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"name": "Victor Kugler put to work in Zwolle",
"name_nl": "Victor Kugler tewerkgesteld in Zwolle",
"name_en": "Victor Kugler put to work in Zwolle",
"content": "<p>According to Victor Kugler's typed English-language notebook, he was put on a transport to Zwolle on <strong>26 September 1944</strong> and worked in Voorst/Westenholte.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l809i\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Trenches and walls were being built there by the prisoners to stop the Allies.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9zxp0\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The <em>Transportliste </em>shows the initial departure date as <strong>19 September 1944</strong>. This was changed on the cover sheet to <strong>26 September 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jsmru\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> A Red Cross postcard stamped on<strong> 26 October 1944</strong> confirms that Victor Kugler was put to work in Zwolle at that time.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5rjiz\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On a CADSU compensation form Kugler completed in <strong>1963</strong>, he wrote that he stayed at the Buitensociëteit in Zwolle from <strong>26 September to 30 December 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6d3cp\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> At the Buitensociëteit, prisoners slept on straw and had no blankets. The people of Zwolle offered their help by arranging food and clothing, but they also helped prisoners escape.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9zxp0\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Kugler is also said to have been given a fake/false identity card in Zwolle with a view to a later escape.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l809i\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Kugler's notebook also shows that he stayed in Zwolle during this period, but in different places:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>4 November 1944 </strong>Watersteeg in Zwolle.</li>\r\n\t<li><strong>28/11</strong> "New unit Watersteeg" Lodging at Brouwers.</li>\r\n\t<li><strong>21 December</strong>, transferred to a school.</li>\r\n\t<li><strong>28/12 </strong>Left Zwolle by train. Arived at midnight in Arnhem.</li>\r\n\t<li><strong>30 Dec</strong>. arrival at Wageningen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l809i\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>According to a report by the Zwolle municipal police dated <strong>10 December 1949</strong>, the Buitensociëteit (located near Zwolle railway station) had been evacuated <strong>in late November or early December 1944</strong> due to the increasing Allied air raids, and the prisoners were housed in school buildings. Victor Kugler also typed in his notebook that he was moved to a school building on 21 December, which is later than the description in the police report and could possibly be related to his stay with the Brouwer family.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>When Kugler ended up in Zwolle during his imprisonment, he sought contact with Martin Brouwer. Brouwer had been a representative of Gies & Co for some time during the war and a supplier of food stamps for the Secret Annex. Brouwer vouched for Kugler, who was therefore allowed to eat and stay overnight at the Brouwer family home.<sup data-footnote-id=\"s4erc\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The De Helmhorst estate with the Hoog Erve villa on it was located on Watersteeg in Zwolle, now Kuyerhuislaan. An interview with the Brouwer children reveals that Kugler had to perform all kinds of odd jobs there.<sup data-footnote-id=\"s4erc\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Possibly this is what Kugler meant when he typed 'New unit Watersteeg' in his notebook.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l809i\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The police report shows that eventually about 50-60 of the prisoners in Zwolle were transferred to Wageningen. However, an exact date of that transfer is not given in the police report.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8m6ab\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> This may have been with the evacuation or as <strong>late as late December</strong> 1944. In fact, Kugler typed in his notebook that on <strong>28 December 1944</strong> he had to take the train to Arnhem and when it turned out that there was no work for the prisoners there, they then had to go on foot to Wageningen. They arrived there on <strong>30 December 1944</strong>, according to the notebook.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l809i\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-5\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Kugler also wrote on the CADSU form that the transfer to Wageningen took place on <strong>30 December 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6d3cp\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l809i\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-4\">d</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-5\">e</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Kugler_I_048: Engelstalig notitieboekje Victor Kugler.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9zxp0\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>https://erfgoed.zwolle.nl/monument-de-buitensoci-teit, geraadpleegd op 24 augustus 2022.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jsmru\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nummer 190 op de lijst, op blad 11, is Kugler. Het Nederlandse Rode Kruis (NRK), Den Haag, dossier 97791: ‘Transportliste’ 19 september 1944, blad 1 en 11, Het uitstel is veroorzaakt door de verwoesting van het station in Amersfoort op 17 september, als onderdeel van de slag om Arnhem. NRK, dossier 97791: Victor Kugler aan CADSU, 23 januari 1963.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5rjiz\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NRK, dossier 97791: Briefkaart aan “fam. Kugler” in Hilversum</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6d3cp\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>NRK, dossier 97791: Aanvraagformulier A, Centraal Afwikkelbureau Duitse Schadeuitkeringen, ingevuld door Kugler en gestempeld 3 september 1963.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"s4erc\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Getuigenarchief, Brouwer. Gesprek met twee kinderen Brouwer, 15 mei 2011.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8m6ab\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NRK, dossier 97791: Rapport No. 24.249 van Gemeentepolitie Zwolle, 10 december 1949. Uit dit rapport blijkt dat de Zwolse politie destijds beschikte over een lijst van gevangenen in de Buitensociëteit.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>",
"content_nl": "<p>Volgens Victor Kuglers getypte en Engelstalige notitieboekje ging hij op <strong>26 september 1944</strong> op transport naar Zwolle en werkte hij daar in Voorst/Westenholte.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l809i\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Daar werden door de gevangenen loopgraven en muren aangelegd om de geallieerde groepen tegen te kunnen houden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9zxp0\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op de <em>Transportliste</em> staat als aanvankelijke vertrekdatum <strong>19 september 1944</strong>. Dit is op het voorblad veranderd in <strong>26 september 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jsmru\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Een op<strong> 26 oktober 1944</strong> gestempelde briefkaart van het Rode Kruis bevestigt dat Victor Kugler op dat moment in Zwolle tewerkgesteld was.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5rjiz\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Uit een CADSU-formulier voor schadevergoeding dat Kugler in <strong>1963 </strong>invulde, schreef hij dat hij van <strong>26 september</strong> tot <strong>30 december 1944</strong> verbleef bij de Buitensociëteit in Zwolle.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6d3cp\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> In de Buitensociëteit sliepen de gevangenen op stro en hadden ze geen dekens. De Zwollenaren boden hun hulp aan door voedsel en kleding te regelen, maar ook hielpen ze met het laten ontsnappen van gevangenen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9zxp0\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Ook Kugler zou in Zwolle alvast een vals/vervalst persoonsbewijs hebben gekregen met het oog op ontsnapping.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l809i\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ook uit Kuglers notitieboekje blijkt dat hij in die periode in Zwolle verbleef, maar op verschillende plaatsen:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>November 4, 1944 </strong>Watersteeg in Zwolle.</li>\r\n\t<li><strong>28/11</strong> “Nieuwe eenheid Watersteeg” Logies at Brouwers. </li>\r\n\t<li><strong>December 21</strong>, transferred to a school. </li>\r\n\t<li><strong>28/12 </strong>Left Zwolle by train. Arived at midnight in Arnhem.</li>\r\n\t<li><strong>30 Dec</strong>. arrival at Wageningen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l809i\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Volgens een rapport van de gemeentepolitie Zwolle van <strong>10 december 1949</strong> was (de vlakbij het station Zwolle gelegen) Buitensociëteit vanwege de toenemende geallieerde luchtaanvallen <strong>eind november</strong> of <strong>begin december 1944</strong> ontruimd en werden de gevangenen ondergebracht in schoolgebouwen. Ook Victor Kugler typte in zijn notitieboekje dat hij op 21 december werd verplaatst naar een schoolgebouw, wat later is dan de beschrijving in het politierapport en mogelijk te maken kan hebben met zijn verblijf bij de familie Brouwer. </p>\r\n\r\n<p>Toen Kugler tijdens zijn gevangenschap in Zwolle terechtkwam, zocht hij contact met Martin Brouwer. Brouwer was tijdens de oorlog enige tijd vertegenwoordiger van Gies & Co geweest en leverancier van voedselbonnen voor het Achterhuis. Brouwer stelde zich borg voor Kugler, die daarom bij de familie Brouwer thuis mocht eten en overnachten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"s4erc\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Aan de Watersteeg in Zwolle, nu Kuyerhuislaan, lag de buitenplaats de Helmhorst met daarop de villa Hoog Erve. Uit een interview met de kinderen Brouwer blijkt dat Kugler daar allerlei klusjes had moeten verrichten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"s4erc\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Mogelijk bedoelde Kugler dit toen hij in zijn notitieboekje typte: “Nieuwe eenheid Watersteeg”.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l809i\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Uit het politierapport blijkt dat uiteindelijk ongeveer 50-60 van de gevangenen in Zwolle naar Wageningen werden overgebracht. Een precieze datum van die verplaatsing wordt in het politierapport echter niet geven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8m6ab\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Mogelijk is dit met de ontruiming of pas <strong>eind december 1944</strong> geweest. Kugler typte namelijk in zijn notitieboekje dat hij op <strong>28 december 1944</strong> met de trein naar Arnhem moest en toen daar geen werk voor de gevangenen bleek te zijn, ze vervolgens te voet naar Wageningen moesten. Daar zouden ze volgens het notitieboekje op <strong>30 december 1944 </strong>zijn aangekomen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l809i\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-5\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Ook in het CADSU-formulier schreef Kugler dat de overplaatsing naar Wageningen op <strong>30 december 1944 </strong>plaatsvond.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6d3cp\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l809i\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-4\">d</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-5\">e</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Kugler_I_048: Engelstalig notitieboekje Victor Kugler.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9zxp0\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie https://erfgoed.zwolle.nl/monument-de-buitensoci-teit, geraadpleegd op 24 augustus 2022.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jsmru\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nummer 190 op de lijst, op blad 11, is Kugler. Het Nederlandse Rode Kruis (NRK), Den Haag, dossier 97791: ‘Transportliste’ 19 september 1944, blad 1 en 11, Het uitstel is veroorzaakt door de verwoesting van het station in Amersfoort op 17 september, als onderdeel van de slag om Arnhem. NRK, dossier 97791: Victor Kugler aan CADSU, 23 januari 1963.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5rjiz\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NRK, dossier 97791: Briefkaart aan “fam. Kugler” in Hilversum</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6d3cp\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>NRK, dossier 97791: Aanvraagformulier A, Centraal Afwikkelbureau Duitse Schadeuitkeringen, ingevuld door Kugler en gestempeld 3 september 1963.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"s4erc\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS,Getuigenarchief, Brouwer. Gesprek met twee kinderen Brouwer, 15 mei 2011.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8m6ab\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NRK, dossier 97791: Rapport No. 24.249 van Gemeentepolitie Zwolle, 10 december 1949. Uit dit rapport blijkt dat de Zwolse politie destijds beschikte over een lijst van gevangenen in de Buitensociëteit.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>",
"content_en": "<p>According to Victor Kugler's typed English-language notebook, he was put on a transport to Zwolle on <strong>26 September 1944</strong> and worked in Voorst/Westenholte.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l809i\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Trenches and walls were being built there by the prisoners to stop the Allies.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9zxp0\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The <em>Transportliste </em>shows the initial departure date as <strong>19 September 1944</strong>. This was changed on the cover sheet to <strong>26 September 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jsmru\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> A Red Cross postcard stamped on<strong> 26 October 1944</strong> confirms that Victor Kugler was put to work in Zwolle at that time.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5rjiz\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On a CADSU compensation form Kugler completed in <strong>1963</strong>, he wrote that he stayed at the Buitensociëteit in Zwolle from <strong>26 September to 30 December 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6d3cp\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> At the Buitensociëteit, prisoners slept on straw and had no blankets. The people of Zwolle offered their help by arranging food and clothing, but they also helped prisoners escape.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9zxp0\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Kugler is also said to have been given a fake/false identity card in Zwolle with a view to a later escape.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l809i\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Kugler's notebook also shows that he stayed in Zwolle during this period, but in different places:</p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>4 November 1944 </strong>Watersteeg in Zwolle.</li>\r\n\t<li><strong>28/11</strong> "New unit Watersteeg" Lodging at Brouwers.</li>\r\n\t<li><strong>21 December</strong>, transferred to a school.</li>\r\n\t<li><strong>28/12 </strong>Left Zwolle by train. Arived at midnight in Arnhem.</li>\r\n\t<li><strong>30 Dec</strong>. arrival at Wageningen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l809i\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</blockquote>\r\n\r\n<p>According to a report by the Zwolle municipal police dated <strong>10 December 1949</strong>, the Buitensociëteit (located near Zwolle railway station) had been evacuated <strong>in late November or early December 1944</strong> due to the increasing Allied air raids, and the prisoners were housed in school buildings. Victor Kugler also typed in his notebook that he was moved to a school building on 21 December, which is later than the description in the police report and could possibly be related to his stay with the Brouwer family.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>When Kugler ended up in Zwolle during his imprisonment, he sought contact with Martin Brouwer. Brouwer had been a representative of Gies & Co for some time during the war and a supplier of food stamps for the Secret Annex. Brouwer vouched for Kugler, who was therefore allowed to eat and stay overnight at the Brouwer family home.<sup data-footnote-id=\"s4erc\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The De Helmhorst estate with the Hoog Erve villa on it was located on Watersteeg in Zwolle, now Kuyerhuislaan. An interview with the Brouwer children reveals that Kugler had to perform all kinds of odd jobs there.<sup data-footnote-id=\"s4erc\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Possibly this is what Kugler meant when he typed 'New unit Watersteeg' in his notebook.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l809i\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-4\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The police report shows that eventually about 50-60 of the prisoners in Zwolle were transferred to Wageningen. However, an exact date of that transfer is not given in the police report.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8m6ab\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> This may have been with the evacuation or as <strong>late as late December</strong> 1944. In fact, Kugler typed in his notebook that on <strong>28 December 1944</strong> he had to take the train to Arnhem and when it turned out that there was no work for the prisoners there, they then had to go on foot to Wageningen. They arrived there on <strong>30 December 1944</strong>, according to the notebook.<sup data-footnote-id=\"l809i\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-5\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Kugler also wrote on the CADSU form that the transfer to Wageningen took place on <strong>30 December 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6d3cp\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"l809i\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-4\">d</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-5\">e</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Kugler_I_048: Engelstalig notitieboekje Victor Kugler.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9zxp0\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>https://erfgoed.zwolle.nl/monument-de-buitensoci-teit, geraadpleegd op 24 augustus 2022.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jsmru\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nummer 190 op de lijst, op blad 11, is Kugler. Het Nederlandse Rode Kruis (NRK), Den Haag, dossier 97791: ‘Transportliste’ 19 september 1944, blad 1 en 11, Het uitstel is veroorzaakt door de verwoesting van het station in Amersfoort op 17 september, als onderdeel van de slag om Arnhem. NRK, dossier 97791: Victor Kugler aan CADSU, 23 januari 1963.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5rjiz\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NRK, dossier 97791: Briefkaart aan “fam. Kugler” in Hilversum</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6d3cp\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>NRK, dossier 97791: Aanvraagformulier A, Centraal Afwikkelbureau Duitse Schadeuitkeringen, ingevuld door Kugler en gestempeld 3 september 1963.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"s4erc\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Getuigenarchief, Brouwer. Gesprek met twee kinderen Brouwer, 15 mei 2011.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8m6ab\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NRK, dossier 97791: Rapport No. 24.249 van Gemeentepolitie Zwolle, 10 december 1949. Uit dit rapport blijkt dat de Zwolse politie destijds beschikte over een lijst van gevangenen in de Buitensociëteit.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1944-09-26",
"date_end": "1944-12-28",
"summary": "Victor Kugler was put to work in Zwolle from 26 September to the end of December 1944.",
"summary_nl": "Victor Kugler werd van 26 september tot eind december 1944 in Zwolle tewerkgesteld.",
"summary_en": "Victor Kugler was put to work in Zwolle from 26 September to the end of December 1944.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
],
"subjects": [
{
"id": 396124391,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/f565de08-feb8-4e12-802d-b3f22ff193f4/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "f565de08-feb8-4e12-802d-b3f22ff193f4",
"name": "Imprisonment",
"name_nl": "Gevangenschap",
"name_en": "Imprisonment",
"description": "",
"description_nl": "",
"description_en": "",
"summary": "Imprisonment is the detention of people after an arrest or before or after trial.",
"summary_nl": "Gevangenschap is het vasthouden van mensen na een arrestatie of, voor of na berechting.",
"summary_en": "Imprisonment is the detention of people after an arrest or before or after trial.",
"same_as": [
"https://data.niod.nl/WO2_Thesaurus/1928"
],
"parent": 396124386,
"files": []
}
],
"related_locations": [
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/locaties/105008b4-ca79-48a9-b02c-d544e3ef67b4/",
"published": true,
"name": "Zwolle - Buitensociëteit",
"name_nl": "Zwolle - Buitensociëteit",
"name_en": "Zwolle - Buitensociëteit",
"uuid": "105008b4-ca79-48a9-b02c-d544e3ef67b4",
"content": "",
"content_nl": "",
"content_en": "",
"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (6.090717 52.50703)",
"summary": "In October 1944, some 1,200 prisoners from Camp Amersfoort were brought to Zwolle to dig trenches.",
"summary_nl": "In oktober 1944 werden zo’n 1.200 gevangenen uit kamp Amersfoort naar Zwolle gebracht om loopgraven aan te leggen.",
"summary_en": "In October 1944, some 1,200 prisoners from Camp Amersfoort were brought to Zwolle to dig trenches.",
"same_as": null,
"street": "Stationsweg 44",
"zipcode": "",
"city": "Zwolle",
"state": "",
"land": "",
"location_events": [
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}