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"name": "ANWU01624000001",
"title": "Gebouw Candida, rond 1933",
"alt": "Vervaardiger onbekend. Stadsarchief Amsterdam",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/ANWU01624000001.jpg",
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"author": "De collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek",
"copyright": "Publiek domein"
},
"latitude": "52.375236",
"longitude": "4.891791",
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{
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/b808c539-1fbe-46d4-8dbb-62ccc7c004b3/",
"subjects": [
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"published": true,
"uuid": "b808c539-1fbe-46d4-8dbb-62ccc7c004b3",
"name": "Otto Frank establishes Opekta in the Netherlands",
"name_nl": "Otto Frank vestigt Opekta in Nederland",
"name_en": "Otto Frank establishes Opekta in the Netherlands",
"content": "<p>He established his company in Amsterdam. Opekta is a company which was licensed to sell pectin. Opekta was also the name of the gelling agent to make homemade jam. To sell his product Otto arranged advertisements and organizes demonstrations at meetings for housewife associations. Victor Kugler and Miep Santrouschitz helped him build up his business. Victor was his righthand man. Miep gave information over the telephone and also sent information about using Opekta. Johannes Kleiman and Bep Voskuijl joined the company later. Others worked in the warehouse and sales.</p>",
"content_nl": "<p>Zijn bedrijf vestigde hij in Amsterdam. Opekta is een bedrijf dat onder licentie pectine verkoopt aan consumenten. Dit is een geleermiddel waarmee huisvrouwen zelf jam kunnen maken. Om zijn product te verkopen verzorgde hij reclamematerialen en organiseerde hij demonstraties op bijeenkomsten van huisvrouwenverenigingen. Victor Kugler en Miep Santrouschitz hielpen Otto bij de opbouw van zijn bedrijf. Victor werd zijn rechterhand. Miep gaf telefonisch en schriftelijk inlichtingen over het gebruik van Opekta. Later kwamen ook Johannes Kleiman en Bep Voskuijl in dienst. Verdere werkten er mensen in het magazijn en in de verkoop.</p>",
"content_en": "<p>He established his company in Amsterdam. Opekta is a company which was licensed to sell pectin. Opekta was also the name of the gelling agent to make homemade jam. To sell his product Otto arranged advertisements and organizes demonstrations at meetings for housewife associations. Victor Kugler and Miep Santrouschitz helped him build up his business. Victor was his righthand man. Miep gave information over the telephone and also sent information about using Opekta. Johannes Kleiman and Bep Voskuijl joined the company later. Others worked in the warehouse and sales.</p>",
"date": "1933-07-01",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "In July 1933 Otto Frank began selling Opekta in the Netherlands.",
"summary_nl": "In juli 1933 begon Otto Frank met de verkoop van Opekta in Nederland.",
"summary_en": "In July 1933 Otto Frank began selling Opekta in the Netherlands.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
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{
"id": 257,
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/4e042032-9591-423e-a1b3-730e2fdbcfdb/",
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"name": "Miep Gies works at Opekta",
"name_nl": "Miep Gies werkzaam bij Opekta",
"name_en": "Miep Gies works at Opekta",
"content": "<p>According to the Register of Foreign Nationals, Miep worked at Opekta from <strong>16 October 1933</strong>, after more than ten months of unemployment. She earned NLG 15 per week.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hu0nu\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> By her own account, she was put to work on jam preparation the first day and spent at least a month working with all kinds of recipes. When she had mastered this, she was put on the phone to help solve problems<em> </em>(Opekta information department)<em> </em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j4dy9\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Besides the Opekta information department, Miep Gies did administrative work: her responsibilities included payroll and the bank giro cash book.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2abym\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Sometimes Miep Gies got the people in hiding to update debtors' lists and sales books.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5564e\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nMiep had her workplace in the front office, where Bep and Kleiman were also working.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j4dy9\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>After the arrest, she and Bep continued to work in the office until Kleiman's return, and according to her, Miep Gies was the only one able to continue the business activities in the meantime.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t9geb\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nThere are photos and video material documenting Miep's presence at Opekta:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The photo of Miep with Otto Frank and Henk van Beusekom, <strong>September 1936</strong>, in the office at Singel 400.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r4c3v\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The photo of Miep with Henk van Beusekom, Isa Cauvern and Branca Boom (sister-in-law of Miep Gies).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ryqv2\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The photo of Miep with Isa Cauvern, Henk van Beusekom, Hetty Levie and Kugler on the pavement of Singel 400.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ue1s6\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Miep figured in the Opekta advertising film, which showed jam preparation using Opekta liquid.<sup data-footnote-id=\"od3tz\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The <strong>1941 </strong>photo of Miep with Kugler, Bep, Pine and Esther in the front office of Prinsengracht 263.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kbugw\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The <strong>May 1941 </strong>photo of Miep in the front office. She posed with Van Pels, Esther and Bep.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ntf5k\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Also from <strong>May 1941 </strong>is the photo of Miep with Bep and Pine at the waterfront.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5kr4k\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>On the occasion of Miep's marriage to Jan Gies on <strong>16 July 1941</strong>, a party was held at the Opekta office. Some photos were taken during this, both inside and outside in front of the door.<sup data-footnote-id=\"aw45a\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The <strong>1945 </strong>photo of Miep with other helpers and Otto Frank in the front office.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f2b3x\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Miep herself resigned from Opekta in the summer of <strong>1947</strong>. She felt that running a household with three men (Jan, Otto Frank and Ab Cauvern) was already a full-time job: "I was no longer the young girl searching for freedom and independence through her work."<sup data-footnote-id=\"b4edr\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hu0nu\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Santrouschitz: Transcriptie Vreemdelingenkaart H. Santrouschitz, Notitie 3 augustus 1935.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j4dy9\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Miep Gies, Interview 1992, deel 1. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2abym\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Verklaring E. van Wijk-Voskuijl, voor RIOD, 27 februari 1981.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5564e\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 30 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>; transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t9geb\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 199-203.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r4c3v\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Opekta_III_002.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ryqv2\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_003. Branca komt in 1935 bij Opekta en trouwt in augustus 1936. Na haar huwelijk gaat ze weg. AFS, Getuigenarchief, Boom.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ue1s6\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_007. Opekta betrok Singel 400 eind 1934; Henk van Beusekom werkte er tot 7 januari 1938. In die periode moet de foto zijn gemaakt.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"od3tz\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_IV_001. De film is gedateerd 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kbugw\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_008. De datering staat in Beps handschrift achterop.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ntf5k\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_009. In Beps handschrift staat achterop 1940. Het bijschrift in de Museale Collectie zegt 1941.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5kr4k\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Digitale fotocollectie. Als deze en de vorige allebei uit mei 1941 zijn, dan in ieder geval verschillende dagen: Miep draagt andere kleren.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"aw45a\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Digitale fotocollectie.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f2b3x\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_011.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b4edr\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gies & Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank</em>, p. 235.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Volgens het register van de Vreemdelingendienst werkte Miep Gies, bij Opekta vanaf <strong>16 oktober 1933</strong>, na ruim tien maanden werkloosheid. Ze verdiende fl. 15, - per week.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hu0nu\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Naar eigen zeggen, werd ze de eerste dag aan de jambereiding gezet en was ze zeker een maand met allerlei recepten in de weer. Toen ze dit onder de knie had, werd ze aan de telefoon gezet om problemen te helpen oplossen (<em>Opekta inlichtingendienst </em>).<sup data-footnote-id=\"j4dy9\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Miep had haar werkplek in het voorkantoor, waar ook Bep en Kleiman zaten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j4dy9\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Behalve de Opekta Inlichtingendienst deed Miep administratief werk: de loonadministratie en het kasbankgiroboek vielen onder andere onder haar verantwoordelijkheid.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2abym\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Soms schakelde Miep Gies de onderduikers in om debiteurenlijsten en verkoopboeken door hen te laten bijwerken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5564e\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Na de arrestatie bleef ze samen met Bep op kantoor werken tot Kleimans terugkeer. Naar eigen zeggen was Miep Gies de enige die de bedrijfsactiviteiten in de tussentijd kon voortzetten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t9geb\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> <br />\r\n<br />\r\nEr is divers beeldmateriaal dat Mieps aanwezigheid bij Opekta documenteert:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>De foto van Miep met Otto Frank en Henk van Beusekom, <strong>september 1936</strong>, in het kantoor op Singel 400.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r4c3v\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>De foto van Miep met Henk van Beusekom, Isa Cauvern en Branca Boom (schoonzus van Miep Gies).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ryqv2\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>De foto van Miep met Isa Cauvern, Henk van Beusekom, Hetty Levie en Kugler op de stoep van Singel 400.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ue1s6\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Miep figureerde in de Opekta reclamefilm, waarin de jambereiding met Opekta vloeibaar werd getoond.<sup data-footnote-id=\"od3tz\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>De foto uit <strong>1941 </strong>van Miep met Kugler, Bep, Pine en Esther in het voorkantoor van Prinsengracht 263.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kbugw\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>De foto uit <strong>mei 1941 </strong>van Miep in het voorkantoor. Ze poseerde met Van Pels, Esther en Bep.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ntf5k\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Eveneens gedateerd <strong>mei 1941 </strong>is de foto van Miep met Bep en Pine aan de waterkant.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5kr4k\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Ter gelegenheid van Mieps huwelijk met Jan Gies op <strong>16 juli 1941 </strong>werd in het Opekta kantoor een feestje gevierd. Daarbij werden enkele foto’s gemaakt, zowel binnen als buiten voor de deur.<sup data-footnote-id=\"aw45a\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>De foto uit <strong>1945 </strong>van Miep met andere helpers en Otto Frank in het voorkantoor.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f2b3x\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Miep nam in de zomer van <strong>1947 </strong>zelf ontslag bij Opekta. Ze vond dat ze aan haar huishouden met drie mannen (Jan, Otto Frank en Ab Cauvern) een dagtaak had: '<em>Ik was niet langer het jonge meisje dat via haar werk vrijheid en onafhankelijkheid zocht.</em>'<sup data-footnote-id=\"b4edr\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hu0nu\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Santrouschitz: Transcriptie Vreemdelingenkaart H. Santrouschitz, Notitie 3 augustus 1935.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j4dy9\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Miep Gies, Interview 1992, deel 1. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2abym\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Verklaring E. van Wijk-Voskuijl, voor RIOD, 27 februari 1981.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5564e\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 30 september 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk,</em> Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t9geb\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 199-203.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r4c3v\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Opekta_III_002.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ryqv2\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_003. Branca komt in 1935 bij Opekta en trouwt in augustus 1936. Na haar huwelijk gaat ze weg. AFS, Getuigenarchief, Boom.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ue1s6\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_007. Opekta betrok Singel 400 eind 1934; Henk van Beusekom werkte er tot 7 januari 1938. In die periode moet de foto zijn gemaakt.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"od3tz\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_IV_001. De film is gedateerd 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kbugw\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_008. De datering staat in Beps handschrift achterop.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ntf5k\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_009. In Beps handschrift staat achterop 1940. Het bijschrift in de Museale Collectie zegt 1941.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5kr4k\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Digitale fotoollectie, Als deze en de vorige allebei uit mei 1941 zijn, dan in ieder geval verschillende dagen: Miep draagt andere kleren.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"aw45a\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Digitale fotocollectie.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f2b3x\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_011.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b4edr\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gies & Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank</em>, p. 235.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>According to the Register of Foreign Nationals, Miep worked at Opekta from <strong>16 October 1933</strong>, after more than ten months of unemployment. She earned NLG 15 per week.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hu0nu\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> By her own account, she was put to work on jam preparation the first day and spent at least a month working with all kinds of recipes. When she had mastered this, she was put on the phone to help solve problems<em> </em>(Opekta information department)<em> </em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j4dy9\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Besides the Opekta information department, Miep Gies did administrative work: her responsibilities included payroll and the bank giro cash book.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2abym\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Sometimes Miep Gies got the people in hiding to update debtors' lists and sales books.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5564e\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nMiep had her workplace in the front office, where Bep and Kleiman were also working.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j4dy9\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>After the arrest, she and Bep continued to work in the office until Kleiman's return, and according to her, Miep Gies was the only one able to continue the business activities in the meantime.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t9geb\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nThere are photos and video material documenting Miep's presence at Opekta:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The photo of Miep with Otto Frank and Henk van Beusekom, <strong>September 1936</strong>, in the office at Singel 400.<sup data-footnote-id=\"r4c3v\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The photo of Miep with Henk van Beusekom, Isa Cauvern and Branca Boom (sister-in-law of Miep Gies).<sup data-footnote-id=\"ryqv2\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The photo of Miep with Isa Cauvern, Henk van Beusekom, Hetty Levie and Kugler on the pavement of Singel 400.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ue1s6\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Miep figured in the Opekta advertising film, which showed jam preparation using Opekta liquid.<sup data-footnote-id=\"od3tz\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The <strong>1941 </strong>photo of Miep with Kugler, Bep, Pine and Esther in the front office of Prinsengracht 263.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kbugw\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The <strong>May 1941 </strong>photo of Miep in the front office. She posed with Van Pels, Esther and Bep.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ntf5k\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>Also from <strong>May 1941 </strong>is the photo of Miep with Bep and Pine at the waterfront.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5kr4k\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>On the occasion of Miep's marriage to Jan Gies on <strong>16 July 1941</strong>, a party was held at the Opekta office. Some photos were taken during this, both inside and outside in front of the door.<sup data-footnote-id=\"aw45a\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup></li>\r\n\t<li>The <strong>1945 </strong>photo of Miep with other helpers and Otto Frank in the front office.<sup data-footnote-id=\"f2b3x\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Miep herself resigned from Opekta in the summer of <strong>1947</strong>. She felt that running a household with three men (Jan, Otto Frank and Ab Cauvern) was already a full-time job: "I was no longer the young girl searching for freedom and independence through her work."<sup data-footnote-id=\"b4edr\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hu0nu\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Getuigenarchief, Santrouschitz: Transcriptie Vreemdelingenkaart H. Santrouschitz, Notitie 3 augustus 1935.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j4dy9\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Miep Gies, Interview 1992, deel 1. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2abym\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Verklaring E. van Wijk-Voskuijl, voor RIOD, 27 februari 1981.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5564e\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 30 September 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>; transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t9geb\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 199-203.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"r4c3v\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Opekta_III_002.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ryqv2\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_003. Branca komt in 1935 bij Opekta en trouwt in augustus 1936. Na haar huwelijk gaat ze weg. AFS, Getuigenarchief, Boom.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ue1s6\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_007. Opekta betrok Singel 400 eind 1934; Henk van Beusekom werkte er tot 7 januari 1938. In die periode moet de foto zijn gemaakt.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"od3tz\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_IV_001. De film is gedateerd 1938.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kbugw\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_008. De datering staat in Beps handschrift achterop.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ntf5k\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_009. In Beps handschrift staat achterop 1940. Het bijschrift in de Museale Collectie zegt 1941.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5kr4k\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Digitale fotocollectie. Als deze en de vorige allebei uit mei 1941 zijn, dan in ieder geval verschillende dagen: Miep draagt andere kleren.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"aw45a\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Digitale fotocollectie.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"f2b3x\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Opekta_III_011.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b4edr\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gies & Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank</em>, p. 235.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": "1933-10-16",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "From 16 October 1933, Miep Gies worked at Opekta.",
"summary_nl": "Vanaf 16 oktober 1933 werkte Miep Gies bij Opekta.",
"summary_en": "From 16 October 1933, Miep Gies worked at Opekta.",
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