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"title": "Otto Frank, Amsterdam, mei 1936",
"alt": "Fotocollectie: Anne Frank Stichting, Amsterdam",
"url": "https://images.memorix.nl/anf/thumb/1920x1080/e73c20a4-8bb2-307d-f5f0-2d93291a2009.jpg",
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"description": "Pasfoto in zwart wit van Otto Frank uit een fotoalbum, genomen bij Polyfoto in Amsterdam in mei 1936, foto op p.52 in het album 'Blanco Monster Electro Huishoudboek 1937'. Bijschrift in handschrift Anne: 'mei 1936'.",
"author": "Conclusie herkomst: kan worden ingezet voor het publiek.",
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"first_name": "Otto Heinrich",
"last_name": "Frank",
"infix": "",
"title": "Otto Frank",
"title_nl": "Otto Frank",
"title_en": "Otto Frank",
"content": "<p>Otto Heinrich Frank was born on Sunday, <strong>12 May 1889</strong> in Frankfurt am Main, the son of <em>Kaufman</em> (merchant) Michael Frank and Alice Betty Frank-Stern.<sup data-footnote-id=\"osvjv\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Otto was the second child of a family of four children, all born in Frankfurt am Main. He had two brothers, Robert Hermann and Herbert August, and a sister named Helène. At the time of Otto Frank's birth, the Frank family lived at Gärtnerweg 58 in Frankfurt am Main.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Jewish Frank family belonged to the wealthy circles of Frankfurt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0nv0p\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Otto's father Michael managed to set up a successful banking business in the last decades of the nineteenth century. The family was a typical product of the German <em>Bildungsbürgertum</em>. After attending the Lessing Gymnasium, Otto went to the University of Heidelberg for a summer semester, where he took art history classes. After this he completed an apprenticeship at the Ferdinand Sander bank in Frankfurt. Then he left for New York. He worked as an intern at Macy's and at a bank in the Financial District. Back in Germany, he worked for Fenestra, a manufacturer of various steel constructions and industrial installations. After the outbreak of World War I, Otto worked in a horseshoe factory before joining the army.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>August 1915</strong>, he joined the Third Regiment <em>Fussartillerie</em> in Mainz. After his training, his unit ended up in the area of Bapaume. Otto was a telephone operator and observer, so he was at some distance from the actual battle line. After his demobilisation he took over the management of the family bank. The company had fallen on hard times due to the economic and political chaos in Germany. In <strong>1923</strong> Otto and some relatives in Amsterdam founded two companies in the financial sector. Jo Kleiman was involved in both companies as managing director and deputy manager.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>1925 </strong>Otto married Edith Holländer. Her family had a business very similar to Fenestra. The couple had two daughters, Margot and Anne. The economic situation worsened after <strong>1929</strong>. The political climate in Germany also deteriorated rapidly. After Hitler's rise to power, Otto and his family moved to Amsterdam. In the <strong>summer of 1933</strong> Otto founded the Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij. In <strong>December 1933</strong> he became a supervisory director of the 'Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie', of which Kleiman was a director. At the <strong>end of the 1930s</strong>, an attempt to set up a business in England came to nothing. The 'Centrale Maatschappij' disappeared, after which Otto and Kleiman concentrated on building up Pectacon.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the early stages of the war Otto tried to emigrate with his family to the United States, which failed due to the impossible procedure and bureaucracy. When the persecution measures increased, the plan to go into hiding was born. At Kleiman's initiative, the Secret Annex was made ready for this. The family moved into the hiding place on <strong>6 July 1942</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto was the only one of the eight people in hiding to return from Auschwitz after the arrest and deportation. He resumed his work and also did a lot to place orphaned Jewish children with relatives or foster families. He also edited Anne's diary and made sure it was published.<sup data-footnote-id=\"b0mhr\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> He saw Anne as a representative of all the murdered Jewish children and hoped that her diary would bring mankind to its senses.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>After his return Otto lived with Miep and Jan Gies for seven years. He then moved to Basel and married Elfriede Markovits, who had had similar war experiences. He continued corresponding until an advanced age about Anne and her world of ideas, especially with young people from all over the world. He died in a Swiss hospital at the age of 91.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"osvjv\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_058: Geburtsurkunde Standesamt Frankfurt am Main I nr. 1789 (afschrift, 19 oktober 1953). Op de akte staat verder vermeld dat beide ouders israëlitisch en in Frankfurt woonachtig zijn.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0nv0p\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>For biographies, see: Carol Ann Lee, <em>The hidden life of Otto Frank</em>, London: Viking, 2002; Aukje Vergeest, <em>Anne Frank in the Secret Annexe: who was who?</em>, Amsterdam: Anne Frank House, 2015.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b0mhr\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Karen Bartlett. <em>The diary that changed the world: the remarkable story of Otto Frank and the diary of Anne Frank</em>, London: Biteback Publishing, 2022; Sandra van Beek, <em>Geschiedenis van het dagboek: Otto Frank en Het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Pluijm, 2022.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Otto Heinrich Frank werd geboren op zondag <strong>12 mei 1889</strong> in Frankfurt am Main, als zoon van <em>Kaufman</em> (koopman) Michael Frank en Alice Betty Frank-Stern.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5ps0n\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup><br />\r\nOtto Heinrich was het tweede kind uit een gezin van vier kinderen, allen geboren in Frankfurt am Main. Hij had twee broers, Robert Hermann en Herbert August, en een zus, genaamd Helène. Ten tijde van Otto Franks geboorte woonde het gezin Frank op Gärtnerweg 58 te Frankfurt am Main.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>De Joodse familie Frank behoorde tot de gegoede kringen van Frankfurt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4vud1\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Otto’s vader Michael slaagde erin de laatste decennia van de negentiende eeuw in een succesvol bankbedrijf op te zetten. De familie was een typisch product van het Duitse <em>Bildungsbürgertum</em>. Na het doorlopen van het Lessing Gymnasium ging Otto voor een zomersemester naar de universiteit van Heidelberg, waar hij colleges kunstgeschiedenis volgde. Hierna doorliep hij een leertijd bij de bank Ferdinand Sander in Frankfurt. Vervolgens vertrok hij naar New York. Hij werkte als stagiair in Macy’s en bij een bank in het Financial District. Terug in Duitsland werkte hij bij Fenestra, een fabrikant van allerhande staalconstructies en industriële installaties. Na het uitbreken van de Eerste Wereldoorlog werkte Otto, alvorens in het leger te gaan, bij een hoefijzerfabriek.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>augustus 1915</strong> kwam hij terecht bij het derde <em>Regiment Fußartillerie</em> in Mainz. Na zijn opleiding kwam zijn eenheid in de omgeving van Bapaume terecht. Otto was telefonist en waarnemer, waardoor hij op enige afstand van de daadwerkelijke gevechtslinie zat. Na zijn demobilisatie nam hij de leiding van de familiebank op zich. Het bedrijf was door de economische en politieke chaos in Duitsland in zwaar weer terechtgekomen. In <strong>1923</strong> richtten Otto en enkele familieleden in Amsterdam twee bedrijven op die zich in de financiële sector bewogen. Jo Kleiman was bij beide bedrijven als directeur en procuratiehouder betrokken.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>1925</strong> trouwde Otto met Edith Holländer. Haar familie had een bedrijf dat grote overeenkomsten vertoonde met Fenestra. Uit het huwelijk werden de dochters Margot en Anne geboren. Na <strong>1929</strong> werd de economische situatie slechter. Ook het politieke klimaat in Duitsland verslechterde snel. Na Hitlers machtsovername vertrokken Otto en zijn gezin naar Amsterdam. Otto richtte in de zomer van <strong>1933</strong> de Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij op. In <strong>december '33</strong> werd hij commissaris van de ‘Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie’, waarvan Kleiman directeur was. <strong>Eind jaren dertig</strong> liep een poging een zaak in Engeland op te zetten op niets uit. De ‘Centrale Maatschappij’ verdween, waarna Otto en Kleiman zich op de opbouw van Pectacon toelegden.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In de beginfase van de oorlog probeerde Otto met zijn gezin naar de Verenigde Staten te emigreren, wat als gevolg van de onmogelijke procedure en bureaucratie mislukte. Toen de vervolgingsmaatregelen toenamen, ontstond het plan om onder te duiken. Op initiatief van Kleiman werd het Achterhuis hiervoor gereed gemaakt. Op <strong>6 juli 1942</strong> betrok het gezin de schuilplaats.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto was de enige van de acht onderduikers die na de arrestatie en deportatie uit Auschwitz terugkeerde. Hij hervatte zijn werk en deed daarnaast veel om Joodse kinderen die ouderloos uit de oorlog kwamen bij familie of pleeggezinnen onder te brengen. Bovendien redigeerde hij Annes dagboek en zorgde dat het uitgegeven werd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"79kwm\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Hij zag Anne als representante van alle vermoorde Joodse kinderen en hoopte dat haar dagboek de mensheid tot bezinning zou brengen.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto woonde na terugkeer zeven jaar bij Miep en Jan Gies. Hij vertrok vervolgens naar Bazel en trouwde met Elfriede Markovits, die vergelijkbare oorlogservaringen had. Tot op hoge leeftijd correspondeerde hij met vooral jongeren van over de hele wereld over Anne en haar ideeënwereld. Hij overleed op 91-jarige leeftijd in een Zwitsers ziekenhuis.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5ps0n\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_058: Geburtsurkunde Standesamt Frankfurt am Main I nr. 1789 (afschrift, 19 oktober 1953). Op de akte staat verder vermeld dat beide ouders israëlitisch en in Frankfurt woonachtig zijn.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4vud1\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Voor biografieën, zie: Carol Ann Lee, <em>Het verborgen leven van Otto Frank: de biografie</em>, Amsterdam: Balans, 2002; Aukje Vergeest, <em>Anne Frank in het Achterhuis: wie was wie?</em>, Amsterdam: Rainbouw, 2014.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"79kwm\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Karen Bartlett. <em>The diary that changed the world: the remarkable story of Otto Frank and the diary of Anne Frank</em>, London: Biteback Publishing, 2022; Sandra van Beek, <em>Geschiedenis van het dagboek: Otto Frank en Het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Pluijm, 2022.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Otto Heinrich Frank was born on Sunday, <strong>12 May 1889</strong> in Frankfurt am Main, the son of <em>Kaufman</em> (merchant) Michael Frank and Alice Betty Frank-Stern.<sup data-footnote-id=\"osvjv\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Otto was the second child of a family of four children, all born in Frankfurt am Main. He had two brothers, Robert Hermann and Herbert August, and a sister named Helène. At the time of Otto Frank's birth, the Frank family lived at Gärtnerweg 58 in Frankfurt am Main.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Jewish Frank family belonged to the wealthy circles of Frankfurt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0nv0p\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Otto's father Michael managed to set up a successful banking business in the last decades of the nineteenth century. The family was a typical product of the German <em>Bildungsbürgertum</em>. After attending the Lessing Gymnasium, Otto went to the University of Heidelberg for a summer semester, where he took art history classes. After this he completed an apprenticeship at the Ferdinand Sander bank in Frankfurt. Then he left for New York. He worked as an intern at Macy's and at a bank in the Financial District. Back in Germany, he worked for Fenestra, a manufacturer of various steel constructions and industrial installations. After the outbreak of World War I, Otto worked in a horseshoe factory before joining the army.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>August 1915</strong>, he joined the Third Regiment <em>Fussartillerie</em> in Mainz. After his training, his unit ended up in the area of Bapaume. Otto was a telephone operator and observer, so he was at some distance from the actual battle line. After his demobilisation he took over the management of the family bank. The company had fallen on hard times due to the economic and political chaos in Germany. In <strong>1923</strong> Otto and some relatives in Amsterdam founded two companies in the financial sector. Jo Kleiman was involved in both companies as managing director and deputy manager.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>1925 </strong>Otto married Edith Holländer. Her family had a business very similar to Fenestra. The couple had two daughters, Margot and Anne. The economic situation worsened after <strong>1929</strong>. The political climate in Germany also deteriorated rapidly. After Hitler's rise to power, Otto and his family moved to Amsterdam. In the <strong>summer of 1933</strong> Otto founded the Nederlandsche Opekta Maatschappij. In <strong>December 1933</strong> he became a supervisory director of the 'Centrale Maatschappij voor Handel en Industrie', of which Kleiman was a director. At the <strong>end of the 1930s</strong>, an attempt to set up a business in England came to nothing. The 'Centrale Maatschappij' disappeared, after which Otto and Kleiman concentrated on building up Pectacon.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the early stages of the war Otto tried to emigrate with his family to the United States, which failed due to the impossible procedure and bureaucracy. When the persecution measures increased, the plan to go into hiding was born. At Kleiman's initiative, the Secret Annex was made ready for this. The family moved into the hiding place on <strong>6 July 1942</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto was the only one of the eight people in hiding to return from Auschwitz after the arrest and deportation. He resumed his work and also did a lot to place orphaned Jewish children with relatives or foster families. He also edited Anne's diary and made sure it was published.<sup data-footnote-id=\"b0mhr\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> He saw Anne as a representative of all the murdered Jewish children and hoped that her diary would bring mankind to its senses.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>After his return Otto lived with Miep and Jan Gies for seven years. He then moved to Basel and married Elfriede Markovits, who had had similar war experiences. He continued corresponding until an advanced age about Anne and her world of ideas, especially with young people from all over the world. He died in a Swiss hospital at the age of 91.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"osvjv\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_058: Geburtsurkunde Standesamt Frankfurt am Main I nr. 1789 (afschrift, 19 oktober 1953). Op de akte staat verder vermeld dat beide ouders israëlitisch en in Frankfurt woonachtig zijn.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0nv0p\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>For biographies, see: Carol Ann Lee, <em>The hidden life of Otto Frank</em>, London: Viking, 2002; Aukje Vergeest, <em>Anne Frank in the Secret Annexe: who was who?</em>, Amsterdam: Anne Frank House, 2015.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"b0mhr\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Karen Bartlett. <em>The diary that changed the world: the remarkable story of Otto Frank and the diary of Anne Frank</em>, London: Biteback Publishing, 2022; Sandra van Beek, <em>Geschiedenis van het dagboek: Otto Frank en Het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Pluijm, 2022.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"birth_date": "1889-05-12",
"death_date": "1980-08-19",
"gender": "male",
"birth_place": "Frankfurt am Main",
"birth_country": "Duitsland",
"death_place": "Bazel",
"death_country": "Zwitserland",
"summary": "Otto Frank was the father of Margot and Anne Frank.",
"summary_nl": "Otto Frank was de vader van Margot en Anne Frank.",
"summary_en": "Otto Frank was the father of Margot and Anne Frank.",
"same_as": [
"https://data.niod.nl/WO2_biografieen/Otto-Frank"
],
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}
