouwenroeping</em> by Helen Zenna Smith, which had been published by Arbeiderspers in <strong>1938</strong>. When he finally got hold of the book, his mother gave in, while his father stood firm.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9ckyu\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Later, Anne writes that Auguste had not told her husband that Peter was reading the book anyway. When the latter found out, according to Anne,<em> "a slap, a whack and a tug-of-war, the book lay on the table and Peter was in the loft.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"xm9mc\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In a conversation with Edith Frank, Auguste van Pels described her son as<em> "extraordinarily modest" </em>(as, incidentally, did her husband and Margot).<sup data-footnote-id=\"yk9dw\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>When Auguste wanted to cut Peter's hair in <strong>May '44</strong>, it led to some pushing and pulling that Anne describes in detail in her diary as<em> "a new sketch to make you laugh</em><em>"</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jqvff\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank expressed very negative views on the Van Pels couple's parenting in an interview conducted in <strong>1977</strong>: '<em>Peter’s parents were absolutely no good parents for Peter. They hit him and threw him out. Peter didn't have the backing of his parents at all and you see that also in his answers to Anna. To me he said I’ am much more kind to help his nature.' </em><sup data-footnote-id=\"jk0ng\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ebbxk\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart H. van Pels.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7un07\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bijvoorbeeld: Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 2 March 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works,</em> transl. from the Dtch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9ckyu\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 21 September 1942 (1st), in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xm9mc\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 2 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yk9dw\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 27 September 1942 (2nd), in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jqvff\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 11 May 1944 (1st), in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jk0ng\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_211: Interview met Otto Frank, afgenomen door Arthur Unger (1978) (transcriptie p. 94).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
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}