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Benjamin Holländer (1830)

Benjamin Holländer was Edith Frank-Holländer's grandfather.

Person

Fotograaf onbekend.
  • Carl Benjamin Holländer
  • Born on: Aug. 9, 1830
  • Born in: Niedermerz, Duitsland
  • Died on: Dec. 15, 1924
  • Died in: Aken, Duitsland

Benjamin Holländer, grootvader van Edith Holländer, in 1912.

Fotograaf onbekend.

Publiek domein

Benjamin, or Carl Benjamin Holländer[1] was a son Levy Holländer (*1799), merchant from Brachelen,[2] and Johanna Elkan (1805-1832).[3] The surname Holländer possibly implies that the family originated in the Nerterlands,[4] but it is more likely that Edith Holländer's forebears moved from Hessen to the west for economic reasons in the eighteenth century and settled in Elsoff, a community in the German town of Bad Berleburg in North Rhine-Westphalia. By the end of the eighteenth century Wolff (Wolf) Holländer was living there with his wife Hundchen Löwenthal. Levy, their eldest son, was married to Johanna Elkan. They are Edith Holländer's great-grandparents.[5]

Follwoing Johanna's death in January 1832, Levu married Kaedal Levy (* 1803) in July 1832. From that marriage, seven more children were borntogether, three half-brothers and four half-sisters to Benjamin: Moises (1832), Helena (1834), Henriette (1836), twin siblings Meyer (1838) and Bernardine (1838), Joseph (1840) and Caroline (1842). Kaendal Levi also had a son, Simon (1827), from her previous marriage.[6]

In 1858 Benjamin marries housemaid Sara Bertha Menken (1832-1930). They had nine childrenUit dit huwelijk werden negen kinderen geboren: Emanuel (1859), Abraham (1860) - Edith's father -, Johanna (1862), Rosa (1864), Henriette (1865), Caroline (1869), Eva (1871), Moses 'Max' (1874) and Karl (1875). In the exact smane year Benjamin got marries, he founded business enterprise B. Holländer, a company that traded in rags and scrap iron. Later, under the leadership of son Abraham, the company would grow into a wholesale business in steam boilers, all sorts of equipment and machinery up to complete factory installations, becoming one of the largest businesses in Aachen.[7]

Elderst son Emanuel (1859->1930) emigrated to the United States, married and Irish woman, and died childless in New York.[8]

Johanna Holländer (1862-1894) married butcher and cattle dealer Albert Hartog and had four children with him.[9] ot only was Albert Hartog Abraham's son-in-law, he was also his stepnephew. Gudula Mencken, second wife of Moses Hartog and Albert's stepmother, was a sister of Sara Mencken, Benjamins 'wife.[10] After Johanna's death in 1894 at the age of 31, her younger sister Eva (1871-1956) moved in with widower Albert to care for his four motherless. They married a year later and had seven more children.[11] The eleven Hartog children were first cousins ​​of Edith Holländer. The life stories of a number of them can be called extraordinary: they were active in the communist resistance against the Nazis and sometimes paid a high price for this.[12] Four out of six sisters emigrated to the Sovjet-Union, where they suffered from the arbitrariness of Stalin's regime of terror.[13] Two out of four sons perished in Auschwitz.[14] Eva Hartog-Holländer emigrated to the United States in January 1939 with the help of three of her children who were already living there, and moved in with her daughter Meta, an opera singer with the Metropolitan Opera in New York.[15] Her husband Albert had already died in January 1938. In 1949 Eva returned to Germany and settled in East Berlin, joining three of her daughers.

Rosa (1864-1939) married butcher Salomon (Sally) Randerath; both died before the outbreak of the Second World War, respectively 75-years and 72-years of age.[16]

Daughter Henriette (1865-1943) also married a butcher: Simon DeFries.[17] That marriage remained childless. After the death of her husband in January 1939, Henriette escaped to the Netherlands to escape persecution by the Nazis. The​re she found refuge in Deventer and moved in with Aron Mozes Zendijk (1875-1943) and his wife Tina (1887-1943) and their son Max (1920-1943).[18] This was a butcher's family, as was the related DeFries family. Simon DeFries, was a brother of Tina's mother, Sibilla DeFries, and Henriette therefor, was an aunt of Tina by marriage.[19] Henriette, together with the Zendijk couple, was arrested in early January 1943 during the last roundup of Jews in Deventer, and arrived in Westerbork on 15 January 1943; from there they were deported to Auschwitz on 29 January and were gassed upon arrival.[20]

Caroline (1896-1942) was married to her cousin Joseph (Josef) Holländer, a son of a half-brother of Abraham's father Benjamin.[21] Joseph Holländer also traded in scrap metal and old iron, as did his father Moises and brother Benjamin. After Joseph's death in 1935, the firm company was owned by to son Erich, who would set up his own company, NV IJzerwerk, in Heerlen in 1937. Widow Caroline was deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto in July 1942; from there she was sent to the Treblinka extermination camp two months later and was probably murdered immediately after arrival.[22]

Like his older brother Abraham and brother-in-law Joseph, Moses 'Max' owned a wholesale iron, steel and metals business. Max died at the age of 38 in 1913; his widow and four children all managed to escape persecution by the Nazis by leaving Germany in time.[23]

Karl Holländer was married to an Englishwoman and lived in England.[24] When World War I broke out, he was forced to return to Germany, where he was conscripted into the German army with the II. Landsturm-Infanterie-Batallon Trier. He died 18 December 1915, at the Reserve-Lazarett III Luisenhospital Aachen of an (unknown) illness. His widow later ran a wool store in Aachen.

Turned blind in his final years, Benjamin Holländer died in 1924, 94-years of age, followed by son Abraham four years later, die ‘maar’ 67 werd.

Bron persoonsgegevens.[3]

Footnotes

  1. ^ In sommige publicaties wordt hij Carl Benjamin Holländer genoemd. Zie: Carol Ann Lee, Anne Frank 1929-1945. Het leven van een jong meisje: de definitieve biografie, Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Balans, 2009, p. 53; Melissa Müller, Anne Frank: de biografie, 5e geh. herz. dr., Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2013, p. 64.
  2. ^ Hij wordt genoemd in het Adreßbuch der Kaufleute und Fabrikanten von ganz Deutschland, so wie der Haupt-, Handels- und Fabrikorte, 4e Ausg. 5. Teil, Nürnberg, 1833, p. 331.
  3. a, b Familienbuch Euregio: Benjamin Holländer.
  4. ^ Voor etymologie van de achternaam Holländer, zie: iGenea, Nachname Holländer - Bedeutung und Herkunft. Carol Ann Lee schrijft, zonder daar overigens bewijs voor te leveren: 'De naam Holländer (…) is een overblijfsel van het feit dat de familie haar wortels in Amsterdam vindt; eind achttiende eeuw, begin negentiende eeuw emigreerde de familie Holländer naar Duitsland'. Lee, Anne Frank 1929-1945, p. 53.
  5. ^ Voor de afstamming van de familie Holländer, zie Holger A. Dux, 'Zur Geschichte der Vorfahren der Anne Frank in Aachen', in: Winfried Casteel & Yvonne Hugot-Zgodda (Red.), Beiträge zur Geschichte des Nationalsozialismus in Aachen, Aachen: Volkshochschule Aachen, 2012; Arbeitskreis NS Gedenkstätten in NRW e.V.: Jüdisches Leben in Siegen: von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart.
  6. ^ Familienbuch Euregio: Levy Holländer.
  7. ^ Holger A. Dux, 'Zur Geschichte der Vorfahren der Anne Frank in Aachen', in: Winfried Casteel & Yvonne Hugot-Zgodda (Red.), Beiträge zur Geschichte des Nationalsozialismus in Aachen, Aachen: Volkshochschule Aachen, 2012.
  8. ^ Familienbuch Euregio: Manuel Holländer. Carol Ann Lee suggereert, op gezag van Otto Frank, dat Manuel een schuinsmarcheerder was, een drinkebroer en een gokker die zijn geld aan vrouwen verkwistte en daarom naar Amerika werd gestuurd – een soort verbanning in die tijd. Lee, Anne Frank 1929-1945, p. 53.
  9. ^ Familienbuch Euregio: Johanna Holländer.
  10. ^ Familienbuch Euregio: Moses Hartog.
  11. ^ Familienbuch Euregio: Eva Holländer.
  12. ^ Stefan Kahlen, Die spannende Genealogie der jüdischen Familie Hartog aus dem Rheinland – Kommunistischer Widerstand, Verwandtschaft zu Anne Frank und Shoaopfer, Website Hans-Dieter Arntz, 3 juni 2014.
  13. ^ Zie het portret van Golda Hartog door Curt H. Hartog op de website van het Gedenkbuchprojekt für die Opfer der Shoah aus Aachen e.V. 2002-2020. Zie ook: Kahlen, Die spannende Genealogie der jüdischen Familie Hartog aus dem Rheinland.
  14. ^ Zie de portretten van Emil Hartog en Gustav Hartog door Curt H. Hartog op de website van Gedenkbuchprojekt für die Opfer der Shoah aus Aachen e.V. 2002-2020. Zie ook: Kahlen, Die spannende Genealogie der jüdischen Familie Hartog aus dem Rheinland.
  15. ^ Meta (Metha) Hartog was een zangeres, maakte haar debuut in 1920 in het Aachener Stadttheater. Na 1927 werkte zij bij verschillende operahuizen, zoals het Landestheater Darmstadt, als solist of in het operakoor. Nadat de nazi’s aan de macht waren gekoen, waren Joodse kunstenaars niet langer welkom en werd Meta ontslagen. Ze keerde terug naar Aken en hielp haar moeder bij de zorg voor haar vader. In 1937 kon Meta Duitsland verlaten met de financiële steun van haar broer Bert. Met het passagiersschip de President Harding arriveerde Meta op 17 juli 1937 in de haven van New York. Curt, een andere broer, die evenals Bert al in de VS woonde, had voor haar ingestaan. Kort na haar aankomst in New York vond Meta een aanstelling bij de Metropolitan Opera, waar ze tot 1966 werkte. Familienbuch Euregio: Metha Hartog. Zie ook: Kahlen, Die spannende Genealogie der jüdischen Familie Hartog aus dem Rheinland.
  16. ^ Familienbuch Euregio: Rosa Holländer.
  17. ^ Familienbuch Euregio: Henriette Holländer,
  18. ^ Zie: Struikelstenen in Deventer: Familie Aron Mozes Zendijk
  19. ^ Zie Akevoth: Family page Abraham Defries. Op Joods Monument, Henriette DeFries-Holländer, en ook op de website van Struikelstenen in Deventer, Henriëtte Defries- Holländer, wordt gesteld dat de moeder van Tina een zus van Henriëtte was. Dat klopt niet.
  20. ^ Struikelstenen in Deventer, Henriëtte Defries- Holländer.
  21. ^ Familienbuch Euregio: Caroline Holländer.
  22. ^ Juden in Eschweiler, Aachen gedenkt Lina Holländer aus Eschweiler, 19 juni 2016.
  23. ^ Familienbuch Euregio: Moses Max Holländer.
  24. ^ Ook geschreven als Carl, zie: Familienbuch Euregio: Carl Holländer.

Digital files (1)

Overlijdensadvertentie van Benjamin Holländer in de Kölnische Zeitung, 17 juli 1924

Copyright: Publiek domein

Photographer: De collectie kan worden ingezet voor het publiek.