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{
"id": 2053,
"image": {
"id": 530,
"uuid": "fe156fa3-a229-49ca-a851-c76c826f70b5",
"name": "Metz 002.jpg",
"title": "Persoonlijkheden in het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, Th. M. Metz, 1938.",
"alt": "",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/Metz%20002.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "Afkomstig uit boek Persoonlijkheden in het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, 1938.",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek.",
"copyright": "Status onduidelijk"
},
"pictures": [],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/2cef6f9d-6c1a-4879-a71c-1de745d5eb52/",
"subjects": [],
"published": true,
"uuid": "2cef6f9d-6c1a-4879-a71c-1de745d5eb52",
"first_name": "Theodor Moritz",
"last_name": "Metz",
"infix": "",
"title": "Theodor (Maurits) Metz",
"title_nl": "Theodor Metz",
"title_en": "Theodor (Maurits) Metz",
"content": "<p>The economist Theodor Metz was an acquaintance of Otto Frank. In <strong>1922</strong> Metz married the artist Herta Baumgarten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t4pmj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> When Otto Frank died, Helga Baumgarten wrote a letter of condolences to Fritzi Frank. She herself was also a widow by this time.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cgvku\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Theodor Metz provided a reference during Otto Frank's application for naturalisation.<sup data-footnote-id=\"rn4go\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> He also played a role in restoring relations with 'the enemy'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"p8dzv\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> After the First World War, Metz was Secretary of the First Dutch Merchant's Guild, and from <strong>1926</strong> Secretary of the Dutch Chamber of Commerce for Germany.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t4pmj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> The Michael Frank Banking Business was a member of this chamber.<sup data-footnote-id=\"48kb3\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the early twenties he held consultation hours for Dutch businesses that were struggling to settle contracts in Germany.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0voe9\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> At that time, even though growing numbers of Dutch-German commercial contracts were drawn up in Dutch guilders due to the growing devaluation of German currency, the number of conflicts was increasing. These disputes were mainly settled by Metz himself. He often came to the Netherlands to speak with stakeholders.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4kzhc\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>5 May 1924</strong> Otto Frank, Hortense Frank-Schott, Leni Elias-Frank and Erich Elias were his guests in Frankfurt. Edith Frank was there on <strong>25 October 1930</strong>. Everyone signed the guest book. On <strong>13 December 1959 </strong>Otto Frank signed the same guest book again.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t7tlf\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Due to Otto's efforts, the Metz family took in two war orphans after 1945.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7d4ga\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Metz was involved in the Central Society for Trade and Industry when it was incorported in <strong>1923</strong> and later between <strong>1927-1933</strong>;<strong> </strong>Otto Frank followed him in <strong>December 1933</strong> as commissioner. In <strong>1923 </strong>Metz has business relationships with Von Saher and Paul Stanfield, among others.<sup data-footnote-id=\"z2c8d\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>April 1933,</strong> his family moved to The Hague from Frankfurt am Main.<sup data-footnote-id=\"bv2fu\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> In <strong>May 1939</strong> they were naturalised as Dutch citizens.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8wbez\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> From then on his name was Theodoor Maurits Metz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xcw1i\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Shortly after the German occupation of the Netherlands, the German authorities demanded that the Jewish employees of the Chamber be dismissed. Metz, wgo was Jewish, was therefore forced to 'voluntarily' resign, but subsequently started working as an 'advisor'. In reality, Metz continued to act as director. But this came to an end in <strong>1943</strong> when the Chamber of Commerce was closed by the Germans. That same year, Metz and his family were deported. During the last years of the war, the family was in various concentration camps, including Theresienstadt. The whole family survived.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xcw1i\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>After <strong>1945</strong> he was appointed as a senior official at the Ministery of Economic Affairs.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t4pmj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> He was chairman of the Liberal Jewish Congregation in The Hague.<sup data-footnote-id=\"roa24\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup> After the war, Metz co-wrote two publications about the German-Dutch Chamber of Commerce.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8m18a\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Metz was approached by the Anne Frank House for advice on economic and German matters and qualified for a seat on the Supervisory Board.<sup data-footnote-id=\"i3kfq\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xcw1i\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup> <em>Addresses</em>: Unter den Eichen 12 , Frankfurt am Main; Thomsonlaan 170, The Hague,<sup data-footnote-id=\"bv2fu\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Kwartellaan 18 (1946).<sup data-footnote-id=\"t4pmj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t4pmj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-4\">d</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, inv. nr. 292, N.V. Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij (Archief Opekta): Losse map belangrijke zaken Otto Frank).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cgvku\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_065: Herta Metz-Baumgarten aan Fritzi Frank, 24 augustus 1980.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rn4go\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief (NL-HaNA), Den Haag, Justitie / Verbaal en Kabinet, 2.09.22, inv.nr. 13402: Otto Frank aan Th. de Meester, 9 februari 1946.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"p8dzv\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NL-HaNA, Nederlands Beheersinstituut (NBI): Beheersdossiers, nummer toegang 2.09.16: Th. de Meester aan Nederlandsch Beheerinstituut, 7 januari 1946; NIOD, Archief 292, losse map belangrijke zaken Otto Frank.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"48kb3\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Institut für Stadtgeschichte (Frankfurt am Main), Industrie- und Handelskammer, inv. nr. 176: Ledenlijst Nederlandsche Kamer van Koophandel voor Zuid-Deutschland.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0voe9\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>"In Duitschland gesloten contracten", <em>Amersfoortsch Dagblad</em>, 16 december 1921.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4kzhc\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>"Nederlandsch-Duitsche Handelsgeschillen", <em>Amersfoortsch Dagblad</em>, 7 december 1922.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t7tlf\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gastenboek van het echtpaar Metz-Baumgarten, 1922-1964.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7d4ga\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Mededeling Daniël Metz (kleinzoon), april 2010.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"z2c8d\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Noord-Hollands Archief, Haarlem, Handelsregister Amsterdam, Kamer van Koophandel Amsterdam, inv. nr. 3154, dossier 19874.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bv2fu\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag (NL-HaNA), Ministerie van Justitie, Verbaalarchief, 1915-1955; Kabinetsarchief, 1915-1940, nummer toegang 2.09.22, inv. nr. 13402.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8wbez\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Verslag der Handelingen van de Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal</em>, 1938-1939, 678-679.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xcw1i\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Zie: 'Der erste Geschäftsführer - De eerste directeur: Theodoor Moritz Metz', in: <a href=\"https://www.dnhk.org/filehub/deliverFile/d0a1f0dc-f1ce-4917-84a0-ea3a11898d7c/736166/2015_Chronik_Kroniek_web.pdf\">Deutsch-Niederländische Handelskammer - Duits-Nederlandse Handelskamer: Chronik - Kroniek 1905-2015</a>, Den Haag: Duits-Nederlandse Handelskamer, 2015, p. 8-9.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"roa24\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_322: Otto Frank aan Henri van Praag, 3 januari 1960.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8m18a\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Unter der Lupe, Probleme des deutschen Wirtschaftslebens. In Auftrage der Deutsch-Niederländischen Handelskammer redigiert von K. Albrecht, Th. M. Metz und G. Steuer</em> (The Hague 1958); and <em>Fünfzig Jahre Niederländische Handelskammer für Deutschland, 1905-1955. Im Auftrag des Vorstandes der Kammer verfasst von Th. M. Metz </em>(The Hague 1955).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"i3kfq\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_322: H.Th. Bakker aan Otto Frank, 26 juli 1960.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n\r\n<p> </p>",
"content_nl": "<p>De econoom Theodor Metz was een kennis van Otto Frank. In <strong>1922</strong> trouwde Metz met de kunstenares Herta Baumgarten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t4pmj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Zij schreef bij het overlijden van Otto Frank - ze was inmiddels zelf weduwe - een condoleancebrief aan Fritzi Frank.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cgvku\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Ten tijde van Otto Franks naturalisatie was Metz referentie voor hem.<sup data-footnote-id=\"rn4go\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Ook bij de 'ontvijanding' speelde hij een rol.<sup data-footnote-id=\"p8dzv\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Metz was na de Eerste Wereldoorlog secretaris van het Eerste Nederlandse Koopmansgilde in Düsseldorf, daarna vanaf <strong>1926</strong> secretaris van de Nederlandsche Kamer van Koophandel voor Duitsland.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t4pmj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Het <em>Bankgeschäft Michael Frank</em> was lid van deze Kamer.<sup data-footnote-id=\"48kb3\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Begin jaren twintig</strong> hield hij spreekuren voor Nederlandse bedrijven die problemen ondervonden bij het afwikkelen van contracten in Duitsland.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0voe9\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Toen ondanks de groeiende devaluatie in Duitsland steeds meer Nederlands-Duitse handelscontracten op basis van de gulden werden afgesloten, nam het aantal conflicten toe. Deze werden vooral door Metz beslecht. Hij kwam veel naar Nederland om met belanghebbenden te spreken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4kzhc\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank, Hortense Frank-Schott, Leni Elias-Frank en Erich Elias waren op <strong>5 mei 1924</strong> in Frankfurt bij hem te gast. Edith Frank was er op <strong>25 oktober 1930</strong>. Zij tekenden allen het gastenboek. Op <strong>13 december 1959 </strong>tekende Otto Frank hetzelfde gastenboek nogmaals.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t7tlf\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Door Otto's bemoeienissen nam het gezin van Metz <strong>na 1945</strong> twee oorlogswezen op.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7d4ga\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Bij oprichting in <strong>1923</strong> en van <strong>’27-’33</strong> was Metz betrokken bij de Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie; Otto Frank volgde hem in <strong>december ’33</strong> op als commissaris. Metz stond in <strong>1923</strong> in relatie tot o.a. Von Saher en Paul Stanfield.<sup data-footnote-id=\"z2c8d\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>april 1933</strong> kwam het gezin van Frankfurt am Main naar Den Haag.<sup data-footnote-id=\"bv2fu\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> In <strong>mei 1939</strong> werden ze bij wet tot Nederlander genaturaliseerd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8wbez\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> Voortaan luidde zijn naam Theodoor Maurits Metz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"uitk2\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Kort na de Duitse bezetting van Nederland eisten de Duitse autoriteiten dat de Joodse medewerkers van de Kamer ontslagen zouden. De Joodse Metz zag zich daardoor gedwongen 'vrijwillig' ontslag te nemen, maar ging vervolgens als 'adviseur' aan de slag. In werkelijkheid bleef Metz als directeur optreden. Maar in <strong>1943</strong> kwam hieraan een einde toen de Handelskamer door de Duitsers werd gesloten. In datzelfde jaar werd Metz met zijn gezin gedeporteerd. Gedurende de laatste oorlogsjaren zat het gezin in verschillende concentratiekampen, waaronder Theresienstadt. Het hele gezin overleefde.<sup data-footnote-id=\"uitk2\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Na <strong>1945</strong> werd hij hoofdambtenaar op het Ministerie van Economische Zaken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t4pmj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Hij was voorzitter van de Liberaal Joodse Gemeente in Den Haag.<sup data-footnote-id=\"roa24\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup> Na de oorlog schreef Metz mee aan twee publicaties over de Duits-Nederlandse Handelskamer.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h6r1h\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Metz werd door Anne Frank Stichting benaderd voor advies in economische en Duitse aangelegenheden, en kwam eventueel in aanmerking voor een plaats in de Raad van Advies.<sup data-footnote-id=\"i3kfq\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Bron persoonsgegevens.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"uitk2\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup> <em>Adressen</em>: Unter den Eichen 12, Frankfurt am Main; Thomsonlaan 170, Den Haag,<sup data-footnote-id=\"bv2fu\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Kwartellaan 18 ('46).<sup data-footnote-id=\"t4pmj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t4pmj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-4\">d</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, inv. nr. 292, N.V. Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij (Archief Opekta): Losse map belangrijke zaken Otto Frank).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cgvku\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_065: Herta Metz-Baumgarten aan Fritzi Frank, 24 augustus 1980.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rn4go\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief (NL-HaNA, Den Haag, Justitie / Verbaal en Kabinet, 2.09.22, inv.nr. 13402: Otto Frank aan Th. de Meester, 9 februari 1946.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"p8dzv\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NL-HaNA, Nederlands Beheersinstituut (NBI): Beheersdossiers, nummer toegang 2.09.16: Th. de Meester aan Nederlandsch Beheerinstituut, 7 januari 1946; NIOD, Archief 292, losse map belangrijke zaken Otto Frank.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"48kb3\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Institut für Stadtgeschichte (Frankfurt am Main), Industrie- und Handelskammer, inv. nr. 176: Ledenlijst Nederlandsche Kamer van Koophandel voor Zuid-Deutschland.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0voe9\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>"In Duitschland gesloten contracten", <em>Amersfoortsch Dagblad</em>, 16 december 1921.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4kzhc\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>"Nederlandsch-Duitsche Handelsgeschillen", <em>Amersfoortsch Dagblad</em>, 7 december 1922.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t7tlf\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit: gastenboek van het echtpaar Metz-Baumgarten, 1922-1964.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7d4ga\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Mededeling Daniël Metz (kleinzoon), april 2010.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"z2c8d\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Noord-Hollands Archief, Haarlem, Handelsregister Amsterdam, Kamer van Koophandel Amsterdam, inv. nr. 3154, dossier 19874.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bv2fu\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag (NL-HaNA), Ministerie van Justitie, Verbaalarchief, 1915-1955; Kabinetsarchief, 1915-1940, nummer toegang 2.09.22, inv. nr. 13402.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8wbez\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Verslag der Handelingen van de Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal</em>, 1938-1939, 678-679.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"uitk2\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Zie: 'Der erste Geschäftsführer - De eerste directeur: Theodoor Moritz Metz', in: <a href=\"https://www.dnhk.org/filehub/deliverFile/d0a1f0dc-f1ce-4917-84a0-ea3a11898d7c/736166/2015_Chronik_Kroniek_web.pdf\">Deutsch-Niederländische Handelskammer - Duits-Nederlandse Handelskamer: Chronik - Kroniek 1905-2015</a>, Den Haag: Duits-Nederlandse Handelskamer, 2015, p. 8-9.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"roa24\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_322: Otto Frank aan Henri van Praag, 3 januari 1960.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h6r1h\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Unter der Lupe, Probleme des deutschen Wirtschaftslebens. In Auftrag der Deutsch-Niederländischen Handelskammer redigiert von K. Albrecht, Th. M. Metz und G. Steuer</em> (Den Haag 1958); en <em>Fünfzig Jahre Niederländische Handelskammer für Deutschland, 1905-1955. Im Auftrag des Vorstandes der Kammer verfasst von Th. M. Metz </em>(Den Haag 1955).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"i3kfq\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_322: H.Th. Bakker aan Otto Frank, 26 juli 1960.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>The economist Theodor Metz was an acquaintance of Otto Frank. In <strong>1922</strong> Metz married the artist Herta Baumgarten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t4pmj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> When Otto Frank died, Helga Baumgarten wrote a letter of condolences to Fritzi Frank. She herself was also a widow by this time.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cgvku\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Theodor Metz provided a reference during Otto Frank's application for naturalisation.<sup data-footnote-id=\"rn4go\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> He also played a role in restoring relations with 'the enemy'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"p8dzv\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> After the First World War, Metz was Secretary of the First Dutch Merchant's Guild, and from <strong>1926</strong> Secretary of the Dutch Chamber of Commerce for Germany.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t4pmj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> The Michael Frank Banking Business was a member of this chamber.<sup data-footnote-id=\"48kb3\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the early twenties he held consultation hours for Dutch businesses that were struggling to settle contracts in Germany.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0voe9\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> At that time, even though growing numbers of Dutch-German commercial contracts were drawn up in Dutch guilders due to the growing devaluation of German currency, the number of conflicts was increasing. These disputes were mainly settled by Metz himself. He often came to the Netherlands to speak with stakeholders.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4kzhc\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>5 May 1924</strong> Otto Frank, Hortense Frank-Schott, Leni Elias-Frank and Erich Elias were his guests in Frankfurt. Edith Frank was there on <strong>25 October 1930</strong>. Everyone signed the guest book. On <strong>13 December 1959 </strong>Otto Frank signed the same guest book again.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t7tlf\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Due to Otto's efforts, the Metz family took in two war orphans after 1945.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7d4ga\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Metz was involved in the Central Society for Trade and Industry when it was incorported in <strong>1923</strong> and later between <strong>1927-1933</strong>;<strong> </strong>Otto Frank followed him in <strong>December 1933</strong> as commissioner. In <strong>1923 </strong>Metz has business relationships with Von Saher and Paul Stanfield, among others.<sup data-footnote-id=\"z2c8d\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>April 1933,</strong> his family moved to The Hague from Frankfurt am Main.<sup data-footnote-id=\"bv2fu\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> In <strong>May 1939</strong> they were naturalised as Dutch citizens.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8wbez\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> From then on his name was Theodoor Maurits Metz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xcw1i\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Shortly after the German occupation of the Netherlands, the German authorities demanded that the Jewish employees of the Chamber be dismissed. Metz, wgo was Jewish, was therefore forced to 'voluntarily' resign, but subsequently started working as an 'advisor'. In reality, Metz continued to act as director. But this came to an end in <strong>1943</strong> when the Chamber of Commerce was closed by the Germans. That same year, Metz and his family were deported. During the last years of the war, the family was in various concentration camps, including Theresienstadt. The whole family survived.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xcw1i\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>After <strong>1945</strong> he was appointed as a senior official at the Ministery of Economic Affairs.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t4pmj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> He was chairman of the Liberal Jewish Congregation in The Hague.<sup data-footnote-id=\"roa24\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup> After the war, Metz co-wrote two publications about the German-Dutch Chamber of Commerce.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8m18a\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Metz was approached by the Anne Frank House for advice on economic and German matters and qualified for a seat on the Supervisory Board.<sup data-footnote-id=\"i3kfq\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xcw1i\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup> <em>Addresses</em>: Unter den Eichen 12 , Frankfurt am Main; Thomsonlaan 170, The Hague,<sup data-footnote-id=\"bv2fu\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Kwartellaan 18 (1946).<sup data-footnote-id=\"t4pmj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t4pmj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-4\">d</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, inv. nr. 292, N.V. Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij (Archief Opekta): Losse map belangrijke zaken Otto Frank).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cgvku\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_065: Herta Metz-Baumgarten aan Fritzi Frank, 24 augustus 1980.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rn4go\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief (NL-HaNA), Den Haag, Justitie / Verbaal en Kabinet, 2.09.22, inv.nr. 13402: Otto Frank aan Th. de Meester, 9 februari 1946.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"p8dzv\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NL-HaNA, Nederlands Beheersinstituut (NBI): Beheersdossiers, nummer toegang 2.09.16: Th. de Meester aan Nederlandsch Beheerinstituut, 7 januari 1946; NIOD, Archief 292, losse map belangrijke zaken Otto Frank.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"48kb3\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Institut für Stadtgeschichte (Frankfurt am Main), Industrie- und Handelskammer, inv. nr. 176: Ledenlijst Nederlandsche Kamer van Koophandel voor Zuid-Deutschland.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0voe9\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>"In Duitschland gesloten contracten", <em>Amersfoortsch Dagblad</em>, 16 december 1921.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4kzhc\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>"Nederlandsch-Duitsche Handelsgeschillen", <em>Amersfoortsch Dagblad</em>, 7 december 1922.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t7tlf\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gastenboek van het echtpaar Metz-Baumgarten, 1922-1964.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7d4ga\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Mededeling Daniël Metz (kleinzoon), april 2010.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"z2c8d\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Noord-Hollands Archief, Haarlem, Handelsregister Amsterdam, Kamer van Koophandel Amsterdam, inv. nr. 3154, dossier 19874.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bv2fu\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag (NL-HaNA), Ministerie van Justitie, Verbaalarchief, 1915-1955; Kabinetsarchief, 1915-1940, nummer toegang 2.09.22, inv. nr. 13402.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8wbez\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Verslag der Handelingen van de Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal</em>, 1938-1939, 678-679.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xcw1i\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Zie: 'Der erste Geschäftsführer - De eerste directeur: Theodoor Moritz Metz', in: <a href=\"https://www.dnhk.org/filehub/deliverFile/d0a1f0dc-f1ce-4917-84a0-ea3a11898d7c/736166/2015_Chronik_Kroniek_web.pdf\">Deutsch-Niederländische Handelskammer - Duits-Nederlandse Handelskamer: Chronik - Kroniek 1905-2015</a>, Den Haag: Duits-Nederlandse Handelskamer, 2015, p. 8-9.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"roa24\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_322: Otto Frank aan Henri van Praag, 3 januari 1960.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8m18a\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Unter der Lupe, Probleme des deutschen Wirtschaftslebens. In Auftrage der Deutsch-Niederländischen Handelskammer redigiert von K. Albrecht, Th. M. Metz und G. Steuer</em> (The Hague 1958); and <em>Fünfzig Jahre Niederländische Handelskammer für Deutschland, 1905-1955. Im Auftrag des Vorstandes der Kammer verfasst von Th. M. Metz </em>(The Hague 1955).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"i3kfq\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_322: H.Th. Bakker aan Otto Frank, 26 juli 1960.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n\r\n<p> </p>",
"birth_date": "1890-06-30",
"death_date": "1978-10-01",
"gender": "male",
"birth_place": "Düsseldorf",
"birth_country": "Duitsland",
"death_place": "Den Haag",
"death_country": "Nederland",
"summary": "The economist Theodor Metz was an acquaintance of Otto Frank.",
"summary_nl": "De econoom Theodor Metz was een kennis van Otto Frank.",
"summary_en": "The economist Theodor Metz was an acquaintance of Otto Frank.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
