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Anne Frank at the Joods Lyceum

Anne Frank attended the Jewish Lyceum in Amsterdam from 15 October 1941 to 6 July 1942.

Event

Oct. 15, 1941 - July 6, 1942

52.361351 N 4.90487 E

Voormalige Stadstimmertuin 1

Amsterdam

Nederland

Anne Frank attended the Jewish Lyceum in Amsterdam from the beginning of the 1941-1942 school year until she had to go into hiding on 6 July 1942.

After sixth grade, Anne was actually supposed to stay at the 6th Montessori school for a seventh year, but due to anti-Jewish measures, she had to be transferred to a Jewish primary Montessori school. It was then decided that she could go on to middle school anyway. She was accepted at the Jewish Lyceum at Voormalige Stadstimmertuin 1.[1]

However, according to Anne, her admission was not without controversy:

"After a lot of back and forth, discussions and consultations, it had come together after all, that I would go to the Jewish Lyceum and after a few more phone calls even without an entrance exam."[2]

And:

"(...) I was accepted to the Jewish Lyceum on a conditional basis. I was supposed to stay in the seventh grade at the Montessori School, but when Jewish children were required to go to Jewish schools, Mr. Elte finally agreed, after a great deal of persuasion, to accept Lies Goslar and me".[3]

Anne thus entered class 1L2 of the Jewish Lyceum in the school year 1941-1942. The first day of class was on 15 October 1941.[4] Her classmates were:[5]

  • Beer, Joseph de
  • Blitz, Nanette
  • Bloemendal, Betty
  • Blom, Leon H.E.
  • Bonewit, Emanuel (Emile)
  • Cohen, Robert (Rob) Maurits
  • Coster, Maurice Simon (Theo)
  • Duijzend, Leni
  • Erlichman, Zunia
  • Gomes de Mesquita, Albert
  • Goslar, Hannah (Hanneli)
  • Jong, Eva (Eefje) de
  • Joseph, Werner
  • Kokernoot, Jacques
  • Koopman, Herman Louis
  • Lobatto, Marie (Miep)
  • Maarsen, Jacqueline van
  • Metz, Henriette (Hennie) Rebecca
  • Pimentel, Maurits Pim
  • Praag Sigaar, Nanette (Nannie) van
  • Reens, Abraham (Appie)
  • Salomon, Samuel
  • Schaap, Harry Max
  • Slager, Leo
  • Springer, Salomon (Sallie)
  • Stoppelman, Ru
  • Velde, Max van der
  • Wagner, Ilse
  • Zajde, Danka

And possibly also:

  • Zuiden, Yvonne Eveline van

Anne was taught by the following teachers:[2]

  • Biegel, Johanna Berdine (Biology)
  • Carvalho, Israël (German)
  • Jong, Samuel de (Art)
  • Keesing, Aäron (Mathematics)
  • Meijer, Jaap (History)
  • Monasch, Josephina Maria (Gymnastics)
  • Pos, Willy Philip (Dutch)
  • Premsela, Martin (French)
  • Sluizer, Max (Geography)

In the first pages of the diary, Anne writes extensively about classmates and teachers.[6] These notes were written before the time in hiding, between 12 June and 6 July 1942. Anne paints several classmates in a rather negative light here.[7] In her book of Tales Anne writes about various events that took place at the Jewish Lyceum and the people involved.[8]

Anne - like Hanneli Goslar and Stella Lek (from class 3B1) - was tutored by Martin Premsela.[9] He was a French teacher[10] and came from the Girls' High School.[11] According to one of Anne's stories, she and Hanneli had caused an incident in one of Premsela's French lessons. There had been a lot of cheating going on during a test, and Hanneli had be unable to keep quiet about it. Anne and Hanneli were then called 'betrayers' by the class. Together they wrote a penitent letter to the class.[12] Anne was taught from the book 'Frans voor de Middelbare School. Woordenlijst bij het eerste leerboek' (French for Secondary School. Glossary to the first textbook). This book has been preserved. The left-hand side of the cover reads: Jewish Lyceum 1941-1942. Anne Frank.[13]

Aaron Keesing was a teacher of mathematics, physics and mechanics.[14] Anne was told by Keesing several times to write an essay as punishment for chattering too much. The first time the given topic was 'A Chatterbox', the second time 'An Incorrigible Chatterbox', the third time 'Quack, Quack, Quack Said Mistress Chatterback'.[15]

The PE teacher was Josephina Maria Monasch.[12] According to Anne, she arranged for Hanneli to join her in the first class.[4]

Anne was taught biology by Miss Biegel. 'Een Biologie-les' (A Biology Lesson) discussed the cheating incident during French again, when Miss Biegel intercepted a note from Rob Cohen that read 'Betrayer'.[16]

Anne was taught from the history book Beknopt leerboek der geschiedenis van het Vaderland by De Boer and Presser. She wrote her name and the note Jewish Lyceum 1941-1942 in it. This textbook has been preserved.[17]

The famous portrait photo of Anne dates back to the period at the Jewish Lyceum.[18]

The second school year, 1942-43 – in hiding and deportation

On 6 July 1942, Anne's school career came to a forced end as she and her family had to go into hiding. Some of her classmates did the same. After the summer holidays of 1942, some of the thirty Jewish students who had started at the Jewish Lyceum in October 1941 in class 1L2 passed to class 2B. Among them were, as far as is known, the following students: Joseph de Beer, Nanette Blitz, Leo Blom, Emile Bonewit, Hannah Goslar, Eefje de Jong, Werner Joseph, Miep Lobatto, Jacqueline van Maarsen, Hennie Metz, Pim Pimentel, Appie Reens, Harry Schaap, Leo Slager, Hartogine Sophia Turfkruijer and Ilse Wagner.[19] Over the course of the school year, the number of students would continue to decrease. They were called up and reported for transport to Germany, were arrested during a razzia, or went into hiding. By June 1943, only three students remained in the class.[20]

The mother of classmate Jacqueline van Maarsen managed to have herself and her daughters classified as non-Jewish, under the pretext that her husband had registered her and the children as Jews without her knowledge. As a result, Jacqueline and her sister were able to be deregistered from the Jewish Lyceum. They no longer had to wear a star and escaped further persecution.[21]

Seventeen students were killed in concentration and extermination camps: eight students in Auschwitz (Jopie de Beer, Betty Bloemendaal, Zunia Erlichman, Jacques Kokernoot, Nannie van Praag-Sigaar, Samuel Salomon, Harry Schaap and Ru Stoppelman) and eight students in Sobibor (Emile Bonewit, Eefje de Jong, Werner Joseph, Hennie Metz, Abraham Reens, Leo Slager, Sallie Springer and Ilse Wagner). Three pupils ended up in Bergen-Belsen, where Anne Frank died, while Hannah Goslar and Nannie Blitz survived. Pim Pimentel was liberated in Theresienstadt. Ten students managed to find a place to hide (Leo Blom, Robert Maurits Cohen, Maurice Coster, Leni Duijzend, Albert Gomes de Mesquita, Herman Koopman, Miep Lobatto, Max van der Velde and Danka Zajde). With the exception of Anne, they would survive until the liberation.

Footnotes

  1. ^ Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 16 June 1942, in The Collected Works, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019. . According to the B Version, 5 July 1942, this was conditional.
  2. a, b Anne Frank, Tales and events from the Secret Annexe, "My First Day at the Lyceum", 11 August 1943, in: The Collected Works.
  3. ^ Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 5 July 1942, in: The Collected Works.
  4. a, b  NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Archief 181e (W.S.H. Elte), inv. nr. 1, rector Joods Lyceum aan de inspecteur voor de Lycea, 10 oktober 1941.
  5. ^ NIOD, Archief 181e (W.S.H. Elte), inv. nr. 2f: Absentenregister klas 1LII Joods Lyceum, 1 maart – 17 juli 1942.
  6. ^ Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 14 June 1942, in: The Collected Works.
  7. ^ Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 15 June 1942, in: The Collected Works.
  8. ^ Anne Frank, Tales and events from the Secret Annex, "Do You Remember?", "My First Day at the Lyceum", "A Biology Lesson" and "A Maths Lesson", in: The Collected Works.
  9. ^ Dienke Hondius, Absent. Herinneringen aan het Joods Lyceum Amsterdam, 1941-1943, Amsterdam: Vassallucci, 2001, p. 80.
  10. ^ Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart M.J. Premsela.
  11. ^ Gedenkboek ter gelegenheid van het 25-jarig bestaan van het Gemeentelijk Lyceum voor Meisjes te Amsterdam en het afscheid van Dr Magrita J. Freie als rectrix van deze school, Amsterdam, 1950, p. 33.
  12. a, b Anne Frank, Tales and events from the Secret Annexe, "Do You Remember?", in: The Collected Works.
  13. ^ Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_AFrank_VII_004: Frans voor de Middelbare School.
  14. ^ Hondius, Absent, p. 290.
  15. ^ Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 21 June 1942; Tales and events from the Secret Annexe, "A Maths Lesson", 12 August 1943, in: The Collected Works.
  16. ^ Anne Frank, Tales and evens from he Secret Annexe, "A biology lessson", 11 August 1943, in: The Collected Works.
  17. ^ AFS, AFC, reg. code A_AFrank_VII_006: Beknopt leerboek der geschiedenis.
  18. ^ AFS, AFC, reg. code A_AFrank_III_012: Portretfoto van Anne Frank op het Joods Lyceum, zittend aan een tafeltje met boek.
  19. ^ NIOD, Archief 181e (W.S.H. Elte), inv. nr. 2: Correspondentie met de inspecteur der Gemeentebelastingen en anderen over komst en vertrek van leerlingen, en over regelingen m.b.t. het schoolgeld, 24 september 1941 - 18 februari 1943.
  20. ^ Jacques Presser, Ondergang. De vervolging en verdelging van het Nederlandse jodendom 1940-1945, Den Haag: Staatsuitgeverij, 1985, p. 496.
  21. ^ Jacqueline van Maarsen, Ik heet Anne, zei ze, Anne Frank. Herinneringen van Jacqueline van Maarsen, Amsterdam: Cossee, 2003, p. 131-133.

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