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{
"id": 2405,
"image": {
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"uuid": "aa7597eb-261c-4b58-a54f-d015b8df20e0",
"name": "Wilhelmina der Nederlanden",
"title": "Wilhelmina der Nederlanden",
"alt": "Vervaardiger onbekend. Collectie Elsevier. Nationaal Archief, Den Haag.",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/Koningin_Wilhelmina.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "http://hdl.handle.net/10648/adb1d86a-d0b4-102d-bcf8-003048976d84",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek",
"copyright": "Publiek domein"
},
"pictures": [],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/3bffe134-63b3-451a-a71b-77d0f61a6f1b/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/3c23b216-9276-456b-b53d-370173d568f8?format=api",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/9251b259-d69a-47b8-95a5-72a60d78fb14?format=api"
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"published": true,
"uuid": "3bffe134-63b3-451a-a71b-77d0f61a6f1b",
"first_name": "Wilhelmina",
"last_name": "Nederlanden",
"infix": "der",
"title": "Wilhelmina of the Netherlands",
"title_nl": "Wilhelmina der Nederlanden",
"title_en": "Wilhelmina of the Netherlands",
"content": "<p>Wilhelmina was the daughter of Willem III and Emma van Waldeck-Pyrmont. She was Queen<sup data-footnote-id=\"amqf3\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> of the Netherlands from <strong>1890 to 1948</strong> (her mother was the regent until <strong>1898</strong>). In <strong>1901 </strong>she married Prince Hendrik. Princess Juliana was their only child.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Wilhelmina left The Hague with the intention of going to Zeeland in <strong>May 1940</strong>. When the province came under heavy bombardment from the Luftwaffe, the plans changed and she went instead to England in a British naval ship. Thereafter she headed the Dutch government in exile. The relationship with this cabinet proved to be difficult.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ijp4k\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Wilhelmina was considered a "vital notion of solidarity" among the heads of state who had been forced to flee to London as a result of the war.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hauy3\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> During the speech mentioned by Anne in her diary, the Queen said: <em>As soon as I'm back with you, plans will be made to honour those who have taken on these heavy burdens</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r2tii\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>3 July 1947</strong> Otto Frank sent Wilhelmina a copy of <em>The Secret Annex</em>. He told her that Anne had been devoted to the royal family. He briefly touched on the statelessness of his family. Wilhelmina’s private secretary wrote a thank-you letter on <strong>8 July</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2yjwz\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> After she abdicated, Wilhelmina wrote her autobiography <em>Eenzaam maar niet alleen </em>(Amsterdam 1959).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ijp4k\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"amqf3\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne referred to her as: <em>the queen</em>. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 30 December 1943, 11 May 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ijp4k\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands\" target=\"_blank\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands</a> (geraadpleegd april 2014).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hauy3\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Wilhelmina prinses der Nederlanden, <em>Eenzaam maar niet alleen, </em>Amsterdam: Ten Have, 1959, p. 332.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r2tii\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Wilhelmina prinses der Nederlanden, <em>Eenzaam maar niet alleen</em>, p. 359.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2yjwz\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg, code OFA_100: M. Kohnstamm aan Otto Frank, 8 juli 1947.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Wilhelmina was de dochter van Willem III en Emma van Waldeck-Pyrmont. Ze was koningin<sup data-footnote-id=\"amqf3\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> van Nederland van <strong>1890 tot 1948</strong> (tot <strong>1898</strong> was haar moeder haar regentes). In <strong>1901</strong> trouwde ze met prins Hendrik. Prinses Juliana was hun enig kind.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Tijdens de <strong>meidagen van 1940</strong> verliet Wilhelmina Den Haag om naar Zeeland te gaan. Toen die provincie zware aanvallen van de Luftwaffe kreeg te doorstaan, veranderden de plannen en vertrok ze met een Brits marineschip naar Engeland. Ze stond daar vervolgens aan het hoofd van de Nederlandse regering in ballingschap. De verstandhoudig met dit kabinet was doorgaans stroef.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ijp4k\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Wilhelmina ervoer een 'wezenlijk solidariteitsbewustzijn' tussen de staatshoofden die door de oorlog noodgedwongen in Londen bevonden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hauy3\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> In de toespraak waar Anne in haar dagboek op doelt, zei de koningin onder meer: '<em>Zodra ik weer in Uw midden ben, zullen plannen worden gemaakt om hen, die deze grote taak hebben overgenomen, te eren</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r2tii\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>3 juli 1947</strong> stuurde Otto Frank aan Wilhelmina een exemplaar van <em>Het Achterhuis</em>. Hij liet weten dat Anne erg aan het koningshuis was gehecht. Hij stipte de statenloosheid van zijn gezin terloops aan. Wilhelmina’s particulier secretaris schreef op <strong>8 juli</strong> een bedankbrief.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2yjwz\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Wilhelmina schreef na haar abdicatie het autobiografische <em>Eenzaam maar niet alleen </em>(1959).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ijp4k\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"amqf3\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Wordt door Anne aangeduid als: <em>de koningin</em>. Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 30 december 1943, 11 mei 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ijp4k\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmina_der_Nederlanden\" target=\"_blank\">http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmina_der_Nederlanden</a> (geraadpleegd april 2014).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hauy3\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Wilhelmina prinses der Nederlanden, <em>Eenzaam maar niet alleen, </em>Amsterdam: Ten Have, 1959, p. 332.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r2tii\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Wilhelmina prinses der Nederlanden, <em>Eenzaam maar niet alleen</em>, p. 359.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2yjwz\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg, code OFA_100: M. Kohnstamm aan Otto Frank, 8 juli 1947.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Wilhelmina was the daughter of Willem III and Emma van Waldeck-Pyrmont. She was Queen<sup data-footnote-id=\"amqf3\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> of the Netherlands from <strong>1890 to 1948</strong> (her mother was the regent until <strong>1898</strong>). In <strong>1901 </strong>she married Prince Hendrik. Princess Juliana was their only child.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Wilhelmina left The Hague with the intention of going to Zeeland in <strong>May 1940</strong>. When the province came under heavy bombardment from the Luftwaffe, the plans changed and she went instead to England in a British naval ship. Thereafter she headed the Dutch government in exile. The relationship with this cabinet proved to be difficult.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ijp4k\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Wilhelmina was considered a "vital notion of solidarity" among the heads of state who had been forced to flee to London as a result of the war.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hauy3\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> During the speech mentioned by Anne in her diary, the Queen said: <em>As soon as I'm back with you, plans will be made to honour those who have taken on these heavy burdens</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r2tii\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>3 July 1947</strong> Otto Frank sent Wilhelmina a copy of <em>The Secret Annex</em>. He told her that Anne had been devoted to the royal family. He briefly touched on the statelessness of his family. Wilhelmina’s private secretary wrote a thank-you letter on <strong>8 July</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2yjwz\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> After she abdicated, Wilhelmina wrote her autobiography <em>Eenzaam maar niet alleen </em>(Amsterdam 1959).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ijp4k\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"amqf3\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne referred to her as: <em>the queen</em>. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 30 December 1943, 11 May 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ijp4k\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands\" target=\"_blank\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands</a> (geraadpleegd april 2014).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hauy3\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Wilhelmina prinses der Nederlanden, <em>Eenzaam maar niet alleen, </em>Amsterdam: Ten Have, 1959, p. 332.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r2tii\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Wilhelmina prinses der Nederlanden, <em>Eenzaam maar niet alleen</em>, p. 359.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2yjwz\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg, code OFA_100: M. Kohnstamm aan Otto Frank, 8 juli 1947.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"birth_date": "1880-08-31",
"death_date": "1962-11-28",
"gender": "female",
"birth_place": "Den Haag",
"birth_country": "Nederland",
"death_place": "Apeldoorn",
"death_country": "Nederland",
"summary": "Wilhelmina was Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 to 1948.",
"summary_nl": "Wilhelmina was koningin van Nederland van 1890 tot 1948",
"summary_en": "Wilhelmina was Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 to 1948.",
"same_as": [
"https://data.niod.nl/WO2_biografieen/Wilhelmina-der-Nederlanden"
],
"files": []
}
