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Edith Frank-Holländer's nationality

Edith Holländer Frank was German, but died stateless.

Subject

Edith Holländer was born a Prussian national.[1] Since 1815, Aachen belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia, which meant that its inhabitants were granted Prussian nationality.[2] n 1871, the German Empire was established, but the population retained their separate Prussian, Bavarian, Saxon, etc. nationalities. After 1933, the various states, including Prussia, were brought into line with the Third Reich. The transition from Prussian to German was a consequence of the Gleichschaltungsgesetze (Consolidation Laws) of 31 March and 7 April 1933.[3] From February 1934 onwards, all citizens were assigned Deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit (German nationality).[4] Edith's personal index card in the Amsterdam population register therefore states that she had German nationality.[5]

On 25 November 1941, Otto Frank and his family became stateless citizens overnight[6] as a consquence of the Elfte Verordnung zum Reichsbürgergesetz (Eleventh Decree of the Reich Citizenship Law) of 25 November 1941. This regulation decreed that all Jews with German nationality living abroad would lose their citizenship.[7] Edith also died stateless.[8]

Footnotes

  1. ^ Institut für Stadtgeschichte, Frankfurt am Main, Hausstandsbücher, nr.1.382 (kopie bij: Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), afd. Collecties, Collectie in handen van derden, Instellingen buitenland).
  2. ^ Wikipedia: Free Imperial City of Aachen.
  3. ^ Wikipedia: Gleichschaltung.
  4. ^ Verfassungen der Welt: Verordnung über die deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit vom 5. Februar 1934.
  5. ^ Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Edith Holländer (kopie onafgeplakte versie bij: AFS, afd. Collecties, Coll in handen van derden, Instellingen Nederland, SAA).
  6. ^ NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, inv. nr. 242a, Archief van de Höhere SS- und Polizeiführer, Generalkommissar für das Sicherheitswesen, 1940-1945: Kaart 'Bureau Registratie' t.n.v. Edith Frank.
  7. ^ Verfassungen der Welt: Elfte Verordnung zum Reichsbürgergesetz (1941).
  8. ^ Het Nederlandse Rode Kruis, Den Haag, Rode Kruis Oorlogsnazorg, dossier 117267, volgnr. 4: “Inhaftierungsbescheinigung” door International Tracing Service, 12 april 195 (kopie bij: AFS, afd. Collecties, Collectie in handen van derden, Instellingen Nederland).

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