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Deportation to Auschwitz-Birkenau

On 3 September 1944, Anne Frank and the other people from the Secret Annex were deported from Westerbork to Auschwitz. The journey took three days.

Event

Sept. 3, 1944 - Sept. 5, 1944

52.9173 N 6.607 E

Schattenberg 4

9433 TA Zwiggelte

Nederland

Archief Rode Kruis, Den Haag

De pagina van de transportlijst waar Margot, Otto, Edith en Anne Frank op staan, nrs 306, 307, 308 en 309

Archief Rode Kruis, Den Haag Copyright: Publiek domein

On Sunday 3 September 1944, the eight people from the Secret Annex were put on a transport from Westerbork to Auschwitz. About 70 people at a time were locked in cattle wagons. In each wagon was a barrel of water and a toilet barrel. More than 1000 people were on the transport: Anne Frank was number 309 on the transport list from Westerbork to Auschwitz.[1]

According to testimony by Lenie de Jong - van Naarden (1915-2015), who was in the same wagon with the Frank family, Edith Frank allegedly tore off the red top of her clothing during the journey. Lenie also said that many of the children in the wagon slept next to their mother or father, as did the Frank sisters.[2]

On 5 September 1944, late at night, the transport arrived in Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II).[3]

At the Rampe (platform) of Auschwitz-Birkenau, the selections took place and the men and women were separated. The prisoners had to leave their luggage in the wagons and were herded onto the Rampe (loading platform) of Auschwitz-Birkenau, accompanied by shouting, dogs barking and spotlights.[4]

Footnotes

  1. ^ Het Nederlandse Rode Kruis (NRK), Den Haag, inv. nr. 1066: Transportlijst Westerbork-Auschwitz, 3 september 1944. Otto Frank staat op nummer 307 als Frank Otto 12.5.89 Kaufman op de transportlijst.Margot, Edith en Anne hebben de nummers 306, 308 en 309. NRK, Transportlijst, blatt 7. Het transport vindt plaats per spoor in gesloten veewagons. Otto Frank zegt hierover: Während des schrecklichen Transports -3 Tage in verschlossenem Viehwagen- war ich zum letzten Mal zusammen mit meiner Familie. Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_070. 
  2. ^ Willy Lindwer, De laatste zeven maanden. Vrouwen in het spoor van Anne Frank, Hilversum: Gooi en Sticht, 1988, p.158-159.
  3. ^ Vanaf begin mei 1944 komen de transporten niet meer buiten het kamp (Judenrampe) aan, maar in Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II). Verschillende verklaringen zeggen dat het transport van 3 september in de nacht aankwam. Verklaringen dat bij aankomst de poort met ‘Arbeit macht frei’ zichtbaar is kunnen dus niet kloppen omdat deze zich in Auschwitz I bevindt. Zie: Franciszek Piper, Tersesa Swiebocka (eds.), Auschwitz Nazi death camp, Oswicim: The Auschwitz-Birkenau State museum in Oswicim, 2007, ill. tussen pp.32-33.
  4. ^ Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds (AFF), Bazel, Alice Frank, AFF_AlF_corr_10: Otto Frank aan Alice Frank-Stern, 8 juni 1945. Zie ook: AFS, AFC, reg.code OFA_071: Otto Frank aan Alice Frank-Stern, 23 februari 1945 (‘Wir sind seit 5. Sept. 44 getrennt’).