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{
"id": 2063,
"image": {
"id": 908,
"uuid": "22e10c28-eccf-4142-bb4a-c96e1da3f8bb",
"name": "B_Getuigen_III_045",
"title": "Judik en Rosa de Winter, augustus 1946",
"alt": "Fritz Karbasch. Fotocollectie Anne Frank Stichting, Amsterdam",
"url": "https://images.memorix.nl/anf/thumb/1920x1080/744cbfdd-a75c-0f87-3264-3de82034dd1f.jpg",
"path": null,
"filetype": "image",
"description": "Portretfoto van Judik de Winter en haar moeder Rosa de Winter- Levy. Gemaakt in augustus 1946. Stempel achterzijde; Foto Fritz Karbasch, v.Baerlestraat 102 Amsterdam Z.",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek",
"copyright": "Status onduidelijk"
},
"pictures": [
{
"id": 908,
"uuid": "22e10c28-eccf-4142-bb4a-c96e1da3f8bb",
"name": "B_Getuigen_III_045",
"title": "Judik en Rosa de Winter, augustus 1946",
"alt": "Fritz Karbasch. Fotocollectie Anne Frank Stichting, Amsterdam",
"url": "https://images.memorix.nl/anf/thumb/1920x1080/744cbfdd-a75c-0f87-3264-3de82034dd1f.jpg",
"path": null,
"filetype": "image",
"description": "Portretfoto van Judik de Winter en haar moeder Rosa de Winter- Levy. Gemaakt in augustus 1946. Stempel achterzijde; Foto Fritz Karbasch, v.Baerlestraat 102 Amsterdam Z.",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek",
"copyright": "Status onduidelijk"
}
],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/ae1d4c0d-33fe-491e-be2a-e5cfb9218e41/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/3684c3f2-ba86-43cb-a9ed-73e6ec6c6189?format=api"
],
"published": true,
"uuid": "ae1d4c0d-33fe-491e-be2a-e5cfb9218e41",
"first_name": "Rosa",
"last_name": "Winter - Levy",
"infix": "de",
"title": "Rosa de Winter - Levy",
"title_nl": "Rosa de Winter - Levy",
"title_en": "Rosa de Winter - Levy",
"content": "<p>Rosa Levy (Roosje/Ro) was born on <strong>9 June 1905</strong> in Gelsenkirchen, Germany. On <strong>7 September 1927</strong>, she married Emanuel de Winter (1889-1944) in Wisch.<sup data-footnote-id=\"zk1r8\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> They had a daughter Judik on <strong>27 October 1928</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"a36vp\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> The family lived at Coehoornsingel 10 in Zutphen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"deo8i\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In late <strong>March 1943,</strong> Jewish people were banned from living in the province of Gelderland and were summoned to report to Camp Vught.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jpzh7\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Rosa de Winter therefore went into hiding with her husband and daughter with a farmer's family in the Achterhoek region <strong>in early April</strong>. After more than a year in hiding, the De Winter family was discovered and arrested on<strong> 16 July 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kdlgc\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> After the interrogation in Velp, they were transferred to the Detention Centre in Arnhem. On <strong>22 July 1944,</strong> they were transported to Westerbork transit camp.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ttp2s\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> There, like the eight people from the Secret Annex, they ended up in prison barracks 67. Rosa was put to work in battery demolition.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y4e6f\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Auschwitz-Birkenau</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>3 September 1944,</strong> Rosa was deported with her husband and daughter to Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ur8om\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> After arriving in Auschwitz on <strong>6 September</strong>, the men and women were separated and selections followed. Rosa and her daughter were selected for forced labour, but her husband Emanuel was murdered in one of the gas chambers the same day.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k79qj\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> After the selection, Rosa was registered and had the number A25250 tattooed on her arm.<sup data-footnote-id=\"g34ha\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> Like Anne, Margot and Edith, Rosa and her daughter ended up in barracks 29 of Auschwitz-Birkenau after selection and registration.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ri2hb\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In Auschwitz, Rosa survived several selections for the gas chamber. Her daughter also passed the selections, but was selected for deportation to Kratzau on <strong>26 October 1944</strong>, where she had to perform forced labour. Anne and Margot were selected for deportation to Bergen-Belsen a few days later, leaving both Rosa and Edith without their daughters in Auschwitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"89vdb\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> Rosa later wrote about this: '<em>We comforted each other and became friends</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"prmn2\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Due to the poor conditions in the camp, the beatings, the lack of food and the diseases that were going around, Rosa and Edith became seriously weakened. It was therefore not long before Edith was taken to the hospital barracks by Rosa. Some time later, she herself also became seriously ill and met Edith again in the hospital barracks. Rosa wrote: 'One morning<em> new patients came in. Suddenly I recognise Edith, she has come from another infirmary. She is just a shadow. A few days later she dies, totally exhausted.</em> '<sup data-footnote-id=\"33mmw\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup> Rosa herself barely managed to survive Auschwitz. On <strong>27 January 1945,</strong> the camp was liberated by the Soviet army.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ysufl\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>After the war</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>On the journey back to the Netherlands, Rosa met Otto Frank in Katowice. Otto Frank's notebook shows that she told him on <strong>22 March 1945</strong> that Edith had died: '<em>22. Mrs De Winter, Zutphen. Message death of Edith on 6. Jan. 45 in hospital from weakness without suffering.'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"74fz2\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup> After a three-month return journey, Rosa arrived in Roermond on <strong>31 May</strong> <strong>1945</strong>. There she was reunited with her daughter.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sflgw\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>September 1945</strong>, she was one of the first to publish her camp experiences in the book '<em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt! Het satanswerk van de S.S.: relaas van het lijden in en de bevrijding uit het concentratiekamp "Birkenau" bij Auschwitz' </em>('Escape from the gas chamber! The satanic work of the S.S.: an account of suffering in and liberation from "Birkenau" concentration camp near Auschwitz')<em>. </em>In it, she wrote, among other things, about her friendship with Edith Frank, how their daughters had to be transported and how Edith eventually died.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>1964</strong>, she was one of the witnesses in the Second Auschwitz trial in Frankfurt am Main.<sup data-footnote-id=\"oarlj\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup> Rosa died on <strong>16 October 1985</strong>, at the age of 80.<sup data-footnote-id=\"zannh\"><a href=\"#footnote-19\" id=\"footnote-marker-19-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[19]</a></sup> She remained friends with Otto Frank throughout her life.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mt34w\"><a href=\"#footnote-20\" id=\"footnote-marker-20-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[20]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"zannh\"><a href=\"#footnote-19\" id=\"footnote-marker-19-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[19]</a></sup><strong> </strong><em>Addresses: </em>Coehoornsingel 10, Zutphen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"deo8i\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2><em>Footnotes</em></h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zk1r8\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De gemeente Wisch (Gelderland) is sinds 2005 de gemeente Oude IJsselstreek. ‘Huwelijk Rosa Levy en Emanuel de Winter, 07-09-1927’, Gelders Archief, Arnhem, toegangsnr. 0207A, inv. 12554-05, aktenr. 62.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"a36vp\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://mensenlinq.nl/overlijdensberichten/judy-salomon-de-winter-8462035/\" target=\"_blank\">https://mensenlinq.nl/overlijdensberichten/judy-salomon-de-winter-8462035/</a> (geraadpleegd 26 oktober 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"deo8i\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.stolpersteinezutphen.nl/persoon/emanuel-winter\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.stolpersteinezutphen.nl/persoon/emanuel-winter</a> (geraadpleegd 26 oktober 2022); Arolsen Archives - International Center on Nazi Persecution, Bad Arolsen, Kaart Emanuel de Winter, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130401094?s=Emanuel%20de%20Winter&t=2574901&p=0\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130401094?s=Emanuel%20de%20Winter&t=2574901&p=0</a> (geraadpleegd 26 oktober 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jpzh7\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Op 29 maart 1943 verscheen een besluit van Hanns Albin Rauter in de krant: ‘Met ingang van 10 april 1943 is aan Joden het verblijf in de provincies Friesland, Drenthe, Groningen, Overijssel, Gelderland, Limburg, Noord-Brabant en Zeeland verboden. Joden die zich op het ogenblik in de genoemde provincies ophouden, moeten zich naar het kamp te Vught begeven.’ Zie verder <a href=\"https://www.annefrank.org/nl/timeline/162/rauter-wil-alle-joden-weg-uit-de-provincies/\">https://www.annefrank.org/nl/timeline/162/rauter-wil-alle-joden-weg-uit-de-provincies/</a> (geraadpleegd 26 oktober 943).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kdlgc\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Rosa de Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt! Het satanswerk van de S.S.: relaas van het lijden in en de bevrijding uit het concentratiekamp "Birkenau" bij Auschwitz</em>, Doetinchem: Misset, 1945, p. 6-7. Raadpleegbaar op Het Geheugen van Nederland: <a href=\"https://geheugen.delpher.nl/en/geheugen/view?identifier=EVDO02%3ANIOD05_6519&amp;coll=ngvn&amp;pres%5Bimageindex%5D=19&amp\" target=\"_blank\">https://geheugen.delpher.nl/en/geheugen/view?identifier=EVDO02%3ANIOD05_6519&amp;coll=ngvn&amp;pres%5Bimageindex%5D=19&amp</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ttp2s\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p. 7-8; Arolsen Archives, Kaart Rosa de Winter – Levy, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130401293?s=Rosa%20de%20Winter%20Levy&t=2574901&p=0\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130401293?s=Rosa%20de%20Winter%20Levy&t=2574901&p=0</a> (geraadpleegd op 26 oktober 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y4e6f\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p. 9-10; Arolsen Archives, Kaart Rosa de Winter – Levy..</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ur8om\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!, p, 9-10</em>; Arolsen Archives, Kaart Emanuel de Winter & Kaart Judik de Winter, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130401204?s=Judik%20de%20Winter&t=2574901&p=0\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130401204?s=Judik%20de%20Winter&t=2574901&p=0</a> (geraadpleegd 26 oktober 2022)</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k79qj\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/119361/emanuel-de-winter\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/119361/emanuel-de-winter</a> (geraadpleegd 26 oktober 2022); De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p.12.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"g34ha\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p.1 3.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ri2hb\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bas von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen, </em>Amsterdam: Querido, 2020, p. 196.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"89vdb\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis,</em> p. 208-209.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"prmn2\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p. 24.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"33mmw\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p.29.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ysufl\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Von Benda Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis,</em> p. 215.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"74fz2\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_040: Notitieboekje 1945, 22 maart.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sflgw\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p. 44.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oarlj\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>‘Rosa de Winter-Levie gaat in Auschwitz-proces getuigen’ in: <em>Brabants Dagblad</em>, 24 april 1964; ‘Samen met de Franks op transport. Mevr. de Winter-Levy: Nederlandse getuige’ in: <em>De Gelderlander</em>, 23 april 1964.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zannh\" id=\"footnote-19\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-19-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-19-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.geni.com/photo/view/6000000001371838592?album_type=photos_of_me&photo_id=6000000103324310709\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.geni.com/photo/view/6000000001371838592?album_type=photos_of_me&photo_id=6000000103324310709</a> (geraadpleegd 31 oktober 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mt34w\" id=\"footnote-20\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-20-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>‘Samen met de Franks op transport. Mevr. de Winter-Levy: Nederlandse getuige’ in: <em>De Gelderlander</em>, 23 april 1964.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"content_nl": "<p>Rosa Levy (Roosje/Ro) werd op <strong>9 juni 1905</strong> geboren in Gelsenkirchen, Duitsland. Op <strong>7 september 1927</strong> trouwde ze in Wisch met Emanuel de Winter (1889-1944).<sup data-footnote-id=\"zk1r8\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Samen kregen ze op <strong>27 oktober 1928</strong> een dochter Judik.<sup data-footnote-id=\"a36vp\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Het gezin woonde op de Coehoornsingel 10 in Zutphen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"deo8i\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Eind <strong>maart 1943</strong> werd het voor Joden verboden om nog in de provincie Gelderland te wonen en werden zij opgeroepen zich te melden in kamp Vught.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jpzh7\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Rosa de Winter dook daarom <strong>begin april</strong> met haar man en dochter onder bij een boerenfamilie in de Achterhoek. Na meer dan een jaar in de onderduik werd het gezin De Winter op<strong> 16 juli 1944</strong> ontdekt en gearresteerd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kdlgc\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Na een verhoor in Velp, werden ze overgebracht naar het Huis van Bewaring in Arnhem. Op <strong>22 juli 1944</strong> werden ze op transport gesteld naar doorgangskamp Westerbork.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ttp2s\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Daar kwamen ze net als de acht onderduikers uit het Achterhuis in Strafbarak 67 terecht. Rosa werd tewerkgesteld bij de batterijensloop.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y4e6f\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Auschwitz-Birkenau</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>3 september 1944</strong> werd Rosa samen met haar man en dochter naar concentratie- en vernietigingskamp Auschwitz gedeporteerd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ur8om\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Na aankomst in Auschwitz op <strong>6 september</strong> werden de mannen en vrouwen van elkaar gescheiden en volgden er selecties. Rosa en haar dochter werden geselecteerd voor dwangarbeid, maar haar man Emanuel werd diezelfde dag nog vermoord in een van de gaskamers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k79qj\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> Na de selectie werd Rosa geregistreerd en kreeg ze het nummer A25250 op haar arm getatoeëerd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"g34ha\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> Net als Anne, Margot en Edith kwam Rosa met haar dochter na de selectie en registratie in barak 29 van Auschwitz-Birkenau terecht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ri2hb\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In Auschwitz overleefde Rosa verschillende selecties voor de gaskamer. Ook haar dochter kwam door de selecties, maar werd op <strong>26 oktober 1944</strong> geselecteerd voor deportatie naar Kratzau waar ze dwangarbeid moest verrichten. Anne en Margot werden een paar dagen later geselecteerd voor deportatie naar Bergen-Belsen, waardoor zowel Rosa als Edith zonder hun dochters in Auschwitz achterbleven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"89vdb\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> Rosa schreef daarover later: ‘<em>Wij troosten elkaar en worden vriendinnen</em>.’<sup data-footnote-id=\"prmn2\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Door de slechte omstandigheden in het kamp, de mishandelingen, het gebrek aan voedsel en de ziektes die rondgingen, raakten Rosa en Edith ernstig verzwakt. Het duurde dan ook niet lang voordat Edith door Rosa naar de ziekenbarak werd gebracht. Enige tijd later werd ook zijzelf ernstig ziek en kwam ze Edith weer tegen in de ziekenbarak. Rosa schreef: ‘<em>Op een morgen komen nieuwe patiënten binnen. Ineens herken ik Edith, zij komt uit een andere ziekenafdeling. Zij is nog maar een schim. Enkele dagen nadien sterft zij, totaal uitgeput.</em>’<sup data-footnote-id=\"33mmw\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup> Rosa zelf wist Auschwitz ternauwernood te overleven. Op <strong>27 januari 1945</strong> werd het kamp bevrijd door het Sovjetleger.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ysufl\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Na de oorlog</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Op de terugreis naar Nederland ontmoette Rosa in Katowice Otto Frank. Uit het notitieboekje van Otto Frank blijkt dat zij hem op <strong>22 maart 1945</strong> vertelde dat Edith gestorven was: ‘<em>22. Mevr. De Winter, Zutphen. Bericht overlijden van Edith op 6. Jan. 45 in het ziekenhuis uit zwakte zonder te lijden.’</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"74fz2\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup> Na een terugreis van drie maanden kwam Rosa op <strong>31 mei</strong> <strong>1945</strong> in Roermond aan. Daar werd ze herenigd met haar dochter.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sflgw\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>september 1945</strong> publiceerde ze als een van de eerste haar kampervaringen in het boek <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt! Het satanswerk van de S.S.: relaas van het lijden in en de bevrijding uit het concentratiekamp "Birkenau" bij Auschwitz</em><em>. </em>Hierin schreef ze onder meer over haar vriendschap met Edith Frank, hoe hun dochters op transport moesten en hoe Edith uiteindelijk overleed.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>1964</strong> was ze een van de getuigen in het Tweede Auschwitzproces in Frankfurt am Main.<sup data-footnote-id=\"oarlj\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup> Op <strong>16 oktober 1985</strong> overleed Rosa op tachtigjarige leeftijd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"zannh\"><a href=\"#footnote-19\" id=\"footnote-marker-19-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[19]</a></sup> Ze bleef haar hele leven bevriend met Otto Frank.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mt34w\"><a href=\"#footnote-20\" id=\"footnote-marker-20-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[20]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Bron persoonsgegevens.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"zannh\"><a href=\"#footnote-19\" id=\"footnote-marker-19-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[19]</a></sup><strong> </strong><em>Adressen: </em>Coehoornsingel 10, Zutphen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"deo8i\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2><em>Footnotes</em></h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zk1r8\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De gemeente Wisch (Gelderland) is sinds 2005 de gemeente Oude IJsselstreek. ‘Huwelijk Rosa Levy en Emanuel de Winter, 07-09-1927’, Gelders Archief, Arnhem, toegangsnr. 0207A, inv. 12554-05, aktenr. 62.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"a36vp\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://mensenlinq.nl/overlijdensberichten/judy-salomon-de-winter-8462035/\" target=\"_blank\">https://mensenlinq.nl/overlijdensberichten/judy-salomon-de-winter-8462035/</a> (geraadpleegd 26 oktober 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"deo8i\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.stolpersteinezutphen.nl/persoon/emanuel-winter\">https://www.stolpersteinezutphen.nl/persoon/emanuel-winter</a> (geraadpleegd 26 oktober 2022); Arolsen Archives - International Center on Nazi Persecution, Bad Arolsen, Kaart Emanuel de Winter, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130401094?s=Emanuel%20de%20Winter&t=2574901&p=0\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130401094?s=Emanuel%20de%20Winter&t=2574901&p=0</a> (geraadpleegd 26 oktober 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jpzh7\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Op 29 maart 1943 verscheen een besluit van Hanns Albin Rauter in de krant: ‘Met ingang van 10 april 1943 is aan Joden het verblijf in de provincies Friesland, Drenthe, Groningen, Overijssel, Gelderland, Limburg, Noord-Brabant en Zeeland verboden. Joden die zich op het ogenblik in de genoemde provincies ophouden, moeten zich naar het kamp te Vught begeven.’ Zie verder <a href=\"https://www.annefrank.org/nl/timeline/162/rauter-wil-alle-joden-weg-uit-de-provincies/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.annefrank.org/nl/timeline/162/rauter-wil-alle-joden-weg-uit-de-provincies/</a> (geraadpleegd 26 oktober 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kdlgc\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Rosa de Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt! Het satanswerk van de S.S.: relaas van het lijden in en de bevrijding uit het concentratiekamp "Birkenau" bij Auschwitz</em>, Doetinchem: Misset, 1945, p. 6-7. Raadpleegbaar op Het Geheugen van Nederland: <a href=\"https://geheugen.delpher.nl/en/geheugen/view?identifier=EVDO02%3ANIOD05_6519&amp;coll=ngvn&amp;pres%5Bimageindex%5D=19&amp\" target=\"_blank\">https://geheugen.delpher.nl/en/geheugen/view?identifier=EVDO02%3ANIOD05_6519&amp;coll=ngvn&amp;pres%5Bimageindex%5D=19&amp</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ttp2s\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p. 7-8; Arolsen Archives, Kaart Rosa de Winter – Levy, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130401293?s=Rosa%20de%20Winter%20Levy&t=2574901&p=0\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130401293?s=Rosa%20de%20Winter%20Levy&t=2574901&p=0</a> (geraadpleegd op 26 oktober 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y4e6f\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p. 9-10; Arolsen Archives, Kaart Rosa de Winter – Levy..</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ur8om\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!, p, 9-10</em>; Arolsen Archives, Kaart Emanuel de Winter & Kaart Judik de Winter, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130401204?s=Judik%20de%20Winter&t=2574901&p=0\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130401204?s=Judik%20de%20Winter&t=2574901&p=0</a> (geraadpleegd 26 oktober 2022)</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k79qj\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/119361/emanuel-de-winter\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/119361/emanuel-de-winter</a> (geraadpleegd 26 oktober 2022); De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p.12.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"g34ha\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p.1 3.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ri2hb\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bas von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen, </em>Amsterdam: Querido, 2020, p. 196.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"89vdb\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis,</em> p. 208-209.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"prmn2\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p. 24.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"33mmw\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p.29.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ysufl\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Von Benda Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis,</em> p. 215.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"74fz2\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_040: Notitieboekje 1945, 22 maart.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sflgw\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p. 44.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oarlj\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>‘Rosa de Winter-Levie gaat in Auschwitz-proces getuigen’ in: <em>Brabants Dagblad</em>, 24 april 1964; ‘Samen met de Franks op transport. Mevr. de Winter-Levy: Nederlandse getuige’ in: <em>De Gelderlander</em>, 23 april 1964.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zannh\" id=\"footnote-19\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-19-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-19-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.geni.com/photo/view/6000000001371838592?album_type=photos_of_me&photo_id=6000000103324310709\">https://www.geni.com/photo/view/6000000001371838592?album_type=photos_of_me&photo_id=6000000103324310709</a> (geraadpleegd 31 oktober 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mt34w\" id=\"footnote-20\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-20-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>‘Samen met de Franks op transport. Mevr. de Winter-Levy: Nederlandse getuige’ in: <em>De Gelderlander</em>, 23 april 1964.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"content_en": "<p>Rosa Levy (Roosje/Ro) was born on <strong>9 June 1905</strong> in Gelsenkirchen, Germany. On <strong>7 September 1927</strong>, she married Emanuel de Winter (1889-1944) in Wisch.<sup data-footnote-id=\"zk1r8\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> They had a daughter Judik on <strong>27 October 1928</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"a36vp\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> The family lived at Coehoornsingel 10 in Zutphen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"deo8i\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In late <strong>March 1943,</strong> Jewish people were banned from living in the province of Gelderland and were summoned to report to Camp Vught.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jpzh7\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Rosa de Winter therefore went into hiding with her husband and daughter with a farmer's family in the Achterhoek region <strong>in early April</strong>. After more than a year in hiding, the De Winter family was discovered and arrested on<strong> 16 July 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kdlgc\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> After the interrogation in Velp, they were transferred to the Detention Centre in Arnhem. On <strong>22 July 1944,</strong> they were transported to Westerbork transit camp.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ttp2s\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> There, like the eight people from the Secret Annex, they ended up in prison barracks 67. Rosa was put to work in battery demolition.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y4e6f\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Auschwitz-Birkenau</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>3 September 1944,</strong> Rosa was deported with her husband and daughter to Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ur8om\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> After arriving in Auschwitz on <strong>6 September</strong>, the men and women were separated and selections followed. Rosa and her daughter were selected for forced labour, but her husband Emanuel was murdered in one of the gas chambers the same day.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k79qj\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> After the selection, Rosa was registered and had the number A25250 tattooed on her arm.<sup data-footnote-id=\"g34ha\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> Like Anne, Margot and Edith, Rosa and her daughter ended up in barracks 29 of Auschwitz-Birkenau after selection and registration.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ri2hb\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In Auschwitz, Rosa survived several selections for the gas chamber. Her daughter also passed the selections, but was selected for deportation to Kratzau on <strong>26 October 1944</strong>, where she had to perform forced labour. Anne and Margot were selected for deportation to Bergen-Belsen a few days later, leaving both Rosa and Edith without their daughters in Auschwitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"89vdb\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> Rosa later wrote about this: '<em>We comforted each other and became friends</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"prmn2\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Due to the poor conditions in the camp, the beatings, the lack of food and the diseases that were going around, Rosa and Edith became seriously weakened. It was therefore not long before Edith was taken to the hospital barracks by Rosa. Some time later, she herself also became seriously ill and met Edith again in the hospital barracks. Rosa wrote: 'One morning<em> new patients came in. Suddenly I recognise Edith, she has come from another infirmary. She is just a shadow. A few days later she dies, totally exhausted.</em> '<sup data-footnote-id=\"33mmw\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup> Rosa herself barely managed to survive Auschwitz. On <strong>27 January 1945,</strong> the camp was liberated by the Soviet army.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ysufl\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>After the war</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>On the journey back to the Netherlands, Rosa met Otto Frank in Katowice. Otto Frank's notebook shows that she told him on <strong>22 March 1945</strong> that Edith had died: '<em>22. Mrs De Winter, Zutphen. Message death of Edith on 6. Jan. 45 in hospital from weakness without suffering.'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"74fz2\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup> After a three-month return journey, Rosa arrived in Roermond on <strong>31 May</strong> <strong>1945</strong>. There she was reunited with her daughter.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sflgw\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>September 1945</strong>, she was one of the first to publish her camp experiences in the book '<em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt! Het satanswerk van de S.S.: relaas van het lijden in en de bevrijding uit het concentratiekamp "Birkenau" bij Auschwitz' </em>('Escape from the gas chamber! The satanic work of the S.S.: an account of suffering in and liberation from "Birkenau" concentration camp near Auschwitz')<em>. </em>In it, she wrote, among other things, about her friendship with Edith Frank, how their daughters had to be transported and how Edith eventually died.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>1964</strong>, she was one of the witnesses in the Second Auschwitz trial in Frankfurt am Main.<sup data-footnote-id=\"oarlj\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup> Rosa died on <strong>16 October 1985</strong>, at the age of 80.<sup data-footnote-id=\"zannh\"><a href=\"#footnote-19\" id=\"footnote-marker-19-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[19]</a></sup> She remained friends with Otto Frank throughout her life.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mt34w\"><a href=\"#footnote-20\" id=\"footnote-marker-20-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[20]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"zannh\"><a href=\"#footnote-19\" id=\"footnote-marker-19-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[19]</a></sup><strong> </strong><em>Addresses: </em>Coehoornsingel 10, Zutphen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"deo8i\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2><em>Footnotes</em></h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zk1r8\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De gemeente Wisch (Gelderland) is sinds 2005 de gemeente Oude IJsselstreek. ‘Huwelijk Rosa Levy en Emanuel de Winter, 07-09-1927’, Gelders Archief, Arnhem, toegangsnr. 0207A, inv. 12554-05, aktenr. 62.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"a36vp\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://mensenlinq.nl/overlijdensberichten/judy-salomon-de-winter-8462035/\" target=\"_blank\">https://mensenlinq.nl/overlijdensberichten/judy-salomon-de-winter-8462035/</a> (geraadpleegd 26 oktober 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"deo8i\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.stolpersteinezutphen.nl/persoon/emanuel-winter\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.stolpersteinezutphen.nl/persoon/emanuel-winter</a> (geraadpleegd 26 oktober 2022); Arolsen Archives - International Center on Nazi Persecution, Bad Arolsen, Kaart Emanuel de Winter, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130401094?s=Emanuel%20de%20Winter&t=2574901&p=0\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130401094?s=Emanuel%20de%20Winter&t=2574901&p=0</a> (geraadpleegd 26 oktober 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jpzh7\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Op 29 maart 1943 verscheen een besluit van Hanns Albin Rauter in de krant: ‘Met ingang van 10 april 1943 is aan Joden het verblijf in de provincies Friesland, Drenthe, Groningen, Overijssel, Gelderland, Limburg, Noord-Brabant en Zeeland verboden. Joden die zich op het ogenblik in de genoemde provincies ophouden, moeten zich naar het kamp te Vught begeven.’ Zie verder <a href=\"https://www.annefrank.org/nl/timeline/162/rauter-wil-alle-joden-weg-uit-de-provincies/\">https://www.annefrank.org/nl/timeline/162/rauter-wil-alle-joden-weg-uit-de-provincies/</a> (geraadpleegd 26 oktober 943).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kdlgc\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Rosa de Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt! Het satanswerk van de S.S.: relaas van het lijden in en de bevrijding uit het concentratiekamp "Birkenau" bij Auschwitz</em>, Doetinchem: Misset, 1945, p. 6-7. Raadpleegbaar op Het Geheugen van Nederland: <a href=\"https://geheugen.delpher.nl/en/geheugen/view?identifier=EVDO02%3ANIOD05_6519&amp;coll=ngvn&amp;pres%5Bimageindex%5D=19&amp\" target=\"_blank\">https://geheugen.delpher.nl/en/geheugen/view?identifier=EVDO02%3ANIOD05_6519&amp;coll=ngvn&amp;pres%5Bimageindex%5D=19&amp</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ttp2s\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p. 7-8; Arolsen Archives, Kaart Rosa de Winter – Levy, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130401293?s=Rosa%20de%20Winter%20Levy&t=2574901&p=0\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130401293?s=Rosa%20de%20Winter%20Levy&t=2574901&p=0</a> (geraadpleegd op 26 oktober 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y4e6f\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p. 9-10; Arolsen Archives, Kaart Rosa de Winter – Levy..</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ur8om\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!, p, 9-10</em>; Arolsen Archives, Kaart Emanuel de Winter & Kaart Judik de Winter, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130401204?s=Judik%20de%20Winter&t=2574901&p=0\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130401204?s=Judik%20de%20Winter&t=2574901&p=0</a> (geraadpleegd 26 oktober 2022)</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k79qj\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/119361/emanuel-de-winter\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/119361/emanuel-de-winter</a> (geraadpleegd 26 oktober 2022); De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p.12.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"g34ha\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p.1 3.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ri2hb\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bas von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen, </em>Amsterdam: Querido, 2020, p. 196.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"89vdb\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis,</em> p. 208-209.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"prmn2\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p. 24.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"33mmw\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy, <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p.29.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ysufl\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Von Benda Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis,</em> p. 215.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"74fz2\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_040: Notitieboekje 1945, 22 maart.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sflgw\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Winter-Levy <em>Aan de gaskamer ontsnapt!</em>, p. 44.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oarlj\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>‘Rosa de Winter-Levie gaat in Auschwitz-proces getuigen’ in: <em>Brabants Dagblad</em>, 24 april 1964; ‘Samen met de Franks op transport. Mevr. de Winter-Levy: Nederlandse getuige’ in: <em>De Gelderlander</em>, 23 april 1964.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zannh\" id=\"footnote-19\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-19-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-19-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.geni.com/photo/view/6000000001371838592?album_type=photos_of_me&photo_id=6000000103324310709\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.geni.com/photo/view/6000000001371838592?album_type=photos_of_me&photo_id=6000000103324310709</a> (geraadpleegd 31 oktober 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mt34w\" id=\"footnote-20\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-20-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>‘Samen met de Franks op transport. Mevr. de Winter-Levy: Nederlandse getuige’ in: <em>De Gelderlander</em>, 23 april 1964.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"birth_date": "1905-06-09",
"death_date": "1985-09-16",
"gender": "female",
"birth_place": "Gelsenkirchen",
"birth_country": "Duitsland",
"death_place": "",
"death_country": "",
"summary": "Rosa de Winter-Levy was deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau on the same transport as the Frank family. She stayed with Edith after the departure of her daughters, and she witnessed her death.",
"summary_nl": "Rosa de Winter-Levy zat in hetzelfde transport als waarmee de familie Frank naar Auschwitz-Birkenau werd gedeporteerd. Ze raakte goed bevriend met Edith Frank en was getuige van haar overlijden.",
"summary_en": "Rosa de Winter-Levy was deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau on the same transport as the Frank family. She stayed with Edith after the departure of her daughters, and she witnessed her death.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
