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"id": 2049,
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/f5df9355-f5f5-4c81-ae21-e25305f0046a/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/2f953762-15f3-4feb-b405-3e6663a0db05?format=api"
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"published": true,
"uuid": "f5df9355-f5f5-4c81-ae21-e25305f0046a",
"first_name": "Nanette",
"last_name": "Konig - Blitz",
"infix": "",
"title": "Nanny Konig - Blitz",
"title_nl": "Nanny Konig - Blitz",
"title_en": "Nanny Konig - Blitz",
"content": "<p>Nanny Blitz<sup data-footnote-id=\"44h9w\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> was a classmate of Anne Frank at the Jewish Lyceum<sup data-footnote-id=\"825zg\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> and former prisoner of Bergen-Belsen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"125t9\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The Blitz family was on the so-called Palestine list. This list included Jews who had been granted a deferral of deportation for various reasons and who had been promised that they would be considered for emigration to Palestine. This group ended up in the Sternlager of Bergen-Belsen camp in <strong>January 1944</strong>, to be exchanged with German prisoners of war and other Germans in Allied captivity. In the end, only a very small number of these prisoners would actually be exchanged. These included 'Portuguese Jews' (who had made an unsuccessful attempt to prove that they were racially different from East European Jews) and others who had been given special treatment on the grounds of social position or citizenship: Jews with a passport from a neutral state, members of the Jewish Council and the so-called 'Barneveld Group'. In the case of Nanny's father, his inclusion on this list was probably connected to his job at the Amsterdam bank. In <strong>September 1943</strong> they were put on a separate Palestine list.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tj6va\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>At the end of <strong>November 1944</strong>, Nanny's father died in Bergen-Belsen. His family lost their place on the Palestine list as a result. Nanny's brother Bernard was taken to Oranienburg in January, where he died in <strong>March 1945</strong>. Their mother Helene was deported to the salt mines in Beendorf in January, and was sent on to Eideltedt on <strong>10 March</strong>. There she died a day after arrival. Helmstedt-Beendorf was an 'Aussenlager' of camp Neuengamme. The approximately 2,500 female prisoners worked in this camp for the German Luftwaffe on the underground production of ammunition, aircraft parts and V1 and V2 rockets. The prisoners had to work about 425-465 metres underground.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8jz96\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> On <strong>10 April 1945</strong>, Beendorf was evacuated. The prisoners were put on a train to Hamburg. Female prisoners arrived in Hamburg after a long and terrible train journey through Germany (a large number of women died of hunger and thirst), from where they were spread out among various sub-camps. Nanette's mother ended up in the Eidelstedt sub-camp, where she died a day after arrival. Almost all of the prisoners who were still alive at the time managed to board a Red Cross train on <strong>1 May</strong> that travelled from Hamburg via Denmark to Sweden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4yrkl\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nanny remained in Bergen-Belsen and was transferred from the 'Sternlager' to the women's camp on <strong>5 December 1944</strong>, where she saw Anne and Margot again. Although she was in a different block, she met Anne and Margot a number of times. Margot, in particular, was already seriously weakened by then.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nanette Blitz recalled:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>"I don't think I saw Margot standing up. She was lying there. I hugged Anne, but I don't remember Margot standing, she was already completely weakened. And everything had shrunk, brains, stomachs, everything, they were, she was all... and I hardly ever spoke to her. She was already half gone, completely weakened... But Anne I did talk to, several times, and I think every time she came, Margot was lying there in a shed, she wasn't so well any more."<sup data-footnote-id=\"125t9\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>She also said that she had seen Anne and Margot shortly before they died:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>"When I found Anne and Margot in Camp 8, that was the original Camp 8, which was then a women's camp, [...] they were both skeletons and I, I know about Anne that she was wrapped in a blanket. Margot I can't remember if she was also wrapped in a blanket, but she was also very weak, completely, well, consumed so to speak. And maybe she was wrapped in a blanket too, the clothes were impossible to wear because they were full of lice."<sup data-footnote-id=\"125t9\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>Nanette Blitz survived Bergen-Belsen and first returned to the Netherlands. In October Otto Frank heard from Hanneli Goslar that Nanny had seen Anne and Margot in Bergen-Belsen. He wrote her a letter asking if she could tell him more about his daughters. On <strong>31 October 1945</strong>, from the Provincial Hospital in Santpoort, she gave him a brief report. She wrote that she had seen Anne and Margot in <strong>January 1945</strong> in the Schonungsblock — the infirmary block: "Then there was a big move after which I did not speak to them anymore, but I know from the girl here that someone spoke to them in February."<sup data-footnote-id=\"s07o7\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Shortly after her letter, Nanny received a visit from Otto Frank at the Provincial Hospital in Santpoort, where she told him more about his daughters. Annelore Daniel, 'the girl' Nanny mentioned, was also in the hospital at the time and she added to Nanny's story.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8cr6z\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>After the war Nanny Blitz went to England, where she met her future husband John Konig. In <strong>1953 </strong>they married and emigrated to Brazil. Nanny Blitz regularly gives lectures thereabout the Holocaust. In <strong>2015 </strong>she published her memoirs in Portuguese.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tcn33\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> The Dutch translation appeared in <strong>2017</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"726pq\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"m8um2\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> <em>Address: </em>Van Baerlestraat 58 huis, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m8um2\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"44h9w\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://Zie https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanette_Blitz_Konig (geraadpleegd 18 augustus 2023).\" target=\"_blank\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanette_Blitz_Konig</a> (geraadpleegd 18 augustus 2023).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"825zg\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 15 June 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"125t9\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief: Interview Nanette Konig-Blitz, 2 augustus 2012. Zie ook: Bas von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen, </em>Amsterdam: Boom, 2020, p. 48, 54, 242-243, 255,257, 267, 313.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tj6va\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie hiervoor o.a. Katja Happe, <em>Veel valse hoop. De Jodenvervolging in Nederland 1940-1945, </em>Amsterdam: Atlas Contact, 2018, p. 281-284; Nikolaus Wachsmann, <em>KL. Een geschiedenis van de naziconcentratiekampen</em>, Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij, 2015, p. 469-472.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8jz96\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie: <a href=\"https://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de/geschichte/kz-aussenlager/aussenlagerliste/helmstedt-beendorf-frauen/\">https://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de/geschichte/kz-aussenlager/aussenlagerliste/helmstedt-beendorf-frauen/</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4yrkl\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de/geschichte/kz-aussenlager/aussenlagerliste/helmstedt-beendorf-frauen/\">https://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de/geschichte/kz-aussenlager/aussenlagerliste/helmstedt-beendorf-frauen/</a> en <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/161487/helene-victoria-blitz-davids\">https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/161487/helene-victoria-blitz-davids</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"s07o7\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Blitz, Nanette: brief Nanette Blitz aan Otto Frank, 31 oktober 1945 (digitale kopie, origineel bij Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8cr6z\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie ook: Von Benda-Beckmann<em>, Na het Achterhuis</em>, p. 267.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tcn33\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nanette Konig-Blitz, <em>Eu sobrevivi ao holocausto : o comovente relato de uma das ultimas amigas vivas de Anne Frank</em>, São Paulo: Universo dos Livores, 2015.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"726pq\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nanette Konig-Blitz, <em>Ik overleefde de Holocaust</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2017. Nanny Blitz is één van de vriendinnen van Anne Frank die wordt geportretteerd in: Janny van der Molen, <em>Vergeet mij niet. Anne Franks vrienden en vriendinnen</em>, Amsterdam: Ploegsma, 2022.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"m8um2\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart M.W. Blitz.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Nanny Blitz<sup data-footnote-id=\"95t0a\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> was een klasgenoot van Anne Frank op het Joods Lyceum<sup data-footnote-id=\"825zg\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> en oud-gevangene van Bergen-Belsen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"125t9\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> De familie Blitz stond op de zogenaamde Palestina-lijst. Hierop stonden Joden die om verschillende redenen uitstel van deportatie hadden gekregen en aan wie was beloofd dat zij in aanmerking zouden komen voor emigratie naar Palestina. Deze groep kwam in <strong>januari 1944</strong> in het <em>Sternlager</em> van kamp Bergen-Belsen terecht, om te worden uitgewisseld met Duitse krijgsgevangenen en andere Duitsers in geallieerde gevangenschap. Uiteindelijk zou maar een zeer klein aantal van deze gevangenen daadwerkelijk worden uitgeruild. Het ging hier o.a. om ‘Portugese Joden’ (die een vergeefse poging hadden ondernomen om te bewijzen dat zij raciaal van de Oost-Europese joden verschilden) en anderen die op grond van maatschappelijke positie of staatsburgerschap een uitzonderingspositie hadden gekregen: Joden met een paspoort van een neutrale staat, leden van de Joodse Raad en de zgn ‘Barneveld Groep’. In het geval van Nanny’s vader hing zijn plaatsing op deze lijst vermoedelijk samen met zijn baan bij de Amsterdamse bank. In <strong>september 1943</strong> kwamen zij op een aparte Palestina-lijst.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tj6va\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Eind <strong>november 1944</strong> stierf Nanny’s vader in Bergen-Belsen. Zijn familie verloor hierop de plek op de Palestina-lijst. Nanny's broer Bernard kwam in januari naar in Oranienburg terecht waar hij in <strong>maart 1945</strong> omkwam. Hun moeder Helene wordt in januari gedeporteerd naar de zoutmijnen in Beendorf, en werd op <strong>10 maart</strong> doorgestuurd naar Eideltedt. Daar stierf ze een dag na aankomst. Helmstedt-Beendorf was een <em>Aussenlager</em> van kamp Neuengamme. De ca. 2500 vrouwelijke gevangenen werkten in dit kamp voor de Duitse Lufwaffe aan de ondergrondse productie van munitie, vliegtuigonderdelen en V1 en V2 raketten. De gevangenen moesten ca. 425-465 meter onder de grond werken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8jz96\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Op <strong>10 april 1945</strong> werd Beendorf ontruimd. De gevangenen werden op een trein naar Hamburg gezet. Vrouwelijke gevangenen kwamen via een lange en verschrikkelijke treinreis door Duitsland (een groot aantal vrouwen kwam om van honger en dorst) in Hamburg aan, van waaruit zij over verschillende buitenkampen werden verdeeld. Nanette’s moeder kwam terecht in buitenkamp Eidelstedt, waar zij een dag na aankomst overleed. De gevangenen die op dat moment nog in leven waren, wisten bijna allemaal op <strong>1 mei</strong> mee te komen met een trein van het Rode Kruis die van Hamburg via Denemarken naar Zweden kwam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4yrkl\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nanny bleef in Bergen-Belsen en werd in op <strong>5 december 1944</strong> overgeplaatst van het Sternlager naar het vrouwenkamp, waar ze Anne en Margot weer terugzag. Hoewel ze in een andere barak verbleef, ontmoette ze Anne en Margot een aantal keer. Vooral Margot was op dat moment al ernstig verzwakt.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nanette Blitz herinnerde zich hierover<em>:</em></p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>‘Ik geloof dat ik Margot niet staande heb gezien. Dat ze daar lag. Anne heb ik omhelsd, maar Margot kan ik me staande niet herinneren, die was al helemaal verzwakt. En alles kromp in he, hersenen, magen, alle he, ze waren, ze was helemaal... en daar heb ik eigenlijk vrijwel niet mee gesproken. Die was al zo half weg, helemaal verzwakt... Maar Anne, daar heb ik wel mee gesproken, verschillende keren, en ik geloof iedere keer als ze kwam dan was, lag Margot daar in een barak, die was niet meer zo goed bij’.<sup data-footnote-id=\"125t9\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>Ook vertelde ze dat ze Anne en Margot kort voor hun overlijden nog had gezien:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>'Toen ik Anne en Margot gevonden had in kamp 8, dat was het originele kamp 8, dat was toen een vrouwenkamp, [...] toen waren ze alle twee geraamtes en ik, ik weet van Anne dat ze in een deken gewikkeld was. Margot kan ik me niet herinneren of ze ook in een deken gewikkeld was, maar ze was ook al heel zwak, helemaal, nou ja, verteerd om zo te zeggen. En misschien was ze ook in een deken gewikkeld, de kleren waren onmogelijk om te dragen want die waren vol met luizen.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"125t9\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>Nanette Blitz overleefde Bergen-Belsen en keerde eerst terug naar Nederland. In oktober hoorde Otto Frank van Hanneli Goslar dat Nanny Anne en Margot nog in Bergen-Belsen had gezien. Hij schreef haar een briefje met de vraag of ze hem meer kon vertellen over zijn dochters. Op <strong>31 oktober 1945</strong> antwoordde ze hem vanuit het Provinciaal Ziekenhuis in Santpoort een beknopt verslag. Ze schreef dat ze Anne en Margot in <strong>januari 1945</strong> nog in het Schonungsblock – de ziekenbarak- had gezien: ‘Toen kwam er een grote verhuizing waarna ik hen niet meer gesproken heb, doch ik weet echter, van ’t meisje hier dat iemand hen in februari nog gesproken heeft.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"s07o7\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Kort na haar brief kreeg Nanny bezoek van Otto Frank in het Provinciaals Ziekenhuis in Santpoort, waarbij zij hem hem verder over zijn dochters vertelde. Ook Annelore Daniel, ‘het meisje’ waarover Nanny schreeft, lag op dat moment in het ziekenhuis en zij vulde het verhaal van Nanny verder aan.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8cr6z\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nanny Blitz ging na de oorlog naar Engeland, waar ze haar latere echtgenoot John Konig leerde kennen. In <strong>1953</strong> trouwden zij en emigreerden na naar Brazilië. Hier geeft Nanny Blitz regelmatig lezingen over de Holocaust. In <strong>2015</strong> publiceerde ze haar memoires in het Portugees.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tcn33\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> In <strong>2017</strong> verscheen de Nederlandse vertaling.<sup data-footnote-id=\"726pq\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Bron persoonsgegevens</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m8um2\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> <em>Adres</em>: Van Baerlestraat 58 huis, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m8um2\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"95t0a\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://Zie https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanette_Blitz_Konig (geraadpleegd 18 augustus 2023).\" target=\"_blank\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanette_Blitz_Konig</a> (geraadpleegd 18 augustus 2023).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"825zg\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 15 juni 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"125t9\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief: Interview Nanette Konig-Blitz, 2 augustus 2012. Zie ook: Bas von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen, </em>Amsterdam: Boom, 2020, p. 48, 54, 242-243, 255,257, 267, 313.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tj6va\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie hiervoor o.a. Katja Happe, <em>Veel valse hoop. De Jodenvervolging in Nederland 1940-1945, </em>Amsterdam: Atlas Contact, 2018, p. 281-284; Nikolaus Wachsmann, <em>KL. Een geschiedenis van de naziconcentratiekampen</em>, Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij, 2015, p. 469-472.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8jz96\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie: <a href=\"https://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de/geschichte/kz-aussenlager/aussenlagerliste/helmstedt-beendorf-frauen/\">https://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de/geschichte/kz-aussenlager/aussenlagerliste/helmstedt-beendorf-frauen/</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4yrkl\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de/geschichte/kz-aussenlager/aussenlagerliste/helmstedt-beendorf-frauen/\">https://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de/geschichte/kz-aussenlager/aussenlagerliste/helmstedt-beendorf-frauen/</a> en <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/161487/helene-victoria-blitz-davids\">https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/161487/helene-victoria-blitz-davids</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"s07o7\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Blitz, Nanette: brief Nanette Blitz aan Otto Frank, 31 oktober 1945 (digitale kopie, origineel bij Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8cr6z\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie ook: Von Benda-Beckmann<em>, Na het Achterhuis</em>, p. 267.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tcn33\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nanette Konig-Blitz, <em>Eu sobrevivi ao holocausto : o comovente relato de uma das ultimas amigas vivas de Anne Frank</em>, São Paulo: Universo dos Livores, 2015.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"726pq\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nanette Konig-Blitz, <em>Ik overleefde de Holocaust</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2017. Nanny Blitz is één van de vriendinnen van Anne Frank die wordt geportretteerd in: Janny van der Molen, <em>Vergeet mij niet. Anne Franks vrienden en vriendinnen</em>, Amsterdam: Ploegsma, 2022.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"m8um2\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart M.W. Blitz.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Nanny Blitz<sup data-footnote-id=\"44h9w\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> was a classmate of Anne Frank at the Jewish Lyceum<sup data-footnote-id=\"825zg\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> and former prisoner of Bergen-Belsen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"125t9\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The Blitz family was on the so-called Palestine list. This list included Jews who had been granted a deferral of deportation for various reasons and who had been promised that they would be considered for emigration to Palestine. This group ended up in the Sternlager of Bergen-Belsen camp in <strong>January 1944</strong>, to be exchanged with German prisoners of war and other Germans in Allied captivity. In the end, only a very small number of these prisoners would actually be exchanged. These included 'Portuguese Jews' (who had made an unsuccessful attempt to prove that they were racially different from East European Jews) and others who had been given special treatment on the grounds of social position or citizenship: Jews with a passport from a neutral state, members of the Jewish Council and the so-called 'Barneveld Group'. In the case of Nanny's father, his inclusion on this list was probably connected to his job at the Amsterdam bank. In <strong>September 1943</strong> they were put on a separate Palestine list.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tj6va\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>At the end of <strong>November 1944</strong>, Nanny's father died in Bergen-Belsen. His family lost their place on the Palestine list as a result. Nanny's brother Bernard was taken to Oranienburg in January, where he died in <strong>March 1945</strong>. Their mother Helene was deported to the salt mines in Beendorf in January, and was sent on to Eideltedt on <strong>10 March</strong>. There she died a day after arrival. Helmstedt-Beendorf was an 'Aussenlager' of camp Neuengamme. The approximately 2,500 female prisoners worked in this camp for the German Luftwaffe on the underground production of ammunition, aircraft parts and V1 and V2 rockets. The prisoners had to work about 425-465 metres underground.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8jz96\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> On <strong>10 April 1945</strong>, Beendorf was evacuated. The prisoners were put on a train to Hamburg. Female prisoners arrived in Hamburg after a long and terrible train journey through Germany (a large number of women died of hunger and thirst), from where they were spread out among various sub-camps. Nanette's mother ended up in the Eidelstedt sub-camp, where she died a day after arrival. Almost all of the prisoners who were still alive at the time managed to board a Red Cross train on <strong>1 May</strong> that travelled from Hamburg via Denmark to Sweden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4yrkl\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nanny remained in Bergen-Belsen and was transferred from the 'Sternlager' to the women's camp on <strong>5 December 1944</strong>, where she saw Anne and Margot again. Although she was in a different block, she met Anne and Margot a number of times. Margot, in particular, was already seriously weakened by then.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nanette Blitz recalled:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>"I don't think I saw Margot standing up. She was lying there. I hugged Anne, but I don't remember Margot standing, she was already completely weakened. And everything had shrunk, brains, stomachs, everything, they were, she was all... and I hardly ever spoke to her. She was already half gone, completely weakened... But Anne I did talk to, several times, and I think every time she came, Margot was lying there in a shed, she wasn't so well any more."<sup data-footnote-id=\"125t9\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>She also said that she had seen Anne and Margot shortly before they died:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>"When I found Anne and Margot in Camp 8, that was the original Camp 8, which was then a women's camp, [...] they were both skeletons and I, I know about Anne that she was wrapped in a blanket. Margot I can't remember if she was also wrapped in a blanket, but she was also very weak, completely, well, consumed so to speak. And maybe she was wrapped in a blanket too, the clothes were impossible to wear because they were full of lice."<sup data-footnote-id=\"125t9\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>Nanette Blitz survived Bergen-Belsen and first returned to the Netherlands. In October Otto Frank heard from Hanneli Goslar that Nanny had seen Anne and Margot in Bergen-Belsen. He wrote her a letter asking if she could tell him more about his daughters. On <strong>31 October 1945</strong>, from the Provincial Hospital in Santpoort, she gave him a brief report. She wrote that she had seen Anne and Margot in <strong>January 1945</strong> in the Schonungsblock — the infirmary block: "Then there was a big move after which I did not speak to them anymore, but I know from the girl here that someone spoke to them in February."<sup data-footnote-id=\"s07o7\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Shortly after her letter, Nanny received a visit from Otto Frank at the Provincial Hospital in Santpoort, where she told him more about his daughters. Annelore Daniel, 'the girl' Nanny mentioned, was also in the hospital at the time and she added to Nanny's story.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8cr6z\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>After the war Nanny Blitz went to England, where she met her future husband John Konig. In <strong>1953 </strong>they married and emigrated to Brazil. Nanny Blitz regularly gives lectures thereabout the Holocaust. In <strong>2015 </strong>she published her memoirs in Portuguese.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tcn33\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> The Dutch translation appeared in <strong>2017</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"726pq\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"m8um2\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> <em>Address: </em>Van Baerlestraat 58 huis, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m8um2\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"44h9w\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://Zie https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanette_Blitz_Konig (geraadpleegd 18 augustus 2023).\" target=\"_blank\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanette_Blitz_Konig</a> (geraadpleegd 18 augustus 2023).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"825zg\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 15 June 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"125t9\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief: Interview Nanette Konig-Blitz, 2 augustus 2012. Zie ook: Bas von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen, </em>Amsterdam: Boom, 2020, p. 48, 54, 242-243, 255,257, 267, 313.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tj6va\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie hiervoor o.a. Katja Happe, <em>Veel valse hoop. De Jodenvervolging in Nederland 1940-1945, </em>Amsterdam: Atlas Contact, 2018, p. 281-284; Nikolaus Wachsmann, <em>KL. Een geschiedenis van de naziconcentratiekampen</em>, Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij, 2015, p. 469-472.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8jz96\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie: <a href=\"https://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de/geschichte/kz-aussenlager/aussenlagerliste/helmstedt-beendorf-frauen/\">https://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de/geschichte/kz-aussenlager/aussenlagerliste/helmstedt-beendorf-frauen/</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4yrkl\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de/geschichte/kz-aussenlager/aussenlagerliste/helmstedt-beendorf-frauen/\">https://www.kz-gedenkstaette-neuengamme.de/geschichte/kz-aussenlager/aussenlagerliste/helmstedt-beendorf-frauen/</a> en <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/161487/helene-victoria-blitz-davids\">https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/161487/helene-victoria-blitz-davids</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"s07o7\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Blitz, Nanette: brief Nanette Blitz aan Otto Frank, 31 oktober 1945 (digitale kopie, origineel bij Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8cr6z\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie ook: Von Benda-Beckmann<em>, Na het Achterhuis</em>, p. 267.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tcn33\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nanette Konig-Blitz, <em>Eu sobrevivi ao holocausto : o comovente relato de uma das ultimas amigas vivas de Anne Frank</em>, São Paulo: Universo dos Livores, 2015.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"726pq\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nanette Konig-Blitz, <em>Ik overleefde de Holocaust</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2017. Nanny Blitz is één van de vriendinnen van Anne Frank die wordt geportretteerd in: Janny van der Molen, <em>Vergeet mij niet. Anne Franks vrienden en vriendinnen</em>, Amsterdam: Ploegsma, 2022.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"m8um2\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart M.W. Blitz.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"birth_date": "1929-04-06",
"death_date": null,
"gender": "female",
"birth_place": "Amsterdam",
"birth_country": "Nederland",
"death_place": "",
"death_country": "",
"summary": "Nanny Blitz was a classmate of Anne Frank at the Jewish Lyceum. They met again in Bergen-Belsen.",
"summary_nl": "Nanny Blitz was een klasgenoot van Anne Frank op het Joods Lyceum. Zij ontmoetten elkaar opnieuw in Bergen-Belsen.",
"summary_en": "Nanny Blitz was a classmate of Anne Frank at the Jewish Lyceum. They met again in Bergen-Belsen.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}