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{
"id": 2485,
"image": null,
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/f3aa825e-fa88-4494-8d21-c1e0e6466b1b/",
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"uuid": "f3aa825e-fa88-4494-8d21-c1e0e6466b1b",
"first_name": "Vlieger uit Eindhoven",
"last_name": "",
"infix": "",
"title": "Vlieger uit Eindhoven",
"title_nl": "Vlieger uit Eindhoven",
"title_en": null,
"content": "<p>Entries in Anne's diary suggest that Nelly Voskuijl was friends with a crew member stationed at the German air base in Eindhoven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6rc59\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Nothing more is known about his name, rank or nationality.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6rc59\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne refers to him as: <em>airman from Eindhoven</em>. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 6 May 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Uit Annes dagboek valt op te maken dat Nelly Voskuijl bevriend was met een lid van de bezetting van de Duitse vliegbasis in Eindhoven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6rc59\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Over zijn naam, rang of nationaliteit is verder niets bekend.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6rc59\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Wordt door Anne aangeduid als: <em>Vlieger uit Eindhoven</em>. Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 6 mei 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Entries in Anne's diary suggest that Nelly Voskuijl was friends with a crew member stationed at the German air base in Eindhoven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6rc59\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Nothing more is known about his name, rank or nationality.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6rc59\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne refers to him as: <em>airman from Eindhoven</em>. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 6 May 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"birth_date": null,
"death_date": null,
"gender": "male",
"birth_place": "",
"birth_country": "",
"death_place": "",
"death_country": "",
"summary": "An unnamed crew member stationed at the German air base in Eindhoven",
"summary_nl": "",
"summary_en": "An unnamed crew member stationed at the German air base in Eindhoven",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
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{
"id": 2482,
"image": null,
"pictures": [],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/70a8dc52-076a-4fa0-842c-38947f3efcb7/",
"subjects": [],
"published": true,
"uuid": "70a8dc52-076a-4fa0-842c-38947f3efcb7",
"first_name": "Rin Tin Tin",
"last_name": "",
"infix": "",
"title": "Rin Tin Tin",
"title_nl": "Rin Tin Tin",
"title_en": null,
"content": "<p>In the <strong>twenties</strong> and <strong>early thirties</strong>, Rin Tin Tin was a male German Shepherd who became an international star in motion pictures. He died in <strong>1932</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"i4rp5\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On Anne' birthday, <em>De Vuurtorenwachter</em> was shown.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mgz5d\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> The original title was <em>The Lighthouse by the Sea</em>. The film was produced in <strong>1924</strong> and based on a script written by Darryl Zanuck.<sup data-footnote-id=\"arewr\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"i4rp5\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rin_Tin_Tin\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rin_Tin_Tin</a> (geraadpleegd 22 september 2011).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mgz5d\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 14 and 15 June 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"arewr\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://www.silentsaregolden.com/HAV%20Bulleid/LBTS.html\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.silentsaregolden.com/HAV%20Bulleid/LBTS.html</a> (geraadpleegd 22 september 2011).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Rin Tin Tin was in de <strong>jaren twintig</strong> en <strong>begin jaren dertig</strong> van de vorige eeuw een beroemde filmhond. Hij overleed in <strong>1932</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"i4rp5\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ter gelegenheid van Annes verjaardag werd <em>De Vuurtorenwachter</em> vertoond.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mgz5d\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> De oorspronkelijke titel was <em>The Lighthouse by the Sea</em>. De film dateert uit <strong>1924</strong> en is gemaakt naar een script van Darryl Zanuck.<sup data-footnote-id=\"arewr\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"i4rp5\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rin_Tin_Tin\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rin_Tin_Tin</a> (geraadpleegd 22 september 2011).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mgz5d\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 14 en 15 juni 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"arewr\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://www.silentsaregolden.com/HAV%20Bulleid/LBTS.html\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.silentsaregolden.com/HAV%20Bulleid/LBTS.html</a> (geraadpleegd 22 september 2011).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>In the <strong>twenties</strong> and <strong>early thirties</strong>, Rin Tin Tin was a male German Shepherd who became an international star in motion pictures. He died in <strong>1932</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"i4rp5\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On Anne' birthday, <em>De Vuurtorenwachter</em> was shown.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mgz5d\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> The original title was <em>The Lighthouse by the Sea</em>. The film was produced in <strong>1924</strong> and based on a script written by Darryl Zanuck.<sup data-footnote-id=\"arewr\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"i4rp5\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rin_Tin_Tin\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rin_Tin_Tin</a> (geraadpleegd 22 september 2011).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mgz5d\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 14 and 15 June 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"arewr\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://www.silentsaregolden.com/HAV%20Bulleid/LBTS.html\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.silentsaregolden.com/HAV%20Bulleid/LBTS.html</a> (geraadpleegd 22 september 2011).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"birth_date": null,
"death_date": null,
"gender": "male",
"birth_place": "",
"birth_country": "",
"death_place": "",
"death_country": "",
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{
"id": 2480,
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/49bcec36-ac87-4f81-8620-0af740eed665/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/f7a52f10-0b1d-40cf-9d2f-26bb239d8b2e?format=api",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/5348ff5b-9b30-463a-930c-cb10a5cad3f7?format=api"
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"published": true,
"uuid": "49bcec36-ac87-4f81-8620-0af740eed665",
"first_name": "Popeye",
"last_name": "",
"infix": "",
"title": "Popeye",
"title_nl": "Popeye",
"title_en": null,
"content": "<p><em>Popeye the Sailor Man</em> was created by Elzie C. Segar. <em>Popeye</em> appeared in the comic <em>Doe Mee </em>(read by Anne Frank)<em>. </em>In <strong>1942</strong> <em>Popeye</em> disappeared from the magazine owing to his American background and did not return until <strong>1946</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tno1c\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Starting in <strong>1933</strong>, Max and Dave Fleischer made a series of cartoons featuring <em>Popeye</em> for Paramount Pictures.<sup data-footnote-id=\"eixi7\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Anne wrote in her diary on <strong>8 May 1944</strong> that, given the fact that she was eating so much spinach, maybe she would end up '<em>as strong as Popeye’</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y0w8l\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tno1c\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://lambiek.net/aanvang/doemee.htm\" target=\"_blank\">http://lambiek.net/aanvang/doemee.htm</a> (geraadpleegd april 2012).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"eixi7\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popeye\" target=\"_blank\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popeye</a> (geraadpleegd april 2012).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y0w8l\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 8 May 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p><em>Popeye the Sailor Man</em> was een creatie van Elzie C. Segar. <em>Popeye</em> verscheen in het (door Anne Frank gelezen) stripblad <em>Doe Mee. </em>In <strong>1942</strong> verdween <em>Popeye</em> vanwege zijn Amerikaanse achtergrond uit het blad, om pas in <strong>1946</strong> terug te keren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tno1c\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Max en Dave Fleischer maakten sinds <strong>1933</strong> voor Paramount Pictures een reeks tekenfilms van <em>Popeye</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"eixi7\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Anne schrijft op <strong>8 mei 1944</strong> in haar dagboek, naar aanleiding van het feit dat ze steeds spinazie eten, dat ze misschien nog eens ‘<em>zo sterk als Popey’ </em>wordt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y0w8l\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tno1c\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://lambiek.net/aanvang/doemee.htm\" target=\"_blank\">http://lambiek.net/aanvang/doemee.htm</a> (geraadpleegd april 2012).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"eixi7\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popeye\" target=\"_blank\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popeye</a> (geraadpleegd april 2012).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y0w8l\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 8 mei 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p><em>Popeye the Sailor Man</em> was created by Elzie C. Segar. <em>Popeye</em> appeared in the comic <em>Doe Mee </em>(read by Anne Frank)<em>. </em>In <strong>1942</strong> <em>Popeye</em> disappeared from the magazine owing to his American background and did not return until <strong>1946</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tno1c\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Starting in <strong>1933</strong>, Max and Dave Fleischer made a series of cartoons featuring <em>Popeye</em> for Paramount Pictures.<sup data-footnote-id=\"eixi7\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Anne wrote in her diary on <strong>8 May 1944</strong> that, given the fact that she was eating so much spinach, maybe she would end up '<em>as strong as Popeye’</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y0w8l\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tno1c\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://lambiek.net/aanvang/doemee.htm\" target=\"_blank\">http://lambiek.net/aanvang/doemee.htm</a> (geraadpleegd april 2012).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"eixi7\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popeye\" target=\"_blank\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popeye</a> (geraadpleegd april 2012).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y0w8l\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 8 May 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"birth_date": null,
"death_date": null,
"gender": "male",
"birth_place": "",
"birth_country": "",
"death_place": "",
"death_country": "",
"summary": "Popeye was an American comic strip and cartoon character.",
"summary_nl": "Popeye was een Amerikaanse strip- en tekenfilmfiguur.",
"summary_en": "Popeye was an American comic strip and cartoon character.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 2185,
"image": null,
"pictures": [],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/7a5e114e-3a13-4fdf-9f3e-c210b6ca51ed/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/59d0af70-cfde-4254-aaa9-03dce11393e3?format=api"
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"published": true,
"uuid": "7a5e114e-3a13-4fdf-9f3e-c210b6ca51ed",
"first_name": "Anton Christiaan",
"last_name": "Ahlers",
"infix": "",
"title": "Tonny Ahlers",
"title_nl": "Tonny Ahlers",
"title_en": "Tonny Ahlers",
"content": "<p>As a youth, Anton Christiaan (Tonny) Ahlers went rather off the rails.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kuawd\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> In <strong>March 1938</strong>, because of 'a matter of love', he jumped into the river IJssel near Zutphen. He survived and the next day the Marechaussee took him to the Police Headquarters in Amsterdam. There his father picked him up.<sup data-footnote-id=\"zxs8i\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p>Later that year he came into contact with the National Socialist party of Ernst Herman van Rappard (1899-1953). As a result, he got in trouble with the police for an anti-Semitic riot in De Bijenkorf and for smashing a window of the Committee for Jewish Refugees. For the latter offence he and an accomplice received a six-month prison sentence.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cw9ia\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On<strong> 5 November 1940</strong>, political associates of Ahlers tried to extort money from the German-Jewish businessman H. Rothe.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4b4vm\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On or around <strong>18 April 1941</strong>, Ahlers appeared at Otto Frank's office. He showed a letter from Job Jansen to the SD, in which he mentioned negative statements by Otto about the chances of the German army in the war. Otto accepted the letter and gave Ahlers 10 guilders, without being asked. When, after the liberation, Otto heard that Ahlers was locked up in a prison in The Hague, he wrote to the Bureau of National Security. He believed that Ahlers' intervention had saved his life.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k0ena\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Only when he was shown evidence that Ahlers had betrayed many others did Otto change his mind.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ahlers carried on a variety of businesses under the name Petoma. The product range included the artificial sweetener 'Suikerzoet',<sup data-footnote-id=\"e6zkx\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> but also old wax figures, wood turning<sup data-footnote-id=\"r4wax\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> and '<em>all consumer products and consumables, for export'</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wk791\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> In the latter case, Ahlers explicitly advertised himself as an official Wehrmacht buyer.<br />\r\nIn <strong>November 1944</strong>, he offered manuals for 'Electric Light by own installation on roof', under the name 'Agentuur A.C. Ahlers'. Advertisement "Electric Light".<sup data-footnote-id=\"yt8w3\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>2002</strong>, in her biography of Otto Frank, Carol Ann Lee introduced Ahlers as the probable betrayer of the people in hiding in the Secret Annex.<sup data-footnote-id=\"du2yh\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> The implausibility of that theory was indicated in <strong>2003</strong> in a booklet by the NIOD, in which various theories were analysed.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dty41\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"1qngk\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> <em>Addresses: </em>Prinsengracht 253 huis, Amsterdam ('37-'38), Rozengracht 44boven ('38-'39), Leliegracht 34-II ('39), Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 144, Admiraal de Ruyterweg 95-I, Van der Hoochlaan 24, Amstelveen (April '44).<sup data-footnote-id=\"1qngk\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> Ahlers moved about fifteen times between <strong>1937 </strong>and <strong>1944</strong>. Therefore this overview is not complete</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kuawd\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>See: Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonny_Ahlers\" target=\"_blank\">Tonny Ahlers</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zxs8i\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, inv. nr. 3213: Meldingsrapport Centrale Recherche, 20 maart 1938, mut. 12.15 en 1,45 uur.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cw9ia\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gertjan Broek, <em><a href=\"http://hdl.handle.net/11245/1.431232\" target=\"_blank\">Weerkorpsen. Extreemrechtse strijdgroepen in Amsterdam, 1923-1942</a>.</em> Ph.D. thesis Universiteit van Amsterdam 2014, p. 239-255.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4b4vm\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam (toegang 5225), inv. nr. 6729: Rapporten bureau Singel, 5 november 1940, mut. 8.30 n.m.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k0ena\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Centraal Archief Bijzondere Rechtspleging, inv. nr. 107869: Otto Frank aan Bureau Nationale Veiligheid, 21 augustus 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e6zkx\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Nieuws van den Dag</em>,<em> </em>12 september 1942.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r4wax\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Nieuws van den Dag, </em>15 november 1943 en 31 maart 1944.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wk791\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Nieuws van den Dag</em>,<em> </em>17 mei 1943.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yt8w3\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>De Telegraaf, </em>11 november 1944.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"du2yh\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Carol Ann Lee, <em>Het verborgen leven van Otto Frank. De biografie</em>, Amsterdam: Balans, 2002.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dty41\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>David Barnouw en Gerrold van der Stroom, <a href=\"https://divtprfbgbt2m.cloudfront.net/2021-09/Who%20betrayed%20Anne%20Frank.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Who betrayed Anne Frank?</em></a>, Amsterdam: Boom, 2003.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1qngk\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Uittreksel Gemeentelijke Basisadministratie, Register Amsterdam, d.d. 6 september 2002.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Anton Christiaan (Tonny) Ahlers was op jonge leeftijd een wat ontspoord type.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pn328\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> In <strong>maart 1938</strong> sprong hij vanwege <em>"een liefdesgeschiedenis" </em>bij Zutphen in de IJssel. Hij overleefde en de Marechaussee bracht hem de volgende dag naar het Hoofdbureau van Politie in Amsterdam. Daar haalde zijn vader hem op.<sup data-footnote-id=\"zxs8i\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p>Later dat jaar kwam hij in het vaarwater van de nationaal-socialistische partij van Ernst Herman van Rappard (<strong>1899-1953</strong>) terecht. Hij kwam zo met de politie in aanraking vanwege een antisemitisch opstootje in de Bijenkorf en het ingooien van een ruit bij het Comité voor Joodsche Vluchtelingen. Voor dit laatste delict kreeg hij, evenals een medeplichtige, een gevangenisstraf van zes maanden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cw9ia\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Geestverwanten van Ahlers probeerden op<strong> 5 november 1940 </strong>de Duits-Joodse zakenman H. Rothe geld af te persen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4b4vm\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op of rond <strong>18 april 1941</strong> verscheen Ahlers bij Otto Frank op kantoor. Hij toonde een brief van Job Jansen aan de SD, waarin deze melding maakte van negatieve uitspraken van Otto over de krijgskansen van het Duitse leger. Otto nam de brief in ontvangst en gaf Ahlers ongevraagd tien gulden. Toen Otto na de bevrijding hoorde dat Ahlers in de Haagse strafgevangenis was opgesloten, schreef hij Bureau Nationale Veiligheid aan. Hij was van mening dat Ahlers hem door zijn interventie het leven had gered.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k0ena\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Pas toen hem bewijzen werden getoond dat Ahlers vele anderen had verraden, draaide Otto bij.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ahlers dreef allerlei handeltjes onder de naam Petoma. Tot het assortiment behoorden onder meer in de kunstmatige zoetstof "Suikerzoet",<sup data-footnote-id=\"e6zkx\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> maar ook oude wasfiguren, houtdraaiwerk<sup data-footnote-id=\"r4wax\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> en <em>alle gebruiks- en verbruiksartikelen, voor export</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wk791\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Adverterend in dit laatste geval afficheerde Ahlers zich expliciet als Officieel Wehrmacht-inkoper.<br />\r\nIn <strong>november 1944</strong> bood hij handleidingen aan voor "Electrisch Licht door eigen installatie o/h. dak", onder de naam "Agentuur A.C. Ahlers".Advertentie "Electrisch Licht".<sup data-footnote-id=\"yt8w3\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>2002 </strong>voerde Carol Ann Lee in haar biografie over Otto Frank Ahlers op als de waarschijnlijke verrader van de onderduikers in het Achterhuis.<sup data-footnote-id=\"du2yh\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> De onaannemelijkheid van die theorie werd in <strong>2003 </strong>aangegeven in een boekje van het NIOD, waarin verschillende theorieën werden geanalyseerd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dty41\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Bron persoonsgegevens.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"1qngk\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> <em>Adressen: </em>Prinsengracht 253 huis, Amsterdam ('37-'38), Rozengracht 44boven ('38-'39), Leliegracht 34-II ('39), Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 144, Admiraal de Ruyterweg 95-I, Van der Hoochlaan 24, Amstelveen (april '44).<sup data-footnote-id=\"1qngk\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> Ahlers verhuisde tussen <strong>1937 </strong>en <strong>1944</strong> ongeveer vijftien keer. Dit overzicht is dan ook niet volledig</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pn328\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie: Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonny_Ahlers\" target=\"_blank\">Tonny Ahlers</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zxs8i\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, inv. nr. 3213: Meldingsrapport Centrale Recherche, 20 maart 1938, mut. 12.15 en 1,45 uur.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cw9ia\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gertjan Broek, <em><a href=\"http://hdl.handle.net/11245/1.431232\" target=\"_blank\">Weerkorpsen. Extreemrechtse strijdgroepen in Amsterdam, 1923-1942</a>. </em>Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam 2014, p. 239-255.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4b4vm\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam (toegang 5225), inv. nr. 6729: Rapporten bureau Singel, 5 november 1940, mut. 8.30 n.m.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k0ena\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Centraal Archief Bijzondere Rechtspleging, inv. nr. 107869: Otto Frank aan Bureau Nationale Veiligheid, 21 augustus 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e6zkx\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Nieuws van den Dag</em>,<em> </em>12 september 1942.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r4wax\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Nieuws van den Dag, </em>15 november 1943 en 31 maart 1944.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wk791\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Nieuws van den Dag</em>,<em> </em>17 mei 1943.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yt8w3\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>De Telegraaf, </em>11 november 1944.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"du2yh\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Carol Ann Lee, <em>Het verborgen leven van Otto Frank. De biografie</em>, Amsterdam: Balans, 2002.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dty41\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>David Barnouw en Gerrold van der Stroom, <em>Wie verraadde Anne Frank?</em>, Amsterdam: Boom, 2003.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1qngk\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Uittreksel Gemeentelijke Basisadministratie, Register Amsterdam, d.d. 6 september 2002.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>As a youth, Anton Christiaan (Tonny) Ahlers went rather off the rails.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kuawd\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> In <strong>March 1938</strong>, because of 'a matter of love', he jumped into the river IJssel near Zutphen. He survived and the next day the Marechaussee took him to the Police Headquarters in Amsterdam. There his father picked him up.<sup data-footnote-id=\"zxs8i\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p>Later that year he came into contact with the National Socialist party of Ernst Herman van Rappard (1899-1953). As a result, he got in trouble with the police for an anti-Semitic riot in De Bijenkorf and for smashing a window of the Committee for Jewish Refugees. For the latter offence he and an accomplice received a six-month prison sentence.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cw9ia\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On<strong> 5 November 1940</strong>, political associates of Ahlers tried to extort money from the German-Jewish businessman H. Rothe.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4b4vm\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On or around <strong>18 April 1941</strong>, Ahlers appeared at Otto Frank's office. He showed a letter from Job Jansen to the SD, in which he mentioned negative statements by Otto about the chances of the German army in the war. Otto accepted the letter and gave Ahlers 10 guilders, without being asked. When, after the liberation, Otto heard that Ahlers was locked up in a prison in The Hague, he wrote to the Bureau of National Security. He believed that Ahlers' intervention had saved his life.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k0ena\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Only when he was shown evidence that Ahlers had betrayed many others did Otto change his mind.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ahlers carried on a variety of businesses under the name Petoma. The product range included the artificial sweetener 'Suikerzoet',<sup data-footnote-id=\"e6zkx\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> but also old wax figures, wood turning<sup data-footnote-id=\"r4wax\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> and '<em>all consumer products and consumables, for export'</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wk791\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> In the latter case, Ahlers explicitly advertised himself as an official Wehrmacht buyer.<br />\r\nIn <strong>November 1944</strong>, he offered manuals for 'Electric Light by own installation on roof', under the name 'Agentuur A.C. Ahlers'. Advertisement "Electric Light".<sup data-footnote-id=\"yt8w3\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>2002</strong>, in her biography of Otto Frank, Carol Ann Lee introduced Ahlers as the probable betrayer of the people in hiding in the Secret Annex.<sup data-footnote-id=\"du2yh\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> The implausibility of that theory was indicated in <strong>2003</strong> in a booklet by the NIOD, in which various theories were analysed.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dty41\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"1qngk\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> <em>Addresses: </em>Prinsengracht 253 huis, Amsterdam ('37-'38), Rozengracht 44boven ('38-'39), Leliegracht 34-II ('39), Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 144, Admiraal de Ruyterweg 95-I, Van der Hoochlaan 24, Amstelveen (April '44).<sup data-footnote-id=\"1qngk\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> Ahlers moved about fifteen times between <strong>1937 </strong>and <strong>1944</strong>. Therefore this overview is not complete</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kuawd\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>See: Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonny_Ahlers\" target=\"_blank\">Tonny Ahlers</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zxs8i\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, inv. nr. 3213: Meldingsrapport Centrale Recherche, 20 maart 1938, mut. 12.15 en 1,45 uur.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cw9ia\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gertjan Broek, <em><a href=\"http://hdl.handle.net/11245/1.431232\" target=\"_blank\">Weerkorpsen. Extreemrechtse strijdgroepen in Amsterdam, 1923-1942</a>.</em> Ph.D. thesis Universiteit van Amsterdam 2014, p. 239-255.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4b4vm\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam (toegang 5225), inv. nr. 6729: Rapporten bureau Singel, 5 november 1940, mut. 8.30 n.m.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k0ena\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Centraal Archief Bijzondere Rechtspleging, inv. nr. 107869: Otto Frank aan Bureau Nationale Veiligheid, 21 augustus 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e6zkx\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Nieuws van den Dag</em>,<em> </em>12 september 1942.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r4wax\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Nieuws van den Dag, </em>15 november 1943 en 31 maart 1944.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wk791\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Nieuws van den Dag</em>,<em> </em>17 mei 1943.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yt8w3\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>De Telegraaf, </em>11 november 1944.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"du2yh\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Carol Ann Lee, <em>Het verborgen leven van Otto Frank. De biografie</em>, Amsterdam: Balans, 2002.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dty41\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>David Barnouw en Gerrold van der Stroom, <a href=\"https://divtprfbgbt2m.cloudfront.net/2021-09/Who%20betrayed%20Anne%20Frank.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Who betrayed Anne Frank?</em></a>, Amsterdam: Boom, 2003.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1qngk\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Uittreksel Gemeentelijke Basisadministratie, Register Amsterdam, d.d. 6 september 2002.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"birth_date": "1917-12-29",
"death_date": "2000-08-04",
"gender": "male",
"birth_place": "Amsterdam",
"birth_country": "Nederland",
"death_place": "Amsterdam",
"death_country": "Nederland",
"summary": "Tonny Ahlers was a Dutch Nazi and bounty hunter in World War II.",
"summary_nl": "Tonny Ahlers was een Nederlandse nazi en premiejager in de Tweede Wereldoorlog.",
"summary_en": "Tonny Ahlers was a Dutch Nazi and bounty hunter in World War II.",
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"title": "Hendrik Amende, 27 januari 1935",
"alt": "Fotograaf onbekend. Fotocollectie Joke Nederpelt-Bunjes.",
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"description": "Hendrik Amende (uitsnede) tijdens zijn bruiloft met Gien Amende - Zaaiman, 27 januari 1935",
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"first_name": "Hendricus Johannes",
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"title": "Hendricus Johannes Amende",
"title_nl": "Hendricus Johannes Amende",
"title_en": "Hendricus Johannes Amende",
"content": "<p>The Frank family had placed a quantity of goods in storage with the Amende family.<sup data-footnote-id=\"g0yon\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Amende was a radio mechanic and doorman.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ain2i\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> He married Lammegien Zaaiman on <strong>28 July 1909</strong> in Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ain2i\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> His daughter Johanna Amende married Wim Bunjes in <strong>1937</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ain2i\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Otto Frank noted Amende's funeral in his diary.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o3w1o\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ain2i\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> <em>Addresses</em>: Amsteldijk 11 bovenhuis, Amsterdam; Rijnstraat 238 III (December ’38).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ain2i\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-5\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"g0yon\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 3 February 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ain2i\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-4\">d</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-5\">e</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238) : Archiefkaart H.J. Amende.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"o3w1o\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_005: Agenda Otto Frank, 6 maart 1948.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>De familie Frank had voor de onderduik een hoeveelheid goederen bij de familie Amende ondergebracht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"g0yon\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Amende was radiomonteur; portier.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ain2i\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Hij trouwde op <strong>28 juli 1909</strong> in Amsterdam met Lammegien Zaaiman.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ain2i\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Dochter Johanna Amende trouwde in <strong>1937 </strong>met Wim Bunjes.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ain2i\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Otto Frank noteerde de begrafenis van Amende in zijn agenda.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o3w1o\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Bron persoonsgegevens</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ain2i\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> <em>Adressen</em>: Amsteldijk 11 bovenhuis, Amsterdam; Rijnstraat 238 III (december ’38).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ain2i\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-5\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"g0yon\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 3 februari 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk,</em> Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ain2i\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-4\">d</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-5\">e</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238) : Archiefkaart H.J. Amende.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"o3w1o\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_005: Agenda Otto Frank, 6 maart 1948.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>The Frank family had placed a quantity of goods in storage with the Amende family.<sup data-footnote-id=\"g0yon\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Amende was a radio mechanic and doorman.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ain2i\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> He married Lammegien Zaaiman on <strong>28 July 1909</strong> in Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ain2i\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> His daughter Johanna Amende married Wim Bunjes in <strong>1937</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ain2i\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Otto Frank noted Amende's funeral in his diary.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o3w1o\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ain2i\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> <em>Addresses</em>: Amsteldijk 11 bovenhuis, Amsterdam; Rijnstraat 238 III (December ’38).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ain2i\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-5\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"g0yon\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 3 February 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ain2i\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-4\">d</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-5\">e</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238) : Archiefkaart H.J. Amende.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"o3w1o\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_005: Agenda Otto Frank, 6 maart 1948.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"birth_date": "1885-03-22",
"death_date": "1948-03-03",
"gender": "male",
"birth_place": "Amsterdam",
"birth_country": "Nederland",
"death_place": "Amsterdam",
"death_country": "Nederland",
"summary": "The Frank family had placed a quantity of goods in storage with the Amende family.",
"summary_nl": "De familie Frank had voor de onderduik een hoeveelheid goederen bij de familie Amende ondergebracht.",
"summary_en": "The Frank family had placed a quantity of goods in storage with the Amende family.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 2186,
"image": {
"id": 780,
"uuid": "6aed8ad8-dc0a-48db-8b43-e45a21971dc8",
"name": "Gien Amende - Zaaiman",
"title": "Gien Amende - Zaaiman, 27 januari 1935",
"alt": "Fotograaf onbekend. Fotocollectie Joke Nederpelt-Bunjes.",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/giene%20amende%20-%20zaaiman.PNG",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "Gien Amende - Zaaiman (uitsnede) tijdens haar bruiloft met Hendrik Amende, 27 januari 1935",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek.",
"copyright": "Publiek domein"
},
"pictures": [
{
"id": 349,
"uuid": "8f2cbec7-b67a-43be-b487-d127c69d6a66",
"name": "Thor de herdershond",
"title": "Thor, hond van de familie Bunjes - Amende.",
"alt": "Fotograaf Wim Bunjes. Fotocollectie Joke Nederpelt-Bunjes.",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/Thor%20de%20hond.JPG",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "Thor, hond van de familie Bunjes - Amende.",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek.",
"copyright": "Publiek domein"
},
{
"id": 536,
"uuid": "3a33f620-1570-4bed-b391-f096c14b2657",
"name": "Thor",
"title": "Thor aan de voeten van mevrouw Bunjes-Amende, geheel rechts Gien Amende-Zaaiman, omstreeks 1937-38.",
"alt": "Fotograaf Wim Bunjes. Fotocollectie Joke Nederpelt-Bunjes.",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/Voor%20Gertjan-1.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "Thor, hond van de familie Bunjes - Amende.",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek.",
"copyright": "Publiek domein"
}
],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/48d649a6-bdb7-4c50-86de-45c041d44d6e/",
"subjects": [],
"published": true,
"uuid": "48d649a6-bdb7-4c50-86de-45c041d44d6e",
"first_name": "Lammegien",
"last_name": "Amende - Zaaiman",
"infix": "",
"title": "Gien Amende - Zaaiman",
"title_nl": "Gien Amende - Zaaiman",
"title_en": "Gien Amende - Zaaiman",
"content": "<p>The Frank family placed a quantity of goods in storage with the Amende family during the period in hiding..<sup data-footnote-id=\"v7705\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Gien Zaaiman married H.J. Amende on 28 July 1909 in Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8guxr\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup>There is a photo of the kitchen of the guest house she ran at Amsteldijk 11. In the photo are Gien Amende, her daughter Jo Bunjes-Amende, an unknown woman and Thor, the sheepdog of the Amende family.<sup data-footnote-id=\"86s68\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Thor is the only animal named in the diary who appears in a photo.<sup data-footnote-id=\"byw4h\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> There is also a photo of Mr and Mrs Amende with their daughter and son-in-law.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8guxr\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> <em>Addresses: </em>Amsteldijk 11 bovenhuis, Amsterdam; Rijnstraat 238 III (December 1938).<sup data-footnote-id=\"8guxr\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"v7705\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 24 January 1944, 3 February 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8guxr\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart L. Zaaiman.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"86s68\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Foto's Getuigenarchief, Bunjes-Amende, Amsteldijk 11 voorkant.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"byw4h\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne refers to him as <em>Tor</em>. Anne Frank, Version A, 24 January 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>; [transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty; transl. from the German language by Kirsten Warner and transl. from the Dutch language by Nancy Forest-Flier]. London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>De familie Frank had voor de onderduik een hoeveelheid goederen bij de familie Amende ondergebracht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"v7705\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Gien Zaaiman trouwde op <strong>28 juli 1909</strong> in Amsterdam met H.J. Amende.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8guxr\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Er is een foto van de keuken van het door haar gedreven pension aan de Amsteldijk 11. Op de foto staan Gien Amende, haar dochter Jo Bunjes-Amende, een onbekende vrouw en Thor, de herdershond van de familie Amende.<sup data-footnote-id=\"86s68\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Thor is het enige in het dagboek genoemde dier waarvan een foto bekend is.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1zfxa\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Er is ook een foto van het echtpaar Amende met hun dochter en schoonzoon.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Bron persoonsgegevens</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8guxr\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> <em>Adressen: </em>Amsteldijk 11 bovenhuis, Amsterdam; Rijnstraat 238 III (december 1938).<sup data-footnote-id=\"8guxr\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"v7705\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 24 januari 1944, 3 februari 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8guxr\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart L. Zaaiman.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"86s68\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Fotos'Getuigenarchief, Bunjes-Amende, Amsteldijk 11 voorkant.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1zfxa\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Door Anne aangeduid als <em>Tor</em>. Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 24 januari 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>The Frank family placed a quantity of goods in storage with the Amende family during the period in hiding..<sup data-footnote-id=\"v7705\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Gien Zaaiman married H.J. Amende on 28 July 1909 in Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8guxr\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup>There is a photo of the kitchen of the guest house she ran at Amsteldijk 11. In the photo are Gien Amende, her daughter Jo Bunjes-Amende, an unknown woman and Thor, the sheepdog of the Amende family.<sup data-footnote-id=\"86s68\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Thor is the only animal named in the diary who appears in a photo.<sup data-footnote-id=\"byw4h\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> There is also a photo of Mr and Mrs Amende with their daughter and son-in-law.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8guxr\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> <em>Addresses: </em>Amsteldijk 11 bovenhuis, Amsterdam; Rijnstraat 238 III (December 1938).<sup data-footnote-id=\"8guxr\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"v7705\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 24 January 1944, 3 February 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8guxr\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart L. Zaaiman.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"86s68\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Foto's Getuigenarchief, Bunjes-Amende, Amsteldijk 11 voorkant.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"byw4h\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne refers to him as <em>Tor</em>. Anne Frank, Version A, 24 January 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>; [transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty; transl. from the German language by Kirsten Warner and transl. from the Dutch language by Nancy Forest-Flier]. London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"birth_date": "1887-09-28",
"death_date": "1978-12-20",
"gender": "female",
"birth_place": "Hoogezand",
"birth_country": "Nederland",
"death_place": "Amsterdam",
"death_country": "Nederland",
"summary": "The Frank family placed a quantity of goods in storage with the Amende family during the period in hiding.",
"summary_nl": "De familie Frank had voor de onderduik een hoeveelheid goederen bij de familie Amende ondergebracht.",
"summary_en": "The Frank family placed a quantity of goods in storage with the Amende family during the period in hiding.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 2493,
"image": {
"id": 1131,
"uuid": "5621f560-49eb-429a-81a3-a30af310e96e",
"name": "Rachel van Amerongen",
"title": "Rachel Frankfoorder, aan het begin van de oorlog",
"alt": "Fotograaf onbekend. Afkomstig uit privécollectie",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/Rachel_van_Amerongen002.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek",
"copyright": "Status onduidelijk"
},
"pictures": [],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/d00185dd-b5ac-47da-be2f-f00b624e33d9/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/3684c3f2-ba86-43cb-a9ed-73e6ec6c6189?format=api",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/c8d25c6e-d1f9-4415-b091-e45ab3f20672?format=api"
],
"published": true,
"uuid": "d00185dd-b5ac-47da-be2f-f00b624e33d9",
"first_name": "Rachel",
"last_name": "Amerongen - Frankfoorder",
"infix": "van",
"title": "Rachel van Amerongen - Frankfoorder",
"title_nl": "Rachel van Amerongen - Frankfoorder",
"title_en": "Rachel van Amerongen - Frankfoorder",
"content": "<p>In Westerbork, the eight people from the Secret Annex met a lot of people, some of whom they already knew. After the war, those still alive gave testimony of the meetings with Anne, Margot, Edith, Otto, Peter, Hermann, Auguste or Fritz. One of those people was thirty-year-old Rachel Frankfoorder (1914-2012).<sup data-footnote-id=\"9c6vl\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Rachel and her husband Charles Lu A Si (1911-1942) were quick to join the resistance after the outbreak of war. Her husband was arrested as a communist on 25 June 1941 and, after being sent to various concentration camps, died on 15 November 1942 in Auschwitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9saw8\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Rachel was arrested on a train in the summer of 1944 in possession of false papers and was sent to Westerbork.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sapzi\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> She remembered meeting the Frank family in the punishment barracks.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Westerbork</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Rachel Frankfoorder worked in Westerbork providing ‘support services’, which involved scrubbing, cleaning the toilets and, when a transport arrived, distributing clogs and overalls to newly arrived prisoners.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wa4bh\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> It was a coveted job, and she remembered that Otto Frank asked her to arrange a place for Anne with the cleaning team:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>"Otto Frank brought Anne to me and asked if I could help Anne. Anne was very nice and she also asked me if she could help. She said: ‘I can do anything, I'm very handy.’ She was most charming, a little older than in the photo we all know her from, cheerful and eager. Unfortunately, I had no say in the matter and sent her to the barrack's supervisor. It was the best that I could do."<sup data-footnote-id=\"v6fy6\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne eventually got work in the batteriies department.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wa4bh\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Bergen Belsen</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Like the Frank family, Rachel was transported to Auschwitz and from there was eventually selected, just like Anne, Margot and Auguste van Pels, for transport to Bergen-Belsen. Rachel Frankfoorder was given the number 7356 in Bergen-Belsen and ended up in the same barrack as Anne and Margot.<sup data-footnote-id=\"amrtb\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> She remembered the moment that she saw Anne and Margot again in Bergen-Belsen, this time without their father and mother:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>"Their parents weren't there. You don't ask, because you already know… given your own experience with parents, brothers, etc, yes, you make an assumption, that's all. The Frank girls were almost unrecognisable because their hair had been cut off, they were much balder than we were, I don't know why. And they were cold, like we all were. It was winter and you didn't have clothes. So all the factors for sickness were present. They were in a particularly bad state."<sup data-footnote-id=\"rok53\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>Rachel Frankfoorder remained in Bergen-Belsen, not far from Anne and Margot, and watched the sisters become sicker and sicker: ‘You could see they were both dying.’ She remembered how the two girls progressively showed the typical symptoms of typhus. They displayed ‘a sort of apathy, mixed with rallies, until they became so sick that there was no more hope’.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5i0zb\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Shortly after, she noticed that she no longer saw Anne and Margot, and she assumed that they had died.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dmtg8\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Raguhn</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>7 February 1945 </strong>Rachel Frankfoorder, just like Auguste van Pels, was transported to the Raguhn women's camp. The women there were forced to do hard labour. On <strong>9 April 1945,</strong> owing to the approaching American troops, the women in Raguhn were once again transported, this time to Theresienstadt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o5kun\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Rachel Frankfoorder told the Dutch Red Cross <strong>on 28 September 1945</strong>: <em>‘During the journey from Ranguhn to Theresienstadt, the Germans threw under the train and killed: Mrs Gusti van Pels-Roettgen, about 42 years old.’</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"xh80n\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup><em> </em>However, no other witnesses were found to corroborate Rachel Frankfoorder's version of events, and Annelore Daniel and Bertha Kaas-Hekster firmly deny that Auguste van Pels was thrown under a moving train by German soldiers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"lxw5f\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>16 April 1945 </strong>the survivors of the transport arrived in Theresienstadt. It was there that they were freed by the Soviet army on <strong>8 May 1945</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"lxw5f\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>After the liberation</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>After the war, Rachel Frankfoorder married Eddy van Amerongen (1912-1992) on <strong>5 September 1945</strong> and emigrated to Israel in <strong>1950</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9saw8\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9c6vl\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><a href=\"https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-familie-van-der-hoek/I131089.php\">https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-familie-van-der-hoek/I131089.php</a> geraadpleegd op 26 juli 2022.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9saw8\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Archiefkaart Rachel Frankfoorder, Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Archiefkaarten, Archiefnummer 30238 Gemeente Amsterdam, Inventarisnummer 247 Periode 1939-1960.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sapzi\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><a href=\"https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/rachel-frankfoorder/\">https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/rachel-frankfoorder/</a> geraadpleegd op 25 juli 2022.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wa4bh\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Bas von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen</em><em> </em>(Amsterdam 2020) 81.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"v6fy6\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Willy Lindwer, <em>De laatste zeven maanden. Vrouwen in het spoor van Anne Frank </em>(Hilversum 1988) 106-107.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"amrtb\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Arolsen Archives 5792, 1.1.3.1, volgnr. 315.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rok53\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Lindwer, <em>De laatste zeven maanden</em>, 117.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5i0zb\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Lindwer, <em>De laatste zeven maanden</em>, 118.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dmtg8\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis</em><em>,</em><em> </em>270.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"o5kun\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Verklaring Nederlands Rode Kruis (NRK), februari 1961, dossier nr. 103586, Auguste van Pels-Röttgen.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xh80n\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NRK 2050, inv.nr. 1237, verklaring Rachel van Amerongen-Frankfoorder.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lxw5f\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Von Benda Beckmann <em>Na het Achterhuis</em> 282-283.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>De acht onderduikers ontmoetten in Westerbork allerlei bekende en nieuwe mensen die na de oorlog getuigden over hun ontmoetingen met Anne, Margot, Edith, Otto, Peter, Hermann, Auguste of Fritz. Eén van hen was de destijds dertig jaar oude Rachel Frankfoorder (1914-2012).<sup data-footnote-id=\"9c6vl\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Rachel Frankfoorder werd op <strong>23 januari 1914</strong> geboren in het Nederlands-Israëlitisch Ziekenhuis aan de Nieuwe-Keizersgracht in Amsterdam. In haar jeugd woonde ze samen met haar ouders en twee broers in Amsterdam Noord op de Nachtegaalstraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"98yy2\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Van <strong>1928 tot 1941</strong> werkte ze in de Bijenkorf.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ydiwq\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>28 oktober 1936</strong> trouwde ze met Charles Désiré Lu-A-Si (1911-1942) waarmee ze op <strong>6 februari 1937</strong> een zoon kreeg genaamd Désiré Charles Lu-A-Si.<sup data-footnote-id=\"34t51\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Verzet</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Al snel na het uitbreken van de oorlog ging Rachel net als haar man in het verzet en bracht ze bonkaarten rond naar onderduikers. Haar man werd als communist in <strong>25 juni 1941</strong> opgepakt en kwam na verschillende concentratiekampen op <strong>15 november 1942</strong> om het leven in Auschwitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"zqbcu\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Rachel zelf werd in de <strong>zomer van 1944</strong> in de trein opgepakt met een vals persoonsbewijs en kwam in Westerbork terecht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sapzi\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Ze herinnerde zich dat ze in de strafbarak van het kamp ook de familie Frank ontmoette.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Westerbork</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In Westerbork werkte Rachel Frankfoorder bij de ‘binnendienst’ waarbij ze moest schrobben, de wc’s moest schoonmaken en wanneer er een transport aankwam deelde ze klompen en overalls uit aan nieuwaangekomen gevangenen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wa4bh\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Het was een gewild baantje en ze herinnerde zich dat Otto Frank haar vroeg om voor Anne een plekje bij de schoonmaak te regelen:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>'Otto Frank kwam met Anne naar mij toe en vroeg of Anne mij mocht helpen. Anne was heel aardig en vroeg mij ook of ze mocht helpen. Ze zei: ‘Ik kan van alles, ik ben toch zó handig.’ Ze was werkelijk allerliefst, een beetje ouder dan op de foto die wij van haar kennen, vrolijk en opgewekt. Ik had daar helaas geen zeggenschap in en stuurde haar naar de barakleiding. Meer aandacht kon ik daar natuurlijk niet aan besteden.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"v6fy6\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne bleef uiteindelijk in de batterijenafdeling werken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wa4bh\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Bergen Belsen</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Rachel ging net als de familie Frank op transport naar Auschwitz. Daar kreeg ze het nummer 88410.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mnvur\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> Uiteindelijk werd Rachel net als Anne, Margot en Auguste van Pels geselecteerd voor transport naar Bergen-Belsen. Rachel Frankfoorder kreeg in Bergen Belsen nummer 7356 en kwam in dezelfde barak als Anne en Margot terecht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"amrtb\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> Ze herinnerde zich het moment dat ze Anne en Margot in Bergen-Belsen weer terugzag, ditmaal zonder hun vader en moeder:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>'Hun ouders waren er niet. Daar vroeg je niet naar, omdat je eigenlijk wist… gezien je eigen ervaring met ouders, broers enzovoorts, ja, je hebt een vermoeden, meer niet. De meisjes Frank waren bijna onherkenbaar doordat hun haar was afgeknipt, ze waren veel kaler dan wij, hoe dat kan weet ik niet. En ze hadden het koud, net als wij allemaal. Het was winter en je had geen kleding. Dus alle factoren voor ziekte waren aanwezig. Zij speciaal waren er erg aan toe.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"rok53\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>Rachel Frankfoorder bleef in Bergen Belsen in de buurt van Anne en Margot en zag hoe de zusjes steeds zieker werden: ‘<em>Je zag ze werkelijk doodgaan, beiden</em>.’ Ze herinnerde zich hoe ze de typische verschijnselen van tyfus steeds duidelijker bij de twee meisjes zag vorderen. Zij vertoonden ‘<em>een soort apathie, gemengd met oplevingen, totdat ook zij zo ziek werden dat er geen hoop meer was</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"5i0zb\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> Korte tijd later merkte ze dat ze Anne en Margot niet meer zag en ze nam aan dat ze waren omgekomen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dmtg8\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Raguhn</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>7 februari 1945 </strong>werd Rachel Frankfoorder net als Auguste van Pels op transport gesteld naar vrouwenkamp Raguhn. Daar moesten de vrouwen dwangarbeid verrichten. Vanwege de naderende Amerikaanse troepen moesten de vrouwen uit Raguhn op <strong>9 april 1945</strong> opnieuw op transport, dit keer richting Theresienstadt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o5kun\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Rachel Frankfoorder verklaarde voor het Nederlandse Rode Kruis op<strong> 28 september 1945</strong>: <em>‘Tijdens de reis van Raguhn naar Theresienstadt is door de Duitsers onder de trein gegooid en daardoor gedood: Mevr. Gusti van Pels-Roettgen, circa 42 jaar oud.’</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"xh80n\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup><em> </em>Er zijn echter geen andere getuigen die de lezing van Rachel Frankfoorder bevestigen, en Annelore Daniel en Bertha Kaas-Hekster spreken expliciet tegen dat Auguste van Pels door Duitse soldaten onder een rijdende trein zou zijn gegooid.<sup data-footnote-id=\"lxw5f\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>16 april 1945 </strong>kwamen de overlevenden van het transport in Theresienstadt aan. Daar werden zij op <strong>8 mei 1945</strong> door het Sovjetleger bevrijd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"lxw5f\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Na de bevrijding</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Na de oorlog trouwde Rachel Frankfoorder op <strong>5 september 1945</strong> met Eddy van Amerongen (1912-1992), waarna ze in <strong>1948</strong> samen een dochter kregen.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Zowel haar ouders als haar broers en hun vrouwen waren omgekomen in de kampen. Haar zoon had de oorlog overleefd doordat hij zat ondergedoken bij een vrouw in Rotterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"vpwl5\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup> In <strong>1950 </strong>emigreerde het gezin naar Israël.<sup data-footnote-id=\"34t51\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9c6vl\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-familie-van-der-hoek/I131089.php\">https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-familie-van-der-hoek/I131089.php</a> (geraadpleegd 26 juli 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"98yy2\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Willy Lindwer, <em>De laatste zeven maanden. Vrouwen in het spoor van Anne Frank, </em>Hilversum: Gooi & Sticht, 1988, p. 103-104.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ydiwq\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Lindwer, <em>De laatste zeven maanden</em>, p. 111.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"34t51\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Rachel Frankfoorder.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zqbcu\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://werkgroepcaraibischeletteren.nl/charles-desire-lu-a-si-1911-1942-srananman-als-verzetsstrijder-en-medeorganisator-februaristaking-1941/\" target=\"_blank\">https://werkgroepcaraibischeletteren.nl/charles-desire-lu-a-si-1911-1942-srananman-als-verzetsstrijder-en-medeorganisator-februaristaking-1941/</a> (geraadpleegd 8 augustus 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sapzi\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/rachel-frankfoorder/\">https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/rachel-frankfoorder/</a> (geraadpleegd 25 juli 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wa4bh\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Bas von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen, </em>Amsterdam: Querido, 2020, p. 81.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"v6fy6\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Lindwer, <em>De laatste zeven maanden, </em>p. 106-107.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mnvur\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Lindwer, <em>De laatste zeven maanden</em>, p. 109.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"amrtb\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Arolsen Archives - International Center on Nazi Persecution, Bad Arolsen, 5792, 1.1.3.1, volgnr. 315.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rok53\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Lindwer, <em>De laatste zeven maanden</em>, p. 117.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5i0zb\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Lindwer, <em>De laatste zeven maanden</em>, p. 118.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dmtg8\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis</em><em>,</em><em> </em>p. 270.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"o5kun\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Nederlandse Rode Kruis (NRK), Den Haag, Dossier nr. 103586, Auguste van Pels Röttgen, Verklaring Rachel van Amerongen-Frankfoorder, februari 1961.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xh80n\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NRK 2050, inv.nr. 1237, Verklaring Rachel van Amerongen-Frankfoorder.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lxw5f\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis</em> p. 282-283.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vpwl5\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief, Interview Rachel van Amerongen-Frankfoorder, 12 oktober 2006.<strong> </strong></cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>In Westerbork, the eight people from the Secret Annex met a lot of people, some of whom they already knew. After the war, those still alive gave testimony of the meetings with Anne, Margot, Edith, Otto, Peter, Hermann, Auguste or Fritz. One of those people was thirty-year-old Rachel Frankfoorder (1914-2012).<sup data-footnote-id=\"9c6vl\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Rachel and her husband Charles Lu A Si (1911-1942) were quick to join the resistance after the outbreak of war. Her husband was arrested as a communist on 25 June 1941 and, after being sent to various concentration camps, died on 15 November 1942 in Auschwitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9saw8\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Rachel was arrested on a train in the summer of 1944 in possession of false papers and was sent to Westerbork.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sapzi\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> She remembered meeting the Frank family in the punishment barracks.</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Westerbork</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Rachel Frankfoorder worked in Westerbork providing ‘support services’, which involved scrubbing, cleaning the toilets and, when a transport arrived, distributing clogs and overalls to newly arrived prisoners.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wa4bh\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> It was a coveted job, and she remembered that Otto Frank asked her to arrange a place for Anne with the cleaning team:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>"Otto Frank brought Anne to me and asked if I could help Anne. Anne was very nice and she also asked me if she could help. She said: ‘I can do anything, I'm very handy.’ She was most charming, a little older than in the photo we all know her from, cheerful and eager. Unfortunately, I had no say in the matter and sent her to the barrack's supervisor. It was the best that I could do."<sup data-footnote-id=\"v6fy6\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne eventually got work in the batteriies department.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wa4bh\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Bergen Belsen</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Like the Frank family, Rachel was transported to Auschwitz and from there was eventually selected, just like Anne, Margot and Auguste van Pels, for transport to Bergen-Belsen. Rachel Frankfoorder was given the number 7356 in Bergen-Belsen and ended up in the same barrack as Anne and Margot.<sup data-footnote-id=\"amrtb\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> She remembered the moment that she saw Anne and Margot again in Bergen-Belsen, this time without their father and mother:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>"Their parents weren't there. You don't ask, because you already know… given your own experience with parents, brothers, etc, yes, you make an assumption, that's all. The Frank girls were almost unrecognisable because their hair had been cut off, they were much balder than we were, I don't know why. And they were cold, like we all were. It was winter and you didn't have clothes. So all the factors for sickness were present. They were in a particularly bad state."<sup data-footnote-id=\"rok53\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>Rachel Frankfoorder remained in Bergen-Belsen, not far from Anne and Margot, and watched the sisters become sicker and sicker: ‘You could see they were both dying.’ She remembered how the two girls progressively showed the typical symptoms of typhus. They displayed ‘a sort of apathy, mixed with rallies, until they became so sick that there was no more hope’.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5i0zb\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Shortly after, she noticed that she no longer saw Anne and Margot, and she assumed that they had died.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dmtg8\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Raguhn</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>7 February 1945 </strong>Rachel Frankfoorder, just like Auguste van Pels, was transported to the Raguhn women's camp. The women there were forced to do hard labour. On <strong>9 April 1945,</strong> owing to the approaching American troops, the women in Raguhn were once again transported, this time to Theresienstadt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o5kun\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Rachel Frankfoorder told the Dutch Red Cross <strong>on 28 September 1945</strong>: <em>‘During the journey from Ranguhn to Theresienstadt, the Germans threw under the train and killed: Mrs Gusti van Pels-Roettgen, about 42 years old.’</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"xh80n\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup><em> </em>However, no other witnesses were found to corroborate Rachel Frankfoorder's version of events, and Annelore Daniel and Bertha Kaas-Hekster firmly deny that Auguste van Pels was thrown under a moving train by German soldiers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"lxw5f\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>16 April 1945 </strong>the survivors of the transport arrived in Theresienstadt. It was there that they were freed by the Soviet army on <strong>8 May 1945</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"lxw5f\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>After the liberation</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>After the war, Rachel Frankfoorder married Eddy van Amerongen (1912-1992) on <strong>5 September 1945</strong> and emigrated to Israel in <strong>1950</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9saw8\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9c6vl\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><a href=\"https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-familie-van-der-hoek/I131089.php\">https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-familie-van-der-hoek/I131089.php</a> geraadpleegd op 26 juli 2022.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9saw8\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Archiefkaart Rachel Frankfoorder, Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Archiefkaarten, Archiefnummer 30238 Gemeente Amsterdam, Inventarisnummer 247 Periode 1939-1960.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sapzi\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><a href=\"https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/rachel-frankfoorder/\">https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/rachel-frankfoorder/</a> geraadpleegd op 25 juli 2022.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wa4bh\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Bas von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen</em><em> </em>(Amsterdam 2020) 81.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"v6fy6\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Willy Lindwer, <em>De laatste zeven maanden. Vrouwen in het spoor van Anne Frank </em>(Hilversum 1988) 106-107.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"amrtb\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Arolsen Archives 5792, 1.1.3.1, volgnr. 315.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rok53\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Lindwer, <em>De laatste zeven maanden</em>, 117.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5i0zb\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Lindwer, <em>De laatste zeven maanden</em>, 118.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dmtg8\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis</em><em>,</em><em> </em>270.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"o5kun\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Verklaring Nederlands Rode Kruis (NRK), februari 1961, dossier nr. 103586, Auguste van Pels-Röttgen.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xh80n\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NRK 2050, inv.nr. 1237, verklaring Rachel van Amerongen-Frankfoorder.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lxw5f\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Von Benda Beckmann <em>Na het Achterhuis</em> 282-283.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"birth_date": "1914-01-23",
"death_date": "2012-04-20",
"gender": "female",
"birth_place": "Amsterdam",
"birth_country": "Nederland",
"death_place": "",
"death_country": "Israël",
"summary": "Rachel Frankfoorder met the eight people from the Secret Annex in Camp Westerbork. For months, Frankfoorder stayed not far from Anne and Margot Frank and Auguste van Pels in the various concentration camps. After the war she recounted her meetings with them.",
"summary_nl": "In kamp Westerbork ontmoetten de onderduikers Rachel Frankfoorder. Zij verbleef in de verschillende concentratiekampen maanden lang in de buurt van Anne en Margot Frank en Auguste van Pels. Na de oorlog vertelde ze over haar ontmoetingen met hen.",
"summary_en": "Rachel Frankfoorder met the eight people from the Secret Annex in Camp Westerbork. For months, Frankfoorder stayed not far from Anne and Margot Frank and Auguste van Pels in the various concentration camps. After the war she recounted her meetings with them.",
"same_as": [
"https://data.niod.nl/WO2_biografieen/Rachel-van-Amerongen-Frankfoorder"
],
"files": []
},
{
"id": 2191,
"image": {
"id": 979,
"uuid": "2d3675db-f452-4ff3-a89f-d924d8673974",
"name": "Jo van Ammers - Küller",
"title": "Jo van Ammers - Küller",
"alt": "Atelier J. Merkelbach, Collectie J. Merkelbach. Stadsarchief, Amsterdam.",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/Jo_van_Ammers_-_K%C3%BCller.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "https://archief.amsterdam/beeldbank/detail/e3c2044c-a351-3535-d981-690123a12500",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek",
"copyright": "Publiek domein"
},
"pictures": [],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/e5ba66d3-012c-414f-ae54-ae10642d70c7/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/5348ff5b-9b30-463a-930c-cb10a5cad3f7?format=api"
],
"published": true,
"uuid": "e5ba66d3-012c-414f-ae54-ae10642d70c7",
"first_name": "Johanna",
"last_name": "Ammers - Küller",
"infix": "van",
"title": "Jo van Ammers - Küller",
"title_nl": "Jo van Ammers - Küller",
"title_en": "Jo van Ammers - Küller",
"content": "<p>Jo van Ammers-Küller (1884-1966) was a Dutch writer.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0qtec\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Her best-known titles are <em>De Opstandigen</em> (The Rebel Generation, 1925) and <em>Heeren, Knechten en vrouwen</em> (The House of Tavelinck, published in three volumes from 1934), a family novel from the French period.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4re4n\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> This work was republished in <strong>1941</strong> as <em>De Tavelincks</em> (The Tavelincks). She also wrote the biography <em>Twintig interessante Vrouwen</em> (Twenty Interesting Women, 1933). In 1940, she gave a series of lectures on the work of German People's Development and was thanked by the Nationalsozialistische Partei-Korrespondenz for her loyalty to Germany. Several of her works were translated into German. After the war, there was a ban on publication of her work that stayed in place until <strong>1 June 1951</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"06a2z\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0qtec\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo_van_Ammers-K%C3%BCller\" target=\"_blank\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo_van_Ammers-Küller</a> (geraadpleegd 22 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4re4n\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Books read by Anne Frank. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 18 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"06a2z\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>K. ter Laan, <em>Letterkundig woordenboek voor Noord en Zuid</em>, Den Haag: Van Goor, 1952.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Jo van Ammers-Küller (1884-1966) was een Nederlands schrijfster.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l5o0r\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Bekende titels van haar zijn <em>De Opstandigen</em> (1925) en <em>Heeren, Knechten en vrouwen</em> (in 3 delen verschenen sedert 1934), familie-roman uit de Franse Tijd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4re4n\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Dit werk werd in <strong>1941</strong> opnieuw uitgegeven als <em>De Tavelincks</em>. Verder schreef zij de biografie van <em>Twintig interessante Vrouwen</em> (1933). In <strong>1940</strong> trad zij met een reeks voordrachten op voor het werk van de Duitse Volksontwikkeling en werd haar door de <em>Nationalsozialistische Partei-Korrespondenz</em> dank gebracht voor haar trouw aan Duitsland. Verschillende van haar werken werden in het Duits vertaald. Na de oorlog kreeg zijn een publicatieverbod tot <strong>1 juni 1951</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"06a2z\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l5o0r\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo_van_Ammers-Küller\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo_van_Ammers-Küller</a> (geraadpleegd 22 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4re4n\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Boeken die werden gelezen door Anne Frank. Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 18 oktober 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"06a2z\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>K. ter Laan, <em>Letterkundig woordenboek voor Noord en Zuid</em>, Den Haag: Van Goor, 1952.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Jo van Ammers-Küller (1884-1966) was a Dutch writer.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0qtec\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Her best-known titles are <em>De Opstandigen</em> (The Rebel Generation, 1925) and <em>Heeren, Knechten en vrouwen</em> (The House of Tavelinck, published in three volumes from 1934), a family novel from the French period.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4re4n\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> This work was republished in <strong>1941</strong> as <em>De Tavelincks</em> (The Tavelincks). She also wrote the biography <em>Twintig interessante Vrouwen</em> (Twenty Interesting Women, 1933). In 1940, she gave a series of lectures on the work of German People's Development and was thanked by the Nationalsozialistische Partei-Korrespondenz for her loyalty to Germany. Several of her works were translated into German. After the war, there was a ban on publication of her work that stayed in place until <strong>1 June 1951</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"06a2z\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0qtec\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo_van_Ammers-K%C3%BCller\" target=\"_blank\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo_van_Ammers-Küller</a> (geraadpleegd 22 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4re4n\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Books read by Anne Frank. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 18 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"06a2z\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>K. ter Laan, <em>Letterkundig woordenboek voor Noord en Zuid</em>, Den Haag: Van Goor, 1952.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"birth_date": "1884-08-13",
"death_date": "1966-01-23",
"gender": "female",
"birth_place": "Noordeloos",
"birth_country": "Nederland",
"death_place": "Bakel",
"death_country": "Nederland",
"summary": "Jo van Ammers-Küller was a Dutch writer whose books were read by Anne Frank.",
"summary_nl": "Jo van Ammers-Küller was een Nederlandse schrijfster, van wie Anne Frank boeken las.",
"summary_en": "Jo van Ammers-Küller was a Dutch writer whose books were read by Anne Frank.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 2194,
"image": {
"id": 987,
"uuid": "0120cf3b-3bd8-4528-a725-51909824940d",
"name": "Johannes van Angeren",
"title": "Johannes van Angeren",
"alt": "Vervaardiger onbekend. Collectie Anefo, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag.",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/Johannes_Regnerus.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "http://hdl.handle.net/10648/ad877ef8-d0b4-102d-bcf8-003048976d84",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek",
"copyright": "Publiek domein"
},
"pictures": [],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/fa8ba82f-a302-4a36-a797-a4c056a41ebb/",
"subjects": [],
"published": true,
"uuid": "fa8ba82f-a302-4a36-a797-a4c056a41ebb",
"first_name": "Johannes Regnerus Maria",
"last_name": "Angeren",
"infix": "van",
"title": "Johannes van Angeren",
"title_nl": "Johannes van Angeren",
"title_en": "Johannes van Angeren",
"content": "<p>Johannes van Angeren was Secretary-General of the Ministry of Justice at the end of the <strong>1930s</strong>. In this office, he made things very difficult for the National Socialists in the Netherlands, and moreover, under his leadership, many cases of espionage were dealt with harshly. Therefore, in <strong>May 1940</strong>, he was one of the few top civil servants who fled with the cabinet to London. There he was Minister of Justice from <strong>February 1942</strong> until <strong>July 1944</strong>. Back in the Netherlands, he became Secretary-General again.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dicot\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>6 February 1948</strong> Otto Frank sent him a copy of The Secret Annex, partly because Van Angeren knew Kugler, who had been working for his brother for ten years, personally.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6icin\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Two days later, Van Angeren wrote a letter of thanks, saying: "From barbarism to civilisation, therefore, a path of centuries has been travelled, from civilisation back to barbarism <em>ce n'est qu'un pas</em>"<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"bmtjc\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dicot\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> <em>Addresses</em>: Van Imhoffstraat 35, Den Haag (1923).<sup data-footnote-id=\"dicot\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dicot\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llircfwd/j_r_m_jan_van_angeren\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llircfwd/j_r_m_jan_van_angeren</a> (geraadpleegd juni 2014).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6icin\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_100: Otto Frank aan J.R.M. van Angeren, 6 februari 1948.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bmtjc\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA OFA_100: J.R.M. van Angeren aan Otto Frank, 8 februari 1948.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Johannes van Angeren was<strong> eind jaren dertig</strong> secretaris-generaal van het ministerie van Justitie. In die functie heeft hij het de nationaal-socialisten in Nederland zeer moeilijk gemaakt, en bovendien werden onder zijn leiding veel gevallen van spionage hard aangepakt. Daarom was hij in de <strong>meidagen van 1940</strong> een van de weinige topambtenaren die met het kabinet naar Londen uitweken. Daar was hij van <strong>februari '42 </strong>tot<strong> juli '44</strong> minister van justitie. Terug in Nederland is hij opnieuw secretaris-generaal.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dicot\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>6 februari 1948 </strong>stuurde Otto Frank hem een exemplaar van <em>Het Achterhuis</em>, onder meer omdat Van Angeren Kugler, die tien jaar bij <a href=\"/node/1639\">zijn broer</a> werkt, persoonlijk kende.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6icin\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Twee dagen later schreef Van Angeren een bedankbrief, waarin hij zei: <em>Van barbaarsheid naar beschaving, daarom is een weg van eeuwen afgelegd, van beschaving terug naar barbaarsheid ce n'est qu'un pas.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"bmtjc\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Bron persoonsgegevens</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dicot\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> <em>Adressen</em>: Van Imhoffstraat 35, Den Haag (1923).<sup data-footnote-id=\"dicot\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dicot\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llircfwd/j_r_m_jan_van_angeren\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llircfwd/j_r_m_jan_van_angeren</a> (geraadpleegd juni 2014).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6icin\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_100: Otto Frank aan J.R.M. van Angeren, 6 februari 1948.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bmtjc\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA OFA_100: J.R.M. van Angeren aan Otto Frank, 8 februari 1948.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Johannes van Angeren was Secretary-General of the Ministry of Justice at the end of the <strong>1930s</strong>. In this office, he made things very difficult for the National Socialists in the Netherlands, and moreover, under his leadership, many cases of espionage were dealt with harshly. Therefore, in <strong>May 1940</strong>, he was one of the few top civil servants who fled with the cabinet to London. There he was Minister of Justice from <strong>February 1942</strong> until <strong>July 1944</strong>. Back in the Netherlands, he became Secretary-General again.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dicot\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>6 February 1948</strong> Otto Frank sent him a copy of The Secret Annex, partly because Van Angeren knew Kugler, who had been working for his brother for ten years, personally.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6icin\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Two days later, Van Angeren wrote a letter of thanks, saying: "From barbarism to civilisation, therefore, a path of centuries has been travelled, from civilisation back to barbarism <em>ce n'est qu'un pas</em>"<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"bmtjc\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dicot\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> <em>Addresses</em>: Van Imhoffstraat 35, Den Haag (1923).<sup data-footnote-id=\"dicot\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dicot\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llircfwd/j_r_m_jan_van_angeren\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llircfwd/j_r_m_jan_van_angeren</a> (geraadpleegd juni 2014).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6icin\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_100: Otto Frank aan J.R.M. van Angeren, 6 februari 1948.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bmtjc\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA OFA_100: J.R.M. van Angeren aan Otto Frank, 8 februari 1948.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"birth_date": "1894-05-09",
"death_date": "1959-03-19",
"gender": "male",
"birth_place": "Utrecht",
"birth_country": "Nederland",
"death_place": "Den Haag",
"death_country": "Nederland",
"summary": "Johannes van Angeren was a top justice official in the late 1930s and a minister for more than two years during the war.",
"summary_nl": "Johannes van Angeren was eind jaren dertig topambtenaar van justitie en tijdens de oorlog ruim twee jaar minister.",
"summary_en": "Johannes van Angeren was a top justice official in the late 1930s and a minister for more than two years during the war.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/60b68202-dead-48f5-902a-3b2cbc435a42/",
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"uuid": "60b68202-dead-48f5-902a-3b2cbc435a42",
"first_name": "Franciscus Johannes Maria",
"last_name": "Angeren",
"infix": "van",
"title": "Frans van Angeren",
"title_nl": "Frans van Angeren",
"title_en": "Frans van Angeren",
"content": "<p>Frans van Angeren was a confectioner, tea room owner and business partner of Otto Frank. He represented Pomosin Werke in Utrecht, and employed Victor Kugler there for 10 years.<sup data-footnote-id=\"lgetg\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p>At the time of Otto Frank's naturalisation procedure, Van Angeren declared himself willing to act as a reference for him.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6gtwk\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> In the <strong>1950s</strong>, he shut down his business due to a heart condition and high blood pressure.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l4a4a\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> In early <strong>1959</strong>, however, he called Opekta, apparently about the takeover: he was afraid that everything would fall into Pomosin's hands.<sup data-footnote-id=\"b54i9\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Following his death, the Utrechtsch Nieuwsblad published an article about him on<strong> 23 July 1960</strong>. When Kugler wrote to Otto Frank on <strong>6 April 1973 </strong>that he had received the Yad Vashem medal on <strong>4 April</strong>, he added: “Herrn van Anger’n Geburtstag”.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xcfgd\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Van Angeren was married to W.J.A. Hofhuis (1893-1986), a sister of Joop. He was the godfather of Joop's son Frans (’35).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ilpkg\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> He was also a brother of the General Secretary and later Minister of Justice J.R.M. van Angeren.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"pul6s\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> <em>Addresses: </em>Lange Viestraat 14, Utrecht; Biltovenseweg 4, De Bilt (May ’35); Karel Doormanlaan 7, flat 1, 4 hoog (May ’58).<sup data-footnote-id=\"pul6s\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lgetg\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_100: Otto Frank aan J.R.M. van Angeren, 6 februari 1948.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6gtwk\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Ministerie van Justitie, Verbaalarchief, 1915-1955; Kabinetsarchief, 1915-1940, nummer toegang 2.09.22, inv. nr. 13402: Otto Frank aan Th. de Meester, 9 februari 1946.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l4a4a\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_085: Joop Hofhuis aan Otto Frank, 15 oktober 1959.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b54i9\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_085: Jeanne Kwakernaak aan Otto Frank, 12 februari 1959.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xcfgd\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_080: Victor Kugler aan Otto Frank, 6 april 1973.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ilpkg\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Mededeling van Frans Hofhuis, 12 juli 2011.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pul6s\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Het Utrechts Archief, Utrecht, Handelsregister Utrecht, Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken Utrecht, dossier 2470.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Frans van Angeren was banketbakker, lunchroomhouder en zakenpartner van Otto Frank. Hij vertegenwoordigde Pomosin Werke in Utrecht, en had daar tien jaar lang Victor Kugler in dienst.<sup data-footnote-id=\"lgetg\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p>Van Angeren verklaarde zich ten tijde van Otto Franks naturalisatieprocedure bereid als referentie voor hem op te treden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6gtwk\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> In de jaren vijftig stopte hij met zijn bedrijf wegens een hartkwaal en hoge bloeddruk.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l4a4a\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Begin <strong>1959 </strong>belde hij echter nog met Opekta, kennelijk inzake de overname: hij was bang dat alles in handen van Pomosin zou komen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"b54i9\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Naar aanleiding van zijn overlijden plaatste het <em>Utrechtsch Nieuwsblad </em>op <strong>23 juli 1960</strong> een artikel over hem. Toen Kugler op <strong>6 april 1973</strong> aan Otto Frank schreef dat hij op <strong>4 april </strong>de Yad Vashem-medaille kreeg, voegde hij daar aan toe: “Herrn van Anger’n Geburtstag”.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xcfgd\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Van Angeren was getrouwd met W.J.A. Hofhuis (1893-1986), een zuster van Joop. Hij was de peetoom van Joops zoon Frans (’35).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ilpkg\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Hij was ook een broer van de secretaris-generaal en latere minister van justitie J.R.M. van Angeren.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Bron persoonsgegevens.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"pul6s\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> <em>Adressen: </em>Lange Viestraat 14, Utrecht; Biltovenseweg 4, De Bilt (mei ’35); Karel Doormanlaan 7, flat 1, 4 hoog (mei ’58).<sup data-footnote-id=\"pul6s\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lgetg\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_100: Otto Frank aan J.R.M. van Angeren, 6 februari 1948.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6gtwk\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Ministerie van Justitie, Verbaalarchief, 1915-1955; Kabinetsarchief, 1915-1940, nummer toegang 2.09.22, inv. nr. 13402: Otto Frank aan Th. de Meester, 9 februari 1946.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l4a4a\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_085: Joop Hofhuis aan Otto Frank, 15 oktober 1959.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b54i9\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_085: Jeanne Kwakernaak aan Otto Frank, 12 februari 1959.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xcfgd\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_080: Victor Kugler aan Otto Frank, 6 april 1973.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ilpkg\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Mededeling van Frans Hofhuis, 12 juli 2011.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pul6s\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Het Utrechts Archief, Utrecht, Handelsregister Utrecht, Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken Utrecht, dossier 2470.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Frans van Angeren was a confectioner, tea room owner and business partner of Otto Frank. He represented Pomosin Werke in Utrecht, and employed Victor Kugler there for 10 years.<sup data-footnote-id=\"lgetg\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p>At the time of Otto Frank's naturalisation procedure, Van Angeren declared himself willing to act as a reference for him.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6gtwk\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> In the <strong>1950s</strong>, he shut down his business due to a heart condition and high blood pressure.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l4a4a\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> In early <strong>1959</strong>, however, he called Opekta, apparently about the takeover: he was afraid that everything would fall into Pomosin's hands.<sup data-footnote-id=\"b54i9\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Following his death, the Utrechtsch Nieuwsblad published an article about him on<strong> 23 July 1960</strong>. When Kugler wrote to Otto Frank on <strong>6 April 1973 </strong>that he had received the Yad Vashem medal on <strong>4 April</strong>, he added: “Herrn van Anger’n Geburtstag”.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xcfgd\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Van Angeren was married to W.J.A. Hofhuis (1893-1986), a sister of Joop. He was the godfather of Joop's son Frans (’35).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ilpkg\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> He was also a brother of the General Secretary and later Minister of Justice J.R.M. van Angeren.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"pul6s\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> <em>Addresses: </em>Lange Viestraat 14, Utrecht; Biltovenseweg 4, De Bilt (May ’35); Karel Doormanlaan 7, flat 1, 4 hoog (May ’58).<sup data-footnote-id=\"pul6s\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lgetg\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_100: Otto Frank aan J.R.M. van Angeren, 6 februari 1948.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6gtwk\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Ministerie van Justitie, Verbaalarchief, 1915-1955; Kabinetsarchief, 1915-1940, nummer toegang 2.09.22, inv. nr. 13402: Otto Frank aan Th. de Meester, 9 februari 1946.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l4a4a\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_085: Joop Hofhuis aan Otto Frank, 15 oktober 1959.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b54i9\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_085: Jeanne Kwakernaak aan Otto Frank, 12 februari 1959.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xcfgd\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_080: Victor Kugler aan Otto Frank, 6 april 1973.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ilpkg\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Mededeling van Frans Hofhuis, 12 juli 2011.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pul6s\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Het Utrechts Archief, Utrecht, Handelsregister Utrecht, Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken Utrecht, dossier 2470.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"birth_date": "1893-04-04",
"death_date": "1960-07-21",
"gender": "male",
"birth_place": "Utrecht",
"birth_country": "Nederland",
"death_place": "Utrecht",
"death_country": "Nederland",
"summary": "Frans van Angeren was a business partner of Otto Frank.",
"summary_nl": "Frans van Angeren was een zakenpartner van Otto Frank.",
"summary_en": "Frans van Angeren was a business partner of Otto Frank.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
]
}
