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{
"id": 2497,
"image": {
"id": 946,
"uuid": "e1c6699d-824f-4985-985a-51f91a53fc85",
"name": "Frieda Brommet_HCKW",
"title": "Frieda Brommet, ongedateerd",
"alt": "Foto: Godfried de Groot. Collectie Herinneringscentrum Kamp Westerbork",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/Frieda_Brommet_HCKW.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "Frieda Brommet, zonder datum. Foto afkomstig van Herinneringscentrum Kamp Westerbork.",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek.",
"copyright": "In copyright (rechten Derden)"
},
"pictures": [],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/bb4db7e1-1da5-4f12-ab18-555a53edd500/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/3684c3f2-ba86-43cb-a9ed-73e6ec6c6189?format=api"
],
"published": true,
"uuid": "bb4db7e1-1da5-4f12-ab18-555a53edd500",
"first_name": "Frieda",
"last_name": "Menco - Brommet",
"infix": "",
"title": "Frieda Menco - Brommet",
"title_nl": "Frieda Menco - Brommet",
"title_en": "Frieda Menco - Brommet",
"content": "<p>Frieda Brommet was born on <strong>11 August 1925</strong> in Amsterdam, where she grew up at Zuider-Amstellaan 74-I (now Rooseveltlaan) in the Rivierenbuurt neighbourhood. Her mother Rebecca Ritmeester-Brommet (1897-1989) was a housewife; her father Joel (Jo) Brommet (1896-1945) was a window dresser for De Bijenkorf, among others.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wx9hq\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Frieda went to the Dintel School, at 5-7 Dintelstraat. After that, she went to the three-year Trade School. When she was in the third grade there, the war broke out in the Netherlands and she became aware of her Jewishness for the first time. As she would often say later: "On 10 May, I became Jewish."<sup data-footnote-id=\"dvdxj\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Hiding and betrayal</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>After the third grade, Frieda continued at the Secondary Trade School. When she transferred there to the fifth grade, she had to leave school because of anti-Jewish measures and went to the HBS School on Mauritskade, which was specially set up for Jewish students.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0mxpf\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In early <strong>July 1942,</strong> Frieda received a call-up to report for labour. Like Margot Frank, she was 16 when she received the call-up. Frieda's father got the idea of faking scarlet fever and went to the <em>Zentralstelle</em> on <strong>14 July 1942</strong>, arranging a postponement. On the way home from the <em>Zentralstelle</em>, there was an unexpected raid and Jo Brommet was rounded up, along with 700 other Jewish people. He eventually managed to escape and decided to go into hiding with his family.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5qcuq\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Brommet family had to pay large sums of money for hiding and were not given enough to eat. In the <strong>spring of 1944</strong>, it was therefore decided to find another solution. This came through the daughter of the family hiding them. She had contacts with a couple who could take the Brommet family to Switzerland for a fee. But after paying 15,000 guilders, there was no trace of the couple and instead, on <strong>29 June 1944</strong>, the <em>Sicherheitsdienst</em> (SD) raided the house and the Brommet family was arrested. The Brommet family had been betrayed by two notorious SD infiltrators: married couple Jeanne Valkenburg<sup data-footnote-id=\"u5h2i\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> and Joop Bom.<sup data-footnote-id=\"py63y\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Deportation</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Frieda was first taken with her father and mother to Euterpestraat in Amsterdam for interrogation. The family was then detained in the prison on Weteringschans. Here Frieda met the poet Rozette (Ronnie) Goldstein-van Cleef (1921-2008), with whom she became good friends. She helped her write poems for the men in prison.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dvdxj\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>1 July 1944,</strong> Frieda arrived at Camp Westerbork. A month later, the Frank family was also brought there and they met in the staff barracks.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3k5r1\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Before going into hiding, the Brommet family and the Frank family lived close together and knew each other from the neighbourhood.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dpi8s\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Like the Frank family, Frieda and her mother were put to work on the batteries.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xcvse\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>3 September 1944,</strong> Frieda was put on a transport to Auschwitz with her parents, like the people from the Secret Annex. At the selection at the <em>Rampe</em>, she saw her father for the last time. After registration, the women were shaved bald and had a number tattooed on their arm. Frieda's number was A25080, her mother's A25079. Once in the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp, Frieda, like her mother, had to perform forced labour. They lugged stones from one side of the camp to the other side, and back again. Ronnie van Cleef wrote a poem for her about it.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6097m\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>After her arrival in Auschwitz-Birkenau, Frieda Brommet soon found herself in the <em>Krätzeblock</em>. Ronnie van Cleef had already been admitted there with scarlet fever; Frieda also became infected and was put in the <em>Krätzeblock</em> with her and the Frank sisters. Conditions in the <em>Krätzeblock</em> were bad. To help their daughters, Frieda Brommet and Edith Frank's mother, and helped by Lenie de Jong, dug a hole somewhere along the side of the hut to give food to the children.<sup data-footnote-id=\"oiimu\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup><sup> </sup>Frieda recalled how she was fed through the hole:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>''And during that period when Ronnie and I were there together, the thing is that my mother and Mrs Frank, Edith, formed a kind of couple. Because together they stole things they ... They dug a hole together. (...) One day my mother came and she could also speak through that hole, and she said, she would shout, 'Frieda! Frieda!' (...) And said: 'Mrs Frank and I are the only ones here in the camp now. We have been hiding because the group has been put on a transport. But we hid because we wanted to stay with you. And we stole some bread and I am giving it to you now through the hole and you have to share it between the four of you.' And that four was with Margot and Anne (...).'<sup data-footnote-id=\"dvdxj\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>In the <em>Krätzeblock</em>, Frieda soon became even sicker, contracting typhus fever, <em>Durchfall </em>(diarrhoea) and eventually pleurisy. She thus ended up in several infirmary huts and was reunited with her mother who had also fallen ill. <strong>In mid-January 1945,</strong> Auschwitz was cleared for the approaching Soviet army. Frieda and her mother remained in the infirmary hut and were liberated by the Soviet army on <strong>27 January 1945</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7sww4\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>After liberation</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>It took Frieda months to recover from the illnesses she contracted in Auschwitz. She therefore devoted the first years after the war to her recovery, as well as attending various courses and evening grammar school. She also got work as a telephone operator, which she could perform lying down while recovering.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r7r7t\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup> In <strong>January 1951</strong>, she married Herman Samuel Menco (1925-2002), who had also survived Auschwitz. They had two sons together.<sup data-footnote-id=\"b8177\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Frieda later recounted her war experiences in schools and in interviews. She said about this: "<em>What I can still do today, against indifference and against injustice. For me, that is the basis of everything.</em>"<sup data-footnote-id=\"dvdxj\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>15 March 2011</strong>, Frieda was at the Anne Frank House for the opening of the exhibition <em>Margot, sister of Anne</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9jea8\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"e6omf\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup><sup data-footnote-id=\"9jea8\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup> <em>Addresses: </em>Amsterdam, Zuider-Amstellaan 74-I (until summer '42);<sup data-footnote-id=\"l8dt1\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup> Tilburg (May-June '45);<sup data-footnote-id=\"hnue6\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup> Amsterdam, Henry Polaklaan 8-10 (summer '45); Henry Polaklaan 27II (24 Mar '47).<sup data-footnote-id=\"9a98c\"><a href=\"#footnote-19\" id=\"footnote-marker-19-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[19]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wx9hq\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ad van Liempt, <em>Frieda. Verslag van een gelijmd leven. Herinneringen aan kamp Westerbork, </em>Hooghalen: Herinneringscentrum Kamp Westerbork, 2007, p. 7.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dvdxj\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-4\">d</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, interview Frieda Menco-Brommet, 12-februari 2010.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0mxpf\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Vanaf het school jaar 1941/1942 moesten Joodse leerlingen naar een aparte Joodse school. Zie <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/444204/joodsche-5-jarige-hbs-oorspronkelijk-mauritskade-amsterdam\">https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/444204/joodsche-5-jarige-hbs-oorspronkelijk-mauritskade-amsterdam</a> (geraadpleegd 16 september 2022); Van Liempt, <em>Frieda, </em>p. 19; AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Frieda Menco-Brommet, 12 februari 2010.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5qcuq\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 27-29.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"u5h2i\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Voor Valkenburg, zie: Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriana_Valkenburg\" target=\"_blank\">Adriana Valkenburg</a>; Marie-Cécile van Hintum, <a href=\"https://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Valkenburg\" target=\"_blank\">Valkenburg, Adriana</a>, in: <em>Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland.</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"py63y\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Frieda zou na de oorlog in het proces tegen dit echtpaar getuigen. Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 35-38, 85-87. Zie ook <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/600848/verraad\">https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/600848/verraad</a> (geraadpleegd 2 augustus 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3k5r1\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Frieda Brommet zat net als de familie Frank in strafbarak 67. Het Nederlandsche Rode Kruis (NRK), Den Haag: Kaart Frieda Brommet, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130267989?s=Frieda%20Brommet&t=2574865&p=0\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130267989?s=Frieda%20Brommet&t=2574865&p=0</a> (geraadpleegd 19 september 2022). </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dpi8s\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt, <em>Frieda,</em> p. 45-46.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xcvse\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt<em>,</em> <em>Frieda</em>, p. 51.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6097m\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Frieda Menco-Brommet, 12 februari 2010; Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 58.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oiimu\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 60-62.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7sww4\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Frieda Menco-Brommet, 12 februari -2010. Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 63-67.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r7r7t\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p.83.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b8177\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 90-91.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9jea8\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.annefrank.org/nl/over-ons/nieuws-en-pers/nieuws/2019/2/25/memoriam-frieda-menco-brommet/\">https://www.annefrank.org/nl/over-ons/nieuws-en-pers/nieuws/2019/2/25/memoriam-frieda-menco-brommet/</a> (geraadpleegd 30 augustus 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e6omf\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/362370/frieda-menco-brommet\">https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/362370/frieda-menco-brommet</a> (geraadpleegd 30 augustus 2022)</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l8dt1\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Politierapporten '40-'45, Archiefnummer 5225, inventarisnummer 6650.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hnue6\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 79-81.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9a98c\" id=\"footnote-19\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-19-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, DIenst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Rebecca Ritmeester.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>",
"content_nl": "<p>Frieda Brommet werd op <strong>11 augustus 1925</strong> in Amsterdam geboren en groeide daar op aan de Zuider-Amstellaan 74-I (nu Rooseveltlaan) in de Rivierenbuurt. Haar moeder Rebecca Ritmeester-Brommet (1897-1989) was huisvrouw; haar vader Joel (Jo) Brommet (1896-1945) was etaleur voor onder meer de Bijenkorf.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wx9hq\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Frieda ging naar de Dintelschool, op de Dintelstraat 5-7. Daarna ging ze naar de driejarige Handelsschool. Toen ze daar in de derde klas zat, brak de oorlog uit in Nederland en werd ze zich voor het eerst bewust van haar Joods-zijn. Zoals ze later vaak zou zeggen: ‘<em>Op 10 mei werd ik Joods</em>.’<sup data-footnote-id=\"dvdxj\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Onderduik en verraad</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Na de derde klas ging Frieda op de Tweede Handelsschool verder. Toen ze daar naar de vijfde klas overging, moest ze vanwege de anti-Joodse maatregelen van school en ging ze naar de speciaal voor Joodse leerlingen opgerichte HBS aan de Mauritskade.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0mxpf\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Begin <strong>juli 1942</strong> kreeg Frieda de oproep om zich te melden voor tewerkstelling. Net als Margot Frank was ze zestien jaar toen ze de oproep kreeg. Frieda’s vader kreeg het idee om te doen alsof ze roodvonk had en ging op <strong>14 juli 1942</strong> naar de <em>Zentralstelle</em> en regelde zo uitstel. Onderweg naar huis vanaf de <em>Zentralstelle</em> was er een onverwachte razzia en werd Jo Brommet net als 700 andere Joodse mensen opgepakt. Uiteindelijk wist hij te ontsnappen en besloot hij om met zijn gezin onder te duiken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5qcuq\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De familie Brommet moest voor het onderduiken grote geldbedragen betalen en kreeg te weinig te eten. In het <strong>voorjaar van 1944</strong> werd er daarom besloten een andere oplossing te zoeken. Deze kwam via de dochter van het onderduikgezin. Zij had contacten met een echtpaar dat de familie Brommet tegen betaling naar Zwitserland kon brengen. Maar na het betalen van 15.000 gulden was er geen spoor meer van het echtpaar te bekennen en viel in plaats daarvan op <strong>29 juni 1944</strong><strong> </strong>de <em>Sicherheitsdienst</em> (SD) binnen en werd de familie Brommet gearresteerd. De familie Brommet was verraden door twee beruchte infiltranten van de SD: het echtpaar Jeanne Valkenburg<sup data-footnote-id=\"nek64\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> en Joop Bom.<sup data-footnote-id=\"py63y\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Deportatie</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Frieda werd met haar vader en moeder eerst voor verhoor naar de Euterpestraat in Amsterdam gebracht. Daarna werd de familie opgesloten in de gevangenis aan de Weteringschans. Hier ontmoette Frieda de dichtster Rozette (Ronnie) Goldstein - van Cleef (1921-2008), met wie ze goed bevriend raakte. Ze hielp haar om gedichten te schrijven voor de mannen in de gevangenis.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dvdxj\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>1 juli 1944</strong> kwam Frieda aan in kamp Westerbork. Een maand later werd ook de familie Frank daar binnengebracht en ontmoetten ze elkaar in de stafbarak.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3k5r1\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> De familie Brommet en de familie Frank woonden voor de onderduiktijd dichtbij elkaar en kenden elkaar uit de buurt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dpi8s\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Net als de familie Frank kwam Frieda met haar moeder bij de batterijen te werken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xcvse\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>3 september 1944</strong> werd Frieda samen met haar ouders, net als de onderduikers uit het Achterhuis, op transport gesteld naar Auschwitz. Bij de selectie op de <em>Rampe</em> zag ze haar vader voor het laatst. Na de registratie werden de vrouwen kaalgeschoren en kregen ze een nummer op hun arm getatoeëerd. Het nummer van Frieda was A25080, dat van haar moeder A25079. Eenmaal in het kamp van Auschwitz-Birkenau moest Frieda net als haar moeder dwangarbeid verrichten. Ze sjouwden stenen van de ene kant, naar de andere kant van het kamp en weer terug. Ronnie van Cleef schreef er voor haar een gedicht over.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6097m\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Na haar aankomst in Auschwitz-Birkenau kwam Frieda Brommet al snel in het <em>Krätzeblock</em> terecht. Ronnie van Cleef was daar al opgenomen met roodvonk, Frieda raakte ook besmet en kwam met haar en de zusjes Frank in het <em>Krätzeblock</em>. De omstandigheden in het <em>Krätzeblock</em> waren slecht. Om hun dochters te helpen, groeven de moeder van Frieda Brommet en Edith Frank, geholpen door Lenie de Jong, ergens aan de zijkant van de barak een gat om eten aan de kinderen te geven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"oiimu\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup><sup> </sup>Frieda herinnerde zich hoe zij door het gat te eten kreeg:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>''En in die periode dat Ronnie en ik daar samen waren is het zo dat mijn moeder en mevrouw Frank, Edith, een soort koppel vormden. Omdat zij samen dingen hebben gestolen die ze… Ze hebben samen een gat gegraven. (…) op een dag kwam mijn moeder en die kon ook spreken door dat gat, en die zei, die riep dan: ‘Frieda! Frieda!’ (...) En zei: ‘Mevrouw Frank en ik zijn de enigen die nu hier in het kamp zijn. We hebben ons verstopt want de groep is op transport gegaan. Maar wij hebben ons verstopt, want we wilden bij jullie blijven. En we hebben wat brood gestolen en dat geef ik nu aan door het gat en dat moeten jullie maar met z’n vieren delen.’ En met z’n vieren was met Margot en Anne. (…).'<sup data-footnote-id=\"dvdxj\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>In het <em>Krätzeblock </em>werd Frieda snel nog zieker, ze kreeg tyfus, <em>Durchfall </em>(diaree) en uiteindelijk ook pleuritis. Ze kwam zo in verschillende ziekenbarakken terecht en werd herenigd met haar moeder die ook ziek was geworden. <strong>Half januari 1945</strong> werd Auschwitz ontruimd voor het naderende Sovjetleger. Frieda en haar moeder blijven in de ziekenbarak achter en werden op <strong>27 januari 1945</strong> door het Sovjetleger bevrijd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7sww4\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Na de bevrijding</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Het duurde maanden voordat Frieda hersteld was van de ziektes die ze in Auschwitz had opgelopen. Ze wijdde zich dan ook de eerste jaren na de oorlog aan haar herstel en daarnaast aan het volgen van verschillende cursussen en avondgymnasium. Ook kreeg ze werk als telefoniste dat ze liggend kon uitvoeren terwijl ze herstelde.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r7r7t\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup> in <strong>januari 1951</strong> trouwede ze met Herman Samuel Menco (1925-2002), die ook Auschwitz had overleefd. Ze kregen samen twee zoons.<sup data-footnote-id=\"b8177\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Over haar oorlogservaringen vertelde Frieda later op scholen en in interviews. Ze zei daarover: ‘<em>Wat ik vandaag de dag nog kan doen, tegen onverschilligheid en tegen onrechtvaardigheid. Dat is voor mij de basis van alles</em>.’<sup data-footnote-id=\"dvdxj\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>15 maart 2011</strong> was Frieda in het Anne Frank Huis bij de opening van de tentoonstelling <em>Margot, zus van Anne</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9jea8\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Bron persoonsgegevens.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"e6omf\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup><sup data-footnote-id=\"9jea8\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup> <em>Adressen: </em>Amsterdam, Zuider-Amstellaan 74-I (tot de zomer '42);<sup data-footnote-id=\"l8dt1\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup> Tilburg (mei-juni' 45);<sup data-footnote-id=\"hnue6\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup> Amsterdam, Henry Polaklaan 8-10 (zomer '45); Henry Polaklaan 27II (24 mrt '47).<sup data-footnote-id=\"9a98c\"><a href=\"#footnote-19\" id=\"footnote-marker-19-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[19]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wx9hq\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ad van Liempt, <em>Frieda. Verslag van een gelijmd leven. Herinneringen aan kamp Westerbork, </em>Hooghalen: Herinneringscentrum Kamp Westerbork, 2007, p. 7.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dvdxj\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-4\">d</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, interview Frieda Menco-Brommet, 12-februari 2010.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0mxpf\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Vanaf het school jaar 1941/1942 moesten Joodse leerlingen naar een aparte Joodse school. Zie <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/444204/joodsche-5-jarige-hbs-oorspronkelijk-mauritskade-amsterdam\">https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/444204/joodsche-5-jarige-hbs-oorspronkelijk-mauritskade-amsterdam</a> (geraadpleegd 16 september 2022); Van Liempt, <em>Frieda, </em>p. 19; AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Frieda Menco-Brommet, 12 februari 2010.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5qcuq\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 27-29.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nek64\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Voor Valkenburg, zie: Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriana_Valkenburg\" target=\"_blank\">Adriana Valkenburg</a>; Marie-Cécile van Hintum, <a href=\"https://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Valkenburg\" target=\"_blank\">Valkenburg, Adriana</a>, in: <em>Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland.</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"py63y\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Frieda zou na de oorlog in het proces tegen dit echtpaar getuigen. Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 35-38, 85-87. Zie ook <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/600848/verraad\">https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/600848/verraad</a> (geraadpleegd 2 augustus 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3k5r1\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Frieda Brommet zat net als de familie Frank in strafbarak 67. Het Nederlandsche Rode Kruis (NRK), Den Haag: Kaart Frieda Brommet, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130267989?s=Frieda%20Brommet&t=2574865&p=0\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130267989?s=Frieda%20Brommet&t=2574865&p=0</a> (geraadpleegd 19 september 2022). </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dpi8s\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt, <em>Frieda,</em> p. 45-46.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xcvse\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt<em>,</em> <em>Frieda</em>, p. 51.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6097m\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Frieda Menco-Brommet, 12 februari 2010; Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 58.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oiimu\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 60-62.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7sww4\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Frieda Menco-Brommet, 12 februari -2010. Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 63-67.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r7r7t\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p.83.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b8177\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 90-91.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9jea8\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.annefrank.org/nl/over-ons/nieuws-en-pers/nieuws/2019/2/25/memoriam-frieda-menco-brommet/\">https://www.annefrank.org/nl/over-ons/nieuws-en-pers/nieuws/2019/2/25/memoriam-frieda-menco-brommet/</a> (geraadpleegd 30 augustus 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e6omf\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/362370/frieda-menco-brommet\">https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/362370/frieda-menco-brommet</a> (geraadpleegd 30 augustus 2022)</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l8dt1\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Politierapporten '40-'45, Archiefnummer 5225, inventarisnummer 6650.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hnue6\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 79-81.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9a98c\" id=\"footnote-19\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-19-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, DIenst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Rebecca Ritmeester.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>",
"content_en": "<p>Frieda Brommet was born on <strong>11 August 1925</strong> in Amsterdam, where she grew up at Zuider-Amstellaan 74-I (now Rooseveltlaan) in the Rivierenbuurt neighbourhood. Her mother Rebecca Ritmeester-Brommet (1897-1989) was a housewife; her father Joel (Jo) Brommet (1896-1945) was a window dresser for De Bijenkorf, among others.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wx9hq\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Frieda went to the Dintel School, at 5-7 Dintelstraat. After that, she went to the three-year Trade School. When she was in the third grade there, the war broke out in the Netherlands and she became aware of her Jewishness for the first time. As she would often say later: "On 10 May, I became Jewish."<sup data-footnote-id=\"dvdxj\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Hiding and betrayal</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>After the third grade, Frieda continued at the Secondary Trade School. When she transferred there to the fifth grade, she had to leave school because of anti-Jewish measures and went to the HBS School on Mauritskade, which was specially set up for Jewish students.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0mxpf\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In early <strong>July 1942,</strong> Frieda received a call-up to report for labour. Like Margot Frank, she was 16 when she received the call-up. Frieda's father got the idea of faking scarlet fever and went to the <em>Zentralstelle</em> on <strong>14 July 1942</strong>, arranging a postponement. On the way home from the <em>Zentralstelle</em>, there was an unexpected raid and Jo Brommet was rounded up, along with 700 other Jewish people. He eventually managed to escape and decided to go into hiding with his family.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5qcuq\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Brommet family had to pay large sums of money for hiding and were not given enough to eat. In the <strong>spring of 1944</strong>, it was therefore decided to find another solution. This came through the daughter of the family hiding them. She had contacts with a couple who could take the Brommet family to Switzerland for a fee. But after paying 15,000 guilders, there was no trace of the couple and instead, on <strong>29 June 1944</strong>, the <em>Sicherheitsdienst</em> (SD) raided the house and the Brommet family was arrested. The Brommet family had been betrayed by two notorious SD infiltrators: married couple Jeanne Valkenburg<sup data-footnote-id=\"u5h2i\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> and Joop Bom.<sup data-footnote-id=\"py63y\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Deportation</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Frieda was first taken with her father and mother to Euterpestraat in Amsterdam for interrogation. The family was then detained in the prison on Weteringschans. Here Frieda met the poet Rozette (Ronnie) Goldstein-van Cleef (1921-2008), with whom she became good friends. She helped her write poems for the men in prison.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dvdxj\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>1 July 1944,</strong> Frieda arrived at Camp Westerbork. A month later, the Frank family was also brought there and they met in the staff barracks.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3k5r1\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Before going into hiding, the Brommet family and the Frank family lived close together and knew each other from the neighbourhood.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dpi8s\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Like the Frank family, Frieda and her mother were put to work on the batteries.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xcvse\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>3 September 1944,</strong> Frieda was put on a transport to Auschwitz with her parents, like the people from the Secret Annex. At the selection at the <em>Rampe</em>, she saw her father for the last time. After registration, the women were shaved bald and had a number tattooed on their arm. Frieda's number was A25080, her mother's A25079. Once in the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp, Frieda, like her mother, had to perform forced labour. They lugged stones from one side of the camp to the other side, and back again. Ronnie van Cleef wrote a poem for her about it.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6097m\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>After her arrival in Auschwitz-Birkenau, Frieda Brommet soon found herself in the <em>Krätzeblock</em>. Ronnie van Cleef had already been admitted there with scarlet fever; Frieda also became infected and was put in the <em>Krätzeblock</em> with her and the Frank sisters. Conditions in the <em>Krätzeblock</em> were bad. To help their daughters, Frieda Brommet and Edith Frank's mother, and helped by Lenie de Jong, dug a hole somewhere along the side of the hut to give food to the children.<sup data-footnote-id=\"oiimu\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup><sup> </sup>Frieda recalled how she was fed through the hole:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>''And during that period when Ronnie and I were there together, the thing is that my mother and Mrs Frank, Edith, formed a kind of couple. Because together they stole things they ... They dug a hole together. (...) One day my mother came and she could also speak through that hole, and she said, she would shout, 'Frieda! Frieda!' (...) And said: 'Mrs Frank and I are the only ones here in the camp now. We have been hiding because the group has been put on a transport. But we hid because we wanted to stay with you. And we stole some bread and I am giving it to you now through the hole and you have to share it between the four of you.' And that four was with Margot and Anne (...).'<sup data-footnote-id=\"dvdxj\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>In the <em>Krätzeblock</em>, Frieda soon became even sicker, contracting typhus fever, <em>Durchfall </em>(diarrhoea) and eventually pleurisy. She thus ended up in several infirmary huts and was reunited with her mother who had also fallen ill. <strong>In mid-January 1945,</strong> Auschwitz was cleared for the approaching Soviet army. Frieda and her mother remained in the infirmary hut and were liberated by the Soviet army on <strong>27 January 1945</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"7sww4\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>After liberation</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>It took Frieda months to recover from the illnesses she contracted in Auschwitz. She therefore devoted the first years after the war to her recovery, as well as attending various courses and evening grammar school. She also got work as a telephone operator, which she could perform lying down while recovering.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r7r7t\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup> In <strong>January 1951</strong>, she married Herman Samuel Menco (1925-2002), who had also survived Auschwitz. They had two sons together.<sup data-footnote-id=\"b8177\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Frieda later recounted her war experiences in schools and in interviews. She said about this: "<em>What I can still do today, against indifference and against injustice. For me, that is the basis of everything.</em>"<sup data-footnote-id=\"dvdxj\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>15 March 2011</strong>, Frieda was at the Anne Frank House for the opening of the exhibition <em>Margot, sister of Anne</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9jea8\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"e6omf\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup><sup data-footnote-id=\"9jea8\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup> <em>Addresses: </em>Amsterdam, Zuider-Amstellaan 74-I (until summer '42);<sup data-footnote-id=\"l8dt1\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup> Tilburg (May-June '45);<sup data-footnote-id=\"hnue6\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup> Amsterdam, Henry Polaklaan 8-10 (summer '45); Henry Polaklaan 27II (24 Mar '47).<sup data-footnote-id=\"9a98c\"><a href=\"#footnote-19\" id=\"footnote-marker-19-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[19]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wx9hq\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ad van Liempt, <em>Frieda. Verslag van een gelijmd leven. Herinneringen aan kamp Westerbork, </em>Hooghalen: Herinneringscentrum Kamp Westerbork, 2007, p. 7.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dvdxj\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-4\">d</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, interview Frieda Menco-Brommet, 12-februari 2010.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0mxpf\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Vanaf het school jaar 1941/1942 moesten Joodse leerlingen naar een aparte Joodse school. Zie <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/444204/joodsche-5-jarige-hbs-oorspronkelijk-mauritskade-amsterdam\">https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/444204/joodsche-5-jarige-hbs-oorspronkelijk-mauritskade-amsterdam</a> (geraadpleegd 16 september 2022); Van Liempt, <em>Frieda, </em>p. 19; AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Frieda Menco-Brommet, 12 februari 2010.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5qcuq\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 27-29.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"u5h2i\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Voor Valkenburg, zie: Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriana_Valkenburg\" target=\"_blank\">Adriana Valkenburg</a>; Marie-Cécile van Hintum, <a href=\"https://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Valkenburg\" target=\"_blank\">Valkenburg, Adriana</a>, in: <em>Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland.</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"py63y\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Frieda zou na de oorlog in het proces tegen dit echtpaar getuigen. Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 35-38, 85-87. Zie ook <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/600848/verraad\">https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/600848/verraad</a> (geraadpleegd 2 augustus 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3k5r1\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Frieda Brommet zat net als de familie Frank in strafbarak 67. Het Nederlandsche Rode Kruis (NRK), Den Haag: Kaart Frieda Brommet, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130267989?s=Frieda%20Brommet&t=2574865&p=0\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/person/130267989?s=Frieda%20Brommet&t=2574865&p=0</a> (geraadpleegd 19 september 2022). </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dpi8s\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt, <em>Frieda,</em> p. 45-46.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xcvse\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt<em>,</em> <em>Frieda</em>, p. 51.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6097m\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Frieda Menco-Brommet, 12 februari 2010; Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 58.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oiimu\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 60-62.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7sww4\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Frieda Menco-Brommet, 12 februari -2010. Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 63-67.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r7r7t\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p.83.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b8177\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 90-91.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9jea8\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.annefrank.org/nl/over-ons/nieuws-en-pers/nieuws/2019/2/25/memoriam-frieda-menco-brommet/\">https://www.annefrank.org/nl/over-ons/nieuws-en-pers/nieuws/2019/2/25/memoriam-frieda-menco-brommet/</a> (geraadpleegd 30 augustus 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e6omf\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/362370/frieda-menco-brommet\">https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/362370/frieda-menco-brommet</a> (geraadpleegd 30 augustus 2022)</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l8dt1\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Politierapporten '40-'45, Archiefnummer 5225, inventarisnummer 6650.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hnue6\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Van Liempt, <em>Frieda</em>, p. 79-81.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9a98c\" id=\"footnote-19\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-19-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, DIenst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Rebecca Ritmeester.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>",
"birth_date": "1925-08-11",
"death_date": "2019-02-22",
"gender": "female",
"birth_place": "Amsterdam",
"birth_country": "Nederland",
"death_place": "Amsterdam",
"death_country": "Nederland",
"summary": "Frieda Brommet knew the Frank family from the neighbourhood and had contact with them in the various concentration camps. Together with Anne and Margot Frank, she spent some time in the scabies barrack in Auschwitz.",
"summary_nl": "Frieda Brommet kende de familie Frank uit de buurt en had contact met hen in verschillende concentratiekampen. Samen met Anne en Margot Frank lag ze enige tijd in de Schurftbarak in Auschwitz.",
"summary_en": "Frieda Brommet knew the Frank family from the neighbourhood and had contact with them in the various concentration camps. Together with Anne and Margot Frank, she spent some time in the scabies barrack in Auschwitz.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
