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{
    "id": 2077,
    "image": {
        "id": 1231,
        "uuid": "fcbad52f-ccd3-49e1-9d68-ff23595333cd",
        "name": "Julius Holländer - uitsnede",
        "title": "Foto van Julius Holländer tijdens de huwelijksdag van Otto Frank en Edith Holländer, Aken, 12 mei 1925",
        "alt": "Vervaardiger: Wilhelm Preim. Fotocollectie Anne Frank Stichting Amsterdam",
        "url": "",
        "path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/534f7ae0-3490-f4fa-3dbe-f32f0e6b973c_Julius_Holl%C3%A4nder.jpg",
        "filetype": "image",
        "description": "",
        "author": "De collectie kan worden ingezet voor het publiek",
        "copyright": "Rechthebbende(n) onvindbaar"
    },
    "pictures": [
        {
            "id": 1211,
            "uuid": "a9c66f90-41f2-46d3-b297-89dc307b0109",
            "name": "Huwelijksdag van Otto Frank en Edith Holländer.",
            "title": "Foto van de huwelijksdag van Otto Frank en Edith Holländer, Aken, 12 mei 1925.",
            "alt": "Vervaardiger: Wilhelm Preim. Fotocollectie Anne Frank Stichting Amsterdam",
            "url": "https://images.memorix.nl/anf/thumb/1920x1080/534f7ae0-3490-f4fa-3dbe-f32f0e6b973c.jpg",
            "path": null,
            "filetype": "image",
            "description": "",
            "author": "De collectie kan worden ingezet voor het publiek",
            "copyright": "Rechthebbende(n) onvindbaar"
        }
    ],
    "url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/fee45840-1768-451a-86b4-a10dfd3eaabc/",
    "subjects": [
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        "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/33fccf8a-d8ce-43ec-ba4a-8fd86bf56fd8?format=api",
        "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/59a72c2a-c340-45bc-8ef5-d0a634dfb416?format=api"
    ],
    "published": true,
    "uuid": "fee45840-1768-451a-86b4-a10dfd3eaabc",
    "first_name": "Julius",
    "last_name": "Holländer",
    "infix": "",
    "title": "Julius Holländer",
    "title_nl": "Julius Holländer",
    "title_en": "Julius Holländer",
    "content": "<p>Julius Holl&auml;nder was the eldest son of&nbsp;Abraham Holl&auml;nder and Rosa Holl&auml;nder-Stern&nbsp;and a brother of Edith Frank-Holl&auml;nder.<sup data-footnote-id=\"d9isd\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>After Otto Frank and his family had moved into their home on Merwedeplein, Walter and his brother Julius reunited their niece Margot with her parents.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5k7ot\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> The fact that he had been injured in World War I saved him from being sent to a concentration camp after his arrest on Kristallnacht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"p07cg\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup>&nbsp;Julius applied for permission to emigrate to the United States in the course of <strong>1938</strong>. A required affidavit was issued to him. Because of the threatening situation in Germany, Otto Frank wanted to take him in and look after him while he was&nbsp;waiting for the definitive visa.<sup data-footnote-id=\"n7i3w\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>25 March 1939</strong> he left on the <em>SS Veendam</em>&nbsp;for the United States.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ovcrd\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> He travelled on a visa that was issued on <strong>24 February</strong> in Stuttgart.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y2msq\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Julius worked in America as a night oven man at Canton Japanning Company that&nbsp;made patent leather.<sup data-footnote-id=\"88neq\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup>&nbsp;The Holl&auml;nder brothers could not get over the stresses endured and the loss of family members. Julius wrote to Otto in the summer of <strong>1945</strong>: &ldquo;Our lives are empty now. Edith and the girls was all we had&rdquo;.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cqis6\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>With his brother Walter, he transferred one hundred dollars in <strong>1963 </strong>to support the work of the Anne Frank House.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1pyx6\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup>&nbsp;In the <strong>1960s</strong>, Julius suffered from various ailments and was very nervous. He had a poor diet.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kjjrm\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> Julius died following an accident.<sup data-footnote-id=\"oqkwd\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"x4uwy\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup>&nbsp;<em>Addresses</em>:&nbsp;Pastorplatz 1, Aachen;<sup data-footnote-id=\"3a5fa\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup>&nbsp;138 High Street, Canton, Massachussets, USA.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6fte0\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"d9isd\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne refers to him as (one of) <em>my two uncles</em>. Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 20 June 1942, 1st, in: <em>The Collected Works,&nbsp;</em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5k7ot\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Colectie (AFC), reg. code A_Getuigen_I_084-1: Edith Frank aan Gertrud Naumann, waarschijnlijk zaterdag 23 december 1933.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"p07cg\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Melissa M&uuml;ller, <em>Anne Frank. De biografie, 5e</em>, geheel herziene druk,&nbsp;Amsterdam: Bakker, 2013, p. 106.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"n7i3w\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, Comit&eacute; voor Joodsche Vluchtelingen, inv. nr. 503: Otto Frank aan het Comit&eacute; voor Joodsche Vluchtelingen, 17 november 1938. &nbsp;</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ovcrd\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Rotterdam,&nbsp;Passagiers Holland Amerika Lijn (H.A.L.),&nbsp;<a href=\"https://hdl.handle.net/21.12133/5A529609B63E43B8B2A5D67286AD45EA\">Afvaart &#39;SS Veendam&#39; op 25-03-1939 vanaf haven Rotterdam</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y2msq\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>US National Archives, Washington DC, Immigration and Naturalization [Papers??]: ship&#39;s manifest s.s. Veendam, 25 maart - 5 april 1939.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"88neq\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, Otto Frank File, New York, NY: YIVO Institute for Jewisch Research, 2007, p. 17; George T. Comeau, <a href=\"https://www.thecantoncitizen.com/?p=74878\" target=\"_blank\">Canton&#39;s true tales: a telegram to 138 High Street</a>, Canton Citizen, 4 juni 2021.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cqis6\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC,&nbsp;Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_073: Julius Holl&auml;nder aan Otto Frank, augustus 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1pyx6\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_073: Julius en Walter Holl&auml;nder aan J. Soetendorp, 12 mei 1963.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kjjrm\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_073: Heinz Jacobowitz aan Otto Frank, 9 juli 1961.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oqkwd\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Aufbau</em>, 13 oktober 1967.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"x4uwy\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Herbert Lepper, <em>Von der Emanzipation zum Holocaust. Die Israelitische Synagogengemeinde zu Aachen 1801-1942</em>, Aachen: Verlag der Mayer&#39;schen Buchhandlung, 1994, p. 1571; <em>Aufbau</em>, 13 oktober 1967.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3a5fa\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Lepper, <em>Von der Emanzipation zum Holocaust</em>, p. 1571.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6fte0\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>YIVO, Otto Frank File, p. 14.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
    "content_nl": "<p>Julius Holl&auml;nder was de oudste zoon van Abraham Holl&auml;nder en&nbsp;Rosa Holl&auml;nder-Stern en&nbsp;een broer van Edith Frank-Holl&auml;nder.<sup data-footnote-id=\"d9isd\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup>&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Alle kinderen uit het gezin van Abraham Holl&auml;nder gingen eerst naar de&nbsp;<em>J&uuml;dische Volksschule</em> in Aken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5gnf5\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;Na het afronden van een opleiding aan het gymnasium van Aken, volgde&nbsp;Julius, evenals zijn broer,&nbsp;Walter een private financieel-economische studie bij een&nbsp;hoogleraar van de <em>Technische Hochschule</em> ter voorbereiding op een positie in de onderneming van hun vader, waarvan beide broers na diens dood de leiding zouden krijgen.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog diende Julius als vrijwilliger bij het <em>Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 25.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"ypgja\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup><em>&nbsp;</em>Na een schot in zijn elleboog zou hij de rest van zijn leven last houden van een stijve arm. Hij werd in <strong>december 1915</strong> onderscheiden met het IJzeren Kruis.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2pfe3\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup>&nbsp;Zowel Julius&nbsp;als Walter, die nooit soldaat was geweest, waren lid van de in <strong>1919</strong> opgerichte&nbsp;<em>Reichsbund j&uuml;discher Frontsoldaten</em>, waarvan in <strong>november 1932</strong>&nbsp;een lokale afdeling in Aken werd opgericht met Julius als voorzitter. Daarnaast was Julius voorzitter van&nbsp;<em>Turnclub&nbsp;1906</em> en plaatsvervangend voorzitter van voetbalclub <em>Alemania</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"474uz\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup>&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Beide broers waren ongehuwd en woonden thuis bij hun ouders. Toen hun moeder in <strong>1933</strong> het familiehuis aan de Liebfrauenstrasse in Aken verkocht en verhuisde naar de Monheimsallee verhuisden Julius en Walter mee en later, in <strong>1935</strong>, naar de Pastorplatz. Julius en Walter waren gek op kinderen, kwamen vaak bij de familie Frank in Frankfurt langs en namen Margot en Anne in de auto mee naar Aken. Na de emigratie van de familie Frank naar Amsterdam brachten Julius en Walter Margot vanuit Aken naar Amsterdam, terwijl Anne nog even bij oma Rosa Holl&auml;nder-Stern bleef wonen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yuxbe\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Na de machtsovername van de nazi&rsquo;s in <strong>1933</strong> probeerden Julius en Walter het familiebedrijf draaiende te houden in een onzeker politiek en economisch klimaat, maar na de Novemberprogrom van <strong>1938</strong>&nbsp;lukte dat niet langer. Beiden werden op <strong>12 november 1938</strong> gearresteerd. Na de Kristallnacht kwam Walter in concentratiekamp Sachsenhausen terecht, maar het feit dat Julius tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog gewond was geraakt, behoedde&nbsp;hem voor doorzending naar een concentratiekamp.<sup data-footnote-id=\"p07cg\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup>&nbsp;Vanwege de <em>Verordnung &uuml;ber den Einsatz des j&uuml;dischen Verm&ouml;gens</em> van <strong>3 december 1938</strong>&nbsp;werden de Holl&auml;nders gedwongen hun bedrijfsactiviteiten stop te zetten. Op <strong>26 januari 1939</strong> werd in het handelsregister aangetekend dat de firma <em>B. Hollander</em> was geliquideerd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"owyu7\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Dankzij zijn neef Ernst, die al enige tijd in de Verenigde Staten woonde en een affidavit voor hem had getekend, slaagde Julius erin toestemming te krijgen voor emigratie naar de Verenigde Staten.&nbsp;Vanwege de dreigende toestand in Duitsland nam Otto Frank hem, in afwachting van de definitieve visa, in huis in Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"n7i3w\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup>&nbsp;Op <strong>25 maart 1939</strong> vertrok Julius met de <em>SS Veendam</em>&nbsp;naar de Verenigde Staten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dqezm\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> Hij reisde&nbsp;met een visum dat <strong>24 februari</strong> in Stuttgart was afgegeven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y2msq\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Eenmaal in&nbsp;de VS aangekomen, vestigde Julius zich in Massachussets, waar hij, mede omdat zij de Engelse taal niet goed beheersten, geen andere keus had dan ongeschoold werk te accepteren als als <em>oven man</em>&nbsp;in de nachtploeg van de Canton Japanning Company, een bedrijf dat lakleer produceerde. Het brandend houden van de ovens was niet alleen ongezond, maar werd ook slecht betaald: hij verdiende slechts een schamel loon van US$ 28 per week.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1ofma\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Julius en Walter Holl&auml;nder kregen op <strong>13 november 1944</strong> het Amerikaanse staatsburgerschap. Ze sloegen zich er ook na het eind van de oorlog doorheen als laagbetaalde fabrieksarbeiders en leefden in uiterst bescheiden omstandigheden&nbsp;in de buurt van Boston. Toen zij het bericht kregen, dat hun zus&nbsp;Edith en haar beide kinderen Margot en Anne Frank waren omgekomen in de Duitse concentratiekampen, waren zij ontroostbaar. Dat hun naaste familie was vermoord, konden ze maar moeilijk verwerken: &ldquo;Our lives are empty now. Edith and the girls was all we had,&rdquo; schreef Julius in de zomer van <strong>1945&nbsp;</strong>aan Otto Frank<strong>.</strong><sup data-footnote-id=\"rac9h\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Met zijn broer Walter maakte hij in <strong>1963 </strong>honderd dollar over ter ondersteuning van het werk van de Anne Frank Stichting.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1pyx6\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup> In datzelfde jaar verhuisden de broers naar New York, waar zij min of meer als kluizenaars door het leven gingen. Schrale troost was dat hij en Walterr&nbsp;in <strong>1956</strong> elk een maandelijkse uitkering van DM 600,-- ontvingen als schadevergoeding aan slachtoffers van de nazi-vervolging.&nbsp;Ook met zijn lichamelijke gezondheid ging het slecht: Julius leed aan reuma en had staaroperatie aan zijn rechteroog en&nbsp;een zware darmoperatie moeten ondergaan.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Julius verongelukte in New York op <strong>4 oktober 1967</strong> bij een val in een liftschacht. Walter plaatste negen dagen later een overlijdensadvertentie in het emigrantenblad <em>Aufbau</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"oqkwd\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Bron persoonsgegevens</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cq0dc\"><a href=\"#footnote-16\" id=\"footnote-marker-16-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[16]</a></sup>&nbsp;<em>Adressen</em>:&nbsp;Pastorplatz 1, Aachen;<sup data-footnote-id=\"3a5fa\"><a href=\"#footnote-17\" id=\"footnote-marker-17-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[17]</a></sup>&nbsp;138 High Street, Canton, Massachussets, USA.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6fte0\"><a href=\"#footnote-18\" id=\"footnote-marker-18-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[18]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"d9isd\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Wordt door Anne aangeduid als: (een van) <em>m&#39;n twee ooms</em>. Anne Frank, Dagboek B, 20 juni 1942, 1e, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5gnf5\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Holger A. Dux, &#39;Zur Geschichte der Vorfahren der Anne Frank in Aachen&#39;, in: Winfried Casteel &amp; Yvonne Hugot-Zgodda (Red.), <em>Beitr&auml;ge zur Geschichte des Nationalsozialismus in Aachen</em>, Aachen: Volkshochschule Aachen, 2012, p. 3.6/7.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ypgja\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Voluit&nbsp;<a href=\"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infanterie-Regiment_%E2%80%9Evon_L%C3%BCtzow%E2%80%9C_(1._Rheinisches)_Nr._25\" target=\"_blank\">Infanterie-Regiment &bdquo;von L&uuml;tzow&ldquo; (1. Rheinisches) Nr. 25</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2pfe3\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>&quot;Das Eiserne Kreuz erhielt der ehemalige Einj&auml;hrige Kriegsfreiwillige Julius Holl&auml;nder, im Inf.=Regt. Nr. 25. Sohn von A. Holl&auml;nder, Liebfrauenstra&szlig;e 5.&nbsp;<em>Aachener Anzeiger</em>, 15 december 1915.&nbsp;Geraadpleegd via het <a href=\"https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/newspaper\" target=\"_blank\">Deutsche Zeitungsportal</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"474uz\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bezirksregierung D&uuml;sseldorf,&nbsp;Entsch&auml;digungsakten Julius &amp; Walter Hollander, Verklaring van Karl Loewenstein.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yuxbe\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Getuigen_I_084-1: Edith Frank aan Gertrud Naumann, waarschijnlijk zaterdag 23 december 1933.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"p07cg\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Melissa M&uuml;ller, <em>Anne Frank. De biografie, 5e</em>, geheel herziene druk,&nbsp;Amsterdam: Bakker, 2013, p. 106.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"owyu7\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Melissa M&uuml;ller, <em>Anne Frank: de biografie</em>, p. 113-116.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"n7i3w\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, Comit&eacute; voor Joodsche Vluchtelingen, inv. nr. 503: Otto Frank aan het Comit&eacute; voor Joodsche Vluchtelingen, 17 november 1938. &nbsp;</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dqezm\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Rotterdam,&nbsp;Passagiers Holland Amerika Lijn (H.A.L.),&nbsp;<a href=\"https://hdl.handle.net/21.12133/5A529609B63E43B8B2A5D67286AD45EA\" target=\"_blank\">Afvaart &#39;SS Veendam&#39; op 25-03-1939 vanaf haven Rotterdam</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y2msq\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>US National Archives, Washington DC, Immigration and Naturalization [Papers??]: ship&#39;s manifest s.s. Veendam, 25 maart - 5 april 1939.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1ofma\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, Otto Frank File, New York, NY: YIVO Institute for Jewisch Research, 2007, p. 17; George T. Comeau, <a href=\"https://www.thecantoncitizen.com/?p=74878\" target=\"_blank\">Canton&#39;s true tales: a telegram to 138 High Street</a>, Canton Citizen, 4 juni 2021.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"rac9h\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC,&nbsp;Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_073: Julius Holl&auml;nder aan Otto Frank, augustus 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1pyx6\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_073: Julius en Walter Holl&auml;nder aan J. Soetendorp, 12 mei 1963.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oqkwd\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Aufbau</em>, 13 oktober 1967.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cq0dc\" id=\"footnote-16\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-16-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Herbert Lepper, <em>Von der Emanzipation zum Holocaust. Die Israelitische Synagogengemeinde zu Aachen 1801-1942</em>, Aachen: Verlag der Mayer&#39;schen Buchhandlung, 1994, p. 1571; <em>Aufbau</em>, 13 oktober 1967.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3a5fa\" id=\"footnote-17\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-17-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Lepper, <em>Von der Emanzipation zum Holocaust</em>, p. 1571.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6fte0\" id=\"footnote-18\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-18-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>YIVO, Otto Frank File, p. 14.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
    "content_en": "<p>Julius Holl&auml;nder was the eldest son of&nbsp;Abraham Holl&auml;nder and Rosa Holl&auml;nder-Stern&nbsp;and a brother of Edith Frank-Holl&auml;nder.<sup data-footnote-id=\"d9isd\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>After Otto Frank and his family had moved into their home on Merwedeplein, Walter and his brother Julius reunited their niece Margot with her parents.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5k7ot\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> The fact that he had been injured in World War I saved him from being sent to a concentration camp after his arrest on Kristallnacht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"p07cg\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup>&nbsp;Julius applied for permission to emigrate to the United States in the course of <strong>1938</strong>. A required affidavit was issued to him. Because of the threatening situation in Germany, Otto Frank wanted to take him in and look after him while he was&nbsp;waiting for the definitive visa.<sup data-footnote-id=\"n7i3w\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>25 March 1939</strong> he left on the <em>SS Veendam</em>&nbsp;for the United States.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ovcrd\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> He travelled on a visa that was issued on <strong>24 February</strong> in Stuttgart.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y2msq\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Julius worked in America as a night oven man at Canton Japanning Company that&nbsp;made patent leather.<sup data-footnote-id=\"88neq\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup>&nbsp;The Holl&auml;nder brothers could not get over the stresses endured and the loss of family members. Julius wrote to Otto in the summer of <strong>1945</strong>: &ldquo;Our lives are empty now. Edith and the girls was all we had&rdquo;.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cqis6\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>With his brother Walter, he transferred one hundred dollars in <strong>1963 </strong>to support the work of the Anne Frank House.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1pyx6\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup>&nbsp;In the <strong>1960s</strong>, Julius suffered from various ailments and was very nervous. He had a poor diet.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kjjrm\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> Julius died following an accident.<sup data-footnote-id=\"oqkwd\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Source personal data</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"x4uwy\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup>&nbsp;<em>Addresses</em>:&nbsp;Pastorplatz 1, Aachen;<sup data-footnote-id=\"3a5fa\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup>&nbsp;138 High Street, Canton, Massachussets, USA.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6fte0\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"d9isd\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne refers to him as (one of) <em>my two uncles</em>. Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 20 June 1942, 1st, in: <em>The Collected Works,&nbsp;</em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5k7ot\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Colectie (AFC), reg. code A_Getuigen_I_084-1: Edith Frank aan Gertrud Naumann, waarschijnlijk zaterdag 23 december 1933.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"p07cg\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Melissa M&uuml;ller, <em>Anne Frank. De biografie, 5e</em>, geheel herziene druk,&nbsp;Amsterdam: Bakker, 2013, p. 106.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"n7i3w\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, Comit&eacute; voor Joodsche Vluchtelingen, inv. nr. 503: Otto Frank aan het Comit&eacute; voor Joodsche Vluchtelingen, 17 november 1938. &nbsp;</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ovcrd\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Rotterdam,&nbsp;Passagiers Holland Amerika Lijn (H.A.L.),&nbsp;<a href=\"https://hdl.handle.net/21.12133/5A529609B63E43B8B2A5D67286AD45EA\">Afvaart &#39;SS Veendam&#39; op 25-03-1939 vanaf haven Rotterdam</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y2msq\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>US National Archives, Washington DC, Immigration and Naturalization [Papers??]: ship&#39;s manifest s.s. Veendam, 25 maart - 5 april 1939.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"88neq\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, Otto Frank File, New York, NY: YIVO Institute for Jewisch Research, 2007, p. 17; George T. Comeau, <a href=\"https://www.thecantoncitizen.com/?p=74878\" target=\"_blank\">Canton&#39;s true tales: a telegram to 138 High Street</a>, Canton Citizen, 4 juni 2021.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cqis6\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC,&nbsp;Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_073: Julius Holl&auml;nder aan Otto Frank, augustus 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1pyx6\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_073: Julius en Walter Holl&auml;nder aan J. Soetendorp, 12 mei 1963.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kjjrm\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_073: Heinz Jacobowitz aan Otto Frank, 9 juli 1961.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oqkwd\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Aufbau</em>, 13 oktober 1967.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"x4uwy\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Herbert Lepper, <em>Von der Emanzipation zum Holocaust. Die Israelitische Synagogengemeinde zu Aachen 1801-1942</em>, Aachen: Verlag der Mayer&#39;schen Buchhandlung, 1994, p. 1571; <em>Aufbau</em>, 13 oktober 1967.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3a5fa\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Lepper, <em>Von der Emanzipation zum Holocaust</em>, p. 1571.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6fte0\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>YIVO, Otto Frank File, p. 14.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
    "birth_date": "1894-12-11",
    "death_date": "1967-10-04",
    "gender": "male",
    "birth_place": "Eschweiler",
    "birth_country": "Duitsland",
    "death_place": "New York",
    "death_country": "USA",
    "summary": "Julius Holländer was a brother of Edith Holländer, Otto Frank's wife and mother of Margot and Anne.",
    "summary_nl": "Julius Holländer was een broer van Edith Frank",
    "summary_en": "Julius Holländer was a brother of Edith Holländer, Otto Frank's wife and mother of Margot and Anne.",
    "same_as": null,
    "files": []
}