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{
"id": 2082,
"image": {
"id": 899,
"uuid": "2e7206f3-19c5-4a93-bc29-fe8e656dbc8e",
"name": "Barbara Ledermann in 1944 - uitsnede",
"title": "Barbara Ledermann in 1944",
"alt": "Fotograaf onbekend. Collectie USHMM / Courtesy Rodbell Family",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/ushmm_brl_1944.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek.",
"copyright": "Status onduidelijk"
},
"pictures": [],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/33e28b71-10bd-42c4-b577-534b07cd58f0/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/dbc099a2-1dcf-437b-ba47-6a1bb9161e21?format=api"
],
"published": true,
"uuid": "33e28b71-10bd-42c4-b577-534b07cd58f0",
"first_name": "Barbara",
"last_name": "Ledermann",
"infix": "",
"title": "Barbara Ledermann",
"title_nl": "Barbara Ledermann",
"title_en": null,
"content": "<p>Barbara Ledermann came to the Netherlands in 1933 with her parents and younger sister Susanne. Her mother was a sister of the artist Paul Citroen (<strong>1896-1983</strong>).<sup data-footnote-id=\"smwg5\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Like Margot, she attended the Jeker School. Margot was a great help to her with her schoolwork.<sup data-footnote-id=\"smwg5\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> She had ballet lessons from Hans Snoek, the later founder of the Scapino Ballet.<sup data-footnote-id=\"smwg5\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> In <strong>1941</strong>, a photographer took photos of Barbara and Joyce van der Veen during their ballet exercises.<sup data-footnote-id=\"issi6\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>When the deportations started in <strong>July 1942</strong>, Barbara was exempted because of connections with the Jewish Council. Nevertheless, her parents had her vaccinated against cholera and typhus, just to be sure.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yg59r\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Later, with the help of friends, she managed to change her identity.<sup data-footnote-id=\"smwg5\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> She got through the years of occupation under the name Barbara Waarts. In this false identity, the first names of the parents and the date and place of birth were correct. On <strong>5 July 1944</strong> she also received a new identity card under the name Waarts. After the liberation her registration card in the Population Register was labelled 'False'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1e6um\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Her going into hiding was against the will of her parents. When she lived under the pseudonym Waarts for eight months, she went to visit her parents. Because the neighbours knew her, she put a Jewish star on her clothes. She was at home one evening and night. The next morning, <strong>20 June 1943</strong>, the raid took place during which the last large group of Jews in the neighbourhood was picked up. Barbara removed her star and left the house unharmed. Her father, mother and sister Susanne were taken away that day.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mxsh5\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>June 1947</strong>, Otto Frank sent her a copy of The Secret Annex with an accompanying note. She thanked him on <strong>10 September 1947</strong>, writing that she had now succeeded in accepting life as others have accepted religion: without understanding it.<sup data-footnote-id=\"icaxv\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>October 1947</strong>, Barbara, who was the only survivor from her family, left for the United States. She married physicist Martin Rodbell and had four children with him.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Barbara Ledermann's story forms one of the personalised tour brochures of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1vjgn\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"w88s9\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> <em>Addresses:</em><strong> </strong>Berlin; Zandvoort; Noorder Amstellaan 37-III, Amsterdam; Johannes Vermeerstraat 77 boven; Reijnier Vinkeleskade 61 huis (June 1943-1945 under the false identity of Barbara Waarts); Koningslaan 14hs (November 1945); New York (October 1947).<sup data-footnote-id=\"nwv3y\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"smwg5\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-4\">d</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief Rodbell - Ledermann: Interview met Barbara Rodbell - Ledermann door Wouter van der Sluis, Amsterdam, 10 november 1993.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"issi6\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief Van der Veen: Interview met Joyce van der Veen door Dineke Stam, Los Angeles, 27 maart 1997.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yg59r\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Catherine Yekimov, Inge R, Lizze Vrijsen (vertaling), <em>Letters from the Ledermanns</em>, San Bernardino, CA: Afori Publishing, 2016, p. 8-11.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1e6um\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), DIenst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Barbara Waarts, met naoorlogse aantekening “Valsch”.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mxsh5\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenverhalen I: Transcriptie interview Barbara Rodwell – Ledermann door David de Jongh en Teresien da Silva, 1 en 2 oktober 2008, p. 33 – 34, tijdcode 00:22:32 – 00:26:39. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"icaxv\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief Rodbell - Ledermann: Brief Otto Frank aan Barbara Ledermann, juni 1947 en antwoord van Barbara, 9 oktober 1947.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1vjgn\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington DC, “Identification card” #4191, Barbara Ledermann.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"w88s9\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Joods Monument: <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/471142/barbara-ledermann\" target=\"_blank\">Barbara Ledermann</a></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nwv3y\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart F.A. Ledermann (1889).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Barbara Ledermann kwam in <strong>1933 </strong>met haar ouders en jongere zus Susanne naar Nederland. Haar moeder was een zus van de kunstenaar Paul Citroen (<strong>1896-1983</strong>).<sup data-footnote-id=\"smwg5\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Net als Margot zat ze op de Jekerschool. Ze had bij het schoolwerk veel steun aan Margot.<sup data-footnote-id=\"smwg5\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Ze had balletlessen bij Hans Snoek, de latere oprichtster van het Scapino Ballet.<sup data-footnote-id=\"smwg5\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> In <strong>1941 </strong>maakte een fotografe foto's van Barbara en Joyce van der Veen tijdens hun balletoefeningen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"issi6\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Toen de deportaties in <strong>juli 1942 </strong>begonnen, kreeg Barbara vrijstelling vanwege haar vaders connecties met de Joodsche Raad. Toch lieten haar ouders haar voor de zekerheid inenten tegen cholera en tyfus.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yg59r\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Later wist ze met behulp van haar vriend Manfred Grünberg een andere identiteit aan te nemen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"smwg5\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Onder de naam Barbara Waarts kwam ze door de bezettingsjaren. Bij deze valse identiteit waren de voornamen van de ouders, de geboortedatum en –plaats wel juist. Op <strong>5 juli 1944 </strong>kreeg ze op de naam Waarts ook nog een nieuw persoonsbewijs. Na de bevrijding kreeg haar registratiekaart in het Bevolkingsregister het predicaat “Valsch”.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1e6um\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Haar onderduiken gebeurde tegen de zin van haar ouders. Toen ze acht maanden onder de schuilnaam Waarts leefde, ging ze bij haar ouders op bezoek. Omdat de buren haar kenden, deed ze een Jodenster op haar kleding. Ze was een avond en nacht thuis. De volgende morgen, <strong>20 juni 1943</strong>, volgde de razzia waarbij de laatste grote groep Joden uit de buurt werd opgehaald. Barbara verwijderde haar ster en verliet ongehinderd het huis. Haar vader, moeder en zus Susanne werden die dag meegenomen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mxsh5\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>juni 1947 </strong>stuurde Otto Frank haar een exemplaar van <em>Het Achterhuis</em> met een begeleidend briefje. Ze bedankte hem op <strong>10 september 1947</strong> en schreef toen dat ze er inmiddels in was geslaagd het leven te aanvaarden zoals anderen een godsdienst: zonder het te begrijpen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"icaxv\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>oktober</strong> <strong>1947 </strong>vertrok Barbara, die als enige van het gezin overleefde, naar de Verenigde Staten. Ze trouwde met de fysicus Martin Rodbell en kreeg met hem vier kinderen.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Barbara Ledermanns verhaal vormt een van de gepersonaliseerde rondleidingsfolders van het United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1vjgn\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Bron persoonsgevens</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"36p2h\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> <em>Adressen:</em><strong> </strong>Berlijn; Zandvoort; Noorder Amstellaan 37-III, Amsterdam; Johannes Vermeerstraat 77 boven; Reijnier Vinkeleskade 61 huis (juni 1943-1945 onder de valse identiteit Barbara Waarts); Koningslaan 14hs (november 1945); New York (oktober 1947).<sup data-footnote-id=\"nwv3y\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"smwg5\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-4\">d</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief Rodbell - Ledermann: Interview met Barbara Rodbell - Ledermann door Wouter van der Sluis, Amsterdam, 10 november 1993.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"issi6\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief Van der Veen: Interview met Joyce van der Veen door Dineke Stam, Los Angeles, 27 maart 1997.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yg59r\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Catherine Yekimov, Inge R, Lizze Vrijsen (vertaling), <em>Letters from the Ledermanns</em>, San Bernardino, CA: Afori Publishing, 2016, p. 8-11.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1e6um\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), DIenst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten, toegang 30238: Archiefkaart Barbara Waarts, met naoorlogse aantekening “Valsch”.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mxsh5\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenverhalen I: Transcriptie interview Barbara Rodwell – Ledermann door David de Jongh en Teresien da Silva, 1 en 2 oktober 2008, p. 33 – 34, tijdcode 00:22:32 – 00:26:39. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"icaxv\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief Rodbell - Ledermann: Brief Otto Frank aan Barbara Ledermann, juni 1947 en antwoord van Barbara, 9 oktober 1947.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1vjgn\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington DC, “Identification card” #4191, Barbara Ledermann.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"36p2h\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Joods Monument: <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/471142/barbara-ledermann\" target=\"_blank\">Barbara Ledermann</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nwv3y\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart F.A. Ledermann (1889).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Barbara Ledermann came to the Netherlands in 1933 with her parents and younger sister Susanne. Her mother was a sister of the artist Paul Citroen (<strong>1896-1983</strong>).<sup data-footnote-id=\"smwg5\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Like Margot, she attended the Jeker School. Margot was a great help to her with her schoolwork.<sup data-footnote-id=\"smwg5\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> She had ballet lessons from Hans Snoek, the later founder of the Scapino Ballet.<sup data-footnote-id=\"smwg5\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> In <strong>1941</strong>, a photographer took photos of Barbara and Joyce van der Veen during their ballet exercises.<sup data-footnote-id=\"issi6\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>When the deportations started in <strong>July 1942</strong>, Barbara was exempted because of connections with the Jewish Council. Nevertheless, her parents had her vaccinated against cholera and typhus, just to be sure.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yg59r\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Later, with the help of friends, she managed to change her identity.<sup data-footnote-id=\"smwg5\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> She got through the years of occupation under the name Barbara Waarts. In this false identity, the first names of the parents and the date and place of birth were correct. On <strong>5 July 1944</strong> she also received a new identity card under the name Waarts. After the liberation her registration card in the Population Register was labelled 'False'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1e6um\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Her going into hiding was against the will of her parents. When she lived under the pseudonym Waarts for eight months, she went to visit her parents. Because the neighbours knew her, she put a Jewish star on her clothes. She was at home one evening and night. The next morning, <strong>20 June 1943</strong>, the raid took place during which the last large group of Jews in the neighbourhood was picked up. Barbara removed her star and left the house unharmed. Her father, mother and sister Susanne were taken away that day.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mxsh5\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>June 1947</strong>, Otto Frank sent her a copy of The Secret Annex with an accompanying note. She thanked him on <strong>10 September 1947</strong>, writing that she had now succeeded in accepting life as others have accepted religion: without understanding it.<sup data-footnote-id=\"icaxv\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>October 1947</strong>, Barbara, who was the only survivor from her family, left for the United States. She married physicist Martin Rodbell and had four children with him.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Barbara Ledermann's story forms one of the personalised tour brochures of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1vjgn\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"w88s9\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> <em>Addresses:</em><strong> </strong>Berlin; Zandvoort; Noorder Amstellaan 37-III, Amsterdam; Johannes Vermeerstraat 77 boven; Reijnier Vinkeleskade 61 huis (June 1943-1945 under the false identity of Barbara Waarts); Koningslaan 14hs (November 1945); New York (October 1947).<sup data-footnote-id=\"nwv3y\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"smwg5\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-4\">d</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief Rodbell - Ledermann: Interview met Barbara Rodbell - Ledermann door Wouter van der Sluis, Amsterdam, 10 november 1993.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"issi6\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief Van der Veen: Interview met Joyce van der Veen door Dineke Stam, Los Angeles, 27 maart 1997.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yg59r\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Catherine Yekimov, Inge R, Lizze Vrijsen (vertaling), <em>Letters from the Ledermanns</em>, San Bernardino, CA: Afori Publishing, 2016, p. 8-11.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1e6um\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), DIenst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Barbara Waarts, met naoorlogse aantekening “Valsch”.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mxsh5\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenverhalen I: Transcriptie interview Barbara Rodwell – Ledermann door David de Jongh en Teresien da Silva, 1 en 2 oktober 2008, p. 33 – 34, tijdcode 00:22:32 – 00:26:39. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"icaxv\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief Rodbell - Ledermann: Brief Otto Frank aan Barbara Ledermann, juni 1947 en antwoord van Barbara, 9 oktober 1947.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1vjgn\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington DC, “Identification card” #4191, Barbara Ledermann.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"w88s9\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Joods Monument: <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/471142/barbara-ledermann\" target=\"_blank\">Barbara Ledermann</a></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nwv3y\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart F.A. Ledermann (1889).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"birth_date": "1925-09-04",
"death_date": null,
"gender": "female",
"birth_place": "Berlijn",
"birth_country": "Duitsland",
"death_place": "",
"death_country": "",
"summary": "Barbara Ledermann was friends with Margot Frank.",
"summary_nl": "Barbara Ledermann was bevriend met Margot Frank. Enkele persoonlijke gegevens worden om privacyredenen niet getoond.",
"summary_en": "Barbara Ledermann was friends with Margot Frank.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
