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{
"id": 2236,
"image": {
"id": 972,
"uuid": "b95f94b9-5d42-479a-adb3-d15c03039c7d",
"name": "Gerrit Bolkestein",
"title": "Gerrit Bolkestein",
"alt": "Vervaardiger onbekend. Collectie Anefo. Nationaal Archief, Den Haag.",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/Gerrit_Bolkestein.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "http://hdl.handle.net/10648/ad8790a0-d0b4-102d-bcf8-003048976d84",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek",
"copyright": "Publiek domein"
},
"pictures": [],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/eab8c158-7480-49f2-833a-c574268b06c3/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/9251b259-d69a-47b8-95a5-72a60d78fb14?format=api"
],
"published": true,
"uuid": "eab8c158-7480-49f2-833a-c574268b06c3",
"first_name": "Gerrit",
"last_name": "Bolkestein",
"infix": "",
"title": "Gerrit Bolkestein",
"title_nl": "Gerrit Bolkestein",
"title_en": "Gerrit Bolkestein",
"content": "<p>Gerrit Bolkestein was Minister of Education in the Dutch government in exile in London. He became Minister of Education in the De Geer Cabinet in <strong>1939 </strong>and remained so until <strong>1945</strong>. He went to London in May of <strong>1940</strong>. In <strong>1943</strong>, he called on Dutch students not to sign the declaration of loyalty.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jkvdi\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On<strong> 28 March 1944</strong>, he announced via Radio Oranje that a collection of diaries and other personal documents from the period of occupation would be established after the war. He said: "<em>If posterity is to fully appreciate what we as a people have endured and overcome in these years, then we need just the simple items: a diary, letters from a worker in Germany, [...] speeches from a minister.</em>"<sup data-footnote-id=\"3bu45\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Anne heard this broadcast, and got the idea to write a novel about her experiences in hiding.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8afqe\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Otto Frank reminded Bolkestein of his appeal in a letter on <strong>6 February 1946</strong> and asked for an interview. Bolkestein referred him two days later to the (then) RIOD.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mvh6s\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> In <strong>June 1947</strong>, Otto Frank sent Bolkestein a copy of The Secret Annex, saying that the minister was mentioned in the note of <strong>29 March 1944</strong>. Bolkestein wrote a thank-you note on <strong>30 June 1947</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mvh6s\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Addresses</em>: Amstelkade 169 huis, Amsterdam (’37); Groenhovenstraat 32, The Hague (’39).<sup data-footnote-id=\"zitw1\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jkvdi\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llivmezb/g_gerrit_bolkestein\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llivmezb/g_gerrit_bolkestein</a> (geraadpleegd maart 2012).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3bu45\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Collectie Dagboeken en Egodocumenten: Inleiding inventaris "Europese dagboeken en egodocumenten", <a href=\"http://www.archieven.nl/nl/zoeken?miview=inv2&mivast=0&mizig=210&miadt=298&micode=244&milang=nl#inv3t3\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.archieven.nl/nl/zoeken?miview=inv2&mivast=0&mizig=210&miadt=298&micode=244&milang=nl#inv3t3</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8afqe\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Versions A and B, 29 March and 14 April 1944, in <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mvh6s\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_100: Correspondentie.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zitw1\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart G. Bolkestein.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Gerrit Bolkestein was minister van Onderwijs in de Nederlandse regering in ballingschap te Londen. Hij werd in <strong>1939 </strong>minister van onderwijs in het kabinet-De Geer, en bleef dat tot <strong>1945</strong>. Hij ging in de meidagen van <strong>1940</strong> mee naar London. In <strong>1943</strong> riep hij de Nederlandse studenten op de loyaliteitsverklaring niet te tekenen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jkvdi\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>28 maart 1944 </strong>deelde hij via Radio Oranje mee dat er na de oorlog een verzameling van dagboeken en andere egodocumenten uit de bezettingsperiode zou worden aangelegd. Hij zei: '<em>Wil het nageslacht ten volle beseffen wat wij als volk in deze jaren hebben doorstaan en zijn te boven gekomen, dan hebben wij juist de eenvoudige stukken nodig: een dagboek, brieven van een arbeider uit Duitsland, [...] toespraken van een predikant</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"3bu45\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Anne hoorde deze uitzending, en kwam op het idee om een roman over haar onderduikbelevenissen te schrijven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8afqe\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Otto Frank herinnerde Bolkestein op <strong>6 februari 1946</strong> in een brief aan zijn oproep en hij vroeg in verband daarmee om een onderhoud. Bolkestein verwees hem twee dagen later naar het (toenmalige) RIOD.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mvh6s\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> In <strong>juni 1947 </strong>stuurde Otto Frank Bolkestein een exemplaar van <em>Het Achterhuis</em>, met de mededeling dat de minister in de notitie van <strong>29 maart 1944 </strong>werd genoemd. Bolkestein schreef op <strong>30 juni 1947</strong> een bedankbriefje.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mvh6s\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Adressen</em>: Amstelkade 169 huis, Amsterdam (’37); Groenhovenstraat 32, Den Haag (’39).<sup data-footnote-id=\"zitw1\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jkvdi\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llivmezb/g_gerrit_bolkestein\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llivmezb/g_gerrit_bolkestein</a> (geraadpleegd maart 2012).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3bu45\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Collectie Dagboeken en Egodocumenten: Inleiding inventaris "Europese dagboeken en egodocumenten", <a href=\"http://www.archieven.nl/nl/zoeken?miview=inv2&mivast=0&mizig=210&miadt=298&micode=244&milang=nl#inv3t3\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.archieven.nl/nl/zoeken?miview=inv2&mivast=0&mizig=210&miadt=298&micode=244&milang=nl#inv3t3</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8afqe\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A en B, 29 maart en 14 april 1944, in <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mvh6s\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_100: Correspondentie.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zitw1\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart G. Bolkestein.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Gerrit Bolkestein was Minister of Education in the Dutch government in exile in London. He became Minister of Education in the De Geer Cabinet in <strong>1939 </strong>and remained so until <strong>1945</strong>. He went to London in May of <strong>1940</strong>. In <strong>1943</strong>, he called on Dutch students not to sign the declaration of loyalty.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jkvdi\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On<strong> 28 March 1944</strong>, he announced via Radio Oranje that a collection of diaries and other personal documents from the period of occupation would be established after the war. He said: "<em>If posterity is to fully appreciate what we as a people have endured and overcome in these years, then we need just the simple items: a diary, letters from a worker in Germany, [...] speeches from a minister.</em>"<sup data-footnote-id=\"3bu45\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Anne heard this broadcast, and got the idea to write a novel about her experiences in hiding.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8afqe\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Otto Frank reminded Bolkestein of his appeal in a letter on <strong>6 February 1946</strong> and asked for an interview. Bolkestein referred him two days later to the (then) RIOD.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mvh6s\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> In <strong>June 1947</strong>, Otto Frank sent Bolkestein a copy of The Secret Annex, saying that the minister was mentioned in the note of <strong>29 March 1944</strong>. Bolkestein wrote a thank-you note on <strong>30 June 1947</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mvh6s\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Addresses</em>: Amstelkade 169 huis, Amsterdam (’37); Groenhovenstraat 32, The Hague (’39).<sup data-footnote-id=\"zitw1\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jkvdi\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"http://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llivmezb/g_gerrit_bolkestein\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.parlement.com/id/vg09llivmezb/g_gerrit_bolkestein</a> (geraadpleegd maart 2012).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3bu45\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Collectie Dagboeken en Egodocumenten: Inleiding inventaris "Europese dagboeken en egodocumenten", <a href=\"http://www.archieven.nl/nl/zoeken?miview=inv2&mivast=0&mizig=210&miadt=298&micode=244&milang=nl#inv3t3\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.archieven.nl/nl/zoeken?miview=inv2&mivast=0&mizig=210&miadt=298&micode=244&milang=nl#inv3t3</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8afqe\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Versions A and B, 29 March and 14 April 1944, in <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mvh6s\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_100: Correspondentie.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zitw1\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart G. Bolkestein.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"birth_date": "1871-10-09",
"death_date": "1956-09-08",
"gender": "male",
"birth_place": "Amsterdam",
"birth_country": "Nederland",
"death_place": "Den Haag",
"death_country": "Nederland",
"summary": "Gerrit Bolkestein was Minister of Education in the Dutch government in exile in London.",
"summary_nl": "Gerrit Bolkestein was minister van Onderwijs in de Nederlandse regering in ballingschap in Londen.",
"summary_en": "Gerrit Bolkestein was Minister of Education in the Dutch government in exile in London.",
"same_as": [
"https://data.niod.nl/WO2_biografieen/Gerrit-Bolkenstein"
],
"files": []
}
