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{
    "id": 396124520,
    "image": null,
    "url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/76ffc1a4-d23d-47c4-b12f-6ff977e307e7/",
    "published": true,
    "uuid": "76ffc1a4-d23d-47c4-b12f-6ff977e307e7",
    "name": "Names of Victor Kugler",
    "name_nl": "Naam van Victor Kugler",
    "name_en": "Names of Victor Kugler",
    "description": "<p>The surname <em>Kugler</em> comes from Victor&#39;s mother Emilie Kugler. The name of his father is not known.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6265s\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup><em> </em>The spelling of the name <em>Victor Kugler</em>&nbsp;changed many times over the years.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Victor Kugler&#39;s christening card shows the name <em>Victor Kŭgler</em>, with a breve on the u.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xd8ek\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>His school report for the <strong>1906-&#39;07</strong> school year shows <em>Viktor Kugler</em>, without breve on the u. The name is also written this way on other school reports. In the <strong>1912-&#39;13</strong> school year, the spelling with the breve occurs once again. Reports from the years <strong>1915</strong> and <strong>1916</strong> alternate between the two versions.<sup data-footnote-id=\"js6ag\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>He himself used <em>Viktor Kugler</em> to sign the poem <em>Deutsch sein</em> in his <em>Stammbuch</em>, dated <strong>17 August 1916</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f1ljc\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>A <strong>1920</strong> &quot;Lehr-Brief&quot; of the Handwerkskammer M&uuml;nster also mentions <em>Victor Kugler</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yit1q\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><em>Victor Gustave K&uuml;gler</em> is listed on his diploma in Commercial Correspondence dated <strong>21 March 1923</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"eovwz\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The population register of Hilversum registered him as <em>Viktor Gustav K&uuml;gler</em> in <strong>1933</strong>. Later, this was changed again to <em>Kugler</em> on instructions from the Civil Registry of Utrecht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"guvmk\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The CoC file of Gies and Co. lists <em>Victor Gustav Kugler</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cr7ju\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>According to his <strong>1928</strong> marriage certificate, his <strong>1941</strong> driving licence and a reference card in the Amsterdam population register, it was<em> Viktor Gustav Kugler</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"fyfp4\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>His death certificate&nbsp;dated <strong>15 December 1981</strong> lists <em>Victor Kugler</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0nvjr\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Whether the variations arose from carelessness or from other causes is not clear. It is possible that the breve, which came above the &#39;u&#39; in older official documents, was later mistaken for an umlaut. The addition Gustav or Gustave was first used in the Netherlands.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>When Anne Frank wrote the second version (the B version) of her diary, she wrote a list of the names she wanted to give the people in a book to be published later.&nbsp;She gave Victor Kugler the name&nbsp;<em>Harry Kraler</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kvkrc\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> In the first edition of the diary (1947), this became <em>Mr Kraler</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"89nkf\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Fake name</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>After his escape during transport to Germany, Victor Kugler used a personal identification card in the name of <em>Johannes Kuinders</em> born <strong>12 December 1900</strong> in Soest, living at Da Costastraat 36 in Zwolle and working as an assistant at the PTT. This date of birth was a doubling of his actual date of birth of&nbsp;<strong>6 June</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"vh5b6\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6265s\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS),&nbsp; Ane Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Kugler_I_026: Geburts- und Taufschein Viktor Kugler, 12 mei 1928.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xd8ek\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_001: Doopbewijs van Victor Kugler.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"js6ag\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_003:&nbsp;Schoolrapport van Viktor Kugler van de Allgemeine Volks- und B&uuml;rgerschule in Hohenelbe, schooljaar 1906-1907 &amp; A_Kugler_I_011: Schoolrapport van het Norbertinum zu Hamborn, Rektoratschule van Viktor Kugler, schooljaar 1912-1913.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f1ljc\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_018: &quot;Stammbuch Viktor Kugler&quot;:</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yit1q\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_022: Lehrbrief Handwerkskammer te M&uuml;nster van Victor Kugler,&nbsp;7 september 1920.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"eovwz\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_024: Diploma Nederlandsche Handelscorrespondentie, afgegeven aan Victor Gustav Kugler.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"guvmk\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bevolkingsregister Hilversum, Gezinskaart V.G. Kugler.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cr7ju\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Noord-Hollands Archief, Haarlem, Handelsregister Hilversum, inv. nr. 199: Dossier 8859, Aakteletter a.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fyfp4\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Utrechts Archief, Utrecht, Burgerlijke Stand Utrecht, inv. nr. 358, aktenr. 81; AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_029:&nbsp;Persoonsbewijs van Victor Gustav Kugler; Stadsarchief Amsterdam, toegangsnummer 30238: Verwijskaart in het Bevolkingsregister van Amsterdam.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0nvjr\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_050: Overlijdensakte van Victor Kugler.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kvkrc\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>&#39;Pseudoniemenlijstje&#39;, in: Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie (NIOD) (samenst.), <em>De dagboeken van Anne Frank</em>, 5e, verbeterde en uitgebreide druk, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2001, p. 70.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"89nkf\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, <em>Het Achterhuis: dagboekbrieven van 12 Juni 1942 - 1 Augustus 1944</em>, Amsterdam: Contact, 1947.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vh5b6\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_033: Persoonsbewijs 039971 t.n.v. J. Kuinders.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
    "description_nl": "<p>De familienaam <em>Kugler</em> is afkomstig van Victors moeder Emilie Kugler. De naam van zijn vader is niet bekend.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6265s\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup><em>&nbsp;</em>De schrijfwijze van de&nbsp;naam&nbsp;<em>Victor Kugler</em> is in de loop der jaren vaak veranderd.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Op Victor Kuglers doopkaartje staat de naam <em>Victor Kŭgler</em>, met breve op de u.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xd8ek\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Op zijn schoolrapport voor het schooljaar <strong>1906-&rsquo;07</strong>&nbsp;staat <em>Viktor Kugler</em>, zonder breve op de u. Ook op de andere schoolrapporten staat de naam zo geschreven. In het schooljaar <strong>1912-&rsquo;13</strong> komt de schrijfwijze met de breve&nbsp;weer eenmalig voor. De rapporten uit de jaren <strong>1915</strong> en <strong>1916</strong> wisselen de twee versies af.<sup data-footnote-id=\"js6ag\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Zelf gebruikte hij <em>Viktor Kugler</em> als ondertekening van het gedicht <em>Deutsch sein</em> in zijn <em>Stammbuch</em>, gedateerd <strong>17 augustus 1916</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f1ljc\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>In een&nbsp;&quot;Lehr-Brief&quot; van de Handwerkskammer M&uuml;nster uit <strong>1920</strong>&nbsp;staat&nbsp;ook&nbsp;<em>Victor Kugler</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yit1q\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Op zijn diploma Handelscorrespondentie d.d. <strong>21 maart 1923</strong>&nbsp;staat <em>Victor Gustave K&uuml;gler</em> vermeld.<sup data-footnote-id=\"eovwz\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Het bevolkingsregister van Hilversum schreef hem in <strong>1933</strong>&nbsp;in als <em>Viktor Gustav K&uuml;gler</em>. Later werd&nbsp;dit op aanwijzing van de Burgerlijke Stand te Utrecht weer veranderd in <em>Kugler</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"guvmk\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>In het KvK-dossier van Gies en Co. staat&nbsp;<em>Victor Gustav Kugler</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cr7ju\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Volgens zijn trouwakte uit <strong>1928</strong>, zijn rijbewijs uit <strong>1941</strong> en een verwijskaartje in het Amsterdamse bevolkingsregister was het<em> Viktor Gustav Kugler</em>&nbsp;.<sup data-footnote-id=\"fyfp4\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Op het &lsquo;death certificate&rsquo; van <strong>15 december 1981</strong> staat <em>Victor Kugler</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0nvjr\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Of de variaties door slordigheid of door andere oorzaken zijn ontstaan, is niet duidelijk. Mogelijk is de breve, die in oudere ambtelijke stukken boven de &lsquo;u&rsquo; kwam, later voor een umlaut aangezien. De toevoeging Gustav of Gustave werd voor het eerst in Nederland gebruikt.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Toen Anne de tweede versie (versie b) van haar dagboek schreef,&nbsp;noteerde ze op een lijstje&nbsp;welke namen ze de personen in een later te publiceren boek&nbsp;wilde geven. Victor Kugler staat daarop vermeld als <em>Harry Kraler</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kvkrc\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> In de eerste uitgave van het dagboek (1947) werd&nbsp;dat <em>mijnheer Kraler</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"89nkf\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Valse naam</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Na zijn ontsnapping tijdens transport naar Duitsland gebruikte Victor Kugler een persoonsbewijs ten name van <em>Johannes Kuinders</em> geboren <strong>12 december 1900</strong> te Soest, woonachtig Da Costastraat 36 in Zwolle en van beroep assistent bij de PTT. Deze geboortedatum was een verdubbeling van zijn feitelijke geboortedatum <strong>6 juni</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"vh5b6\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6265s\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS),&nbsp; Ane Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Kugler_I_026: Geburts- und Taufschein Viktor Kugler, 12 mei 1928.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xd8ek\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_001: Doopbewijs van Victor Kugler.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"js6ag\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_003:&nbsp;Schoolrapport van Viktor Kugler van de Allgemeine Volks- und B&uuml;rgerschule in Hohenelbe, schooljaar 1906-1907 &amp; A_Kugler_I_011: Schoolrapport van het Norbertinum zu Hamborn, Rektoratschule van Viktor Kugler, schooljaar 1912-1913.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f1ljc\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_018: &quot;Stammbuch Viktor Kugler&quot;:</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yit1q\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_022: Lehrbrief Handwerkskammer te M&uuml;nster van Victor Kugler,&nbsp;7 september 1920.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"eovwz\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_024: Diploma Nederlandsche Handelscorrespondentie, afgegeven aan Victor Gustav Kugler.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"guvmk\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bevolkingsregister Hilversum, Gezinskaart V.G. Kugler.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cr7ju\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Noord-Hollands Archief, Haarlem, Handelsregister Hilversum, inv. nr. 199: Dossier 8859, Aakteletter a.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fyfp4\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Utrechts Archief, Utrecht, Burgerlijke Stand Utrecht, inv. nr. 358, aktenr. 81; AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_029:&nbsp;Persoonsbewijs van Victor Gustav Kugler; Stadsarchief Amsterdam, toegangsnummer 30238: Verwijskaart in het Bevolkingsregister van Amsterdam.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0nvjr\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_050: Overlijdensakte van Victor Kugler.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kvkrc\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>&#39;Pseudoniemenlijstje&#39;, in: Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie (NIOD) (samenst.), <em>De dagboeken van Anne Frank</em>, 5e, verbeterde en uitgebreide druk, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2001, p. 70.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"89nkf\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, <em>Het Achterhuis: dagboekbrieven van 12 Juni 1942 - 1 Augustus 1944</em>, Amsterdam: Contact, 1947.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vh5b6\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_033: Persoonsbewijs 039971 t.n.v. J. Kuinders.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
    "description_en": "<p>The surname <em>Kugler</em> comes from Victor&#39;s mother Emilie Kugler. The name of his father is not known.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6265s\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup><em> </em>The spelling of the name <em>Victor Kugler</em>&nbsp;changed many times over the years.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Victor Kugler&#39;s christening card shows the name <em>Victor Kŭgler</em>, with a breve on the u.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xd8ek\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>His school report for the <strong>1906-&#39;07</strong> school year shows <em>Viktor Kugler</em>, without breve on the u. The name is also written this way on other school reports. In the <strong>1912-&#39;13</strong> school year, the spelling with the breve occurs once again. Reports from the years <strong>1915</strong> and <strong>1916</strong> alternate between the two versions.<sup data-footnote-id=\"js6ag\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>He himself used <em>Viktor Kugler</em> to sign the poem <em>Deutsch sein</em> in his <em>Stammbuch</em>, dated <strong>17 August 1916</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f1ljc\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>A <strong>1920</strong> &quot;Lehr-Brief&quot; of the Handwerkskammer M&uuml;nster also mentions <em>Victor Kugler</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yit1q\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li><em>Victor Gustave K&uuml;gler</em> is listed on his diploma in Commercial Correspondence dated <strong>21 March 1923</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"eovwz\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The population register of Hilversum registered him as <em>Viktor Gustav K&uuml;gler</em> in <strong>1933</strong>. Later, this was changed again to <em>Kugler</em> on instructions from the Civil Registry of Utrecht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"guvmk\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The CoC file of Gies and Co. lists <em>Victor Gustav Kugler</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cr7ju\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>According to his <strong>1928</strong> marriage certificate, his <strong>1941</strong> driving licence and a reference card in the Amsterdam population register, it was<em> Viktor Gustav Kugler</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"fyfp4\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>His death certificate&nbsp;dated <strong>15 December 1981</strong> lists <em>Victor Kugler</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0nvjr\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Whether the variations arose from carelessness or from other causes is not clear. It is possible that the breve, which came above the &#39;u&#39; in older official documents, was later mistaken for an umlaut. The addition Gustav or Gustave was first used in the Netherlands.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>When Anne Frank wrote the second version (the B version) of her diary, she wrote a list of the names she wanted to give the people in a book to be published later.&nbsp;She gave Victor Kugler the name&nbsp;<em>Harry Kraler</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kvkrc\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> In the first edition of the diary (1947), this became <em>Mr Kraler</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"89nkf\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1><strong>Fake name</strong></h1>\r\n\r\n<p>After his escape during transport to Germany, Victor Kugler used a personal identification card in the name of <em>Johannes Kuinders</em> born <strong>12 December 1900</strong> in Soest, living at Da Costastraat 36 in Zwolle and working as an assistant at the PTT. This date of birth was a doubling of his actual date of birth of&nbsp;<strong>6 June</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"vh5b6\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6265s\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS),&nbsp; Ane Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Kugler_I_026: Geburts- und Taufschein Viktor Kugler, 12 mei 1928.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xd8ek\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_001: Doopbewijs van Victor Kugler.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"js6ag\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_003:&nbsp;Schoolrapport van Viktor Kugler van de Allgemeine Volks- und B&uuml;rgerschule in Hohenelbe, schooljaar 1906-1907 &amp; A_Kugler_I_011: Schoolrapport van het Norbertinum zu Hamborn, Rektoratschule van Viktor Kugler, schooljaar 1912-1913.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f1ljc\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_018: &quot;Stammbuch Viktor Kugler&quot;:</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yit1q\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_022: Lehrbrief Handwerkskammer te M&uuml;nster van Victor Kugler,&nbsp;7 september 1920.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"eovwz\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_024: Diploma Nederlandsche Handelscorrespondentie, afgegeven aan Victor Gustav Kugler.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"guvmk\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bevolkingsregister Hilversum, Gezinskaart V.G. Kugler.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cr7ju\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Noord-Hollands Archief, Haarlem, Handelsregister Hilversum, inv. nr. 199: Dossier 8859, Aakteletter a.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"fyfp4\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Utrechts Archief, Utrecht, Burgerlijke Stand Utrecht, inv. nr. 358, aktenr. 81; AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_029:&nbsp;Persoonsbewijs van Victor Gustav Kugler; Stadsarchief Amsterdam, toegangsnummer 30238: Verwijskaart in het Bevolkingsregister van Amsterdam.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0nvjr\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_050: Overlijdensakte van Victor Kugler.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kvkrc\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>&#39;Pseudoniemenlijstje&#39;, in: Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie (NIOD) (samenst.), <em>De dagboeken van Anne Frank</em>, 5e, verbeterde en uitgebreide druk, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2001, p. 70.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"89nkf\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, <em>Het Achterhuis: dagboekbrieven van 12 Juni 1942 - 1 Augustus 1944</em>, Amsterdam: Contact, 1947.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vh5b6\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Kugler_I_033: Persoonsbewijs 039971 t.n.v. J. Kuinders.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
    "summary": "Variations of Victor Kugler's name.",
    "summary_nl": "Naamsvarianten van Victor Kugler.",
    "summary_en": "Variations of Victor Kugler's name.",
    "same_as": null,
    "parent": 396124518,
    "files": []
}