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Margot Frank at the Joods Lyceum

Margot Frank was transferred to the 4th grade of the Jewish Lyceum as a result of the anti-Jewish measures.

Event

Oct. 15, 1941

52.361351 N 4.90487 E

Voormalige Stadstimmertuin 1

Amsterdam

Nederland

From September 1941, Margot Frank could no longer attend the Municipal Lyceum for Girls due to anti-Jewish measures. She then had to go to the 4th grade of the HBS of the Jewish Lyceum, located at Voormalige Stadstimmertuin 1, in Amsterdam. She attended school there until she had to go into hiding in the Secret Annex on 6 July 1942.

Amsterdam alderman Franken, according to a letter in April 1941, expected: "measures, which will lead to the Jewish pupils of Amsterdam schools being concentrated in schools, exclusively intended for these pupils".[1]

From 9 to 14 July 1941, Amsterdam school heads had to count their Jewish pupils and report the number to the Central Pupil Enrolment Office.[2]

Margot's transfer to the 4th grade of the Jewish Lyceum was in October 1941.[3] The first day of classes was on 15 October 1941.[4] Margot entered class 4B2 in the school year 1941-1942. Her classmates were:

  • Asscher, Abraham
  • Baruch, Franz Ralph
  • Berg, Levie van den
  • Blokjesman, Meijer
  • Bremer, Eduard
  • Frijda, Jetteke
  • Gans, Philip
  • Hertzberger, Leopold
  • Heijmans, Ernst Bob
  • Lek, Trees Evelijn
  • Marcus, Heinz Theo
  • Menist, Abraham
  • Neter, Albert Hans
  • Rajgrodski, Henoch
  • Rodrigues, Maurits
  • Rijn, Hugo van
  • Schelvis, Mozes
  • Spijer, Herbert Willem
  • Swaab, Simon
  • Sweijd, Frits
  • Verduin, Wanda
  • Wegloop, Leman
  • Witteboon, Asser
  • Zimmern, Georg
  • Zwaaf, Lena [5]

Margot Frank was friends with Jetteke Frijda. They already knew each other from the Municipal Lyceum for Girls.[6]​ After the war, Bloeme Emden stated that she had been in Margot's parallel class,[7] but her name does not appear in the Absentee Register of the Jewish Lyceum.[8] Bloeme was mistaken here. She did not attend the Jewish Lyceum, but went to the Jewish HBS-A with a five-year course[9] at Mauritskade 24 in 1941.[10]

Anne wrote about Margot's progress: "My sister Margot has also gotten her report card. Brilliant, as usual. If we had such a thing as "cum laude" she would have passed with honors, she's so smart".[11]

Among the books Margot read at this school was 'Le Bourgeouis Gentilhomme. Comédie-ballet en cinq actes' by Molière. This book has been preserved. It is an annotated version for school use. On the flyleaf it reads in pencil: M. Frank. Oct. 1941 Jewish Lyceum.[12] Also preserved is the book 'English Passages for Translation', compiled by Dr H.G. de Maar, from Margot's school days. She noted in the front: Margot Frank IV B II.[13]

The second school year, 1942-43 – in hiding and deportation

On 6 July 1942, Margot's school career came to an abrupt end when she and her family were forced to go into hiding after receiving a call-up the day before to report for transport to Germany. Some of her classmates later also went into hiding, while others complied with the call-ups or were arrested and transported in the months that followed. After the summer holidays of 1942, the remaining students from parallel classes 4B1 and 4B2 were merged into class 5B. As far as is known, there were six students in this class, only one of whom was from Margot's class: Frits Sweijd.[14]

Of the twenty-five students who started in class 4B2 in 1941, eighteen were killed in concentration and extermination camps: ten students in Auschwitz and its sub-camps (Levie van den Berg, Meijer Blokjesman, Ernst Heijmans, Albert Hans Neter, Maurits Rodrigues, Mozes Schelvis, Simon Swaab, Wanda Verduin, Leman Wegloop and Georg Zimmern) and three students in Sobibor (Abraham Menist, Asser Witteboom and Lena Zwaaf). Franz Baruch died in Ebensee, a subcamp of Mauthausen, Philip Gans in Gross Rosen and Leopold Hertzberger in Schöppinitz. Three students ended up in Bergen-Belsen, Margot Frank and Hugo van Rijn died there, Bram Asscher survived the camp. Treesje Lek experienced the liberation in Mauthausen. Four students managed to survive in hiding until liberation (Jetteke Frijda, Heinz Theo Marcus, Herbert Willem Spijer and Frits Sweijd). Henoch Rajgrodski managed to flee to Switzerland.

Footnotes

  1. ^ Conceptbrief 21 april 1941, aangehaald in: Dienke Hondius, Absent. Herinneringen aan het Joods Lyceum Amsterdam, 1941-1943, Amsterdam: Vassallucci, 2001, p. 31 en noot 34.
  2. ^ Hondius, Absent, p. 35; Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), toegangsnummer 7410: Lijsten met opgaven van joodse leerlingen op de verschillende Amsterdamse middelbare scholen.
  3. ^ Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 20 June 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
  4. ^ NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, W.H.S. Elte (toegang 181e), inv. nr. 1, rector Joods Lyceum aan de inspecteur voor de Lycea, 10 oktober 1941.
  5. ^ NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, W.S.H. Elte (toegang 181e), inv. nr. 2f: Absentenregister klas 4BII Joods Lyceum, 1 maart – 17 juli 1942. NB. Een aantal namen op de lijst in Hondius, Absent, p. 281-282 blijkt na vergelijking met de namen en adressen in het Absentenregister niet te kloppen. Die zijn hier gecorrigeerd.
  6. ^ Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Frijda, Jetteke; AFS, Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_100: Correspondentie tussen Jetteke Frijda en Otto Frank. 
  7. ^ Willy Lindwer, De laatste zeven maanden. Vrouwen in het spoor van Anne Frank (Hilversum 1988), 130, 134 en 142-143.
  8. ^ NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, W.S.H. Elte (toegang 181e), inv. nr. 2f: Absentenregister klas 4BI Joods Lyceum, 1 maart – 17 juli 1942; Hondius, Absent, p. 280-281.
  9. ^ Not to be confused with the Orthodox Jewish HBS at Voormalige Stadstimmertuin 2. See: Joods Amsterdam, Joodse HBS / Maimonides en Mauritskade 24 – Joodse HBS.
  10. ^ Bloeme Evers-Emden, Als een pluisje in de wind, Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Van Praag, 2012, p. 64.
  11. ^ Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 5 July 1942, in: The Collected Works.
  12. ^ AFS, AFC, reg. code A_MFrank_VII_005.
  13. ^ AFS, AFC, reg. code A_MFrank_VII_003.
  14. ^ NIOD, Archief 181e (W.S.H. Elte), inv. nr. 2: Correspondentie met de inspecteur der Gemeentebelastingen en anderen over komst en vertrek van leerlingen, en over regelingen m.b.t. het schoolgeld, 24 september 1941 - 18 februari 1943.

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