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Emigration in the late 1930s

Events in 1938 and 1939 once again triggered a large flow of refugees. The 'Anschluss' of Austria, the annexation of parts of Czechoslovakia by Nazi Germany and the infamous Kristallnacht resulted in a new exodus.

Subject

In March 1938, Austria was annexed by Germany. This so-called 'Anschluss' resulted in both Jewish and non-Jewish Austrians fleeing the country. The annexation of parts of Czechoslovakia in October 1938 also led to a flood of refugees. Kristallnacht, the infamous November 1938 pogrom against the Jewish inhabitants of Germany and the accompanying murders, physcial abuse, looting and arson led many Jews to leave Germany in a hurry.[1] Among them were Fritz Pfeffer and Charlotte Kaletta.[2]

Footnotes

  1. ^ See.: Hermann Graml, Reichskristallnacht: Antisemitismus und Judenverfolgung im Dritten Reich, München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag dtv, 1988; Walter H. Pehle (Hrsg.), Der Judenpogrom 1938: von der Reichskristallnacht zum Völkermord, Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch, 1988; Kurt Pätzold & Irene Runge Pogromnacht 1938, Berlin: Dietz, 1988; Rita Thalmann & Emmanuel Feinermann, Die Kristallnacht, Frankfurt am Main: Athenäum, 1988; Uta Gerhardt & Thomas Karlauf, Nie mehr zurück in dieses Land,. Berlin: Ullstein Buchverlage, cop. 2009.
  2. ^ See: Gertjan Broek, Emigranten rond het Achterhuis van Anne Frank, in: De moderne tijd, jrg. 3, nr. 3 (2019), p. 211-226.