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Margot Frank at the Municipal Lyceum for Girls

Margot Frank attended the Municipal Lyceum for Girls for three years. ​

Event

Sept. 1, 1938 - July 1, 1941

52.352105 N 4.876379 E

Reijnier Vinkeleskade 62

1071 SX Amsterdam

Noord Holland

Nederland

Vervaardiger onbekend. Fotocollectie Anne Frank Stichting Amsterdam

Klassenfoto van Margot Frank op het Gemeentelijk Lyceum voor Meisjes, Amsterdam, mei 1941

Vervaardiger onbekend. Fotocollectie Anne Frank Stichting Amsterdam Copyright: Status onduidelijk

After primary school, Margot Frank entered the HBS of the Municipal Lyceum for Girls (also: Girls' Lyceum), Reinier Vinkeleskade 62, in Amsterdam in September 1938.[1] Margot completed three grades at this school until she had to leave school due to anti-Jewish measures.[2]

Classmates

In the first school year 1938-1939, Margot was in class 1b with the following classmates:

  • Allen, Madeleine
  • Aselt, Mehra van
  • Bardet, Meta
  • Beugelink, Ineke
  • Bezema, Greet
  • Bienes, Marion Bertha
  • Brugge, Hennie ten
  • Burg, Anni van den
  • Corts, Hennie
  • Doornbosch, Riet
  • Eisenloeffel, Paula
  • Halleman, Lotti
  • Harting, Anna
  • Frijda, Jetteke
  • Gellicum, Gert van
  • Klaveren, Frouk van
  • Kuyk, Annie
  • Lampl, Jette
  • Ledermann, Barbara
  • Levy, Ellen
  • Meijer, Gisela
  • Overbeek, Bea van
  • Rooselaar, Erna
  • Rosenthal, Mirjam
  • Starck, Agnia
  • Vos, Tinie
  • Willigen Gatsonides, Tineke van der[3]

In the second school year 1939-1940, Margot was in class 2a with the following classmates:

  • Bardet, Meta
  • Beugelink, Ineke
  • Bezema, Greet
  • Burg, Anni van den
  • Corts, Hennie
  • Dishoeck, Marijke van
  • Ees, Annemarie van
  • Frijda, Jetteke
  • Gellicum, Gert van
  • Heimans, Myrte
  • Kohlweij, Bella
  • Last, Hetty
  • Meijer, Gisela
  • Overbeek, Bea van
  • Pouw, Lies
  • Schiltman, Mieke
  • Schuit, Lydi
  • Vonck, Nep
  • Weddepohl, Sophia Paulina (Fieta)
  • Zweep, Tine van der
  • Willigen Gatsonides, Tineke van der[4]

In the third school year 1940-1941, Margot was in class 3a with the following classmates:

  • Beugelink, Ineke
  • Bezema, Greet
  • Bie Leuveling Tjeenk, Ellen de
  • Burg, Anni van den
  • Corts, Hennie
  • Dishoeck, Marijke van
  • Ees, Annemarie van
  • Frijda, Jetteke
  • Gellicum, Gert van
  • Huiskes, Anneke
  • Kleij, Tine ten
  • Kohlweij, Bella
  • Last, Hetty
  • Meijer, Gisela
  • Overbeek, Bea van
  • Pouw, Lies
  • Schiltman, Mieke
  • Schuit, Lydi
  • Weddepohl, Sophia Paulina (Fieta)
  • Zweep, Tine van der[5]

Margot was friends with Jetteke Frijda at the Girls' Lyceum.[6] With fellow pupils at the Lyceum, Margot was involved in sports. She was a member of Tennis Association Temminck (=Temmink) and rowed at the Vereeniging tot Bevordering van de Watersport onder jongeren (Association for the Promotion of Water Sports among Young People).

The school had a drama society AHDO, 'Als Het Doek Opgaat' (When the Curtain Rises). Margot participated at least once, in The Chinese Nightingale, a play with pointed hats, braids and black blackout paper.[7]

A group photo was taken in front of the school entrance on 8 May 1941 to mark the departure of classmate Lies Pouw. The photo shows from left to right:

  • Front row: Annie van den Burg, Fieta Weddepohl, Tine ten Kleij, Miek Schiltmann, Tine van de Zweep, Bella Kohlweij
  • Second row: Gert van Gellicum, Anneke Huiskes, Marijke van Dishoeck, Jetteke Frijda
  • Third row: Hetty Last, Lies Pouw, Margot Frank, Lidy Schuit, Greet Bezema, Annemarie van Ees.
  • Fourth row: Bea van Overbeek, Ineke Beugelink, Ellen de Bie Leuveling Tjeenk.[8]

Teachers

Much is known about the teachers at the Girls' Lyceum. Who actually taught Margot is not clear. In any case, she was taught maths by Max Euwe and, according to a classmate, was his best student in their class.[9] Mr P.J. van Winter taught history, English was taught by Miss M.M.C. von der Möhlen.[10]

In the second grade (1939-1940), Margot Frank was taught English for the first time. Miss Von der Möhlen took the initiative to get the children writing to schoolchildren abroad, and on 27 April 1940, Margot wrote an English-language letter to Betty Ann Wagner in Iowa in the United States.[11]

Reports

Margot achieved the following marks in successive semesters during the 1938-1939 school year:

  • Dutch: 8, 8, 8
  • French: 7, 5, 6, 6
  • German: 9, 9, 9, 9
  • History: 8, 8, 8, 8
  • Geography: 7, 8, 8, 8
  • Mathematics: 7/8, 9/9, 9/8
  • Plant and animal science: 7, 6, 8, 7
  • Draw: 6, 6, 6, 6
  • Gym: 7, 6, 7, 7
  • Crafts: 8, 6, 8, 8[12]

In the 1939-1940 school year:

  • Calculus: 8, 8, 9, 9
  • Geometry: 8, 8, 9, 9
  • Plant and animal science: 8, 8, 8, 8
  • History: 8, 8, 8, 8
  • Geography: 7, 8, 8, 8
  • Dutch: 8, 7, 7, 8
  • French: 7, 6, 7, 7
  • High German: 9, 9, 9, 9
  • English: 7, 6, 8, 7
  • Signature: 6, 6, 6, 6 >
  • Gym: 7, 8, 7, 7
  • Crafts: 7, -, 8, 8[13]

In the 1940-1941 school year:

  • Calculus: 9, 8, 8, 9
  • Geometry: 8, 8, 9, 8
  • Physics: 8, 9, 8, 9
  • Plant and animal science: 9, 9, 9, 9
  • History: 8, 7, 8, 8
  • Geography: 8, 7, 9, 8
  • Dutch: 8, 9, 8, 8
  • French: 5, 7, 8, 7
  • High German: 9, 8, 9, 9
  • English: 7, 8, 8, 8
  • Commercial sciences: 9, 9, 9, 9
  • Sign: 6, 6, 6, 6
  • Gym: 8, 8, 7, 7
  • Crafts: 9, 8, 7, 8

She passed 'with commendation'.[14]

Billeting

Following the summer holidays, the 1940-1941 school year began on Tuesday 3 September. The pupils of the Girls’ Lyceum, like those of a number of other schools, were informed that they were to report to a different location. This was ‘in view of the fact that some buildings are being used for other purposes.’ The pupils were expected at the Hervormd Lyceum at Brahmsstraat 7 at a quarter past three on Thursday 5 September.[15]

From 1 June to 1 December 1940, the Girls’ Lyceum had been requisitioned by the German authorities to house Polizei Bataillon 41.[16] Once this billeting ended, it turned out that damage had been caused to, amongst other things, tropical aquariums and some of the rector’s personal belongings.[17]

Removal

As a result of the anti-Jewish measures, Jewish pupils were removed from education. From 9-14 July 1941, headmasters had to count their Jewish pupils and report the number to the Central Pupil Enrolment Office.[6] On 10 July 1941, head teacher M.J. Freie wrote to the parents of her pupils to contain information from them for the purpose of the declaration of Jewish pupils.[6] On 16 July 1941, she made the declaration of all Jewish pupils of her school. The HBS 4 class included Jetteke Frijda and Margot Frank. The list contained a total of fifty-one names, two of which, for unknown reasons, had been crossed out.[18] On 2 September 1941, she wrote to the parents of the Jewish students that their daughters would no longer be admitted.[6]

In a Book of Memories in 1950, the school wrote: "Poignant remains the memory of those who, first removed from the school by the coercive power of the enemy when the Sol Justitiae was extinguished in our country, were later driven to their deaths in concentration camps."[19]

Footnotes

  1. ^ Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Archief Curatoren van het Lyceum voor Meisjes: Rapportenregisters van de HBS, 421 en 491; SAA, Gerrit van der Veen Scholengemeenschap en rechtsvoorgangers, toegang 623, Leerlingkaarten van voortijdig vetrokken leerlingen, 1925/26-1956/57, inv. nr. 227A: Leerlingkaart en cijferlijst van M.B. Frank over de periode 1938-41. 
  2. ^ Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_069: Otto Frank aan Fritz Fafflok, 1 maart 1967, inzake 'Entschadigung'.
  3. ^ SAA, Gerrit van der Veen Scholengemeenschap en rechtsvoorgangers, toegang 623, inv. nr. 307: rapportenregisters klas 1B, 1938-'39. 
  4. ^ Ibidem, inv. nr. 421: rapportenregisters klas 2A, 1939-'40.
  5. ^ Ibidem, inv. nr. 491: rapportenregisters klas 3A, 1940-'41.
  6. a, b, c, d Dienke Hondius, Absent. Herinneringen aan het Joods Lyceum Amsterdam, 1941-1943, Amsterdam: Vassallucci, 2001, p. 47.
  7. ^ AFS, Getuigenarchief, Kohlweij: Herinneringen van Bella Kohlweij. Het Stadsarchief Amsterdam heeft een grote collectie glasnegatieven van toneelvoorstellingen en eindexamen klassen van het Gemeentelijk Lyceum voor meisjes. SAA, toegangsnummer: 623.FO.
  8. ^ AFS, AFC, reg. code A_MFrank_III_014: Klassefoto met Margot Frank op Gemeentelijk lyceum voor meisjes.
  9. ^ AFS, Getuigenarchief, Bienes: Samenvatting interview Marion Bienes, 1 december 1994.
  10. ^ AFS, Getuigenarchief, Last, Hetty.
  11. ^ AFS, Getuigenarchief, Last, Hetty. De originele brief (en ook de brief van Anne aan Juanita Wagner, het zusje van Betty Ann, bevinden zich in het archief van het Simon Wiesenthal Museum of Tolerance, Los Angeles, Verenigde Staten. 
  12. ^ AFS, AFC, reg. code A_MFrank_I_032: Rapport Margot Frank, klas 1b.
  13. ^ AFS, AFC, reg. code A_MFrank_I_033: Rapport Margot Frank, klas 2a.
  14. ^ AFS, AFC, reg. code A_MFrank_I_034: Rapport Margot Frank, klas 3a.
  15. ^ 'Gymnasia, H.B.S.-en lycea van Amsterdam’, Algemeen Handelsblad, 1 september 1940, 5.
  16. ^ SAA, Gemeentelijk Bureau voor Inkwartiering (toegang 5229), inv. nr. 301: ‘opgave van ten behoeve van Duitsche civiele organen ter beschikking gestelde dienstgebouwen’, 25 maart 1941.
  17. ^ SAA, Secretarie, Afdeling Onderwijs (toegang 5191), inv. nr. 7322, volgnr. 642: rectrix M.J. Freie aan de wethouder voor het onderwijs, 11 februari 1941.
  18. ^ SAA, Archief van de Secretarie, Afdeling Onderwijs, inv. nr. 7410: Opgave 16 juli 1941, Ingekomen lijsten van middelbare scholen met opgave van aanwezige Joodse leerlingen (kopie bij: AFS, afd. Collecties, Collectie in beheer van derden, Instellingen Nederland).
  19. ^ 'Gedenkboek ter gelegenheid van het 25-jarig bestaan van het Gemeentelijk Lyceum voor Meisjes te Amsterdam en het afscheid van Dr Magrita J. Freie als rectrix van deze school, Amsterdam, 1950, p. 14.

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