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{
"id": 2195,
"image": {
"id": 681,
"uuid": "e9e435a9-fdaa-49f7-9733-389c5003bdc5",
"name": "Renate Wolf.JPG",
"title": "Renate Manola - Wolf, rond 1940",
"alt": "Fotograaf onbekend. Afkomstig uit privécollectie.",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/Renate%20Wolf.JPG",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "Renate Manola - Wolf (rond 1940). Foto afkomstig van dochter Judy Showers.",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek.",
"copyright": "Status onduidelijk"
},
"pictures": [],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/2a0239aa-ef2d-44db-83f2-a9b443509b9e/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/89469df2-3208-41fd-9879-91b89fde3a21?format=api",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/23e0a4d9-ced8-4d0b-859a-8fde6a540d8b?format=api",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/60372a46-0754-4cde-8460-8c2a436b879d?format=api"
],
"published": true,
"uuid": "2a0239aa-ef2d-44db-83f2-a9b443509b9e",
"first_name": "Renate",
"last_name": "Wolf",
"infix": "",
"title": "Renate Wolf",
"title_nl": "Renate Wolf",
"title_en": "Renate Wolf",
"content": "<p>Renate Wolf worked in the household of the Frank family <strong>from 25 April to 30 May 1934.</strong> Edith Frank gave her a reference, in which she praised Renate's diligence and helpfulness.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xwncf\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Renate went on to cook jams and jellies for Opteka <strong>from 2 June to 7 August 1934</strong>. Because she also performed that job satisfactorily, the company gave her a reference signed by Victor Kugler.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6287n\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On<strong> 3 July 1934</strong>, the Aliens Police recorded her departure to Antwerp with four other family members.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xo4ls\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Later the family succeeded in fleeing to the United States. Once there, Renate took on the name Renée and married Walter Manola. She and her husband managed the Carlisle Radio and TV Co. in Pennsylvania.<sup data-footnote-id=\"i7prx\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> In <strong>1978</strong> Renate sent Otto Frank congratulations on the occasion of his birthday. He thanked her for her letter. There is no information about any further correspondence between them.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6k6qp\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Source personal data (place of death unknown).<sup data-footnote-id=\"zum5v\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup><strong> </strong><em>Addresses:</em> Van Eeghenstraat 22hs, Amsterdam;<sup data-footnote-id=\"en7y3\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup>; Arend Krijtstraat 11, Diemen (1934);<sup data-footnote-id=\"gnb5n\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Carlisle, Penn. (US); Harrisburg.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pnls0\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xwncf\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit familie Manola: Getuigschrift door Edith Frank op briefpapier van Otto Frank, 1 juni 1934..</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6287n\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit familie Manola: Getuigschrift door Victor Kugler namens Opekta, 7 augustus 1934.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xo4ls\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentpolitie Amsterdam, inv. nr. 4225: Vreemdelingenkaarten voor tijdelijk verblijf, W. Wolf, L. Wolf-Sandel (met jongste dochter), R. Wolf en M. Wolf. In het geval van Renate spreekt de referentie van Opekta deze vertrekdatum tegen.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"i7prx\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief Wolf: notitie ± 1993.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6k6qp\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit familie Manola: Otto Frank aan Renée Manola, 1 juni 1978. Van verdere correspondentie tussen hen is niets bekend.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zum5v\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart W. Wolf (1883); U.S. Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007; te vinden via <a href=\"https://www.ancestry.com\">ancestry.com</a> (geraadpleegd april 2016).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"en7y3\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart W. Wolf (1883).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gnb5n\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit familie Manola (USA), Getuigschrift Nederlandsche Opekta Mij., 7 augustus 1934. De ongerijmdheid met het vorige adres is onverklaard. De inschrijfdatum in de Van Eeghenstraat past ook niet bij de periode die Edith Frank in haar referentie aangeeft. Bij de gemeente Diemen is over haar niets bekend.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pnls0\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>“Reporter at Large”, <em>Harrisburg Patriot</em>, 18 april 1980; Privébezit familie Manola: Brief Otto Frank aan Renée Manola, 1 juni 1978.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"content_nl": "<p>Renate Wolf werkte van <strong>25 april tot 30 mei 1934</strong> bij het gezin Frank in de huishouding. Edith Frank gaf haar een getuigschrift mee, waarin ze Renates vlijt en bereidwilligheid prees.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xwncf\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Vervolgens kookte ze van <strong>2 juni tot 7 augustus 1934</strong> bij Opekta jams en geleien. Omdat ze ook dat tot tevredenheid deed, gaf het bedrijf haar een door Victor Kugler ondertekend getuigschrift.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6287n\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De Vreemdelingendienst noteerde op <strong>3 juli 1934</strong> haar vertrek, met de vier andere gezinsleden, naar Antwerpen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xo4ls\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Later wist het gezin naar de Verenigde Staten uit te wijken. Renate nam daar de voornaam Renée aan en trouwde met Walter Manola. Met haar man leidde ze de Carlisle Radio and TV Co. in Pennsylvania.<sup data-footnote-id=\"i7prx\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> In <strong>1978</strong> stuurde Renate Otto Frank een gelukwens ter gelegenheid van zijn verjaardag. Hij bedankte haar per brief. Van verdere correspondentie tussen hen is niets bekend.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6k6qp\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Bron persoonsgegevens</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dn3hn\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup><em> Adressen: </em>Van Eeghenstraat 22hs, Amsterdam;<sup data-footnote-id=\"en7y3\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup>; Arend Krijtstraat 11, Diemen (1934);<sup data-footnote-id=\"gnb5n\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Carlisle, Penn. (VS); Harrisburg.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pnls0\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xwncf\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit familie Manola: Getuigschrift door Edith Frank op briefpapier van Otto Frank, 1 juni 1934.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6287n\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit familie Manola: Getuigschrift door Victor Kugler namens Opekta, 7 augustus 1934.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xo4ls\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentpolitie Amsterdam, inv. nr. 4225: Vreemdelingenkaarten voor tijdelijk verblijf, W. Wolf, L. Wolf-Sandel (met jongste dochter), R. Wolf en M. Wolf. In het geval van Renate spreekt de referentie van Opekta deze vertrekdatum tegen.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"i7prx\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief Wolf: notitie ± 1993.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6k6qp\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit familie Manola: Otto Frank aan Renée Manola, 1 juni 1978. Van verdere correspondentie tussen hen is niets bekend.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dn3hn\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart W. Wolf (1883); U.S. Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007; te vinden via <a href=\"https://www.ancestry.com\" target=\"_blank\">ancestry.com</a> (geraadpleegd april 2016).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"en7y3\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart W. Wolf (1883).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gnb5n\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit familie Manola (USA), Getuigschrift Nederlandsche Opekta Mij., 7 augustus 1934 De ongerijmdheid met het vorige adres is onverklaard. De inschrijfdatum in de Van Eeghenstraat past ook niet bij de periode die Edith Frank in haar referentie aangeeft. Bij de gemeente Diemen is over haar niets bekend.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pnls0\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>“Reporter at Large”, <em>Harrisburg Patriot</em>, 18 april 1980; Privébezit familie Manola: Brief Otto Frank aan Renée Manola, 1 juni 1978.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"content_en": "<p>Renate Wolf worked in the household of the Frank family <strong>from 25 April to 30 May 1934.</strong> Edith Frank gave her a reference, in which she praised Renate's diligence and helpfulness.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xwncf\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Renate went on to cook jams and jellies for Opteka <strong>from 2 June to 7 August 1934</strong>. Because she also performed that job satisfactorily, the company gave her a reference signed by Victor Kugler.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6287n\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On<strong> 3 July 1934</strong>, the Aliens Police recorded her departure to Antwerp with four other family members.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xo4ls\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Later the family succeeded in fleeing to the United States. Once there, Renate took on the name Renée and married Walter Manola. She and her husband managed the Carlisle Radio and TV Co. in Pennsylvania.<sup data-footnote-id=\"i7prx\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> In <strong>1978</strong> Renate sent Otto Frank congratulations on the occasion of his birthday. He thanked her for her letter. There is no information about any further correspondence between them.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6k6qp\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Source personal data (place of death unknown).<sup data-footnote-id=\"zum5v\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup><strong> </strong><em>Addresses:</em> Van Eeghenstraat 22hs, Amsterdam;<sup data-footnote-id=\"en7y3\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup>; Arend Krijtstraat 11, Diemen (1934);<sup data-footnote-id=\"gnb5n\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Carlisle, Penn. (US); Harrisburg.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pnls0\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xwncf\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit familie Manola: Getuigschrift door Edith Frank op briefpapier van Otto Frank, 1 juni 1934..</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6287n\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit familie Manola: Getuigschrift door Victor Kugler namens Opekta, 7 augustus 1934.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xo4ls\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentpolitie Amsterdam, inv. nr. 4225: Vreemdelingenkaarten voor tijdelijk verblijf, W. Wolf, L. Wolf-Sandel (met jongste dochter), R. Wolf en M. Wolf. In het geval van Renate spreekt de referentie van Opekta deze vertrekdatum tegen.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"i7prx\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief Wolf: notitie ± 1993.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6k6qp\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit familie Manola: Otto Frank aan Renée Manola, 1 juni 1978. Van verdere correspondentie tussen hen is niets bekend.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zum5v\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart W. Wolf (1883); U.S. Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007; te vinden via <a href=\"https://www.ancestry.com\">ancestry.com</a> (geraadpleegd april 2016).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"en7y3\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart W. Wolf (1883).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gnb5n\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit familie Manola (USA), Getuigschrift Nederlandsche Opekta Mij., 7 augustus 1934. De ongerijmdheid met het vorige adres is onverklaard. De inschrijfdatum in de Van Eeghenstraat past ook niet bij de periode die Edith Frank in haar referentie aangeeft. Bij de gemeente Diemen is over haar niets bekend.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pnls0\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>“Reporter at Large”, <em>Harrisburg Patriot</em>, 18 april 1980; Privébezit familie Manola: Brief Otto Frank aan Renée Manola, 1 juni 1978.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"birth_date": "1915-05-19",
"death_date": "1990-02-04",
"gender": "female",
"birth_place": "Rüstringen",
"birth_country": "Duitsland",
"death_place": "",
"death_country": "USA",
"summary": "Renate Wolf worked for a few months for the Frank family in 1934 and for Opekta.",
"summary_nl": "Renate Wolf werkte in 1934 enkele maanden bij de familie Frank en bij Opekta.",
"summary_en": "Renate Wolf worked for a few months for the Frank family in 1934 and for Opekta.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 2420,
"image": {
"id": 774,
"uuid": "c59808c0-bd0f-4111-9e66-6c2eacf95210",
"name": "K.O.M. Wolters.JPG",
"title": "Karel Wolters, 1940 - 1945",
"alt": "Fotograaf onbekend. Foto Stadsarchief Amsterdam, paspoortaanvragen 1940-45.",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/K.O.M.%20Wolters_0.JPG",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "Karel Wolters, paspoort 1940 - 1945",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek.",
"copyright": "Publiek domein"
},
"pictures": [],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/230e84dc-b5d4-42ce-ace9-b3a30076d001/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/c3233be2-3492-455a-94e0-74b662bf1976?format=api"
],
"published": true,
"uuid": "230e84dc-b5d4-42ce-ace9-b3a30076d001",
"first_name": "Karel Oscar Marie",
"last_name": "Wolters",
"infix": "",
"title": "Karel Wolters",
"title_nl": "Karel Wolters",
"title_en": "Karel Wolters",
"content": "<p>Karel Wolters was appointed Pectacon's administrator on <strong>12 September 1941</strong> under §7 of the 'Verordening betreffende de behandeling van ondernemingen, die moeten worden aangegeven' (Regulation on the treatment of enterprises which must be declared).<sup data-footnote-id=\"c5tvk\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> This regulation was one of the German measures to drive the Jewish population out of the economy. Wolters was ordered to liquidate the company.<sup data-footnote-id=\"c6l5p\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Johannes Kleiman and Otto Frank discussed the matter at Wolters' office. Wolters agreed with Kleiman's proposal to commence liquidation himself within eight to ten days. The balance after liquidation was eighteen thousand guilders. Kleiman received five thousand and Dunselman three thousand. The remaining ten thousand guilders was deposited with Lippmann Rosenthal after deduction of twenty-three hundred guilders for the <em>Wirtschaftsprüfstelle</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"p04dx\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Wolters' brother Oscar was a resistance fighter who was executed in Vught camp on 'Mad Tuesday', <strong>5 September 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"i6qkf\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em> (place of death unknown).<sup data-footnote-id=\"lk9m9\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup><sup data-footnote-id=\"zm6aq\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup><strong> </strong><em>Addresses:</em> Venlo; The Hague (1934); Roelof Hartplein 7hs, Amsterdam (May 1939); Jan van Eyckstraat 311 huis (March 1941).<sup data-footnote-id=\"lk9m9\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c5tvk\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Verordeningenblad</em> 1941, p. 164-170.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c6l5p\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, (NL-HaNA), Den Haag, Centraal Archief Bijzondere Rechtspleging (CABR), inv. nr. 76428: Schrijven Secretaris-generaal Handel, Nijverheid en Scheepvaart aan Kamer van Koophandel, 29 september 1941.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"p04dx\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NL-HaNA, CABR, inv. nr. 76428: Getuigenverklaringen Otto Frank en Jo Kleiman inzake Wolters’ naoorlogse strafzaak.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"i6qkf\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaarten K.O.M. Wolters en A.W.L. Wolters; en <a href=\"https://www.nmkampvught.nl/biografieen/wolters-oscar-wilhelmus-laurentius/\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.nmkampvught.nl/biografieen/wolters-oscar-wilhelmus-laurentius/</a> (geraadpleegd 7 augustus 2017).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lk9m9\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart K.O.M. Wolters.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zm6aq\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Melissa Müller, <em>Anne Frank. De biografie</em>, 5e, geheel herziene druk, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2013, p. 398.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"content_nl": "<p>Karel Wolters werd op <strong>12 september 1941</strong> op grond van §7 van de “Verordening betreffende de behandeling van ondernemingen, welke aangegeven dienen te worden”“48. Verordening betreffende de behandeling van ondernemingen, welke aangegeven dienen te worden”,<sup data-footnote-id=\"c5tvk\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> tot bewindvoerder van Pectacon aangesteld. Die verordening was een van de Duitse maatregelen die de Joodse bevolkingsgroep uit de economie te verdrijven. Wolters had de opdracht het bedrijf te liquideren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"c6l5p\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Johannes Kleiman en Otto Frank bespraken de zaak op Wolters' kantoor. Wolters ging akkoord met Kleimans voorstel om zelf in acht tot tien dagen tot liquidatie over te gaan. Het saldo na liquidatie bedroeg achttienduizend gulden. Kleiman kreeg vijfduizend gulden en Dunselman drieduizend. De resterende tienduizend werd na aftrek van drieëntwintighonderd gulden voor de Wirtschaftsprüfstelle, gestort bij Lippmann Rosenthal.<sup data-footnote-id=\"p04dx\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Wolters’ broer Oscar was als verzetsstrijder op Dolle Dinsdag (<strong>5 september 1944</strong>) in kamp Vught gefusilleerd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"i6qkf\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Bron persoonsgegevens </em>(sterfplaats onbekend).<sup data-footnote-id=\"lk9m9\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup><sup data-footnote-id=\"zm6aq\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup><em> Adressen:</em> Venlo; Den Haag (1934); Roelof Hartplein 7hs, Amsterdam (mei 1939); Jan van Eyckstraat 311 huis (maart 1941).<sup data-footnote-id=\"lk9m9\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c5tvk\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Verordeningenblad</em> 1941, p. 164-170.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c6l5p\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief (NL-HaNA), Den Haag, Centraal Archief Bijzondere Rechtspleging (CABR), inv. nr. 76428: Schrijven Secretaris-generaal Handel, Nijverheid en Scheepvaart aan Kamer van Koophandel, 29 september 1941.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"p04dx\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NL-HaNA, CABR, inv. nr. 76428: Getuigenverklaringen Otto Frank en Jo Kleiman inzake Wolters’ naoorlogse strafzaak.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"i6qkf\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaarten K.O.M. Wolters en A.W.L. Wolters; en <a href=\"https://www.nmkampvught.nl/biografieen/wolters-oscar-wilhelmus-laurentius/\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.nmkampvught.nl/biografieen/wolters-oscar-wilhelmus-laurentius/</a> (geraadpleegd 7 augustus 2017).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lk9m9\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart K.O.M. Wolters.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zm6aq\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Melissa Müller, <em>Anne Frank. De biografie</em>, 5e, geheel herziene druk, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2013, p. 398.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"content_en": "<p>Karel Wolters was appointed Pectacon's administrator on <strong>12 September 1941</strong> under §7 of the 'Verordening betreffende de behandeling van ondernemingen, die moeten worden aangegeven' (Regulation on the treatment of enterprises which must be declared).<sup data-footnote-id=\"c5tvk\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> This regulation was one of the German measures to drive the Jewish population out of the economy. Wolters was ordered to liquidate the company.<sup data-footnote-id=\"c6l5p\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Johannes Kleiman and Otto Frank discussed the matter at Wolters' office. Wolters agreed with Kleiman's proposal to commence liquidation himself within eight to ten days. The balance after liquidation was eighteen thousand guilders. Kleiman received five thousand and Dunselman three thousand. The remaining ten thousand guilders was deposited with Lippmann Rosenthal after deduction of twenty-three hundred guilders for the <em>Wirtschaftsprüfstelle</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"p04dx\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Wolters' brother Oscar was a resistance fighter who was executed in Vught camp on 'Mad Tuesday', <strong>5 September 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"i6qkf\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em> (place of death unknown).<sup data-footnote-id=\"lk9m9\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup><sup data-footnote-id=\"zm6aq\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup><strong> </strong><em>Addresses:</em> Venlo; The Hague (1934); Roelof Hartplein 7hs, Amsterdam (May 1939); Jan van Eyckstraat 311 huis (March 1941).<sup data-footnote-id=\"lk9m9\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c5tvk\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Verordeningenblad</em> 1941, p. 164-170.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c6l5p\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, (NL-HaNA), Den Haag, Centraal Archief Bijzondere Rechtspleging (CABR), inv. nr. 76428: Schrijven Secretaris-generaal Handel, Nijverheid en Scheepvaart aan Kamer van Koophandel, 29 september 1941.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"p04dx\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NL-HaNA, CABR, inv. nr. 76428: Getuigenverklaringen Otto Frank en Jo Kleiman inzake Wolters’ naoorlogse strafzaak.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"i6qkf\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaarten K.O.M. Wolters en A.W.L. Wolters; en <a href=\"https://www.nmkampvught.nl/biografieen/wolters-oscar-wilhelmus-laurentius/\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.nmkampvught.nl/biografieen/wolters-oscar-wilhelmus-laurentius/</a> (geraadpleegd 7 augustus 2017).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"lk9m9\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart K.O.M. Wolters.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zm6aq\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Melissa Müller, <em>Anne Frank. De biografie</em>, 5e, geheel herziene druk, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2013, p. 398.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"birth_date": "1909-12-07",
"death_date": "1996-11-15",
"gender": "male",
"birth_place": "Venlo",
"birth_country": "Nederland",
"death_place": "",
"death_country": "",
"summary": "Karel Wolters was appointed administrator of Pectacon in 1941.",
"summary_nl": "Karel Wolters werd in 1941 tot bewindvoerder van Pectacon aangesteld.",
"summary_en": "Karel Wolters was appointed administrator of Pectacon in 1941.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 2421,
"image": null,
"pictures": [],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/5f3181dc-d176-4149-869f-287107256e93/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/89469df2-3208-41fd-9879-91b89fde3a21?format=api"
],
"published": true,
"uuid": "5f3181dc-d176-4149-869f-287107256e93",
"first_name": "Paul",
"last_name": "Wronker",
"infix": "",
"title": "Paul Wonker",
"title_nl": "Paul Wronker",
"title_en": "Paul Wonker",
"content": "<p>Paul Wronker rented a room from the Frank famly <strong>from 28 May 1940 to 13 March 1941</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mo67u\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> On <strong>22 July 1942</strong> he married Rosel Goldschmidt. Fritz Pfeffer was a witness at the ceremony.<sup data-footnote-id=\"nmdnv\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Anne wrote in her diary on <strong>20 October 1942</strong> that he and his wife had been sent to Poland. Two days later she wrote that they had been recalled, and that Miep went to visit them.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2njfl\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup>On <strong>25 May 1943 </strong>he and his wife went to Camp Vught, and from there to Westerbork on <strong>2 July 1943</strong> .<sup data-footnote-id=\"buw46\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Philip Mechanicus gives a short characterisation of the arrival of sixteen hundred people at Westerbork on this day.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t5fl0\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p>In an undated post-war letter, Otto Frank writes to his family in Basel that Paul Wronker had lived with them for a while,<sup data-footnote-id=\"czopm\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> after the departure of Ernst Katz. He described the relationship with Wronker as good and even friendly. Otto called him a <em>l</em><em>ieber anständiger Mensch</em>, but also <em>ein weicher Type</em>. The letter reveals that Alice Frank-Stern received money from Wronker's uncle in Switzerland, for which Otto Frank gave Wronker the equivalent currency in Amsterdam. Now that the war had ended, Otto wanted this paid back because he desperately needed the money.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9oz3c\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"djgug\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mo67u\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten, inv. nr. 230: Woningkaart Merwedeplein 37 II.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nmdnv\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 6753: huwelijksakten 1942, deel 45, 13f, akte 21.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2njfl\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 20 and 22 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"buw46\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>International Tracing Service (ITS), Bad Arolsen, 1.1.12.2: individuele documenten kamp Herzogenbusch, Paul Israel Wronker, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/people/426153/?p=1&s=wronker&s_lastName=asc\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/people/426153/?p=1&s=wronker&s_lastName=asc</a> (geraadpleegd 23 juli 2019).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t5fl0\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Philp Mechanicus, <em>In depot</em><em>. Dagboek uit Westerbork van Philip Mechanicus</em>, Amsterdam, Polak & van Gennep, 1964, p. 66.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"czopm\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Hij wordt herkenbaar opgevoerd in één van Annes verhaaltjes. Anne Frank, Verhaaltjes en gebeurtenissen uit het Achterhuis, "Pension- of huurgasten"., 15 oktober 1943, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9oz3c\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_071: Ongedateerd schrijven, waarschijnlijk zomer '45.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"djgug\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart P. Wronker.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Paul Wronker huurde van<strong> 28 mei 1940 </strong>tot <strong>13 maart 1941</strong> een kamer bij de familie Frank.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mo67u\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Op <strong>22 juli 1942</strong> trouwde hij met Rosel Goldschmidt. Fritz Pfeffer was getuige bij het huwelijk.<sup data-footnote-id=\"nmdnv\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Anne schrijft op <strong>20 oktober 1942</strong> in haar dagboek dat hij en zijn vrouw doorgezonden waren naar Polen. Twee dagen later schrijft ze dat ze waren teruggehaald, en dat Miep bij ze langs ging.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2njfl\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Op <strong>25 mei 1943 </strong>moest hij met zijn vrouw naar kamp Vught en vandaar op <strong>2 juli 1943</strong> naar Westerbork.<sup data-footnote-id=\"buw46\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Philip Mechanicus geeft in zijn dagboek een korte beschrijving over de aankomst die dag in Westerbork van zestienhonderd personen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t5fl0\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p>In een ongedateerde maar naoorlogse brief schreef Otto Frank aan zijn familie in Bazel dat Paul Wronker een tijdlang bij hen in huis woonde,<sup data-footnote-id=\"czopm\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> na het vertrek van Ernst Katz. De omgang met Wronker omschreef hij als goed en zelfs vriendschappelijk. Otto noemde hem een <em>l</em><em>ieber anständiger Mensch</em>, maar ook <em>ein weicher Type</em>. Uit de brief blijkt dat Alice Frank-Stern van Wronkers oom in Zwitserland geld onving, waarvoor Otto Frank Wronker in Amsterdam de tegenwaarde gaf. Nu de oorlog ten einde was, wilde Otto dit verrekend zien, daar hij het geld hard nodig had.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9oz3c\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Bron persoonsgegevens</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"djgug\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mo67u\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten, inv. nr. 230: Woningkaart Merwedeplein 37 II.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nmdnv\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 6753: huwelijksakten 1942, deel 45, 13f, akte 21.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2njfl\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 20 en 22 oktober 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"buw46\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>International Tracing Service (ITS), Bad Arolsen, 1.1.12.2: individuele documenten kamp Herzogenbusch, Paul Israel Wronker, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/people/426153/?p=1&s=wronker&s_lastName=asc\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/people/426153/?p=1&s=wronker&s_lastName=asc</a> (geraadpleegd 23 juli 2019).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t5fl0\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Philp Mechanicus, <em>In depot</em><em>. Dagboek uit Westerbork van Philip Mechanicus</em>, Amsterdam, Polak & van Gennep, 1964, p. 66.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"czopm\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Hij wordt herkenbaar opgevoerd in één van Annes verhaaltjes. Anne Frank, Verhaaltjes en gebeurtenissen uit het Achterhuis, "Pension- of huurgasten"., 15 oktober 1943, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9oz3c\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_071: Ongedateerd schrijven, waarschijnlijk zomer '45.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"djgug\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart P. Wronker.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Paul Wronker rented a room from the Frank famly <strong>from 28 May 1940 to 13 March 1941</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mo67u\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> On <strong>22 July 1942</strong> he married Rosel Goldschmidt. Fritz Pfeffer was a witness at the ceremony.<sup data-footnote-id=\"nmdnv\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Anne wrote in her diary on <strong>20 October 1942</strong> that he and his wife had been sent to Poland. Two days later she wrote that they had been recalled, and that Miep went to visit them.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2njfl\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup>On <strong>25 May 1943 </strong>he and his wife went to Camp Vught, and from there to Westerbork on <strong>2 July 1943</strong> .<sup data-footnote-id=\"buw46\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Philip Mechanicus gives a short characterisation of the arrival of sixteen hundred people at Westerbork on this day.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t5fl0\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p>In an undated post-war letter, Otto Frank writes to his family in Basel that Paul Wronker had lived with them for a while,<sup data-footnote-id=\"czopm\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> after the departure of Ernst Katz. He described the relationship with Wronker as good and even friendly. Otto called him a <em>l</em><em>ieber anständiger Mensch</em>, but also <em>ein weicher Type</em>. The letter reveals that Alice Frank-Stern received money from Wronker's uncle in Switzerland, for which Otto Frank gave Wronker the equivalent currency in Amsterdam. Now that the war had ended, Otto wanted this paid back because he desperately needed the money.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9oz3c\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"djgug\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mo67u\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten, inv. nr. 230: Woningkaart Merwedeplein 37 II.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nmdnv\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 6753: huwelijksakten 1942, deel 45, 13f, akte 21.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2njfl\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 20 and 22 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"buw46\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>International Tracing Service (ITS), Bad Arolsen, 1.1.12.2: individuele documenten kamp Herzogenbusch, Paul Israel Wronker, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/people/426153/?p=1&s=wronker&s_lastName=asc\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/people/426153/?p=1&s=wronker&s_lastName=asc</a> (geraadpleegd 23 juli 2019).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t5fl0\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Philp Mechanicus, <em>In depot</em><em>. Dagboek uit Westerbork van Philip Mechanicus</em>, Amsterdam, Polak & van Gennep, 1964, p. 66.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"czopm\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Hij wordt herkenbaar opgevoerd in één van Annes verhaaltjes. Anne Frank, Verhaaltjes en gebeurtenissen uit het Achterhuis, "Pension- of huurgasten"., 15 oktober 1943, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9oz3c\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_071: Ongedateerd schrijven, waarschijnlijk zomer '45.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"djgug\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart P. Wronker.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"birth_date": "1903-12-16",
"death_date": "1943-07-16",
"gender": "male",
"birth_place": "Lissa",
"birth_country": "Duitsland",
"death_place": "Sobibor",
"death_country": "",
"summary": "Paul Wronker rented a room from the Frank family on the Merwedeplein.",
"summary_nl": "Paul Wronker huurde een kamer bij de familie Frank aan het Merwedeplein.",
"summary_en": "Paul Wronker rented a room from the Frank family on the Merwedeplein.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 2070,
"image": null,
"pictures": [],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/fbd80a73-d169-425d-92bc-a532ce5f55f5/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/89469df2-3208-41fd-9879-91b89fde3a21?format=api",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/23e0a4d9-ced8-4d0b-859a-8fde6a540d8b?format=api"
],
"published": true,
"uuid": "fbd80a73-d169-425d-92bc-a532ce5f55f5",
"first_name": "Rosel",
"last_name": "Wronker - Goldschmidt",
"infix": "",
"title": "Rosel Wronker - Goldschmidt",
"title_nl": "Rosel Wronker - Goldschmidt",
"title_en": "Rosel Wronker - Goldschmidt",
"content": "<p>Rosel Goldschmidt married Paul Wronker on <strong>22 July 1942</strong>. Fritz Pfeffer was a witness at the wedding.<sup data-footnote-id=\"13hlv\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Paul Wronker had lived with the Frank family. Rosel came to the Netherlands in <strong>July 1933</strong> from Frielendorf. Before and after her stay with the Franks, she lived at many addresses.<sup data-footnote-id=\"scvp8\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> According to her own family card, she was registered with the Frank family for almost eighteen months.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k04gb\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Rosel was in domestic service.<sup data-footnote-id=\"scvp8\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> At one point she worked as a servant for the Frank family; Edith Frank wrote to a friend in <strong>December 1937</strong> saying that she has to do everything herself again since "Frl. Goldschmidt" left in October.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5i15o\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the same letter Edith wrote about Rosel: "Johannesburg wurde abgeschlagen." In <strong>April 1937 </strong>Rosel had requested and received a statement of good behaviour from the municipality of Amsterdam with regard to plans to emigrate to South Africa.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dmk2f\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> In <strong>October 1937 </strong>she did the same again for South America, with the same result.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gbi7l\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> However, she remained in the Netherlands, so presumably this endeavour also hit a snag.<strong> </strong><strong> </strong><strong> </strong></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne wrote in her diary on <strong>20 October 1942</strong> that Rosel and her husband were sent to Poland. Two days later she wrote that they had been called back and that Miep had gone to visit them.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m6j9h\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> "<em>Rosel and Wronker have been brought back</em>" is undoubtedly an error of Anne's. The fact that Miep paid a visit suggests that they had been sent back to Amsterdam from Westerbork.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>25 May 1943 </strong>she and her husband went to Camp Vught, and from there to Westerbork<strong> </strong>on <strong>2 July 1943</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"x6zya\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Philip Mechanicus makes a short entry of the arrival of sixteen hundred people on that day at Westerbork Philip Mechanicus.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3wmbr\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"scvp8\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> <em>Addresses</em>: Merwedeplein 37 II, Amsterdam (15 April 1936 – 18 October 1937).<sup data-footnote-id=\"k04gb\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"13hlv\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 6753: huwelijksakten 1942, deel 45, 13f, akte 21.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"scvp8\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart R. Goldschmidt.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k04gb\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart R. Goldschmidt.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5i15o\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Otto Frank, AFF_OtF_pdoc_16: Edith Frank aan Hedda Eisenstädt, 24 december 1937. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dmk2f\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Secretarie, Algemene Zaken (toegang 5181), inv. nr. 7638: afgegeven verklaringen van goed gedrag en van Nederlanderschap 1937, volgnr. 2335.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gbi7l\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Algemene Zaken, inv. nr. 7639: afgegeven verklaringen van goed gedrag en van Nederlanderschap 1937, volgnr. 12765.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"m6j9h\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 20 and 22 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"x6zya\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>International Tracing Service (ITS), Bad Arolsen, 1.1.12.2: individuele documenten kamp Herogenbusch, Rosel Sara Wronker - Goldschmidt, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/people/426153/?p=1&s=wronker&s_lastName=asc\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/people/426153/?p=1&s=wronker&s_lastName=asc</a> (geraadpleegd 23 juli 2019).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3wmbr\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Philp Mechanicus, <em>In depot</em><em>. Dagboek uit Westerbork van Philip Mechanicus</em>, Amsterdam, Polak & van Gennep, 1964, p. 66.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"content_nl": "<p>Rosel Goldschmidt trouwde op <strong>22 juli 1942</strong> met Paul Wronker. Fritz Pfeffer was getuige bij het huwelijk.<sup data-footnote-id=\"13hlv\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Paul Wronker had bij de familie Frank gewoond. Rosel kwam in <strong>juli 1933</strong> uit Frielendorf naar Nederland. Voor en na haar verblijf bij de Franks bewoonde ze nog een groot aantal adressen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"scvp8\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Volgens haar eigen gezinskaart stond ze bijna anderhalf jaar ingeschreven bij de familie Frank.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k04gb\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Rosels beroep was dienstbode.<sup data-footnote-id=\"scvp8\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Ze was dat ook bij de familie Frank; Edith Frank schreef in <strong>december 1937</strong> aan een vriendin dat ze weer alles alleen doet sinds "Frl. Goldschmidt" in oktober vertrok.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5i15o\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In dezelfde brief schreef Edith over Rosel: "Johannesburg wurde abgeschlagen." In <strong>april 1937 </strong>vroeg en krijgt Rosel een verklaring van de gemeente Amsterdam van goed gedrag in verband met voorgenomen emigratie naar Zuid-Afrika.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dmk2f\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> In <strong>oktober 1937 </strong>deed ze hetzelfde voor Zuid-Amerika, met hetzelfde resultaat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gbi7l\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Ze bleef echter toch in Nederland, dus ook deze poging liep kennelijk spaak.<strong> </strong><strong> </strong><strong> </strong></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne schrijft op <strong>20 oktober 1942</strong> in haar dagboek dat Rosel en haar man doorgezonden waren naar Polen. Twee dagen later schrijft ze dat ze zijn teruggehaald en dat Miep bij ze langs ging.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m6j9h\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> "<em>Terug uit Polen</em>" is ongetwijfeld een vergissing van Anne. Dat Miep langsgaat duidt er eerder op dat ze uit Westerbork terug naar Amsterdam waren gehaald.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>25 mei 1943 </strong>ging zij met haar man naar kamp Vught, en vandaar op <strong>2 juli 1943</strong> naar Westerbork.<sup data-footnote-id=\"x6zya\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Een korte typering van de aankomst van zestienhonderd personen die dag in Westerbork geeft Philip Mechanicus.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3wmbr\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Bron persoonsgegevens</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"scvp8\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> <em>Adressen</em>: Merwedeplein 37 II, Amsterdam (15 april 1936 – 18 oktober 1937).<sup data-footnote-id=\"k04gb\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"13hlv\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 6753: huwelijksakten 1942, deel 45, 13f, akte 21.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"scvp8\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart R. Goldschmidt.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k04gb\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart R. Goldschmidt.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5i15o\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Otto Frank, AFF_OtF_pdoc_16: Edith Frank aan Hedda Eisenstädt, 24 december 1937. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dmk2f\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Secretarie, Algemene Zaken (toegang 5181), inv. nr. 7638: afgegeven verklaringen van goed gedrag en van Nederlanderschap 1937, volgnr. 2335.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gbi7l\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Algemene Zaken, inv. nr. 7639: afgegeven verklaringen van goed gedrag en van Nederlanderschap 1937, volgnr. 12765.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"m6j9h\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 20 en 22 oktober 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"x6zya\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>International Tracing Service (ITS), Bad Arolsen, 1.1.12.2: individuele documenten kamp Herogenbusch, Rosel Sara Wronker - Goldschmidt, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/people/426153/?p=1&s=wronker&s_lastName=asc\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/people/426153/?p=1&s=wronker&s_lastName=asc</a> (geraadpleegd 23 juli 2019).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3wmbr\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Philp Mechanicus, <em>In depot</em><em>. Dagboek uit Westerbork van Philip Mechanicus</em>, Amsterdam, Polak & van Gennep, 1964, p. 66.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"content_en": "<p>Rosel Goldschmidt married Paul Wronker on <strong>22 July 1942</strong>. Fritz Pfeffer was a witness at the wedding.<sup data-footnote-id=\"13hlv\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Paul Wronker had lived with the Frank family. Rosel came to the Netherlands in <strong>July 1933</strong> from Frielendorf. Before and after her stay with the Franks, she lived at many addresses.<sup data-footnote-id=\"scvp8\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> According to her own family card, she was registered with the Frank family for almost eighteen months.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k04gb\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Rosel was in domestic service.<sup data-footnote-id=\"scvp8\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> At one point she worked as a servant for the Frank family; Edith Frank wrote to a friend in <strong>December 1937</strong> saying that she has to do everything herself again since "Frl. Goldschmidt" left in October.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5i15o\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the same letter Edith wrote about Rosel: "Johannesburg wurde abgeschlagen." In <strong>April 1937 </strong>Rosel had requested and received a statement of good behaviour from the municipality of Amsterdam with regard to plans to emigrate to South Africa.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dmk2f\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> In <strong>October 1937 </strong>she did the same again for South America, with the same result.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gbi7l\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> However, she remained in the Netherlands, so presumably this endeavour also hit a snag.<strong> </strong><strong> </strong><strong> </strong></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne wrote in her diary on <strong>20 October 1942</strong> that Rosel and her husband were sent to Poland. Two days later she wrote that they had been called back and that Miep had gone to visit them.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m6j9h\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> "<em>Rosel and Wronker have been brought back</em>" is undoubtedly an error of Anne's. The fact that Miep paid a visit suggests that they had been sent back to Amsterdam from Westerbork.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>25 May 1943 </strong>she and her husband went to Camp Vught, and from there to Westerbork<strong> </strong>on <strong>2 July 1943</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"x6zya\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Philip Mechanicus makes a short entry of the arrival of sixteen hundred people on that day at Westerbork Philip Mechanicus.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3wmbr\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"scvp8\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> <em>Addresses</em>: Merwedeplein 37 II, Amsterdam (15 April 1936 – 18 October 1937).<sup data-footnote-id=\"k04gb\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"13hlv\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Burgerlijke Stand (toegang 5009), inv. nr. 6753: huwelijksakten 1942, deel 45, 13f, akte 21.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"scvp8\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart R. Goldschmidt.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k04gb\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart R. Goldschmidt.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5i15o\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Otto Frank, AFF_OtF_pdoc_16: Edith Frank aan Hedda Eisenstädt, 24 december 1937. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dmk2f\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Secretarie, Algemene Zaken (toegang 5181), inv. nr. 7638: afgegeven verklaringen van goed gedrag en van Nederlanderschap 1937, volgnr. 2335.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gbi7l\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Algemene Zaken, inv. nr. 7639: afgegeven verklaringen van goed gedrag en van Nederlanderschap 1937, volgnr. 12765.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"m6j9h\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 20 and 22 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"x6zya\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>International Tracing Service (ITS), Bad Arolsen, 1.1.12.2: individuele documenten kamp Herogenbusch, Rosel Sara Wronker - Goldschmidt, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/people/426153/?p=1&s=wronker&s_lastName=asc\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/people/426153/?p=1&s=wronker&s_lastName=asc</a> (geraadpleegd 23 juli 2019).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3wmbr\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Philp Mechanicus, <em>In depot</em><em>. Dagboek uit Westerbork van Philip Mechanicus</em>, Amsterdam, Polak & van Gennep, 1964, p. 66.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"birth_date": "1900-08-20",
"death_date": "1943-07-16",
"gender": "female",
"birth_place": "Hersfeld",
"birth_country": "Duitsland",
"death_place": "Sobibor",
"death_country": "",
"summary": "Rosel Goldschmidt was a servant for the Frank family and lived with them for a while.",
"summary_nl": "Rosel Goldschmidt was dienstbode bij de familie Frank en woonde enige tijd bij hen in.",
"summary_en": "Rosel Goldschmidt was a servant for the Frank family and lived with them for a while.",
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"first_name": "Betje",
"last_name": "Zendijk - Jakobs",
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"title": "Betje Jakobs",
"title_nl": "Betje Zendijk - Jakobs",
"title_en": "Betje Jakobs",
"content": "<p>Betje (Betty/Bep) Jakobs was born on <strong>9 June 1922</strong> in Coevorden as the eldest daughter of the Jewish couple Herman Israël Jakobs (1896-1945) and Sophie ten Brink (1899-1945). Her sister Minna was born on <strong>18 August 1925</strong>,<sup data-footnote-id=\"aw2ci\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> a year later on <strong>28 August 1926</strong> her brother Israel.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4pb27\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> The family lived at Koestraat 25a in Zwolle. .<sup data-footnote-id=\"al2np\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>1942</strong>, the family went into hiding with milkman Dekker in Zwolle for a while. Due to unknown circumstances, the family had to leave there and they eventually went into hiding on Prinses Julianastraat (then Louise de Colignystraat).<sup data-footnote-id=\"0c6og\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> On <strong>25 August 1944</strong>, Betje was discovered and arrested together with her parents, brother and sister.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3bjoh\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> The family arrived at camp Westerbork via Arnhem and Velp on <strong>29 August 1944</strong>. There they ended up in penal barrack 67, where the people from the Secret Annex were also interned from <strong>8 August 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r7wr6\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Auschwitz-Birkenau</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Just like the eight people from the Secret Annex, Betje Jakobs and her family were deported to Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp on <strong>3 September 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r7wr6\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> They arrived there on the night of <strong>5-6 September 1944</strong>. After the selections, where the men and women were separated, registration followed. She got the number A25149 tattooed on her forearm.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3bjoh\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the camp the women had to do pointless forced labor. In <strong>June 1945</strong>, Betje Jakobs told the <em>Zwolsch Nieuws- en Advertentieblad</em> about this: ‘Our first job was to carry heavy basalt stones miles away to some construction site, but it was nothing more than bullying, because the next day we had to pick up those heavy pieces of rubble and trudge back again.’<sup data-footnote-id=\"yi8y3\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Selections followed around <strong>21 October 1944</strong>, during which she was first separated from her mother and then from her sister. After these selections, the work became harder: 'Digging canals and closing them again. Then I got sick, a kind of dysentery.’<sup data-footnote-id=\"yi8y3\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> She ended up in the sick huts and witnessed Edith Frank's death there. On <strong>2 August 1945</strong>, Betje told the employees of the Dutch Red Cross that she 'had seen Mrs. Frank from Amsterdam, where her husband owned the Opekta company, die right there near me.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"3wsqe\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Liberation</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>27 January 1945</strong>, Betje Jakobs was liberated from Auschwitz, but she was more dead than alive. She was sick and weighed only 28 kilos. Initially, she was put on a death list.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ka738\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> But as she herself said: 'The Russians already came to collect my body (...). However, they were a bit too early, because I was still showing signs of life. But it would end soon... And yet... as if by divine miracle I recovered.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"3bjoh\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Betje Jakobs was the only one from the Jakobs family to survive the war. Once back in Zwolle, she stayed with the Bieringa family for a while and tried to get back the items that had been entrusted to a neighbour. However, these appeared to have been sold. On <strong>11 October 1946</strong>, Betje confirmed that she agreed to the settlement of 975 guilders.<sup data-footnote-id=\"vkzrf\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the <strong>summer of 1953</strong>, Betje Jakobs married David Zendijk (1923-1970).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ozbpl\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Together they had two daughters.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yyvzb\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"aw2ci\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Joods Monument: <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/118816/\" target=\"_blank\">Minna Jakobs</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4pb27\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Joods Monument: <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/118815/\" target=\"_blank\">Israël Jakobs</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"al2np\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Joods Monument: <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/38691/koestraat-25-a-zwolle\" target=\"_blank\">Koestraat 25a - Zwolle</a>; Arolsen Archives - International Center on Nazi Persecution, Bad Arolsen: Formulier Volksherstel Betty Jakobs, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/de/search/person/130312178?s=Betje%20Jakobs&t=2574959&p=5\" target=\"_blank\">Document ID 130312178</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0c6og\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie: Collectie Overijssel: <a href=\"https://collectieoverijssel.nl/collectie/?mivast=20&mizig=343&miadt=141&milang=nl&mizk_alle=Betje%20Jakobs&miview=gal1\" target=\"_blank\">Beeldbank (details beschrijving foto’s)</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3bjoh\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>'In ’t rijk der levenden teruggekeerd. Zwolsch meisje over het vernietigingskamp Auschwitz’, <em>Zwolsch Nieuws- en Advertentieblad (Ten Heuvel’s Krant)</em>, 23 juni 1945. Geraadpleegd via <a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMNIOD05:000165674:mpeg21:a0008\" target=\"_blank\">Delpher</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r7wr6\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Arolsen Archives, Joodsche Raad Kaart Betje Jakobs, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/130312177\" target=\"_blank\">Document ID 130312177</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yi8y3\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>'In ’t rijk der levenden teruggekeerd. Zwolsch meisje over het vernietigingskamp Auschwitz', deel II, <em>Zwolsch Nieuws- en Advertentieblad (Ten Heuvel’s Krant)</em>, 30 juni 1945. Geraadpleegd via <a href=\"http://https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMNIOD05:000165675:mpeg21:p001\" target=\"_blank\">Delpher</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3wsqe\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Nederlandse Rode Kruis (NRK), Den Haag, toegang 2050, inv.nr. 1267, Verklaring Betje Jakobs, 2 augustus 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ka738\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De naam van Betty Jakobs komt voor op een dodenlijst die na de bevrijding van het kamp werd opgesteld met als doel ‘<em>Checking of identification of unkown dead</em>.’ Uit de lijst blijkt dat ze toch nog ‘<em>alive after liberation</em>’ was. Zie: Arolsen Archives, ‘Evaluation of data on unknown foreign fatalities and unknown fatalities from concentration camps and their grave sites.’, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/de/search/person/84611360?s=Betje%20Jakobs&t=222826&p=3\" target=\"_blank\">Reference Co DE ITS 5.3.2 Tote 57</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vkzrf\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Collectie Overijssel, toegang 0652, inv. 168: ‘Correspondentie betreffende de teruggave van door de familie Jakobs bij een buurman in bewaring gegeven goederen, die blijken te zijn verkocht, 1945 - 1946.’.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ozbpl\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>‘Collectie Overijssel, toegang 0652, inv. 172: Huwelijkskaart Bep Jakobs en Dé Zendijk’ 30 augustus 1953; ‘Ondertrouw D. Zendijk en B. Jakobs’, <em>Nieuwe Haarlemsche courant,</em> 17 juni 1953, Geraadpleegd via <a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMNHA03:179261064:mpeg21:a00032\" target=\"_blank\">Delpher</a>; ‘Overlijdensadvertentie David Zendijk’ In:<em> Nieuw Israelietisch weekblad</em>, 27 maart 1970. Geraadpleegd via <a href=\"http://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010858539:mpeg21:a0074\" target=\"_blank\">Delpher</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yyvzb\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Drents Archief, Assen Drents Archief, Gemeente Coevorden Bevolkingsregister, Deel 18, 1900-1925, Archiefnummer 2001.05, Inventarisnummer 44: <a href=\"https://www.drentsarchief.nl/onderzoeken/genealogie/zoeken/deeds/6b16b214-5e5b-40be-a835-b302919481b6?person=d9521146-7b1f-1cd5-dd46-4a31fb078b7d\" target=\"_blank\">Registratie Betje Jakobs</a>; Overlijdensadvertentie Bep Zendijk-Jakobs’ in: <em>Nieuw Israelietisch weekblad, </em>29 september 1978. Geraadpleegd via <a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010860044:mpeg21:a0126\" target=\"_blank\">Delpher</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>",
"content_nl": "<p>Betje (Betty/Bep) Jakobs werd op <strong>9 juni 1922</strong> in Coevorden geboren als oudste dochter van het Joodse echtpaar Herman Israël Jakobs (1896-1945) en Sophie ten Brink (1899-1945). Op <strong>18 augustus 1925</strong> werd haar zusje Minna geboren,<sup data-footnote-id=\"aw2ci\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> een jaar later op <strong>28 augustus 1926</strong> haar broertje Israël.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4pb27\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Het gezin woonde op de Koestraat 25a in Zwolle.<sup data-footnote-id=\"al2np\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Het gezin dook in <strong>1942</strong> een tijd onder bij melkboer Dekker in Zwolle. Door onbekende omstandigheden moest het gezin daar weg en doken ze uiteindelijk onder op de Prinses Julianastraat (toen Louise de Colignystraat).<sup data-footnote-id=\"0c6og\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Op <strong>25 augustus 1944</strong> werd Betje samen met haar ouders, broertje en zusje ontdekt en gearresteerd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3bjoh\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Via Arnhem en Velp kwam het gezin op <strong>29 augustus 1944</strong> in kamp Westerbork aan. Daar kwamen ze in strafbarak 67 terecht, waar vanaf <strong>8 augustus 1944</strong> ook de onderduikers uit het Achterhuis zaten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r7wr6\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Auschwitz-Birkenau</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Net als de acht onderduikers werd Betje Jakobs met haar familie op <strong>3 september 1944</strong> op transport gesteld naar concentratie- en vernietigingskamp Auschwitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r7wr6\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Daar kwamen ze in de nacht van <strong>5 op 6 september 1944</strong> aan. Na de selecties, waarbij de mannen en vrouwen van elkaar gescheiden werden, volgde de registratie. Ze kreeg het nummer A25149 op haar onderarm getatoeëerd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3bjoh\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In het kamp moesten de vrouwen zinloze dwangarbeid verrichten. In <strong>juni 1945 </strong>vertelde Betje Jakobs hierover aan het <em>Zwolsch Nieuws- en Advertentieblad</em>: ‘Ons eerste werk was het versjouwen km’s verder van zware basaltsteenen naar een of andere bouwplaats, maar het was niets anders dan pesten, want de volgenden dag moesten we die zware brokstukken terugsjouwen.’<sup data-footnote-id=\"yi8y3\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Rond <strong>21 oktober 1944</strong> volgden er selecties waarbij ze eerst van haar moeder en vervolgens ook van haar zusje werd gescheiden. Na deze selecties werd het werk zwaarder: ‘<em>Kanalen graven en weer dicht gooien. Toen werd ik ziek, een soort dysenterie</em>.’<sup data-footnote-id=\"yi8y3\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Ze kwam in de ziekenbarak terecht en was daar getuigen van de dood van Edith Frank. Op <strong>2 augustus 1945</strong> verklaarde Betje aan de medewerkers van het Nederlandse Rode Kruis dat zij ‘daar in mijn nabijheid [had] zien sterven: mevrouw Frank uit Amsterdam, waar haar man de Opektamaatschappij had.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"3wsqe\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Bevrijding</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>27 januari 1945</strong> werd Betje Jakobs uit Auschwitz bevrijd, maar was ze meer dood dan levend. Ze was ziek en woog nog slechts 28 kilo. In eerste instantie kwam ze dan ook op een dodenlijst te staan.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ka738\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> Maar zoals ze zelf vertelde: ‘Reeds kwamen de Russen om mijn lijk op te halen (…). Ze waren echter nog wat te vroeg, want ik gaf nog teekenen van leven. Maar ’t zou wel spoedig afloopen… En toch… als door een wonder Gods kwam ik er weer boven op.’<sup data-footnote-id=\"3bjoh\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Betje Jakobs overleefde als enige van het gezin Jakobs de oorlog. Eenmaal weer in Zwolle verbleef ze een tijd bij de familie Bieringa en probeerde ze de bij een buurman in bewaring gegeven spullen weer terug te krijgen. Deze bleken echter verkocht. Op <strong>11 oktober 1946</strong> bevestigde Betje dat ze akkoord ging met de schikking van fl. 975,-.<sup data-footnote-id=\"vkzrf\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In de <strong>zomer van 1953</strong> trouwde Betje Jakobs met David Zendijk (1923-1970).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ozbpl\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Samen kregen ze twee dochters.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Bron persoonsgegevens</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yyvzb\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"aw2ci\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Joods Monument: <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/118816/\" target=\"_blank\">MInna Jakobs</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4pb27\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Joods Monument: <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/118815/\">Israël Jakobs</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"al2np\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Joods Monument: <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/38691/koestraat-25-a-zwolle\" target=\"_blank\">Koestraat 25a- Zwolle</a>; Arolsen Archives - International Center on Nazi Persecution, Bad Arolsen: Formulier Volksherstel Betty Jakobs, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/de/search/person/130312178?s=Betje%20Jakobs&t=2574959&p=5\" target=\"_blank\">Document ID 130312178</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0c6og\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie Collectie Overijssel, <a href=\"https://collectieoverijssel.nl/collectie/?mivast=20&mizig=343&miadt=141&milang=nl&mizk_alle=Betje%20Jakobs&miview=gal1\" target=\"_blank\">Beeldbank (details beschrijving foto’s)</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3bjoh\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>'In ’t rijk der levenden teruggekeerd. Zwolsch meisje over het vernietigingskamp Auschwitz’, <em>Zwolsch Nieuws- en Advertentieblad (Ten Heuvel’s Krant)</em>, 23 juni 1945. Geraadpleegd via <a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMNIOD05:000165674:mpeg21:a0008\" target=\"_blank\">Delpher</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r7wr6\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Arolsen Archives, Joodsche Raad Kaart Betje Jakobs, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/130312177\" target=\"_blank\">Document ID 130312177</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yi8y3\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>'In ’t rijk der levenden teruggekeerd. Zwolsch meisje over het vernietigingskamp Auschwitz', deel II, <em>Zwolsch Nieuws- en Advertentieblad (Ten Heuvel’s Krant)</em>, 30 juni 1945. Geraadpleegd via <a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMNIOD05:000165675:mpeg21:p001\" target=\"_blank\">Delpher</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3wsqe\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Nederlandse Rode Kruis (NRK), Den Haag, toegang 2050, inv.nr. 1267, Verklaring Betje Jakobs, 2 augustus 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ka738\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De naam van Betty Jakobs komt voor op een dodenlijst die na de bevrijding van het kamp werd opgesteld met als doel ‘<em>Checking of identification of unkown dead</em>.’ Uit de lijst blijkt dat ze toch nog ‘<em>alive after liberation</em>’ was. Zie: Arolsen Archives, ‘Evaluation of data on unknown foreign fatalities and unknown fatalities from concentration camps and their grave sites.’, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/de/search/person/84611360?s=Betje%20Jakobs&t=222826&p=3\" target=\"_blank\">Reference Co DE ITS 5.3.2 Tote 57</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vkzrf\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Collectie Overijssel, toegang 0652, inv. 168: ‘Correspondentie betreffende de teruggave van door de familie Jakobs bij een buurman in bewaring gegeven goederen, die blijken te zijn verkocht, 1945 - 1946.’.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ozbpl\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>‘Collectie Overijssel, toegang 0652, inv. 172: Huwelijkskaart Bep Jakobs en Dé Zendijk’ 30 augustus 1953; ‘Ondertrouw D. Zendijk en B. Jakobs’, <em>Nieuwe Haarlemsche courant,</em> 17 juni 1953, Geraadpleegd via <a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMNHA03:179261064:mpeg21:a00032\" target=\"_blank\">Delpher</a>; ‘Overlijdensadvertentie David Zendijk’ In:<em> Nieuw Israelietisch weekblad</em>, 27 maart 1970. Geraadpleegd via <a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010858539:mpeg21:a0074\" target=\"_blank\">Delpher</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yyvzb\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Drents Archief, Assen Drents Archief, Gemeente Coevorden Bevolkingsregister, Deel 18, 1900-1925, Archiefnummer 2001.05, Inventarisnummer 44: <a href=\"https://www.drentsarchief.nl/onderzoeken/genealogie/zoeken/deeds/6b16b214-5e5b-40be-a835-b302919481b6?person=d9521146-7b1f-1cd5-dd46-4a31fb078b7d\" target=\"_blank\">Registratie Betje Jakobs</a>; Overlijdensadvertentie Bep Zendijk-Jakobs’ in: <em>Nieuw Israelietisch weekblad, </em>29 september 1978. Geraadpleegd via <a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010860044:mpeg21:a0126\" target=\"_blank\">Delpher.</a></cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>",
"content_en": "<p>Betje (Betty/Bep) Jakobs was born on <strong>9 June 1922</strong> in Coevorden as the eldest daughter of the Jewish couple Herman Israël Jakobs (1896-1945) and Sophie ten Brink (1899-1945). Her sister Minna was born on <strong>18 August 1925</strong>,<sup data-footnote-id=\"aw2ci\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> a year later on <strong>28 August 1926</strong> her brother Israel.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4pb27\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> The family lived at Koestraat 25a in Zwolle. .<sup data-footnote-id=\"al2np\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>1942</strong>, the family went into hiding with milkman Dekker in Zwolle for a while. Due to unknown circumstances, the family had to leave there and they eventually went into hiding on Prinses Julianastraat (then Louise de Colignystraat).<sup data-footnote-id=\"0c6og\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> On <strong>25 August 1944</strong>, Betje was discovered and arrested together with her parents, brother and sister.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3bjoh\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> The family arrived at camp Westerbork via Arnhem and Velp on <strong>29 August 1944</strong>. There they ended up in penal barrack 67, where the people from the Secret Annex were also interned from <strong>8 August 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r7wr6\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Auschwitz-Birkenau</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Just like the eight people from the Secret Annex, Betje Jakobs and her family were deported to Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp on <strong>3 September 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r7wr6\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> They arrived there on the night of <strong>5-6 September 1944</strong>. After the selections, where the men and women were separated, registration followed. She got the number A25149 tattooed on her forearm.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3bjoh\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the camp the women had to do pointless forced labor. In <strong>June 1945</strong>, Betje Jakobs told the <em>Zwolsch Nieuws- en Advertentieblad</em> about this: ‘Our first job was to carry heavy basalt stones miles away to some construction site, but it was nothing more than bullying, because the next day we had to pick up those heavy pieces of rubble and trudge back again.’<sup data-footnote-id=\"yi8y3\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Selections followed around <strong>21 October 1944</strong>, during which she was first separated from her mother and then from her sister. After these selections, the work became harder: 'Digging canals and closing them again. Then I got sick, a kind of dysentery.’<sup data-footnote-id=\"yi8y3\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> She ended up in the sick huts and witnessed Edith Frank's death there. On <strong>2 August 1945</strong>, Betje told the employees of the Dutch Red Cross that she 'had seen Mrs. Frank from Amsterdam, where her husband owned the Opekta company, die right there near me.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"3wsqe\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Liberation</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>27 January 1945</strong>, Betje Jakobs was liberated from Auschwitz, but she was more dead than alive. She was sick and weighed only 28 kilos. Initially, she was put on a death list.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ka738\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> But as she herself said: 'The Russians already came to collect my body (...). However, they were a bit too early, because I was still showing signs of life. But it would end soon... And yet... as if by divine miracle I recovered.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"3bjoh\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Betje Jakobs was the only one from the Jakobs family to survive the war. Once back in Zwolle, she stayed with the Bieringa family for a while and tried to get back the items that had been entrusted to a neighbour. However, these appeared to have been sold. On <strong>11 October 1946</strong>, Betje confirmed that she agreed to the settlement of 975 guilders.<sup data-footnote-id=\"vkzrf\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the <strong>summer of 1953</strong>, Betje Jakobs married David Zendijk (1923-1970).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ozbpl\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Together they had two daughters.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yyvzb\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"aw2ci\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Joods Monument: <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/118816/\" target=\"_blank\">Minna Jakobs</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4pb27\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Joods Monument: <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/118815/\" target=\"_blank\">Israël Jakobs</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"al2np\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Joods Monument: <a href=\"https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/38691/koestraat-25-a-zwolle\" target=\"_blank\">Koestraat 25a - Zwolle</a>; Arolsen Archives - International Center on Nazi Persecution, Bad Arolsen: Formulier Volksherstel Betty Jakobs, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/de/search/person/130312178?s=Betje%20Jakobs&t=2574959&p=5\" target=\"_blank\">Document ID 130312178</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0c6og\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie: Collectie Overijssel: <a href=\"https://collectieoverijssel.nl/collectie/?mivast=20&mizig=343&miadt=141&milang=nl&mizk_alle=Betje%20Jakobs&miview=gal1\" target=\"_blank\">Beeldbank (details beschrijving foto’s)</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3bjoh\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>'In ’t rijk der levenden teruggekeerd. Zwolsch meisje over het vernietigingskamp Auschwitz’, <em>Zwolsch Nieuws- en Advertentieblad (Ten Heuvel’s Krant)</em>, 23 juni 1945. Geraadpleegd via <a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMNIOD05:000165674:mpeg21:a0008\" target=\"_blank\">Delpher</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r7wr6\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Arolsen Archives, Joodsche Raad Kaart Betje Jakobs, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/130312177\" target=\"_blank\">Document ID 130312177</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yi8y3\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>'In ’t rijk der levenden teruggekeerd. Zwolsch meisje over het vernietigingskamp Auschwitz', deel II, <em>Zwolsch Nieuws- en Advertentieblad (Ten Heuvel’s Krant)</em>, 30 juni 1945. Geraadpleegd via <a href=\"http://https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMNIOD05:000165675:mpeg21:p001\" target=\"_blank\">Delpher</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3wsqe\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Nederlandse Rode Kruis (NRK), Den Haag, toegang 2050, inv.nr. 1267, Verklaring Betje Jakobs, 2 augustus 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ka738\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De naam van Betty Jakobs komt voor op een dodenlijst die na de bevrijding van het kamp werd opgesteld met als doel ‘<em>Checking of identification of unkown dead</em>.’ Uit de lijst blijkt dat ze toch nog ‘<em>alive after liberation</em>’ was. Zie: Arolsen Archives, ‘Evaluation of data on unknown foreign fatalities and unknown fatalities from concentration camps and their grave sites.’, <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/de/search/person/84611360?s=Betje%20Jakobs&t=222826&p=3\" target=\"_blank\">Reference Co DE ITS 5.3.2 Tote 57</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vkzrf\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Collectie Overijssel, toegang 0652, inv. 168: ‘Correspondentie betreffende de teruggave van door de familie Jakobs bij een buurman in bewaring gegeven goederen, die blijken te zijn verkocht, 1945 - 1946.’.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ozbpl\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>‘Collectie Overijssel, toegang 0652, inv. 172: Huwelijkskaart Bep Jakobs en Dé Zendijk’ 30 augustus 1953; ‘Ondertrouw D. Zendijk en B. Jakobs’, <em>Nieuwe Haarlemsche courant,</em> 17 juni 1953, Geraadpleegd via <a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMNHA03:179261064:mpeg21:a00032\" target=\"_blank\">Delpher</a>; ‘Overlijdensadvertentie David Zendijk’ In:<em> Nieuw Israelietisch weekblad</em>, 27 maart 1970. Geraadpleegd via <a href=\"http://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010858539:mpeg21:a0074\" target=\"_blank\">Delpher</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yyvzb\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Drents Archief, Assen Drents Archief, Gemeente Coevorden Bevolkingsregister, Deel 18, 1900-1925, Archiefnummer 2001.05, Inventarisnummer 44: <a href=\"https://www.drentsarchief.nl/onderzoeken/genealogie/zoeken/deeds/6b16b214-5e5b-40be-a835-b302919481b6?person=d9521146-7b1f-1cd5-dd46-4a31fb078b7d\" target=\"_blank\">Registratie Betje Jakobs</a>; Overlijdensadvertentie Bep Zendijk-Jakobs’ in: <em>Nieuw Israelietisch weekblad, </em>29 september 1978. Geraadpleegd via <a href=\"https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010860044:mpeg21:a0126\" target=\"_blank\">Delpher</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>",
"birth_date": "1922-06-09",
"death_date": "1978-09-21",
"gender": "female",
"birth_place": "Coevorden",
"birth_country": "Nederland",
"death_place": "",
"death_country": "Nederland",
"summary": "Betje Jakobs was imprisoned in camp Westerbork and Auschwitz together with the people in hiding from the Secret Annex. In the infirmary hut of Auschwitz-Birkenau she witnessed the death of Edith Frank.",
"summary_nl": "Betje Jakobs zat samen met de onderduikers uit het Achterhuis gevangen in kamp Westerbork en Auschwitz. In de ziekenbarak van Auschwitz-Birkenau was ze getuige van het overlijden van Edith Frank.",
"summary_en": "Betje Jakobs was imprisoned in camp Westerbork and Auschwitz together with the people in hiding from the Secret Annex. In the infirmary hut of Auschwitz-Birkenau she witnessed the death of Edith Frank.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 2363,
"image": null,
"pictures": [],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/52618575-b895-4a3f-b25e-aea8464342e7/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/f10c5572-ef2e-4ba0-995d-57828a30f7bd?format=api"
],
"published": true,
"uuid": "52618575-b895-4a3f-b25e-aea8464342e7",
"first_name": "Simon",
"last_name": "Zilverberg",
"infix": "",
"title": "Simon Zilverberg",
"title_nl": "Simon Zilverberg",
"title_en": "Simon Zilverberg",
"content": "<p>Simon Zilverberg was born<strong> 31 July 1904 </strong>in Amsterdam. He was a company director of a vinegar factory and an office clerk for medicinal products.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tylus\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> He married C.M. Nieuwenburg on <strong>30 March 1932</strong> in Amsterdam. She was the daughter of Miep Gies' step-father.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m9cim\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Due to his marriage to Nieuwenburg, the Germans considered Zilverberg an intermarried Jew. This gave him some protection during the occupation. Nothing is known about the search of his home; at the time, his parents-in-law, the Nieuwenburg-Moene couple, were living there. It is also not known if the home's contents were itemised by the <em>Hausraterfassung</em>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Simon Zilverberg died in <strong>February 1980</strong> in Mishawaka, St. Joseph County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k10kf\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> <em>Addresses</em>: Deurloostraat 92 II, Amsterdam; Kanaal Noord 1, Apeldoorn (’50).<sup data-footnote-id=\"tylus\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tylus\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart S. Zilverberg.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"m9cim\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart C.M. Nieuwenburg. Anne refers to him as <em>son-in-law</em>. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 6 October 1942 (with 30 September 1942), in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k10kf\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Akevoth: Familiy page <a href=\"https://www.dutchjewry.org/genealogy/noach/606.shtml#\" target=\"_blank\">Simon Zilverbeg</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"content_nl": "<p>Simon Zilverberg werd geboren op <strong>31 juli 1904</strong> in Amsterdam. Hij was bedrijfsleider van een azijnfabriek en kantoorbediende medicinale producten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tylus\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Hij trouwde op <strong>30 maart 1932</strong> in Amsterdam met C.M. Nieuwenburg, dochter van de pleegvader van Miep Gies.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m9cim\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Door zijn huwelijk met Nieuwenburg was hij als Jood vanuit Duits perspectief gezien gemengd gehuwd. Hierdoor genoot hij gedurende de bezetting enige bescherming. Over de huiszoeking in zijn woning, waar op dat moment ook zijn schoonouders, het echtpaar Nieuwenburg-Moene woonde, is niets bekend. Ook is niet bekend of de woning door de <em>Hausraterfassung</em> geïnventariseerd was.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Simon Zilverberg overleed in <strong>februari 1980</strong> in Mishawaka, St. Joseph County, in de Amerikaanse staat Indiana.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Bron persoonlijke data.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"1vmnh\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> <em>Adressen:</em> Deurloostraat 92 II, Amsterdam; Kanaal Noord 1, Apeldoorn (’50).<sup data-footnote-id=\"tylus\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tylus\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart S. Zilverberg.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"m9cim\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart C.M. Nieuwenburg. Wordt door Anne aangeduid als: <em>schoonzoon</em>. Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 6 oktober 1942 (bij 30 sepember 1942), in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1vmnh\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Akevoth: Family page <a href=\"https://www.dutchjewry.org/genealogy/noach/606.shtml#\" target=\"_blank\">Simon Zilverbeg</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"content_en": "<p>Simon Zilverberg was born<strong> 31 July 1904 </strong>in Amsterdam. He was a company director of a vinegar factory and an office clerk for medicinal products.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tylus\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> He married C.M. Nieuwenburg on <strong>30 March 1932</strong> in Amsterdam. She was the daughter of Miep Gies' step-father.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m9cim\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Due to his marriage to Nieuwenburg, the Germans considered Zilverberg an intermarried Jew. This gave him some protection during the occupation. Nothing is known about the search of his home; at the time, his parents-in-law, the Nieuwenburg-Moene couple, were living there. It is also not known if the home's contents were itemised by the <em>Hausraterfassung</em>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Simon Zilverberg died in <strong>February 1980</strong> in Mishawaka, St. Joseph County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k10kf\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> <em>Addresses</em>: Deurloostraat 92 II, Amsterdam; Kanaal Noord 1, Apeldoorn (’50).<sup data-footnote-id=\"tylus\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tylus\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart S. Zilverberg.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"m9cim\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart C.M. Nieuwenburg. Anne refers to him as <em>son-in-law</em>. Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 6 October 1942 (with 30 September 1942), in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k10kf\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Akevoth: Familiy page <a href=\"https://www.dutchjewry.org/genealogy/noach/606.shtml#\" target=\"_blank\">Simon Zilverbeg</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div> </div>\r\n</div>",
"birth_date": "1904-07-31",
"death_date": null,
"gender": "male",
"birth_place": "Amsterdam",
"birth_country": "Nederland",
"death_place": "Mishawaka, Indiana",
"death_country": "USA",
"summary": "Simon Zilverberg was married to a daughter of Miep Gies' step-father.",
"summary_nl": "Simon Zilverberg was getrouwd met een dochter van de pleegvader van Miep Gies.",
"summary_en": "Simon Zilverberg was married to a daughter of Miep Gies' step-father.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 2365,
"image": null,
"pictures": [],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/4d5116a4-17e0-4eb3-831d-6a9f4b8a6235/",
"subjects": [],
"published": true,
"uuid": "4d5116a4-17e0-4eb3-831d-6a9f4b8a6235",
"first_name": "Mozes",
"last_name": "Zilversmit",
"infix": "",
"title": "Mozes Zilversmit",
"title_nl": "Mozes Zilversmit",
"title_en": "Mozes Zilversmit",
"content": "<p>Mozes Zilversmit became the owner of lunchroom Delphi in <strong>January 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"n0936\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Anne went to Delphi for ice cream with her friends.<sup data-footnote-id=\"itiz4\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> A nasty piece about Zilversmit and Delphi appeared in the anti-Semitic magazine De Misthoorn of <strong>6 June 1942</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ms3oc\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> <em>Addresses:</em><strong> </strong>Berlin; 2e Schinkelstraat 22 II, Amsterdam (4 January 1939); Legmeerstraat 52 I (14 February 1939);<sup data-footnote-id=\"o7um0\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Daniel Willinkplein 1 (9 April 1940); Westerbork (30 December 1942).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ms3oc\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"n0936\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Noord-Hollands Archief, Haarlem, Handelsregister, Kamer van Koophandel Amsterdam, inv. nr. 1248, dossier 48365.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"itiz4\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 20 June 1942, 2nd, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ms3oc\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart M. Zilversmit.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"o7um0\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart M. Zilversmit.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Mozes Zilversmit werd in <strong>januari 1940</strong> eigenaar van lunchroom Delphi.<sup data-footnote-id=\"n0936\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Anne ging met haar vriendinnen naar Delphi voor ijs.<sup data-footnote-id=\"itiz4\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Over Zilversmit en Delphi verscheen een naar stukje in het antisemitische blad <em>De Misthoorn </em>van <strong>6 juni 1942</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Bron persoonsgegevens</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ms3oc\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> <em>Adressen</em>: Berlijn; 2e Schinkelstraat 22 II, Amsterdam (4 januari 1939); Legmeerstraat 52 I (14 februari 1939);<sup data-footnote-id=\"o7um0\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Daniel Willinkplein 1 (9 april 1940); Westerbork (30 december 1942).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ms3oc\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"n0936\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Noord-Hollands Archief, Haarlem, Handelsregister, Kamer van Koophandel Amsterdam, inv. nr. 1248, dossier 48365.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"itiz4\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek B, 20 juni 1942, 2e, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013..</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ms3oc\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart M. Zilversmit.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"o7um0\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart M. Zilversmit.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Mozes Zilversmit became the owner of lunchroom Delphi in <strong>January 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"n0936\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Anne went to Delphi for ice cream with her friends.<sup data-footnote-id=\"itiz4\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> A nasty piece about Zilversmit and Delphi appeared in the anti-Semitic magazine De Misthoorn of <strong>6 June 1942</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ms3oc\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> <em>Addresses:</em><strong> </strong>Berlin; 2e Schinkelstraat 22 II, Amsterdam (4 January 1939); Legmeerstraat 52 I (14 February 1939);<sup data-footnote-id=\"o7um0\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Daniel Willinkplein 1 (9 April 1940); Westerbork (30 December 1942).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ms3oc\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"n0936\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Noord-Hollands Archief, Haarlem, Handelsregister, Kamer van Koophandel Amsterdam, inv. nr. 1248, dossier 48365.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"itiz4\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 20 June 1942, 2nd, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ms3oc\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart M. Zilversmit.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"o7um0\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegangsnummer 5422): Gezinskaart M. Zilversmit.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"birth_date": "1892-11-06",
"death_date": "1943-04-23",
"gender": "male",
"birth_place": "Denekamp",
"birth_country": "Nederland",
"death_place": "Sobibor",
"death_country": "",
"summary": "Mozes Zilversmit was the owner of lunchroom Delphi.",
"summary_nl": "Mozes Zilversmit was eigenaar van lunchroom Delphi.",
"summary_en": "Mozes Zilversmit was the owner of lunchroom Delphi.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
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"name": "Martha_en_Ilse_van_Collem_1946_uitsnede_ilse.jpg",
"title": "Ilse van Collem, 1946",
"alt": "Vervaardiger onbekend. Privecollectie",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/Martha_en_Ilse_van_Collem_1946_uitsnede_ilse.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "Uitsnede uit een dubbelportret van Martha en Ilse van Collem, 1946",
"author": "De collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek",
"copyright": "Status onduidelijk"
},
"pictures": [],
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/20e0033f-5e3a-47fd-b9ff-f18c1f4b9514/",
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"uuid": "20e0033f-5e3a-47fd-b9ff-f18c1f4b9514",
"first_name": "Ilse",
"last_name": "Zilversmit - van Collem",
"infix": "",
"title": "Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem",
"title_nl": "Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem",
"title_en": "Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem",
"content": "<p>Ilse van Collem was born in Amsterdam on <strong>26 September 1926</strong>. She lived with her father Henri van Collem (1894-1945), mother Lotte van Collem-Randerath (1900-1993), and sister Marty van Collem (1929) at Stadhouderskade 127 above the Wilhelmina billiards factory.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mcyrf\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Her father held the position of proxy holder there for her great uncle who had founded the factory in <strong>1898</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"so6t6\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> From <strong>1934</strong>, the Van Collem family took in several people who had fled Nazi Germany. From these refugees, the Van Collem family learned stories about the treatment of Jewish people by the Nazis, and the concentration camps.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mb1dh\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ilse van Collem attended Montessori education since kindergarten: first at the Wilhelmina-Catherina School at Weteringschans 263, then at the Montessori Lyceum and later, because of anti-Jewish measures, at the Jewish Montessori Lyceum.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7cgt\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Liberal Jewish Congregation</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Ilse van Collem's parents were involved in setting up the Liberal Jewish Congregation (LJG), which had been founded in Amsterdam on <strong>31 October 1931</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6n69g\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> At the LJG, the Van Collem family also got to know the Frank family. Ilse was the same age as Margot; her younger sister Marty was the same age as Anne. The families would see each other regularly in synagogue and visit each other on (religious) holidays.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mb1dh\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Ilse said in an interview with the Anne Frank House that she went to weekly Jewish classes and met Margot there. During the week, Ilse and Margot had no contact; they were at a different school and did not live near each other.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7cgt\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Deportation</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>The Van Collem family was rounded up on <strong>20 June 1943</strong> during the large raid in Amsterdam South and East. From Amsterdam, they were deported that same day by train to Camp Westerbork. The Van Collem family stayed there for almost seven months. Ilse had to harvest potatoes and, when the harvest season was over, worked with her mother at the laundry.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7cgt\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In Westerbork, Ilse met her future husband Gunther Ludwig Zilversmit (1926-1987). Gunther Zilversmit asked her every Tuesday morning if she wanted to go with him to the performance on Tuesday night. The Tuesday performances were organised to provide distraction when a transport left that day.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xe5mt\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Gunther and Ilse became good friends but separated when the Van Collem family were transported to Bergen-Belsen camp on <strong>1 February 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mb1dh\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Gunther would only meet Ilse again after the war.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xe5mt\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Bergen-Belsen</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In Bergen-Belsen, the Van Collem family ended up in the <em>Sternlager</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mb1dh\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> There, Ilse's mother became a hut supervisor. Together with her mother, she worked in the kitchen there for a few months. Ilse was thus able to smuggle out extra food which helped the family suffer less hunger.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7cgt\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>After Ilse stayed in the <em>Sternlager</em> for about a year, her sister Marty heard from camp companion Hanneli Goslar that Anne Frank was also in Bergen-Belsen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1utuc\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> At the time, Anne was staying in the <em>Kleine Frauenlager</em>, which was adjacent to the <em>Sternlager</em>, but separated by a fence with wire netting and barbed wire with straw or reeds in between.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1pbv2\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Marty recalled how she had contact with Anne there. Her older sister Ilse and Hanneli Goslar were also there, according to Marty.<sup data-footnote-id=\"engf6\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> Ilse herself said she heard Anne through the fence, but otherwise remembered little of the exact details</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>The lost transport</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>3 April 1945</strong>, Ilse's father died in Bergen-Belsen. On <strong>10 April</strong>, Ilse was put on a transport with her sister and her mother which was intended to go to Theresienstadt, but it never arrived there. This train journey is also known as the "lost transport". For thirteen days, the train with 2,500 prisoners roamed more than six hundred kilometres through Germany, finally being liberated on <strong>23 April 1945</strong> by the Soviet army near the town of Tröbitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dzhm8\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>After the train journey, a typhus epidemic broke out among the former prisoners.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ke9l5\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Ilse and her sister also contracted it and were hospitalised by Soviet soldiers after 14 days of fever. Their mother was also seriously ill with phlebitis (arteritis) on her leg and was sent to a hospital in Liège. With the help of the Dutch Red Cross, Ilse and her sister arrived back in the Netherlands <strong>in late June 1945</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"oueom\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Back in the Netherlands</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Once back in the Netherlands, Ilse's mother was in good contact with Otto Frank. Her sister Marty recalled being shown around the Secret Annex with Ilse by Otto Frank in the summer of 1945.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3zh78\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>3 November 1945</strong>, by chance, Ilse and Gunther found each other again in The Hague. Gunther Zilversmid wrote the following about this meeting in his memoirs:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>'When I asked her who the young lady was she told me: her name is Ilse van Collem. I blushed and Mrs. Sonnenfeld immediately reacted with: 'You know the girl!!?' When I asked 'Is she the daughter of Mr. van Collem who owns Pento Cosmetics?' she said yes, but that she had lost her father in Bergen Belsen. I was utterly delighted to meet her again. (...) The weekend came, November 3, 1945 and there she was, head covered and as good looking as I remembered her. The old spark was still there and re-ignited the old fire. To make a long story short, we hit it off just fine.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"ie7c0\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>6 July 1949,</strong> Ilse van Collem married Gunther Zilversmit in Amsterdam. A baby daughter was born in <strong>1950</strong>. In <strong>October 1951</strong>, the young family emigrated to Montreal, Canada.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xe5mt\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Addresses</em>: Stadhouderskade 127hs, Amsterdam. From October 1951 Montreal, Canada.</p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mcyrf\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Henri van Collem, <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/985333f1-248f-56a3-e053-b784100ade19?person=985333f1-2490-56a3-e053-b784100ade19\">https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/985333f1-248f-56a3-e053-b784100ade19?person=985333f1-2490-56a3-e053-b784100ade19</a>; Archiefkaart Lotte Randerath, <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/985333ee-4285-56a3-e053-b784100ade19?person=985333ee-4286-56a3-e053-b784100ade19\">https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/985333ee-4285-56a3-e053-b784100ade19?person=985333ee-4286-56a3-e053-b784100ade19</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"so6t6\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Biljartfabriek Wilhelmina was in handen van Izak Barend Salomon (1863-1945) die getrouwd was met Wilhelmina Bloemgarten (1874-1962). Zij was een zusje van Julie Bloemgarten (1866-1943), de oma van Marty van Collem. De fabriek heette Wilhelmina vanwege de naam van zijn vrouw en het kroningsjaar van koningin Wilhelmina (1880-1962) in het jaar van de oprichting. Zie <a href=\"https://www.wilhelmina-billards.nl/over-ons/\">https://www.wilhelmina-billards.nl/over-ons/#</a> (geraadpleegd 13 september2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mb1dh\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-4\">d</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013; interviews Martha Dotan - van Collem, 12 oktober 2006 en 5 mei2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h7cgt\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-4\">d</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6n69g\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013. Zie ook <a href=\"https://www.ljgamsterdam.nl/nl/geschiedenis-0\">https://www.ljgamsterdam.nl/nl/geschiedenis-0</a> (geraadpleegd 6 september 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xe5mt\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013; Gunther Zilversmit, <em>From Holland and back</em>, Montreal: Concordia University, 2001, <a href=\"http://migs.concordia.ca/memoirs/zilversmit/Zilversmit.htm\">http://migs.concordia.ca/memoirs/zilversmit/Zilversmit.htm</a> (geraadpleegd 12 september 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1utuc\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013; interview Martha Dotan - van Collem, 12 oktober 2006.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1pbv2\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bas von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen, </em>Amsterdam: Querido, 2020, p. 244.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"engf6\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Hanneli Goslar kon zich in een interview met de Anne Frank Stichting echter niet herinneren dat de zussen Van Collem bij de ontmoetingen aan het hek waren. AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit-van Collem, 25 oktober 2013; interviews Martha Dotan - van Collem, 12 oktober 2006 en 5 mei 2009; interview Hanneli Pick-Goslar, 6 mei 2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dzhm8\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/het-verloren-transport/\">https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/het-verloren-transport/</a> (geraadpleegd 7 september 2022); AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013; interviews Martha Dotan - van Collem, 12 oktober 2006 en 5 mei 2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ke9l5\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Uiteindelijk overleefden meer dan 500 van de gevangenen deze reis niet, onder andere door de vlektyfusepidemie die onderweg uitbrak.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oueom\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/marty-van-collem/\">https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/marty-van-collem/</a> (geraadpleegd 6 september 2022); AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013; interviews Martha Dotan - van Collem, 12 oktober 2006 en 5 mei2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3zh78\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ook Ilse herinnerde zich een rondleiding van Otto Frank, maar noemde daarbij geen datum. AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013; interviews Martha Dotan - van Collem, 12 oktober 2006 en 5 mei 2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ie7c0\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zilversmit, <em>From Holland and back.</em>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>",
"content_nl": "<p>Ilse van Collem werd op <strong>26 september 1926</strong> geboren in Amsterdam. Ze woonde met haar vader Henri van Collem (1894-1945), moeder Lotte van Collem – Randerath (1900-1993), en haar zusje Marty van Collem (1929) op de Stadhouderskade 127 boven de Biljartfabriek Wilhelmina.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mcyrf\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Haar vader had daar de functie van procuratiehouder voor haar oudoom die in <strong>1898</strong> de fabriek had opgericht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"so6t6\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Vanaf <strong>1934</strong> nam de familie Van Collem verschillende mensen in huis die waren gevlucht uit nazi-Duitsland. Het was van deze vluchtelingen dat de familie Van Collem verhalen doorkreeg over de behandeling van Joodse mensen door de nazi’s en de concentratiekampen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mb1dh\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ilse van Collem ging sinds de kleuterklas naar het Montessorionderwijs: eerst op de Wilhelmina-Catherinaschool op de Weteringschans 263, daarna op het Montessori Lyceum en later vanwege de anti-Joodse maatregelen op het Joods Montessori Lyceum.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7cgt\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Liberale Joodse Gemeente</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>De ouders van Ilse van Collem waren betrokken bij het opzetten van de Liberaal Joodse Gemeente (LJG), die op <strong>31 oktober 1931</strong> was opgericht in Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6n69g\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Bij de LJG leerde de familie Van Collem ook de familie Frank kennen. Ilse had dezelfde leeftijd als Margot, haar jongere zusje Marty was even oud als Anne. De families zou elkaar regelmatig zien in de synagoge en bij elkaar over de vloerkomen met (religieuze) feestdagen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mb1dh\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Ilse vertelde in een interview met de Anne Frank Stichting dat ze wekelijks naar joodse les ging en daar Margot ontmoette. Doordeweeks hadden Ilse en Margot geen contact; ze zaten op een andere school en woonde niet bij elkaar in de buurt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7cgt\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Deportatie</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Het gezin Van Collem werd op <strong>20 juni 1943</strong> opgepakt tijdens de grote razzia in Amsterdam Zuid en Oost. Vanuit Amsterdam werden ze diezelfde dag nog per trein naar Kamp Westerbork gedeporteerd. Daar verbleef de familie Van Collem bijna zeven maanden. Ilse moest aardappels rooien en werkte, toen het oogstseizoen voorbij was, samen met haar moeder bij de wasserij.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7cgt\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In Westerbork ontmoette Ilse haar toekomstige man Gunther Ludwig Zilversmit (1926-1987). Gunther Zilversmit vroeg haar elke dinsdagochtend of ze met hem naar de voorstelling op dinsdagavond wilde. De voorstellingen op dinsdag werden georganiseerd om afleiding te bieden wanneer er die dag een transport vertrokken was.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xe5mt\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Gunther en Ilse raakten goed bevriend, maar van elkaar gescheiden toen het gezin Van Collem op <strong>1 februari 1944</strong> op transport moest naar kamp Bergen-Belsen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mb1dh\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Gunther zou Ilse na de oorlog pas weer ontmoeten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xe5mt\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Bergen Belsen</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In Bergen-Belsen kwam het gezin Van Collem in het <em>Sternlager</em> terecht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mb1dh\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Daar werd de moeder van Ilse barakkenleidster. Samen met haar moeder werkte ze er een paar maanden in de keuken. Ilse kon zo extra eten wegsmokkelen waardoor het gezin minder honger leed.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7cgt\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nadat Ilse ongeveer een jaar in het <em>Sternlager</em> verbleef, hoorde haar zusje Marty van kampgenote Hanneli Goslar dat ook Anne Frank in Bergen Belsen was.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1utuc\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Anne verbleef op dat moment in het <em>Kleine Frauenlager </em>dat aan het <em>Sternlager</em> lag, maar was afgescheiden door een hek met gaas en prikkeldraad met daartussen stro of riet.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1pbv2\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Marty herinnerde zich hoe ze daar contact had met Anne. Ook haar oudere zus Ilse en Hanneli Goslar zouden hier volgens Marty bij zijn geweest.<sup data-footnote-id=\"engf6\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> Ilse zelf vertelde dat ze Anne zou hebben gehoord aan het hek, maar wist zich verder weinig van de precieze details te herinneren</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Het verloren transport</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>3 april 1945</strong> overleed de vader van Ilse in Bergen-Belsen. Op <strong>10 april</strong> werd Ilse met haar zusje en haar moeder op transport gesteld naar Theresienstadt, waar ze nooit aankwamen. Deze treinreis staat ook wel bekend als het <em>verloren transport</em>. Dertien dagen zwierf de trein met 2.500 gevangenen meer dan zeshonderd kilometer door Duitsland, om uiteindelijk op <strong>23 april 1945</strong> te worden bevrijd door het Sovjetleger bij het plaatsje Tröbitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dzhm8\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Na de treinreis brak er een vlektyfusepidemie uit onder de voormalig gevangenen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ke9l5\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Ook Ilse en haar zusje kregen dit en werden na 14 dagen koorts door Sovjetsoldaten in een ziekenhuis ondergebracht. Ook hun moeder was ernstig ziek door phlebitis (aderontsteking) aan haar been en werd naar een ziekenhuis in Luik gestuurd. Met behulp van het Nederlandse Rode Kruis kwamen Ilse en haar zus <strong>eind juni 1945</strong> weer in Nederland aan.<sup data-footnote-id=\"oueom\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Terug in Nederland</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Eenmaal weer terug in Nederland kreeg de moeder van Ilse goed contact met Otto Frank. Haar zusje Marty herinnerde zich dat ze samen met Ilse door Otto Frank zijn rondgeleid door het Achterhuis in de zomer van 1945.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3zh78\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>3 november 1945</strong> vonden Ilse en Gunther elkaar per toeval weer terug in Den Haag. Gunther Zilversmid schreef in zijn memoires het volgende over deze ontmoeting:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>'When I asked her who the young lady was she told me: her name is Ilse van Collem. I blushed and Mrs. Sonnenfeld immediately reacted with: ‘You know the girl!!??’ When I asked ‘Is she the daughter of Mr. van Collem who owns Pento Cosmetics?’ she said yes, but that she had lost her father in Bergen Belsen. I was utterly delighted to meet her again. (…) The weekend came, November 3, 1945 and there she was, head covered and as good looking as I remembered her. The old spark was still there and re-ignited the old fire. To make a long story short, we hit it off just fine.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"ie7c0\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>6 juli 1949</strong> trouwden Ilse van Collem met Gunther Zilversmit in Amsterdam. In <strong>1950</strong> werd een dochtertje geboren. In <strong>oktober 1951</strong> emigreerde het jonge gezin naar Montreal, Canada.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xe5mt\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Adressen</em>: Stadhouderskade 127hs, Amsterdam. Vanaf oktober 1951 Montreal, Canada.</p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mcyrf\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Henri van Collem, <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/985333f1-248f-56a3-e053-b784100ade19?person=985333f1-2490-56a3-e053-b784100ade19\">https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/985333f1-248f-56a3-e053-b784100ade19?person=985333f1-2490-56a3-e053-b784100ade19</a>; Archiefkaart Lotte Randerath, <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/985333ee-4285-56a3-e053-b784100ade19?person=985333ee-4286-56a3-e053-b784100ade19\">https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/985333ee-4285-56a3-e053-b784100ade19?person=985333ee-4286-56a3-e053-b784100ade19</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"so6t6\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Biljartfabriek Wilhelmina was in handen van Izak Barend Salomon (1863-1945) die getrouwd was met Wilhelmina Bloemgarten (1874-1962). Zij was een zusje van Julie Bloemgarten (1866-1943), de oma van Marty van Collem. De fabriek heette Wilhelmina vanwege de naam van zijn vrouw en het kroningsjaar van koningin Wilhelmina (1880-1962) in het jaar van de oprichting. Zie <a href=\"https://www.wilhelmina-billards.nl/over-ons/\">https://www.wilhelmina-billards.nl/over-ons/#</a> (geraadpleegd 13 september2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mb1dh\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-4\">d</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013; interviews Martha Dotan - van Collem, 12 oktober 2006 en 5 mei2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h7cgt\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-4\">d</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6n69g\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013. Zie ook <a href=\"https://www.ljgamsterdam.nl/nl/geschiedenis-0\">https://www.ljgamsterdam.nl/nl/geschiedenis-0</a> (geraadpleegd 6 september 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xe5mt\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013; Gunther Zilversmit, <em>From Holland and back</em>, Montreal: Concordia University, 2001, <a href=\"http://migs.concordia.ca/memoirs/zilversmit/Zilversmit.htm\">http://migs.concordia.ca/memoirs/zilversmit/Zilversmit.htm</a> (geraadpleegd 12 september 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1utuc\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013; interview Martha Dotan - van Collem, 12 oktober 2006.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1pbv2\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bas von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen, </em>Amsterdam: Querido, 2020, p. 244.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"engf6\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Hanneli Goslar kon zich in een interview met de Anne Frank Stichting echter niet herinneren dat de zussen Van Collem bij de ontmoetingen aan het hek waren. AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit-van Collem, 25 oktober 2013; interviews Martha Dotan - van Collem, 12 oktober 2006 en 5 mei 2009; interview Hanneli Pick-Goslar, 6 mei 2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dzhm8\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/het-verloren-transport/\">https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/het-verloren-transport/</a> (geraadpleegd 7 september 2022); AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013; interviews Martha Dotan - van Collem, 12 oktober 2006 en 5 mei 2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ke9l5\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Uiteindelijk overleefden meer dan 500 van de gevangenen deze reis niet, onder andere door de vlektyfusepidemie die onderweg uitbrak.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oueom\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/marty-van-collem/\">https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/marty-van-collem/</a> (geraadpleegd 6 september 2022); AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013; interviews Martha Dotan - van Collem, 12 oktober 2006 en 5 mei2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3zh78\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ook Ilse herinnerde zich een rondleiding van Otto Frank, maar noemde daarbij geen datum. AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013; interviews Martha Dotan - van Collem, 12 oktober 2006 en 5 mei 2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ie7c0\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zilversmit, <em>From Holland and back.</em>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>",
"content_en": "<p>Ilse van Collem was born in Amsterdam on <strong>26 September 1926</strong>. She lived with her father Henri van Collem (1894-1945), mother Lotte van Collem-Randerath (1900-1993), and sister Marty van Collem (1929) at Stadhouderskade 127 above the Wilhelmina billiards factory.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mcyrf\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Her father held the position of proxy holder there for her great uncle who had founded the factory in <strong>1898</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"so6t6\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> From <strong>1934</strong>, the Van Collem family took in several people who had fled Nazi Germany. From these refugees, the Van Collem family learned stories about the treatment of Jewish people by the Nazis, and the concentration camps.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mb1dh\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ilse van Collem attended Montessori education since kindergarten: first at the Wilhelmina-Catherina School at Weteringschans 263, then at the Montessori Lyceum and later, because of anti-Jewish measures, at the Jewish Montessori Lyceum.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7cgt\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Liberal Jewish Congregation</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Ilse van Collem's parents were involved in setting up the Liberal Jewish Congregation (LJG), which had been founded in Amsterdam on <strong>31 October 1931</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6n69g\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> At the LJG, the Van Collem family also got to know the Frank family. Ilse was the same age as Margot; her younger sister Marty was the same age as Anne. The families would see each other regularly in synagogue and visit each other on (religious) holidays.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mb1dh\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Ilse said in an interview with the Anne Frank House that she went to weekly Jewish classes and met Margot there. During the week, Ilse and Margot had no contact; they were at a different school and did not live near each other.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7cgt\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Deportation</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>The Van Collem family was rounded up on <strong>20 June 1943</strong> during the large raid in Amsterdam South and East. From Amsterdam, they were deported that same day by train to Camp Westerbork. The Van Collem family stayed there for almost seven months. Ilse had to harvest potatoes and, when the harvest season was over, worked with her mother at the laundry.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7cgt\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In Westerbork, Ilse met her future husband Gunther Ludwig Zilversmit (1926-1987). Gunther Zilversmit asked her every Tuesday morning if she wanted to go with him to the performance on Tuesday night. The Tuesday performances were organised to provide distraction when a transport left that day.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xe5mt\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Gunther and Ilse became good friends but separated when the Van Collem family were transported to Bergen-Belsen camp on <strong>1 February 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mb1dh\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Gunther would only meet Ilse again after the war.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xe5mt\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Bergen-Belsen</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>In Bergen-Belsen, the Van Collem family ended up in the <em>Sternlager</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"mb1dh\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> There, Ilse's mother became a hut supervisor. Together with her mother, she worked in the kitchen there for a few months. Ilse was thus able to smuggle out extra food which helped the family suffer less hunger.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7cgt\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>After Ilse stayed in the <em>Sternlager</em> for about a year, her sister Marty heard from camp companion Hanneli Goslar that Anne Frank was also in Bergen-Belsen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1utuc\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> At the time, Anne was staying in the <em>Kleine Frauenlager</em>, which was adjacent to the <em>Sternlager</em>, but separated by a fence with wire netting and barbed wire with straw or reeds in between.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1pbv2\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Marty recalled how she had contact with Anne there. Her older sister Ilse and Hanneli Goslar were also there, according to Marty.<sup data-footnote-id=\"engf6\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> Ilse herself said she heard Anne through the fence, but otherwise remembered little of the exact details</p>\r\n\r\n<h1>The lost transport</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>3 April 1945</strong>, Ilse's father died in Bergen-Belsen. On <strong>10 April</strong>, Ilse was put on a transport with her sister and her mother which was intended to go to Theresienstadt, but it never arrived there. This train journey is also known as the "lost transport". For thirteen days, the train with 2,500 prisoners roamed more than six hundred kilometres through Germany, finally being liberated on <strong>23 April 1945</strong> by the Soviet army near the town of Tröbitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dzhm8\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>After the train journey, a typhus epidemic broke out among the former prisoners.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ke9l5\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup> Ilse and her sister also contracted it and were hospitalised by Soviet soldiers after 14 days of fever. Their mother was also seriously ill with phlebitis (arteritis) on her leg and was sent to a hospital in Liège. With the help of the Dutch Red Cross, Ilse and her sister arrived back in the Netherlands <strong>in late June 1945</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"oueom\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Back in the Netherlands</h1>\r\n\r\n<p>Once back in the Netherlands, Ilse's mother was in good contact with Otto Frank. Her sister Marty recalled being shown around the Secret Annex with Ilse by Otto Frank in the summer of 1945.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3zh78\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>3 November 1945</strong>, by chance, Ilse and Gunther found each other again in The Hague. Gunther Zilversmid wrote the following about this meeting in his memoirs:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>'When I asked her who the young lady was she told me: her name is Ilse van Collem. I blushed and Mrs. Sonnenfeld immediately reacted with: 'You know the girl!!?' When I asked 'Is she the daughter of Mr. van Collem who owns Pento Cosmetics?' she said yes, but that she had lost her father in Bergen Belsen. I was utterly delighted to meet her again. (...) The weekend came, November 3, 1945 and there she was, head covered and as good looking as I remembered her. The old spark was still there and re-ignited the old fire. To make a long story short, we hit it off just fine.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"ie7c0\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>6 July 1949,</strong> Ilse van Collem married Gunther Zilversmit in Amsterdam. A baby daughter was born in <strong>1950</strong>. In <strong>October 1951</strong>, the young family emigrated to Montreal, Canada.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xe5mt\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Addresses</em>: Stadhouderskade 127hs, Amsterdam. From October 1951 Montreal, Canada.</p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mcyrf\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Henri van Collem, <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/985333f1-248f-56a3-e053-b784100ade19?person=985333f1-2490-56a3-e053-b784100ade19\">https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/985333f1-248f-56a3-e053-b784100ade19?person=985333f1-2490-56a3-e053-b784100ade19</a>; Archiefkaart Lotte Randerath, <a href=\"https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/985333ee-4285-56a3-e053-b784100ade19?person=985333ee-4286-56a3-e053-b784100ade19\">https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/985333ee-4285-56a3-e053-b784100ade19?person=985333ee-4286-56a3-e053-b784100ade19</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"so6t6\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De Biljartfabriek Wilhelmina was in handen van Izak Barend Salomon (1863-1945) die getrouwd was met Wilhelmina Bloemgarten (1874-1962). Zij was een zusje van Julie Bloemgarten (1866-1943), de oma van Marty van Collem. De fabriek heette Wilhelmina vanwege de naam van zijn vrouw en het kroningsjaar van koningin Wilhelmina (1880-1962) in het jaar van de oprichting. Zie <a href=\"https://www.wilhelmina-billards.nl/over-ons/\">https://www.wilhelmina-billards.nl/over-ons/#</a> (geraadpleegd 13 september2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"mb1dh\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-4\">d</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013; interviews Martha Dotan - van Collem, 12 oktober 2006 en 5 mei2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h7cgt\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-4\">d</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6n69g\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013. Zie ook <a href=\"https://www.ljgamsterdam.nl/nl/geschiedenis-0\">https://www.ljgamsterdam.nl/nl/geschiedenis-0</a> (geraadpleegd 6 september 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xe5mt\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013; Gunther Zilversmit, <em>From Holland and back</em>, Montreal: Concordia University, 2001, <a href=\"http://migs.concordia.ca/memoirs/zilversmit/Zilversmit.htm\">http://migs.concordia.ca/memoirs/zilversmit/Zilversmit.htm</a> (geraadpleegd 12 september 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1utuc\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013; interview Martha Dotan - van Collem, 12 oktober 2006.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1pbv2\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bas von Benda-Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen, </em>Amsterdam: Querido, 2020, p. 244.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"engf6\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Hanneli Goslar kon zich in een interview met de Anne Frank Stichting echter niet herinneren dat de zussen Van Collem bij de ontmoetingen aan het hek waren. AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit-van Collem, 25 oktober 2013; interviews Martha Dotan - van Collem, 12 oktober 2006 en 5 mei 2009; interview Hanneli Pick-Goslar, 6 mei 2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dzhm8\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/het-verloren-transport/\">https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/het-verloren-transport/</a> (geraadpleegd 7 september 2022); AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013; interviews Martha Dotan - van Collem, 12 oktober 2006 en 5 mei 2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ke9l5\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Uiteindelijk overleefden meer dan 500 van de gevangenen deze reis niet, onder andere door de vlektyfusepidemie die onderweg uitbrak.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oueom\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/marty-van-collem/\">https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/marty-van-collem/</a> (geraadpleegd 6 september 2022); AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013; interviews Martha Dotan - van Collem, 12 oktober 2006 en 5 mei2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3zh78\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ook Ilse herinnerde zich een rondleiding van Otto Frank, maar noemde daarbij geen datum. AFS, Getuigenarchief, interview Ilse Zilversmit - van Collem, 25 mei 2013; interviews Martha Dotan - van Collem, 12 oktober 2006 en 5 mei 2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ie7c0\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zilversmit, <em>From Holland and back.</em>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>",
"birth_date": "1926-09-26",
"death_date": "2016-06-23",
"gender": "female",
"birth_place": "Amsterdam",
"birth_country": "Nederland",
"death_place": "Montreal, Quebec",
"death_country": "Canada",
"summary": "Ilse van Collem knew the Frank family from the Liberal Jewish Congregation and attended Jewish classes together with Margot Frank. In Bergen-Belsen, she is said to have heard Anne through the fence.",
"summary_nl": "Ilse van Collem kende de familie Frank uit de Liberaal Joodse Gemeente en zat op Joodse les samen met Margot Frank. In Bergen-Belsen zou ze Anne aan het hek hebben gehoord.",
"summary_en": "Ilse van Collem knew the Frank family from the Liberal Jewish Congregation and attended Jewish classes together with Margot Frank. In Bergen-Belsen, she is said to have heard Anne through the fence.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
]
}
