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Hildegard Lewkowitz - Bloch

Hildegard Lewkowitz-Bloch was a neighbour of the Frank family.

Person

  • Hildegard Lewkowitz - Bloch
  • Born on: May 18, 1897
  • Born in: Breslau, Duitsland

Anne Frank mentions her in her diary in connection with the problems relating to the subtenant Werner Goldschmidt, who stayed behind in their home.[1]

Hildegard Bloch had married Jewish theologian and philisopher Albert Lewkowitz in Breslau on 4 March 1917.[2] Their son Karl Friedrich was born on 10 September 1922. 

In October 1939 the couple left for the Netherlands, where Albert taught philosophy at the Netherlands Jewish Theological Seminary in Amsterdam.[3] Their son was a Zionist and had already fled to the Netherlands in December 1938, where he took up residence in the Werkdorp Wieringermeer, an agrarian training complex for young Jewish refugees from Germany and Austria, almost immediately after arrival.[4]

On 4 May 1940, the couple was stripped of their deutschen Staatsangehörigkeit.[5]

On 29 August 1940, they and their son received a certificate of good conduct from the Mayor of Amsterdam, intended for emigration to the United States.[6] This indicated that their application for the US was at a relatively advanced stage. It is not known why the family was ultimately unable to leave.

On 11 June 1941, there was a raid in Amsterdam-Zuid, mainly targeting former residents of Werkdorp Wieringermeer. Among those arrested was Karl Friedrich Lewkowitz.[7] He was transported via Schoorl camp to Mauthausen, where he was killed on 30 October 1941.[4]

Hildegard worked as a machine knitter for the Jewish Council.[2] Albert also worked for the Council and therefore they had a Sperre. They were labeled 'exchange Jews' on the basis of the Alberheim Declaration, which stated that those involved were suitable for pioneer work in Palestine, and could emigrate there for a substantial payment.[8] On 15 December 1943, they were sent to Westerbork and from there they were transported on 11 January 1944 with 1.037 'exchange Jews' Bergen-Belsen on 11 January 1944.[4] They were among the 222 Jews who managed to get to Palestine by exchanging prisoners with the Germans on 10 July 1944.[9]

Source personal data.[2] Addresses: Biesboschstraat 15 III, Amsterdam (June ‘40); 11 III (Feb. ’41); Joubertstraat 21 (May ’43).[2]

 

Footnotes

  1. ^ Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 22 August 1942, in: The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.
  2. a, b, c, d Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart H. Bloch.
  3. ^ Alfred Jospe, "Lewkowitz, Albert" in: Neue Deutsche Biographie,p 14 (1985), p. 417-418 [Online-Version].
  4. a, b, c Werkdorp Wieringermeer: Karl Friedrich Lewkowitz; Spuren im Vest - Juden im Vest Recklinghausen: Lewkowitz Karl Friedrich.
  5. ^ Hans Georg Lehmann & Michael Hepp (Einl.), Die Ausbürgerung deutscher Staatsangehöriger 1933 – 45 nach den im Reichsanzeiger veröffentlichten Listen. Band 1. Listen in chronologischer Reihenfolge, München: Saur, 1985, p. 326.
  6. ^ SAA, Secretarie, Afdeling Algemene Zaken, toegang 5181, indicateur van aanvragen van verklaringen van Nederlanderschap en goed gedrag, volgnrs. 3447, 3448 en 3449.
  7. ^ NIOD Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Archief Joodsche Raad, toegang 182, inv. nr. 263, lijst van de op 11 Juni 1941 gearresteerde Joodsche mannen, p. 2.
  8. ^ Joods Monument: The Albersheim Declaration.
  9. ^ NOS 1944-1945 - Het Bevrijdingsjaar: Joodse gevangenen uitgewisseld met opgepakte nazi’s.