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"name": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_nl": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_en": "Rivierenbuurt",
"description": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt, die wordt begrensd door de Amstelrivier in het oosten, de Boerenwetering in het westen, het Amstelkanaal in het noorden, en de Zuidelijke Wandelweg in het zuiden. Het maakt deel uit van <em>Plan Zuid</em>, een stedenbouwkundig plan voor Amsterdam-Zuid, dat in het begin van de <strong>20e eeuw</strong> werd ontworpen door de architect H.P Berlage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> bestond uit drie delen: de <em>Apollobuurt</em> en de <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, gericht op welgestelden, middenklasse en arbeidersklasse, en de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, gericht op de middenklasse. Ook een groot deel van de buurt <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> behoort tot het <em>Plan Zuid</em>. In het stedenbouwkundig plan was bedacht dat drie hoofdstraten (de Amstellanen) de buurt in een Y-vorm zouden doorsnijden, en samen zouden komen op het Daniël Willinkplein, een vernoeming naar de Nederlandse schrijver Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Dit waren de Amstellaan (na de oorlog werd dit de Stalinlaan en in <strong>1956</strong>, na de Russische inval in Hongarije, gewijzigd in Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (nu Churchill-laan) en Zuider Amstellaan (nu Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> De overige straatnamen in de buurt werden vernoemd naar Nederlandse rivieren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De woningen in de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> oefenden vanaf het begin van de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Joodse Amsterdammers uit de middenklasse. Qua grootte en voorzieningen staken zij bijzonder gunstig af tegen de kleine, slechte woningen in de overbevolkte Jodenbuurt rond het Waterlooplein. Toch was er in de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> veel leegstand, en daardoor streken ook veel Duitse Joden die vanuit nazi-Duitsland naar Nederland vluchtten, hier neer, waaronder ook de families Frank en Van Pels en een aantal van hun vrienden en kennissen. De immigranten voelden zich thuis in deze buurt met de vele geloofsgenoten. Uiteindelijk woonde in <strong>1940</strong> zo'n 40% van de in Amsterdam wonende Joden in dit deel van de stad.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
"summary_nl": "De Rivierenbuurt is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt waar zich vanaf de jaren dertig veel Joodse inwoners hebben gevestigd.",
"summary_en": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/5694b8f5-ed82-4489-ae60-9ba4b16d6312/",
"published": true,
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"name": "Leisure activities, Edith Frank",
"name_nl": "Vrijetijdsbesteding Edith Frank",
"name_en": "Leisure activities, Edith Frank",
"description": "<p>Little is known about Edith Frank-Höllander's hobbies and leisure activities. A number of sources do reveal that she played tennis, listened to classical music and read a lot. For example, there is a photo of Edith Frank-Höllander with four other girls and a man in tennis clothes, holding tennis rackets.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gpk19\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>She owned a number of gramophone records with classical music. The records are attributed to Edith Frank-Holländer because they are described in her handwriting.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gsayt\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Many of Edith's books also survived.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne wrote in her diary <strong>in May 1944</strong> that her mother read everything except detective novels.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ojci9\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Otto Frank wrote to his family in a letter dated <strong>19 August 1945</strong>:<em> 'Edith u Margot waren beide starke Leser</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"zrd91\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Edith is also known to have been a visitor to the <em>Deutsche Leihbibliothek</em> on Biesboschstraat in the <strong>late 1930s</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gpk19\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite> Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_familieledenFrank_III_089; datum en plaats onbekend.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gsayt\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De gramofoonplaten bevinden zich in het privébezit van de familie Elias.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ojci9\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 16-19 May 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zrd91\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_071: Otto Frank aan zijn familie, 19 augustus 1945. </cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>Er is weinig bekend over de hobby's en vrijetijdsbesteding van Edith Frank-Höllander. Uit een aantal bronnen is wel af te leiden dat zij tenniste, naar klassieke muziek luisterde en veel las. Zo is er een foto van Edith Frank-Höllander met vier andere meisjes en een man in tenniskledij en met tennisrackets.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gpk19\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ze bezat een aantal grammofoonplaten met klassieke muziek. De grammofoonplaten worden toegeschreven aan Edith Frank-Holländer omdat ze in haar handschrift zijn beschreven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gsayt\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Verder zijn er veel boeken van Edith bewaard gebleven.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne schrijft <strong>mei 1944</strong> in haar dagboek dat haar moeder alles las, behalve detectives.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ojci9\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Otto Frank schreef aan zijn familie in een brief van <strong>19 augustus 1945</strong>: '<em>Edith u Margot waren beide starke Leser</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"zrd91\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Van Edith is verder bekend dat ze in de <strong>late jaren dertig</strong> een bezoekster was van de <em>Deutsche Leihbibliothek</em> in de Biesboschstraat.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gpk19\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite> Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_familieledenFrank_III_089; datum en plaats onbekend.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gsayt\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De gramofoonplaten bevinden zich in het privébezit van de familie Elias.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ojci9\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 16-19 mei 1944, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zrd91\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_071: Otto Frank aan zijn familie, 19 augustus 1945. </cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>Little is known about Edith Frank-Höllander's hobbies and leisure activities. A number of sources do reveal that she played tennis, listened to classical music and read a lot. For example, there is a photo of Edith Frank-Höllander with four other girls and a man in tennis clothes, holding tennis rackets.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gpk19\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>She owned a number of gramophone records with classical music. The records are attributed to Edith Frank-Holländer because they are described in her handwriting.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gsayt\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Many of Edith's books also survived.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne wrote in her diary <strong>in May 1944</strong> that her mother read everything except detective novels.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ojci9\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Otto Frank wrote to his family in a letter dated <strong>19 August 1945</strong>:<em> 'Edith u Margot waren beide starke Leser</em>.'<sup data-footnote-id=\"zrd91\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Edith is also known to have been a visitor to the <em>Deutsche Leihbibliothek</em> on Biesboschstraat in the <strong>late 1930s</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gpk19\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite> Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_familieledenFrank_III_089; datum en plaats onbekend.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gsayt\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>De gramofoonplaten bevinden zich in het privébezit van de familie Elias.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ojci9\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 16-19 May 1944, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zrd91\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_071: Otto Frank aan zijn familie, 19 augustus 1945. </cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "Edith Frank enjoyed listening to classical music and loved to read.",
"summary_nl": "Edith Frank luisterde graag naar klassieke muziek en hield van lezen.",
"summary_en": "Edith Frank enjoyed listening to classical music and loved to read.",
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"name": "Deutsche Leihbibliothek",
"name_nl": "Deutsche Leihbibliothek",
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"content": "<p><strong>Addresses</strong>: Biesboschstraat 65hs, Amsterdam;<sup data-footnote-id=\"5guxk\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Cliostraat 30 (nevenvestiging).<sup data-footnote-id=\"9rgze\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The D.L.B. was an initiative of K.W. Hirsch. Post-war correspondence showed that Edith Frank was among the clientele of this lending library <strong>before 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ndyhs\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The D.L.B. advertised in a circular the availability of all new releases and the assurance that customers would be expertly advised. The borrowing rate was ten cents per week, the costs of a subscription started at 75 cents per month. If so desired, the books were delivered to your home. Although the circular was written entirely in German, the letterhead reads (in Dutch) <em>Duitsche Leesbibliotheek</em>. (German Lending Library).<sup data-footnote-id=\"9rgze\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Stamps against anti-Semitism from Austria were also sold at the library. Those stamps were an initiative of Viennese Irene Harand from Vienna. They showed Jewish scientists with great merits for humanity.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2gokv\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5guxk\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Algemeen Adresboek voor de stad Amsterdam</em> 1938, p. 288; Leo Baeck Institute (New York), Robert Weltsch Collection, omslag 7185, zionist corr. 1938 - '39: Circulaire "Duitsche Leesbibliotheek", maart 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9rgze\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Leo Baeck Institute, Robert Weltsch Collection: Circulaire "Duitsche Leesbibliotheek", maart 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ndyhs\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_132: Otto Frank aan R. Harben, 10 oktober 1947 en v.v. 18 oktober 1947.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2gokv\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>"De Harand-zegels in Nederland", <em>Nieuw Israelietisch Weekblad</em>, 10 december 1937.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p><strong>Adressen</strong>: Biesboschstraat 65hs, Amsterdam;<sup data-footnote-id=\"5guxk\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Cliostraat 30 (nevenvestiging).<sup data-footnote-id=\"9rgze\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De D.L.B. was een initiatief van K.W. Hirsch. Uit naoorlogse correspondentie bleek dat Edith Frank voor <strong>1940 </strong>tot de clientèle van deze leesbibliotheek behoorde.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ndyhs\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De D.L.B. adverteerde in een circulaire met de beschikbaarheid alle nieuwe uitgaven en de belofte dat klanten vakkundig geadviseerd zouden worden. Het leentarief was tien cent per week, de kosten van een abonnement waren (vanaf) 75 cent per maand. Desgewenst werden de boeken thuisbezorgd. Hoewel de circulaire geheel in het Duits was gesteld, staat in het briefhoofd <em>Duitsche Leesbibliotheek</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9rgze\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Bij de bibliotheek werden ook uit Oostenrijk afkomstige zegels tegen het antisemitisme verkocht. Die zegels waren een initatief van de Weense Irene Harand. Ze toonden Joodse wetenschappers met grote verdiensten voor de mensheid. <sup data-footnote-id=\"2gokv\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5guxk\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Algemeen Adresboek voor de stad Amsterdam</em> 1938, p. 288; Leo Baeck Institute (New York), Robert Weltsch Collection, omslag 7185, zionist corr. 1938 - '39: Circulaire "Duitsche Leesbibliotheek", maart 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9rgze\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Leo Baeck Institute, Robert Weltsch Collection: Circulaire "Duitsche Leesbibliotheek", maart 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ndyhs\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_132: Otto Frank aan R. Harben, 10 oktober 1947 en v.v. 18 oktober 1947.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2gokv\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>"De Harand-zegels in Nederland", <em>Nieuw Israelietisch Weekblad</em>, 10 december 1937.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p><strong>Addresses</strong>: Biesboschstraat 65hs, Amsterdam;<sup data-footnote-id=\"5guxk\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Cliostraat 30 (nevenvestiging).<sup data-footnote-id=\"9rgze\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The D.L.B. was an initiative of K.W. Hirsch. Post-war correspondence showed that Edith Frank was among the clientele of this lending library <strong>before 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ndyhs\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The D.L.B. advertised in a circular the availability of all new releases and the assurance that customers would be expertly advised. The borrowing rate was ten cents per week, the costs of a subscription started at 75 cents per month. If so desired, the books were delivered to your home. Although the circular was written entirely in German, the letterhead reads (in Dutch) <em>Duitsche Leesbibliotheek</em>. (German Lending Library).<sup data-footnote-id=\"9rgze\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Stamps against anti-Semitism from Austria were also sold at the library. Those stamps were an initiative of Viennese Irene Harand from Vienna. They showed Jewish scientists with great merits for humanity.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2gokv\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5guxk\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Algemeen Adresboek voor de stad Amsterdam</em> 1938, p. 288; Leo Baeck Institute (New York), Robert Weltsch Collection, omslag 7185, zionist corr. 1938 - '39: Circulaire "Duitsche Leesbibliotheek", maart 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9rgze\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Leo Baeck Institute, Robert Weltsch Collection: Circulaire "Duitsche Leesbibliotheek", maart 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ndyhs\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_132: Otto Frank aan R. Harben, 10 oktober 1947 en v.v. 18 oktober 1947.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2gokv\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>"De Harand-zegels in Nederland", <em>Nieuw Israelietisch Weekblad</em>, 10 december 1937.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (4.89679 52.34494)",
"summary": "The Deutsche Leihbibliothek (D.L.B. - German Lending Library) was a library for German literature in Amsterdam South.",
"summary_nl": "De Deutsche Leihbibliothek, of D.L.B., was een bibliotheek voor Duitse literatuur in Amsterdam-Zuid.\r\nDuitsche Leesbibliotheek.",
"summary_en": "The Deutsche Leihbibliothek (D.L.B. - German Lending Library) was a library for German literature in Amsterdam South.",
"same_as": null,
"street": "Biesboschstraat 65 huis",
"zipcode": "",
"city": "Amsterdam",
"state": "Noord-Holland",
"land": "Nederland",
"location_events": []
}
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