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{
"id": 87,
"image": {
"id": 996,
"uuid": "8ce1955b-a2be-43a9-8f77-5cc38645d17b",
"name": "Meisjesboeken",
"title": "Boeken",
"alt": "Fotograaf: Allard Bovenberg. Collectie: Anne Frank Stichting.",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/Meisjesboeken.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "De tijd in het Achterhuis werd deels gedood met lezen.",
"author": "De collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek",
"copyright": "AFS rechthebbende"
},
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/5348ff5b-9b30-463a-930c-cb10a5cad3f7/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "5348ff5b-9b30-463a-930c-cb10a5cad3f7",
"name": "Reading in the Secret Annex",
"name_nl": "Lezen in het Achterhuis",
"name_en": "Reading in the Secret Annex",
"description": "<p>One of the pastimes on which the people in the Secret Annex spent their time was reading. There was initially a clear distinction between the adults and the children; several books were considered unsuitable for the young. Attitudes changed and the children grew up, as a result of which this naturally became less of a problem. Furthermore, the selection of books for children was closely linked to the aim of preventing the children falling behind at school. Specific issues around the learning theme were addressed in more detail with this. The reading material consisted of books brought to the Secret Annex by the people in hiding and books provided by the helpers. Johannes Kleiman brought books belonging to him and his daughter.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ubave\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Jan Gies regularly took books from the C.O.M.O. reading library of his friend and former colleague Jacob Licht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xl0um\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The first entries in the diary about books are from <strong>14 June 1942</strong> and therefore predate the hiding period. Anne writes about the books she received for her birthday. These included the two volumes of <em>Nederlandsche Sagen en Legenden </em>('Dutch Sagas and Legends') by Josef Cohen. She gave volume 1 to a neighbour girl before she went into hiding, who gave it to the Anne Frank House seventy years later. This reunited the two volumes for the first time since <strong>1942</strong>. Over time, Anne's reading gradually became more mature.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0cdeb\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Parental and other supervision</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>September '42</strong>, Kleiman brought a book that sparked a minor controversy in the Secret Annex. It was a book<em> 'from the previous war</em> ' and because, according to Anne, it was<em> 'very freely written' </em>, Peter and Margot were not allowed to read the trilogy in question.<sup data-footnote-id=\"b2uue\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> According to Anne, the book's theme was a<em> 'women's topic</em> '.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ebvhw\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> According to the characteristics that Anne noted - a book from the time of the First World War, with a women's subject, '<em>freely written</em> ' - and moreover a trilogy published in one volume before <strong>September 1942</strong>, there is only one book that this could have been, namely <em>Gij Vrouwen..!</em>, <em>Vrouwen in nood</em> and <em>Vrouwenroeping</em><em> </em>by Australian-British writer Helen Zenna Smith,<sup data-footnote-id=\"fhrir\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> which had been published by <em>De Arbeiderspers</em> in <strong>1938</strong>. These books - Dutch translations of <em>Not so quiet: stepdaughters of war</em> (1930), <em>Women of the aftermath</em> (1932) and <em>Shadow women</em> (1932) - told the story of some English girls of good character who were ambulance drivers behind the front carrying off wounded soldiers. The author depicted the accompanying coarsening rather explicitly.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>At the same time, Edith was reading <em>Heeren, knechten en vrouwen </em>(<em>The House of Tavelinck</em>)<em> </em>by Jo van Ammers-Küller. Anne wanted to read this too, but she was not allowed to.<sup data-footnote-id=\"10wsm\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> When Anne read Marianne Philips' <em>Henri van den overkant </em>(<em>Henri from the Other Side</em>), she received negative comments from Pfeffer and Mrs Van Pels.<sup data-footnote-id=\"bu6t3\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> In <strong>March '44</strong>, Anne wrote in her diary that she was annoyed that her reading was supervised, while adding that she was actually allowed to read almost anything.<sup data-footnote-id=\"769u7\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> She writes that she is happy to be allowed to read some more<em> </em>'mature books', and gives this statement the date of late <strong>October '42.</strong> But as this is in the B version, it was therefore actually written much later.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qx1k6\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Cissy van Marxveldt and other children's books</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne enthusiastically read the various volumes of Joop ter Heul, and even read <em>Een zomerzotheid </em>(<em>A Summer Folly</em>)<em> </em>four times<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"rxa6q\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> The books Kleiman brought along included Van Marxveldt's <em>De louteringskuur </em>(<em>The Purification Cure</em>)<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"lopkt\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> She based her own <em>Jopopinoloukico club</em> on the characters from the Joop ter Heul series. In her first diary (the A-version), she addressed her letters to Pop, Conny, Marianne, Kitty and others. Over time, Kitty remained.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Kleiman brought <em>Het boek voor de jeugd </em>(<em>The Book for Young People</em>)<em> </em>for Anne. He also lent other children's books, such as <em>Else’s baantjes</em> (<em>Else's jobs</em>)<em> </em>and <em>Riek, de kwajongen </em>(<em>Riek, the tomboy</em>)<em>, </em>to the people in the Secret Annex. These belonged to his daughter, and he took them on the pretext of lending them to Bep's sisters.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ie441\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup> Anne also wanted to read <em>Kees de jongen </em>(<em>Young Kees</em>)<em> </em>by Theo Thijssen, but it is unclear whether this happened.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4aa8w\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>History, religion, philosophy, art, culture and politics</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Both Otto Frank and Anne were interested in mythological and historical subjects. Otto had been a grammar school student and in <strong>1908</strong> he attended a summer semester of art history at Heidelberg University, where he was taught in those subjects, among others.<sup data-footnote-id=\"rbbly\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup> Edith also attended grammar school in Aachen. She possessed several philosophically and religiously oriented books, some of which also went with her to the Secret Annex. Some of these belong to the museum collection of the Anne Frank House.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne did not like the way her mother insisted on reading a prayer book, but for form she read some prayers<em> 'in German</em>'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"twd23\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup> Anne preferred reading about films and movie stars. Victor Kugler therefore regularly brought the magazine <em>Cinema & Theater </em>for her.<sup data-footnote-id=\"06683\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup> She referred to what she read in it in her diary and in the little story 'The Pool of Decay'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jb6mp\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>May 1944</strong>, <em>Palestina op de tweesprong </em>(<em>Palestine at the Crossroads</em>) by Hungarian journalist László Faragó was present<em> </em>in the Secret Annex, and Anne started reading it too.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yxkrh\"><a href=\"#footnote-19\" id=\"footnote-marker-19-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[19]</a></sup> Around the same time, she wrote that her sister Margot wanted to become a maternity nurse in Palestine.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0f3zo\"><a href=\"#footnote-20\" id=\"footnote-marker-20-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[20]</a></sup> It is plausible that this idea arose from reading this book, which discusses childcare in Palestine by trained nurses several times.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8d5da\"><a href=\"#footnote-21\" id=\"footnote-marker-21-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[21]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>For her last birthday, <strong>12 June 1944</strong>, Kugler gave Anne a biography of Maria Theresia, by Zdenko von Kraft. Gifts also included Anton Springer's five-volume art history series, which was already present in the Secret Annex.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t70iy\"><a href=\"#footnote-22\" id=\"footnote-marker-22-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[22]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Literature</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Of the inhabitants of the Secret Annex, Edith Frank was the one with the most literary baggage, according to Anne.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qffyy\"><a href=\"#footnote-23\" id=\"footnote-marker-23-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[23]</a></sup> Others also read well-known literature. Anne wrote several times about her father reading Dickens, without mentioning any titles.<sup data-footnote-id=\"vf8vw\"><a href=\"#footnote-24\" id=\"footnote-marker-24-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[24]</a></sup> He used it to learn English, so he read it in the original language. <sup data-footnote-id=\"ij7kn\"><a href=\"#footnote-25\" id=\"footnote-marker-25-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[25]</a></sup> In the museum collection of the Anne Frank House, there is a copy of <em>Sketches by Boz</em> that came from Otto Frank.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yxb5s\"><a href=\"#footnote-26\" id=\"footnote-marker-26-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[26]</a></sup> Pfeffer read <em>Henri van den overkant (Henri from the other side) </em>by Marianne Philips, and praised it; Anne was less enthusiastic.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ae7r5\"><a href=\"#footnote-27\" id=\"footnote-marker-27-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[27]</a></sup> In <strong>April 1944</strong>, she transcribed an unknown play by Carry van Bruggen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"q53eq\"><a href=\"#footnote-28\" id=\"footnote-marker-28-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[28]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Earlier that year, the inhabitants of the Secret Annex read <em>Ochtend zonder wolken (Morning without clouds)</em>, the first part of the trilogy <em>De geschiedenis van Robin Stuart</em> (<em>The history of Robin Stuart)</em> by Australian writer Eric Lowe.<sup data-footnote-id=\"iw8nw\"><a href=\"#footnote-29\" id=\"footnote-marker-29-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[29]</a></sup> The Dutch translation of this trilogy, originally published as a one-volume novel, entitled <em>Salute to freedom, </em>was by renowned Dutch author Simon Vestdijk. Anne included a passage from the second part, <em>De terugkeer van de held (Return of a hero)</em>, in her Favourite Quotes Notebook. Given this book of quotations, she also read works by Multatuli, Justus van Maurik, Shakespeare and Jacob van Maerlant.<sup data-footnote-id=\"difvj\"><a href=\"#footnote-30\" id=\"footnote-marker-30-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[30]</a></sup> With her father, she continued to read works by the German poet and playwright Theodor Körner, and he wanted her to read works by German playwright Friedrich Hebbel as well.<sup data-footnote-id=\"onrxu\"><a href=\"#footnote-31\" id=\"footnote-marker-31-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[31]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Trilogies were popular in the Secret Annex: besides Helen Zenna Smith's trilogy mentioned above and the books about Robin Stuart, Anne mentions the <em>Bjørndal-trilogy</em> by Norwegian writer Trygve Gulbranssen and <em>Hongaarsche rhapsodie</em> <em>(Hungarian melody), </em>the trilogy about the life of composer and pianist Franz Liszt by Hungarian writer Zsolt Harsányi. From this same author Anne read romanticized biographies of painter Peter Paul Rubens and physicist Galileo Galilei. The Favourite Quotes Notebook shows that she also read at least one part of Sigrid Undset's <em>Kristin Lavransdatter</em>-trilogy. She quotes a passage from the part entitled <em>The wife, </em>in any event, which indicates that she read it<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"difvj\"><a href=\"#footnote-30\" id=\"footnote-marker-30-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[30]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Newspapers and magazines</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Newspapers were read in the Secret Annex. Anne writes <strong>in late 19</strong><strong>42</strong> about a newspaper report following the execution of hostages.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t5b4q\"><a href=\"#footnote-32\" id=\"footnote-marker-32-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[32]</a></sup> In <strong>February 1944</strong>, she reports that all the newspapers were speculating about an imminent invasion.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xl2kv\"><a href=\"#footnote-33\" id=\"footnote-marker-33-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[33]</a></sup> Exactly which newspapers were available is not known, but Anne sometimes quoted Clinge Doorenbos writing in <em>De Telegraaf </em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"lxzlh\"><a href=\"#footnote-34\" id=\"footnote-marker-34-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[34]</a></sup> Several other diary entries also indicate the presence of this newspaper. Anne also notes on <strong>26 October 1942</strong> that Kugler brought them twelve issues of <em>Panorama</em>:<em> 'now we have something to read again</em>'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5k1zu\"><a href=\"#footnote-35\" id=\"footnote-marker-35-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[35]</a></sup> At least <strong>in early 1944</strong>, Kugler still brought <em>Cinema & Theater</em>, the <em>Haagsche Post </em>and occasionally <em>Das Reich </em>every week.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tat9p\"><a href=\"#footnote-36\" id=\"footnote-marker-36-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[36]</a></sup> Some notes show that she actually read <em>Cinema </em>& <em>Theater </em>and the <em>Haagsche Post </em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jb6mp\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Several notes also reveal that the people in hiding read clandestine magazines, or at least took note of them. Anne copied an allegation from a '<em>reliable source</em>' that there had been a football match between people in hiding and military police somewhere in the Netherlands.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gzjo5\"><a href=\"#footnote-37\" id=\"footnote-marker-37-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[37]</a></sup> Anne also made references to <em>Vrij Nederland.</em></p>\r\n\r\n<p>As far as can be seen, among the adults, Mr and Mrs Van Pels were the least engaged in reading. Mrs Van Pels did read <em>Henri van den overkant</em>, as she discussed this with Pfeffer and Anne. Most of the information on the reading behaviour of Mr and Mrs Van Pels comes from Anne's diary, so there is a chance that the picture is distorted.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ubave\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 10 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xl0um\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Allison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis, </em>Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 108.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0cdeb\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>See: Ton J. Broos, <a href=\"https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_low001200001_01/_low001200001_01_0026.php\" target=\"_blank\">'Anne Frank's literary connections'</a>, in: Josef Deleu (chief ed.), <em>The Low Countries, arts and society in Flanders and the Netherlands, </em>Rekkem: Stichting Ons Erfdeel, 2000. - p. 177-189; Sylvia Patterson Iskander, 'Anne Frank’s reading', in: <em>Children’s Literature Association Quarterly</em>, 13 (1988) 3 (Fall), p. 137-141.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b2uue\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 21 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ebvhw\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 2 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fhrir\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Pseudoniem van Evadne Price, waarschijnlijk geboren als Eva Grace Price, een Australisch-Britse schrijfster, actrice, astroloog en media-persoonlijkheid. Zie verder Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evadne_Price\" target=\"_blank\">Evadne Price</a> (geraadpleegd 22 oktober 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"10wsm\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 22 September 1942, in:<em> The Collected Works</em>..</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bu6t3\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Tales and events from the Secret Annexe, “Anne in theory”, 2 August 1943; Diary Version B, 29 July 1943, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>..</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"769u7\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 17 March 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qx1k6\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 29 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rxa6q\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 28 September 1942; Diary Version B, 21 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>..</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lopkt\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 18 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ie441\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 10 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4aa8w\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 22 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rbbly\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Universitätsarchiv Heidelberg, StudA 1900-09/10 Frank, Otto: 'Studien- und Sittenzeugnis Dem Herrn Otto Frank'.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"twd23\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 29 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>. Edith Frank had in her posssesion a Hebrew-German prayerbook. Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_EFrank_VII_021: W. Heidenheim (Hrsg.), <em>Gebete für das Wochenfest mit deutscher Uebersetzung, </em>Roedelheim : Druck und Verlag von M. Lehrberger und Comp. 1893.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"06683\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 22 January 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jb6mp\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 19 April 1944; Tales and events from the Secret Annexe, “The den of iniquity”, 22 February 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>..</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yxkrh\" id=\"footnote-19\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-19-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 11 May 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0f3zo\" id=\"footnote-20\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-20-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 8 May 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8d5da\" id=\"footnote-21\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-21-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code B_Achterhuis_VII_033: László Faragó,<em> Palestina op de tweesprong, </em>Amsterdam: Nederlandsche Keurboekerij, 1937, p. 214, 237-238.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t70iy\" id=\"footnote-22\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-22-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 13 June 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qffyy\" id=\"footnote-23\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-23-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Tales and events from the Secret Annexe, “The Annexe eight at the dinnner table”, 5 August 1943, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vf8vw\" id=\"footnote-24\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-24-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 4 March 1944; Diary Version B, 5 August 1943; Tales and events from the Secret Annexe, “Lunch break”, 5 August 1943, and “Wenn die Uhr half neune slagt....”, 6 August 1943, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ij7kn\" id=\"footnote-25\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-25-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, undated (May 1944), in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yxb5s\" id=\"footnote-26\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-26-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_OFrank_VII_006: Charles Dickens, <em>Sketches by Boz. Illustrative of every-day live and every-day people, </em>London: Chapman & Hall: Frowde, s.a.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ae7r5\" id=\"footnote-27\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-27-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 29 July 1943, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"q53eq\" id=\"footnote-28\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-28-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 19-21 April 1944 (Secret Code), in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"iw8nw\" id=\"footnote-29\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-29-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 12 January 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"difvj\" id=\"footnote-30\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-30-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-30-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, The favourite quotes notebook, in: <em>The Collected Works</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"onrxu\" id=\"footnote-31\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-31-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 18 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t5b4q\" id=\"footnote-32\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-32-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 8 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xl2kv\" id=\"footnote-33\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-33-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 3 February 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lxzlh\" id=\"footnote-34\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-34-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 5 May and 9 June 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5k1zu\" id=\"footnote-35\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-35-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 26 October 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tat9p\" id=\"footnote-36\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-36-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 18 April 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gzjo5\" id=\"footnote-37\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-37-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 28 January 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>. The source of the report is <em>Trouw, </em>vol. 1., no. 13, November 1943.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>Een van de bezigheden waarmee de onderduikers hun tijd doorbrachten is lezen. Er was aanvankelijk een duidelijk onderscheid tussen de volwassenen en de kinderen; verschillende boeken werden voor de jeugd ongeschikt geacht. De opvattingen veranderden en de kinderen werden groter, waarmee dit vanzelf minder problematisch werd. Verder hing de selectie van boeken voor de kinderen nauw samen met het streven de schoolachterstand te beperken. Specifieke kwesties rond het leerthema kwamen daar nader aan de orde. De lectuur bestond uit boeken die door de onderduikers naar het Achterhuis waren meegenomen en boeken die door de helpers werden aangedragen. Johannes Kleiman bracht boeken van zichzelf en van zijn dochter mee.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ubave\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Jan Gies haalde regelmatig boeken uit de leesbibliotheek C.O.M.O. van zijn vriend en ex-collega Jacob Licht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xl0um\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De eerste berichten in het dagboek over boeken zijn van <strong>14 juni 1942</strong> en dateren dus van voor de onderduik. Anne schrijft over de boeken die ze rond haar verjaardag kreeg. Hiertoe behoorden onder meer de twee delen van <em>Nederlandsche Sagen en Legenden </em>van Josef Cohen. Deel 1 gaf ze voor ze ging onderduiken aan een buurmeisje, die het zeventig jaar later afstond aan de Anne Frank Stichting. Daarmee werden de twee delen voor het eerst sinds <strong>1942</strong> weer verenigd. In de loop van de tijd werd Annes lectuur langzaamaan wat volwassener.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3yj6w\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Ouderlijk en ander toezicht</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>september ’42</strong> bracht Kleiman een boek mee dat een kleine controverse in het Achterhuis teweeg bracht. Het was een boek '<em>uit de vorige oorlog</em>' en omdat het volgens Anne '<em>erg vrij geschreven' </em>was, mochten Peter en Margot de betreffende trilogie niet lezen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"b2uue\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Het boek had volgens Anne als thema een '<em>vrouwenonderwerp</em>'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ebvhw\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Volgens de kenmerken die Anne noteerde - een boek uit de tijd van de Eerste Wereldoorlog, met een vrouwenonderwerp, ‘<em>vrij’ geschreven</em>' - en bovendien een trilogie die voor <strong>september 1942</strong> in één band was verschenen, is er maar één boek dat dat geweest zou kunnen zijn, namelijk <em>Gij Vrouwen..!</em>, <em>Vrouwen in nood</em> en <em>Vrouwenroeping </em>door de Australisch-Britse schrijfster Helen Zenna Smith,<sup data-footnote-id=\"fhrir\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> dat in <strong>1938</strong> door de Arbeiderspers was uitgegeven. Dit boek - een vertaling in het Nederlands van <em>Not so quiet: stepdaughters of war</em> (1930), <em>Women of the aftermath</em> (1932) en <em>Shadow women</em> (1932) - vertelde het verhaal van enkele Engelse meisjes van goede huize, die als ambulancechauffeurs achter het front de gewonde militairen afvoerden. De schrijfster gaf de daarmee gepaard gaande verruwing nogal expliciet weer.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Edith las tezelfdertijd <em>Heeren, knechten en vrouwen </em>van Jo van Ammers-Küller. Anne wilde dit ook lezen, maar dat mocht zij niet.<sup data-footnote-id=\"10wsm\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Toen Anne Marianne Philips’ <em>Henri van den overkant </em>heeft gelezen, kreeg ze negatief commentaar van Pfeffer en mevrouw Van Pels.<sup data-footnote-id=\"bu6t3\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> In <strong>maart 1944</strong> schrijft Anne in haar dagboek dat ze het vervelend vindt dat er toezicht op haar lectuur was, terwijl ze eraan toevoegt dat ze eigenlijk bijna alles mag lezen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"769u7\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> Als ze schrijft blij te zijn dat ze wat meer '<em>volwassenenboeken</em>' mocht lezen, en dat eind <strong>oktober ’42</strong> dateert, is dat in de B-versie en daardoor dus in werkelijkheid veel later geschreven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qx1k6\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Cissy van Marxveldt en andere jeugdboeken</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne las met veel enthousiasme de verschillende delen van Joop ter Heul, en zelfs vier keer <em>Een zomerzotheid.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"rxa6q\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Bij de boeken die Kleiman meebracht zat ook Van Marxveldts <em>De louteringskuur.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"lopkt\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> Op de figuren uit de Joop ter Heul-reeks baseerde ze haar eigen <em>Jopopinoloukicoclub</em>. In haar eerste dagboek (de A-versie) richtte ze haar brieven aan Pop, Conny, Marianne, Kitty en anderen. Na verloop van tijd bleef Kitty over.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Kleiman bracht <em>Het boek voor de jeugd </em>voor Anne mee. Ook andere jeugdboeken, zoals <em>Else’s baantjes </em>en<em> Riek, de kwajongen </em>leende hij uit aan de onderduikers. Deze waren van zijn dochter, en hij nam ze mee onder het voorwendsel dat hij ze aan Beps zusjes uitleende.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ie441\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup> Anne wilde ook graag <em>Kees de jongen </em>van Theo Thijssen lezen, maar onduidelijk is of dat ook gebeurde.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4aa8w\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Geschiedenis, religie, filosofie, kunst, cultuur en politiek</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Zowel Otto Frank als Anne waren geïnteresseerd in mythologische en geschiedkundige onderwerpen. Otto was gymnasiast geweest en in <strong>1908</strong> volgde hij een zomersemester kunstgeschiedenis aan de universiteit van Heidelberg, waar hij in onder meer die vakken onderricht kreeg.<sup data-footnote-id=\"rbbly\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup> Edith doorliep in Aken ook het gymnasium. Zij beschikte over diverse filosofisch en religieus georiënteerde boeken, die voor een deel ook meegingen naar het Achterhuis. Voor een deel behoren deze tot de museale collectie van de Anne Frank Stichting.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne was niet te spreken over de wijze waarop haar moeder aandrong op het lezen van een gebedboek, maar voor de vorm las ze wat gebeden '<em>in ’t Duits'</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"twd23\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup> Anne las liever over film en filmsterren. Victor Kugler bracht daarom regelmatig het blad <em>Cinema & Theater </em>voor haar mee.<sup data-footnote-id=\"06683\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup> In haar dagboek en in het verhaaltje ‘De Poel des Verderfs’ refereerde ze aan wat ze daarin las.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jb6mp\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>mei 1944</strong> was <em>Palestina op de tweesprong</em> van de Hongaarse journalist László Faragó in het Achterhuis aanwezig, en Anne ging het ook lezen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yxkrh\"><a href=\"#footnote-19\" id=\"footnote-marker-19-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[19]</a></sup> Rond dezelfde tijd schrijft ze dat haar zuster Margot kraamverpleegster in Palestina wilde worden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0f3zo\"><a href=\"#footnote-20\" id=\"footnote-marker-20-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[20]</a></sup> Het is aannemelijk dat dit idee ontstond door het lezen van dit boek, waarin de kinderopvang in Palestina door geschoolde verpleegsters verschillende keren aan de orde komt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8d5da\"><a href=\"#footnote-21\" id=\"footnote-marker-21-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[21]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Voor haar laatste verjaardag, <strong>12 juni 1944</strong>, kreeg Anne van Kugler een biografie van Maria Theresia, door Zdenko von Kraft. Tot de cadeaus behoorde ook de vijfdelige kunstgeschiedenisreeks van Anton Springer, die al in het Achterhuis aanwezig was.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t70iy\"><a href=\"#footnote-22\" id=\"footnote-marker-22-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[22]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Literatuur</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Van de Achterhuisbewoners was Edith Frank volgens Anne degene met de meeste literaire bagage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qffyy\"><a href=\"#footnote-23\" id=\"footnote-marker-23-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[23]</a></sup> Anderen lazen eveneens bekende literatuur. Anne schrijft enkele keren over haar vader die Dickens las, overigens zonder titels te vermelden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"vf8vw\"><a href=\"#footnote-24\" id=\"footnote-marker-24-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[24]</a></sup> Hij gebruikte het om Engels te leren, dus hij las het in de oorspronkelijke taal.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ij7kn\"><a href=\"#footnote-25\" id=\"footnote-marker-25-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[25]</a></sup> In de museale collectie van de Anne Frank Stichting bevindt zich een exemplaar van <em>Sketches by Boz</em> die van Otto Frank afkomstig is.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yxb5s\"><a href=\"#footnote-26\" id=\"footnote-marker-26-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[26]</a></sup> Pfeffer las <em>Henri van den overkant </em>van Marianne Philips, en was daar lovend over; Anne was minder enthousiast.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ae7r5\"><a href=\"#footnote-27\" id=\"footnote-marker-27-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[27]</a></sup> In <strong>april ’44</strong> schreef ze een onbekend stuk van Carry van Bruggen over.<sup data-footnote-id=\"q53eq\"><a href=\"#footnote-28\" id=\"footnote-marker-28-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[28]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Eerder dat jaar lazen de onderduikers <em>Ochtend zonder wolken</em>, het eerste deel van de trilogie <em>De geschiedenis van Robin Stuart</em> door de Australische schrijver Eric Lowe.<sup data-footnote-id=\"iw8nw\"><a href=\"#footnote-29\" id=\"footnote-marker-29-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[29]</a></sup> De Nederlandse vertaling van deze trilogie, oorspronkelijk verschenen als eendelige roman onder de titel <em>Salute to freedom, </em>was van de befaamde auteur Simon Vestdijk. Anne nam een passage uit het tweede deel, <em>Terugkeer van een held</em>, op in haar <em>Mooie</em>-<em>zinnenboek</em>. Gezien dit citatenboek las ze tevens werk van, onder anderen, Multatuli, Justus van Maurik, Shakespeare en Jacob van Maerlant.<sup data-footnote-id=\"difvj\"><a href=\"#footnote-30\" id=\"footnote-marker-30-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[30]</a></sup> Met haar vader las ze verder werk van de Duitse dichter en toneelschrijver Theodor Körner, en hij wil dat ze ook werk van de Duitse toneelschrijver Friedrich Hebbel ging lezen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"onrxu\"><a href=\"#footnote-31\" id=\"footnote-marker-31-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[31]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Trilogieën waren in het Achterhuis geliefd: naast de de hierboven genoemde trilogie van de Helen Zenna Smith en boeken over Robin Stuart, vermeldt Anne <em>Het geslacht Bjørndal </em>van de Noorse schrijver Trygve Gulbranssen en <em>Hongaarsche rhapsodie,</em> de roman-trilogie over het leven van componist en pianist Franz Liszt door de Hongaarse schrijver Zsolt Harsányi, Van diezelfde auteur las Anne geromantiseerde biografieën over schilder Peter Paul Rubens en natuurkundige Galileio Galilei. Uit het <em>Mooie-zinnenboek </em>blijkt dat ze ook tenminste een deel van Sigrid Undsets <em>Kristin Lavransdochter</em>-trilogie las. Ze citeert althans een passage uit het deel met de titel <em>Vrouw.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"difvj\"><a href=\"#footnote-30\" id=\"footnote-marker-30-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[30]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Kranten en tijdschriften</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In het Achterhuis werden kranten gelezen. Anne schrijft <strong>eind 1942</strong> onder meer over een krantenbericht naar aanleiding van de executie van gijzelaars.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t5b4q\"><a href=\"#footnote-32\" id=\"footnote-marker-32-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[32]</a></sup> In <strong>februari 1944</strong> weet ze te melden dat alle kranten speculeren over een ophanden zijnde invasie.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xl2kv\"><a href=\"#footnote-33\" id=\"footnote-marker-33-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[33]</a></sup> Welke dagbladen er voorhanden waren is niet precies bekend, maar Anne citeerde soms Clinge Doorenbos die in <em>De Telegraaf </em>schreef.<sup data-footnote-id=\"lxzlh\"><a href=\"#footnote-34\" id=\"footnote-marker-34-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[34]</a></sup> Diverse andere dagboeknotities verraden eveneens de aanwezigheid van deze krant. Verder noteert Anne op <strong>26 oktober 1942</strong> dat Kugler twaalf <em>Panorama's </em>langsbracht: '<em>nu hebben we weer wat te lezen</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"5k1zu\"><a href=\"#footnote-35\" id=\"footnote-marker-35-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[35]</a></sup> Kugler bracht in ieder geval <strong>begin 1944</strong> nog iedere week <em>Cinema & Theater</em>, de <em>Haagsche Post </em>en af en toe <em>Das Reich </em>mee.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tat9p\"><a href=\"#footnote-36\" id=\"footnote-marker-36-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[36]</a></sup> Enkele notities tonen aan dat ze <em>Cinema & Theater </em>en de <em>Haagsche Post </em>ook werkelijk las.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jb6mp\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Uit verschillende notities is ook op te maken dat de onderduikers clandestiene bladen lazen, of er althans kennis van namen. Anne nam een bewering uit ‘<em>betrouwbare bron</em>’ over dat er ergens in Nederland een voetbalwedstrijd tussen onderduikers en marechaussees werd gehouden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gzjo5\"><a href=\"#footnote-37\" id=\"footnote-marker-37-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[37]</a></sup> Verder refereerde Anne aan <em>Vrij Nederland.</em></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Voor zover valt te overzien was het echtpaar Van Pels onder de volwassenen het minst bezig met lezen. Wel las mevrouw <em>Henri van den overkant</em>, want dat besprak ze met Pfeffer en Anne. De meeste gegevens over het leesgedrag van de Van Pelsen zijn afkomstig uit Annes dagboek, waardoor de kans bestaat dat het beeld vertekend is.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ubave\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 10 oktober 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xl0um\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Allison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis, </em>Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 108.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3yj6w\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie verder: Ton J. Broos, <a href=\"http:// https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_han001200301_01/_han001200301_01_0006.php\" target=\"_blank\">'De boekenplank van Anne Frank'</a>, in: Arie J. Gelderblom. e.a. (red.), <em>Neerlandistiek de grenzen voorbij: handelingen vijftiende colloquium Neerlandicum</em>, Woubrugge: Internationale Vereniging voor Neerlandistiek, 2004. - p. 71-83; A. Agnes Sneller, <a href=\"https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_nie012200801_01/_nie012200801_01_0001.php\" target=\"_blank\">'Leven en lezen van twee jeugdige dagboekschrijvers, Anne Frank en Virginia (Woolf-)Stephens'</a>, in. <em>Nieuw Letterkundig Magazijn</em>, 26 (2008) 1 (juli), p. 1-7. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b2uue\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 21 september 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ebvhw\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek B, 2 september 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fhrir\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Pseudoniem van Evadne Price, waarschijnlijk geboren als Eva Grace Price, een Australisch-Britse schrijfster, actrice, astroloog en media-persoonlijkheid. Zie verder Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evadne_Price\" target=\"_blank\">Evadne Price</a> (geraadpleegd 22 oktober 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"10wsm\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 22 september 1942, in:<em> Verzameld werk</em>..</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bu6t3\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Verhaaltjes en gebeurtenissen uit het Achterhuis, “Anne in de theorie”, 2 augustus 1943 & Dagboek B, 29 juli 1943, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>..</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"769u7\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 17 maart 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qx1k6\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek B, 29 oktober 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rxa6q\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 28 september 1942; Dagboek B, 21 september 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>..</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lopkt\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 18 oktober 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ie441\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 10 oktober 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4aa8w\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 22 september 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rbbly\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Universitätsarchiv Heidelberg, StudA 1900-09/10 Frank, Otto: 'Studien- und Sittenzeugnis Dem Herrn Otto Frank'.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"twd23\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 29 oktober 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>. Edith Frank bezat een Hebreeuws-Duits gebedenboek. Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_EFrank_VII_021: W. Heidenheim (Hrsg.), <em>Gebete für das Wochenfest mit deutscher Uebersetzung, </em>Roedelheim : Druck und Verlag von M. Lehrberger und Comp. 1893.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"06683\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 22 januari 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jb6mp\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 19 april 1944; Verhaaltjes en gebeurtenissen uit het Achterhuis, “De Poel des Verderfs”, 22 februari 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>..</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yxkrh\" id=\"footnote-19\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-19-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 11 mei 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0f3zo\" id=\"footnote-20\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-20-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 8 mei 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8d5da\" id=\"footnote-21\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-21-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code B_Achterhuis_VII_033: László Faragó,<em> Palestina op de tweesprong, </em>Amsterdam: Nederlandsche Keurboekerij, 1937, p. 214, 237-238.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t70iy\" id=\"footnote-22\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-22-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 13 juni 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qffyy\" id=\"footnote-23\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-23-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Verhaaltjes en gebeurtenissen uit het Achterhuis, “Het Achterhuis van 8 aan tafel”, 5 augustus 1943, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vf8vw\" id=\"footnote-24\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-24-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 4 maart 1944; Dagboek B, 5 augustus 1943; Verhaaltjes en gebeurtenissen uit het Achterhuis, “Schafuurtje”, 5 augustus 1943, en “Wenn die Uhr half neune slagt”, 6 augustus 1943, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ij7kn\" id=\"footnote-25\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-25-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, ongedateerd (mei 1944), in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yxb5s\" id=\"footnote-26\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-26-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_OFrank_VII_006: Charles Dickens, <em>Sketches by Boz. Illustrative of every-day live and every-day people, </em>London: Chapman & Hall: Frowde, s.a.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ae7r5\" id=\"footnote-27\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-27-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek B, 29 juli 1943, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"q53eq\" id=\"footnote-28\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-28-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 19-21 april 1944, in een ‘nieuw geheimschrift’, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"iw8nw\" id=\"footnote-29\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-29-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 12 januari 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"difvj\" id=\"footnote-30\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-30-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-30-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Het Mooie-zinnenboek, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"onrxu\" id=\"footnote-31\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-31-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 18 oktober 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t5b4q\" id=\"footnote-32\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-32-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 8 oktober 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xl2kv\" id=\"footnote-33\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-33-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 3 februari 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lxzlh\" id=\"footnote-34\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-34-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 5 mei en 9 juni 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5k1zu\" id=\"footnote-35\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-35-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 26 oktober 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tat9p\" id=\"footnote-36\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-36-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 18 april 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gzjo5\" id=\"footnote-37\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-37-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 28 januari 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>. Het bericht is afkomstig uit <em>Trouw, </em>1e jrg., nr. 13, november 1943.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>One of the pastimes on which the people in the Secret Annex spent their time was reading. There was initially a clear distinction between the adults and the children; several books were considered unsuitable for the young. Attitudes changed and the children grew up, as a result of which this naturally became less of a problem. Furthermore, the selection of books for children was closely linked to the aim of preventing the children falling behind at school. Specific issues around the learning theme were addressed in more detail with this. The reading material consisted of books brought to the Secret Annex by the people in hiding and books provided by the helpers. Johannes Kleiman brought books belonging to him and his daughter.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ubave\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Jan Gies regularly took books from the C.O.M.O. reading library of his friend and former colleague Jacob Licht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xl0um\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The first entries in the diary about books are from <strong>14 June 1942</strong> and therefore predate the hiding period. Anne writes about the books she received for her birthday. These included the two volumes of <em>Nederlandsche Sagen en Legenden </em>('Dutch Sagas and Legends') by Josef Cohen. She gave volume 1 to a neighbour girl before she went into hiding, who gave it to the Anne Frank House seventy years later. This reunited the two volumes for the first time since <strong>1942</strong>. Over time, Anne's reading gradually became more mature.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0cdeb\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Parental and other supervision</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>September '42</strong>, Kleiman brought a book that sparked a minor controversy in the Secret Annex. It was a book<em> 'from the previous war</em> ' and because, according to Anne, it was<em> 'very freely written' </em>, Peter and Margot were not allowed to read the trilogy in question.<sup data-footnote-id=\"b2uue\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> According to Anne, the book's theme was a<em> 'women's topic</em> '.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ebvhw\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> According to the characteristics that Anne noted - a book from the time of the First World War, with a women's subject, '<em>freely written</em> ' - and moreover a trilogy published in one volume before <strong>September 1942</strong>, there is only one book that this could have been, namely <em>Gij Vrouwen..!</em>, <em>Vrouwen in nood</em> and <em>Vrouwenroeping</em><em> </em>by Australian-British writer Helen Zenna Smith,<sup data-footnote-id=\"fhrir\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> which had been published by <em>De Arbeiderspers</em> in <strong>1938</strong>. These books - Dutch translations of <em>Not so quiet: stepdaughters of war</em> (1930), <em>Women of the aftermath</em> (1932) and <em>Shadow women</em> (1932) - told the story of some English girls of good character who were ambulance drivers behind the front carrying off wounded soldiers. The author depicted the accompanying coarsening rather explicitly.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>At the same time, Edith was reading <em>Heeren, knechten en vrouwen </em>(<em>The House of Tavelinck</em>)<em> </em>by Jo van Ammers-Küller. Anne wanted to read this too, but she was not allowed to.<sup data-footnote-id=\"10wsm\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> When Anne read Marianne Philips' <em>Henri van den overkant </em>(<em>Henri from the Other Side</em>), she received negative comments from Pfeffer and Mrs Van Pels.<sup data-footnote-id=\"bu6t3\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> In <strong>March '44</strong>, Anne wrote in her diary that she was annoyed that her reading was supervised, while adding that she was actually allowed to read almost anything.<sup data-footnote-id=\"769u7\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> She writes that she is happy to be allowed to read some more<em> </em>'mature books', and gives this statement the date of late <strong>October '42.</strong> But as this is in the B version, it was therefore actually written much later.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qx1k6\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Cissy van Marxveldt and other children's books</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne enthusiastically read the various volumes of Joop ter Heul, and even read <em>Een zomerzotheid </em>(<em>A Summer Folly</em>)<em> </em>four times<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"rxa6q\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> The books Kleiman brought along included Van Marxveldt's <em>De louteringskuur </em>(<em>The Purification Cure</em>)<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"lopkt\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup> She based her own <em>Jopopinoloukico club</em> on the characters from the Joop ter Heul series. In her first diary (the A-version), she addressed her letters to Pop, Conny, Marianne, Kitty and others. Over time, Kitty remained.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Kleiman brought <em>Het boek voor de jeugd </em>(<em>The Book for Young People</em>)<em> </em>for Anne. He also lent other children's books, such as <em>Else’s baantjes</em> (<em>Else's jobs</em>)<em> </em>and <em>Riek, de kwajongen </em>(<em>Riek, the tomboy</em>)<em>, </em>to the people in the Secret Annex. These belonged to his daughter, and he took them on the pretext of lending them to Bep's sisters.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ie441\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup> Anne also wanted to read <em>Kees de jongen </em>(<em>Young Kees</em>)<em> </em>by Theo Thijssen, but it is unclear whether this happened.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4aa8w\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>History, religion, philosophy, art, culture and politics</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Both Otto Frank and Anne were interested in mythological and historical subjects. Otto had been a grammar school student and in <strong>1908</strong> he attended a summer semester of art history at Heidelberg University, where he was taught in those subjects, among others.<sup data-footnote-id=\"rbbly\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup> Edith also attended grammar school in Aachen. She possessed several philosophically and religiously oriented books, some of which also went with her to the Secret Annex. Some of these belong to the museum collection of the Anne Frank House.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne did not like the way her mother insisted on reading a prayer book, but for form she read some prayers<em> 'in German</em>'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"twd23\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup> Anne preferred reading about films and movie stars. Victor Kugler therefore regularly brought the magazine <em>Cinema & Theater </em>for her.<sup data-footnote-id=\"06683\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup> She referred to what she read in it in her diary and in the little story 'The Pool of Decay'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jb6mp\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>May 1944</strong>, <em>Palestina op de tweesprong </em>(<em>Palestine at the Crossroads</em>) by Hungarian journalist László Faragó was present<em> </em>in the Secret Annex, and Anne started reading it too.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yxkrh\"><a href=\"#footnote-19\" id=\"footnote-marker-19-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[19]</a></sup> Around the same time, she wrote that her sister Margot wanted to become a maternity nurse in Palestine.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0f3zo\"><a href=\"#footnote-20\" id=\"footnote-marker-20-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[20]</a></sup> It is plausible that this idea arose from reading this book, which discusses childcare in Palestine by trained nurses several times.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8d5da\"><a href=\"#footnote-21\" id=\"footnote-marker-21-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[21]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>For her last birthday, <strong>12 June 1944</strong>, Kugler gave Anne a biography of Maria Theresia, by Zdenko von Kraft. Gifts also included Anton Springer's five-volume art history series, which was already present in the Secret Annex.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t70iy\"><a href=\"#footnote-22\" id=\"footnote-marker-22-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[22]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Literature</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Of the inhabitants of the Secret Annex, Edith Frank was the one with the most literary baggage, according to Anne.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qffyy\"><a href=\"#footnote-23\" id=\"footnote-marker-23-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[23]</a></sup> Others also read well-known literature. Anne wrote several times about her father reading Dickens, without mentioning any titles.<sup data-footnote-id=\"vf8vw\"><a href=\"#footnote-24\" id=\"footnote-marker-24-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[24]</a></sup> He used it to learn English, so he read it in the original language. <sup data-footnote-id=\"ij7kn\"><a href=\"#footnote-25\" id=\"footnote-marker-25-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[25]</a></sup> In the museum collection of the Anne Frank House, there is a copy of <em>Sketches by Boz</em> that came from Otto Frank.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yxb5s\"><a href=\"#footnote-26\" id=\"footnote-marker-26-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[26]</a></sup> Pfeffer read <em>Henri van den overkant (Henri from the other side) </em>by Marianne Philips, and praised it; Anne was less enthusiastic.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ae7r5\"><a href=\"#footnote-27\" id=\"footnote-marker-27-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[27]</a></sup> In <strong>April 1944</strong>, she transcribed an unknown play by Carry van Bruggen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"q53eq\"><a href=\"#footnote-28\" id=\"footnote-marker-28-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[28]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Earlier that year, the inhabitants of the Secret Annex read <em>Ochtend zonder wolken (Morning without clouds)</em>, the first part of the trilogy <em>De geschiedenis van Robin Stuart</em> (<em>The history of Robin Stuart)</em> by Australian writer Eric Lowe.<sup data-footnote-id=\"iw8nw\"><a href=\"#footnote-29\" id=\"footnote-marker-29-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[29]</a></sup> The Dutch translation of this trilogy, originally published as a one-volume novel, entitled <em>Salute to freedom, </em>was by renowned Dutch author Simon Vestdijk. Anne included a passage from the second part, <em>De terugkeer van de held (Return of a hero)</em>, in her Favourite Quotes Notebook. Given this book of quotations, she also read works by Multatuli, Justus van Maurik, Shakespeare and Jacob van Maerlant.<sup data-footnote-id=\"difvj\"><a href=\"#footnote-30\" id=\"footnote-marker-30-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[30]</a></sup> With her father, she continued to read works by the German poet and playwright Theodor Körner, and he wanted her to read works by German playwright Friedrich Hebbel as well.<sup data-footnote-id=\"onrxu\"><a href=\"#footnote-31\" id=\"footnote-marker-31-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[31]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Trilogies were popular in the Secret Annex: besides Helen Zenna Smith's trilogy mentioned above and the books about Robin Stuart, Anne mentions the <em>Bjørndal-trilogy</em> by Norwegian writer Trygve Gulbranssen and <em>Hongaarsche rhapsodie</em> <em>(Hungarian melody), </em>the trilogy about the life of composer and pianist Franz Liszt by Hungarian writer Zsolt Harsányi. From this same author Anne read romanticized biographies of painter Peter Paul Rubens and physicist Galileo Galilei. The Favourite Quotes Notebook shows that she also read at least one part of Sigrid Undset's <em>Kristin Lavransdatter</em>-trilogy. She quotes a passage from the part entitled <em>The wife, </em>in any event, which indicates that she read it<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"difvj\"><a href=\"#footnote-30\" id=\"footnote-marker-30-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[30]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Newspapers and magazines</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Newspapers were read in the Secret Annex. Anne writes <strong>in late 19</strong><strong>42</strong> about a newspaper report following the execution of hostages.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t5b4q\"><a href=\"#footnote-32\" id=\"footnote-marker-32-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[32]</a></sup> In <strong>February 1944</strong>, she reports that all the newspapers were speculating about an imminent invasion.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xl2kv\"><a href=\"#footnote-33\" id=\"footnote-marker-33-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[33]</a></sup> Exactly which newspapers were available is not known, but Anne sometimes quoted Clinge Doorenbos writing in <em>De Telegraaf </em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"lxzlh\"><a href=\"#footnote-34\" id=\"footnote-marker-34-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[34]</a></sup> Several other diary entries also indicate the presence of this newspaper. Anne also notes on <strong>26 October 1942</strong> that Kugler brought them twelve issues of <em>Panorama</em>:<em> 'now we have something to read again</em>'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5k1zu\"><a href=\"#footnote-35\" id=\"footnote-marker-35-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[35]</a></sup> At least <strong>in early 1944</strong>, Kugler still brought <em>Cinema & Theater</em>, the <em>Haagsche Post </em>and occasionally <em>Das Reich </em>every week.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tat9p\"><a href=\"#footnote-36\" id=\"footnote-marker-36-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[36]</a></sup> Some notes show that she actually read <em>Cinema </em>& <em>Theater </em>and the <em>Haagsche Post </em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jb6mp\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Several notes also reveal that the people in hiding read clandestine magazines, or at least took note of them. Anne copied an allegation from a '<em>reliable source</em>' that there had been a football match between people in hiding and military police somewhere in the Netherlands.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gzjo5\"><a href=\"#footnote-37\" id=\"footnote-marker-37-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[37]</a></sup> Anne also made references to <em>Vrij Nederland.</em></p>\r\n\r\n<p>As far as can be seen, among the adults, Mr and Mrs Van Pels were the least engaged in reading. Mrs Van Pels did read <em>Henri van den overkant</em>, as she discussed this with Pfeffer and Anne. Most of the information on the reading behaviour of Mr and Mrs Van Pels comes from Anne's diary, so there is a chance that the picture is distorted.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ubave\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 10 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xl0um\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Allison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis, </em>Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 108.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0cdeb\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>See: Ton J. Broos, <a href=\"https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_low001200001_01/_low001200001_01_0026.php\" target=\"_blank\">'Anne Frank's literary connections'</a>, in: Josef Deleu (chief ed.), <em>The Low Countries, arts and society in Flanders and the Netherlands, </em>Rekkem: Stichting Ons Erfdeel, 2000. - p. 177-189; Sylvia Patterson Iskander, 'Anne Frank’s reading', in: <em>Children’s Literature Association Quarterly</em>, 13 (1988) 3 (Fall), p. 137-141.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b2uue\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 21 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ebvhw\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 2 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fhrir\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Pseudoniem van Evadne Price, waarschijnlijk geboren als Eva Grace Price, een Australisch-Britse schrijfster, actrice, astroloog en media-persoonlijkheid. Zie verder Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evadne_Price\" target=\"_blank\">Evadne Price</a> (geraadpleegd 22 oktober 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"10wsm\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 22 September 1942, in:<em> The Collected Works</em>..</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bu6t3\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Tales and events from the Secret Annexe, “Anne in theory”, 2 August 1943; Diary Version B, 29 July 1943, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>..</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"769u7\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 17 March 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qx1k6\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 29 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rxa6q\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 28 September 1942; Diary Version B, 21 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>..</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lopkt\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 18 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ie441\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 10 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4aa8w\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 22 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rbbly\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Universitätsarchiv Heidelberg, StudA 1900-09/10 Frank, Otto: 'Studien- und Sittenzeugnis Dem Herrn Otto Frank'.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"twd23\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 29 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>. Edith Frank had in her posssesion a Hebrew-German prayerbook. Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_EFrank_VII_021: W. Heidenheim (Hrsg.), <em>Gebete für das Wochenfest mit deutscher Uebersetzung, </em>Roedelheim : Druck und Verlag von M. Lehrberger und Comp. 1893.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"06683\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 22 January 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jb6mp\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 19 April 1944; Tales and events from the Secret Annexe, “The den of iniquity”, 22 February 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>..</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yxkrh\" id=\"footnote-19\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-19-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 11 May 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0f3zo\" id=\"footnote-20\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-20-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 8 May 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8d5da\" id=\"footnote-21\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-21-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code B_Achterhuis_VII_033: László Faragó,<em> Palestina op de tweesprong, </em>Amsterdam: Nederlandsche Keurboekerij, 1937, p. 214, 237-238.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t70iy\" id=\"footnote-22\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-22-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 13 June 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qffyy\" id=\"footnote-23\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-23-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Tales and events from the Secret Annexe, “The Annexe eight at the dinnner table”, 5 August 1943, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vf8vw\" id=\"footnote-24\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-24-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 4 March 1944; Diary Version B, 5 August 1943; Tales and events from the Secret Annexe, “Lunch break”, 5 August 1943, and “Wenn die Uhr half neune slagt....”, 6 August 1943, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ij7kn\" id=\"footnote-25\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-25-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, undated (May 1944), in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yxb5s\" id=\"footnote-26\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-26-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_OFrank_VII_006: Charles Dickens, <em>Sketches by Boz. Illustrative of every-day live and every-day people, </em>London: Chapman & Hall: Frowde, s.a.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ae7r5\" id=\"footnote-27\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-27-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 29 July 1943, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"q53eq\" id=\"footnote-28\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-28-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 19-21 April 1944 (Secret Code), in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"iw8nw\" id=\"footnote-29\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-29-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 12 January 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"difvj\" id=\"footnote-30\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-30-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-30-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, The favourite quotes notebook, in: <em>The Collected Works</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"onrxu\" id=\"footnote-31\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-31-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 18 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t5b4q\" id=\"footnote-32\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-32-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 8 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xl2kv\" id=\"footnote-33\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-33-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 3 February 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lxzlh\" id=\"footnote-34\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-34-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 5 May and 9 June 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5k1zu\" id=\"footnote-35\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-35-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 26 October 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tat9p\" id=\"footnote-36\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-36-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 18 April 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gzjo5\" id=\"footnote-37\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-37-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 28 January 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>. The source of the report is <em>Trouw, </em>vol. 1., no. 13, November 1943.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The people in the Secret Annex did a lot of learning and reading.",
"summary_nl": "De onderduikers in het Achterhuis waren veel bezig met leren en lezen.",
"summary_en": "The people in the Secret Annex did a lot of learning and reading.",
"same_as": null,
"parent": 396124663,
"files": []
}
