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{
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"name": "A_AFrank_III_027.098",
"title": "Anne Frank, Amsterdam, mei 1942",
"alt": "Polyfoto. Fotocollectie: Anne Frank Stichting, Amsterdam",
"url": "https://images.memorix.nl/anf/thumb/1920x1080/e2721f7d-9990-e64e-aaf7-085e8c37b11d.jpg",
"path": null,
"filetype": "image",
"description": "Pasfoto in zwart wit van Anne Frank uit een fotoalbum, genomen bij Polyfoto in Amsterdam in mei 1942, foto op p.55 in album van Anne Frank met groene kaft met foto's gemaakt tussen 1929 en 1942.\r\nBijschrift in handschrift Anne: 'Mei 1942'.",
"author": "De collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek",
"copyright": "Publiek domein"
},
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/personen/c096c411-9830-4e8e-bc9c-85ff188a1feb/",
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"first_name": "Annelies Marie",
"last_name": "Frank",
"infix": "",
"title": "Anne Frank",
"title_nl": "Anne Frank",
"title_en": "Anne Frank",
"content": "<p>Annelies Marie (Anne) Frank was born on <strong>12 June 1929</strong>, in the Germany city Frankfurt am Main.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wvqif\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Anne was the second child of Otto Frank and Edith Holländer and was preceded by Margot. Like her sister Margot, Anne was born in the clinic of the <em>Vaterländische Frauenverein</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3k121\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> She was 54 centimetres long and weighed 8¼ pounds.<sup data-footnote-id=\"v9ruq\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> A clinic register indicates that <em>'Saugling' Frank</em> was a <em>'Junge'</em> (boy) and that Anne remained at the clinic with Edith for twelve days after the birth.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3d436\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> According to maid Käthi Stilgenbauer, the obstetrician was Professor Traugott.<sup data-footnote-id=\"zicjx\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>After her parents' decision to leave Germany, Anne initially lived with her mother and Margot with her grandmother in Aachen. Margot moved permanently to Amsterdam in <strong>December 1933</strong>; Anne had to wait until <strong>February 1934</strong>. From <strong>April 1934</strong> to <strong>July 1935</strong> she went to the kindergarten class at the 6th Montessori school. In<strong> August 1935</strong> Anne went to the first grade of said school. After the sixth grade she was supposed to stay at the school for a seventh year, but due to educational segregation this was not possible. She was accepted at the Jewish Lyceum, and so went to secondary school after all. Anne described her classmates and various incidents at the Jewish Lyceum in her diary and <em>Verhaaltjesboek</em> (Book of tales). Anne's health was not very good. She was often ill and couldn't take part in gymnastics because her arms and legs dislocated easily. This also affected her when she wanted to do gymnastics in the Secret Annex.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne was the only person who documented the hiding period in the Secret Annex extensively. Only Otto Frank and Miep Gies have added to and corrected this information. This means that everything we know about the hiding period is highly coloured by Anne's perception. Margot also kept a diary, but it has not survived.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>After the arrest on <strong>4 August 1944</strong>, Anne ended up in Auschwitz via Westerbork. For the first eight weeks Anne was with her mother and Margot. In <strong>late October</strong> or <strong>early November</strong> the girls were put on a transport to Germany and ended up in Bergen Belsen. Like Margot, Anne contracted typhus and died in <strong>February 1945</strong>, shortly after her sister, at the age of 15.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gvqo8\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wvqif\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Standesamt Frankfurt am Main, Geboorteakte nr. 484, 17 juni 1929.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3k121\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Is is now called Krankenhaus Maingau vom Roten Kreuz. In 1890 the 'Vaterländische Frauenverein vom Roten Kreuz' opened the Maingau-Krankenhaus here. See: <a href=\"https://www.rotkreuzkliniken.de/geschichte.html (geraadpleegd december 2015)\" target=\"_blank\">Geschichte Frankfurter Rot-Kreiuz Kliniken e.V.</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"v9ruq\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_AFrank_III_027: Fotoalbum met foto's gemaakt tussen 1929 en 1942.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3d436\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Research Von Wolzogen voor: Jürgen Steen, Wolf von Wolzogen, <em>Anne aus Frankfurt. Leben und Lebenswelt Anne Franks, </em>Frankfurt am Main: Historisches Museum, 1990, Historisches Museum Frankfurt am Main, 2.4.1./1. Volgens de notatie van Von Wolzogen komt dit uit het 'Soc.Druck.-Archiv'. Volgens H.P. Dieterich van 'Societäts Verlag' is alle archief in WO2 verwoest (email 17 november 2009). Hij verwijst naar het archief van de kliniek, maar daarvoor geldt hetzelfde.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zicjx\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ernst Schnabel, <em>Anne Frank. Spur eines Kindes</em>, Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 1958, p. 15. Dit moet ongetwijfeld zijn professor Traugott, gynaecoloog en verloskundige, die ook bij de geboorte van Margot was. Von Wolzogen noemt ook Traugott (zie noot 4).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gvqo8\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Literature: Mirjam Pressler, <em>The story of Anne Frank</em>, London: MacMillan Children's Books, 1999; Carol Ann Lee, <em>Roses from the earth: the biography of Anne Frank</em>, London : Viking, 1999; Francine Prose, <em>Anne Frank: the book, the life, the afterlife</em>, New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2009; Hans Ulrich, <em>Who was Anne Frank? Her life, the Annex and her death: a short biography</em>, Laren: Verbum, 2010; Melissa Müller, <em>Anne Frank: the biography, </em>upd. and exp. ed., London: Bloomsbury, 2013; Aukje Vergeest,<em> Anne Frank in the Secret Annexe: who was who?</em>, Amsterdam: Anne Frank House, 2015; David Barnouw, <a href=\"https://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Frank\" target=\"_blank\">Frank, Annelies Marie</a>, in: <em>Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland</em>, 2018.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Annelies Marie (Anne) Frank werd op <strong>12 juni 1929</strong> geboren in Frankfurt am Main.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ns0k8\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Anne was het tweede kind van Otto Frank en Edith Holländer en werd voorafgegaan door Margot. Net als haar zus Margot kwam ze ter wereld in de kliniek van de <em>Vaterländische Frauenverein</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sr3a8\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Ze was 54 centimeter lang en woog 8¼ pond.<sup data-footnote-id=\"g88l1\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> In een register van de kliniek is aangegeven dat <em>'Saugling' Frank</em> een <em>'Junge' </em>(jongen) was en dat Anne met Edith na de geboorte twaalf dagen in de kliniek bleef.<sup data-footnote-id=\"uaywr\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Volgens dienstmeisje Käthi Stilgenbauer was de verloskundige professor Traugott.<sup data-footnote-id=\"615mu\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p>Na het besluit van haar ouders om Duitsland te verlaten, woonde Anne aanvankelijk met haar moeder en Margot bij haar grootmoeder in Aken. Margot ging in <strong>december 1933</strong> definitief naar Amsterdam; Anne moest nog tot <strong>februari 1934</strong> wachten. Van <strong>april 1934</strong> tot<strong> juli 1935 </strong>ging ze naar de kleuterklas van de 6e Montessorischool. In <strong>augustus 1935</strong> ging Anne naar eerste klas van dezelfde school. Na de zesde klas moest ze eigenlijk nog een zevende jaar op de school blijven, maar als gevolg van de segregatie in het onderwijs ging dat niet door. Ze werd aangenomen op het Joods Lyceum en ging dus toch middelbaar onderwijs volgen. Haar klasgenoten en verschillende voorvallen op het Joods Lyceum beschreef Anne in haar dagboek en in haar Verhaaltjesboek. Anne had geen erg goede gezondheid. Ze was vaak ziek en ze kon niet aan gym meedoen omdat haar armen en benen snel uit de kom schoten. Ook toen ze in het Achterhuis aan gymnastiek wilde doen, kreeg ze hier last van.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne was de enige die de onderduikperiode in het Achterhuis uitgebreid heeft gedocumenteerd. Alleen Otto Frank en Miep Gies hebben hierop enige aanvullingen en correcties gegeven. Dit betekent dat alles wat we over de onderduikperiode weten in hoge mate door Annes perceptie is gekleurd. Ook Margot hield een dagboek bij, maar dat is niet bewaard geleven.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Na de arrestatie op <strong>4 augustus 1944</strong> kwam Anne via Westerbork in Auschwitz terecht. De eerste acht weken was Anne samen met haar moeder en Margot. <strong>Eind oktober of begin november </strong>werden de meisjes op transport gezet naar Duitsland en belandden in Bergen-Belsen. Anne kreeg net als Margot vlektyfus en overleed in <strong>februari 1945</strong>, kort na haar zuster, op 15-jarige leeftijd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"nx0mp\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ns0k8\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Standesamt Frankfurt am Main, Geboorteakte nr. 484, 17 juni 1929.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sr3a8\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het heet nu het Krankenhaus Maingau vom Roten Kreuz. In 1890 opende het 'Vaterländische Frauenverein vom Roten Kreuz' hier het Maingau-Krankenhaus. Zie: <a href=\"https://www.rotkreuzkliniken.de/ueber-uns/geschichte\" target=\"_blank\">Geschichte Franffurter Rot-Kreuz Klinken e.V.</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"g88l1\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_AFrank_III_027: Fotoalbum met foto's gemaakt tussen 1929 en 1942.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"uaywr\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Research Von Wolzogen voor: Jürgen Steen, Wolf von Wolzogen, <em>Anne aus Frankfurt. Leben und Lebenswelt Anne Franks, </em>Frankfurt am Main: Historisches Museum, 1990, Historisches Museum Frankfurt am Main, 2.4.1./1. Volgens de notatie van Von Wolzogen komt dit uit het 'Soc.Druck.-Archiv'. Volgens H.P. Dieterich van 'Societäts Verlag' is alle archief in WO2 verwoest (email 17 november 2009). Hij verwijst naar het archief van de kliniek, maar daarvoor geldt hetzelfde.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"615mu\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ernst Schnabel, <em>Anne Frank. Spur eines Kindes</em>, Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 1958, p. 15. Dit moet ongetwijfeld zijn professor Traugott, gynaecoloog en verloskundige, die ook bij de geboorte van Margot was. Von Wolzogen noemt ook Traugott (zie noot 4).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"nx0mp\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Literatuur: Mirjam Pressler, <em>Daar verlang ik zo naar: het levensverhaal van Anne Frank</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1993 Carol Ann Lee, <em>Anne Frank 1929-1945: pluk rozen op aarde en vergeet mij niet</em>, Amsterdam: Olympus, 2001; Carol Ann Lee, <em>Anne Frank, 1929-1945: het leven van een jong meisje: de definitieve biografie</em>, Amsterdam: Balans, 2009; Francine Prose, <em>Anne Frank: haar boek, haar leven, haar voortbestaan</em>, Amsterdam: Atlas, 2009; Hans Ulrich, <em>Wie was Anne Frank? Haar leven, het Achterhuis en haar door: een korte biografie voor jong en oud</em>, Laren: Verbum, 2010; Bart Funnekotter, <em>Anne Frank in een notendop</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2011; Melissa Müller, <em>Anne Frank: de biografie</em>, 5e, geheel herz. dr., Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2013; Aukje Vergeest, <em>Anne Frank in het Achterhuis: wie was wie?</em>, Amsterdam: Rainbow, 2014; David Barnouw, <a href=\"https://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Frank\" target=\"_blank\">Frank, Annelies Marie</a>, in: <em>Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland</em>, 2018; Martin van Gelderen & Frank van Vree, <em>'Joods kind dat weet van eeuwen heeft': Anne Frank als vluchtelinge, schrijfster en icoon</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2022; Ronald Leopold e.a., <em>Anne Frank: leven, werk en betekenis</em>, Amsterdam: Queriod, 2023.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Annelies Marie (Anne) Frank was born on <strong>12 June 1929</strong>, in the Germany city Frankfurt am Main.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wvqif\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Anne was the second child of Otto Frank and Edith Holländer and was preceded by Margot. Like her sister Margot, Anne was born in the clinic of the <em>Vaterländische Frauenverein</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3k121\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> She was 54 centimetres long and weighed 8¼ pounds.<sup data-footnote-id=\"v9ruq\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> A clinic register indicates that <em>'Saugling' Frank</em> was a <em>'Junge'</em> (boy) and that Anne remained at the clinic with Edith for twelve days after the birth.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3d436\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> According to maid Käthi Stilgenbauer, the obstetrician was Professor Traugott.<sup data-footnote-id=\"zicjx\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>After her parents' decision to leave Germany, Anne initially lived with her mother and Margot with her grandmother in Aachen. Margot moved permanently to Amsterdam in <strong>December 1933</strong>; Anne had to wait until <strong>February 1934</strong>. From <strong>April 1934</strong> to <strong>July 1935</strong> she went to the kindergarten class at the 6th Montessori school. In<strong> August 1935</strong> Anne went to the first grade of said school. After the sixth grade she was supposed to stay at the school for a seventh year, but due to educational segregation this was not possible. She was accepted at the Jewish Lyceum, and so went to secondary school after all. Anne described her classmates and various incidents at the Jewish Lyceum in her diary and <em>Verhaaltjesboek</em> (Book of tales). Anne's health was not very good. She was often ill and couldn't take part in gymnastics because her arms and legs dislocated easily. This also affected her when she wanted to do gymnastics in the Secret Annex.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne was the only person who documented the hiding period in the Secret Annex extensively. Only Otto Frank and Miep Gies have added to and corrected this information. This means that everything we know about the hiding period is highly coloured by Anne's perception. Margot also kept a diary, but it has not survived.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>After the arrest on <strong>4 August 1944</strong>, Anne ended up in Auschwitz via Westerbork. For the first eight weeks Anne was with her mother and Margot. In <strong>late October</strong> or <strong>early November</strong> the girls were put on a transport to Germany and ended up in Bergen Belsen. Like Margot, Anne contracted typhus and died in <strong>February 1945</strong>, shortly after her sister, at the age of 15.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gvqo8\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wvqif\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Standesamt Frankfurt am Main, Geboorteakte nr. 484, 17 juni 1929.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3k121\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Is is now called Krankenhaus Maingau vom Roten Kreuz. In 1890 the 'Vaterländische Frauenverein vom Roten Kreuz' opened the Maingau-Krankenhaus here. See: <a href=\"https://www.rotkreuzkliniken.de/geschichte.html (geraadpleegd december 2015)\" target=\"_blank\">Geschichte Frankfurter Rot-Kreiuz Kliniken e.V.</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"v9ruq\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code A_AFrank_III_027: Fotoalbum met foto's gemaakt tussen 1929 en 1942.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3d436\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Research Von Wolzogen voor: Jürgen Steen, Wolf von Wolzogen, <em>Anne aus Frankfurt. Leben und Lebenswelt Anne Franks, </em>Frankfurt am Main: Historisches Museum, 1990, Historisches Museum Frankfurt am Main, 2.4.1./1. Volgens de notatie van Von Wolzogen komt dit uit het 'Soc.Druck.-Archiv'. Volgens H.P. Dieterich van 'Societäts Verlag' is alle archief in WO2 verwoest (email 17 november 2009). Hij verwijst naar het archief van de kliniek, maar daarvoor geldt hetzelfde.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zicjx\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Ernst Schnabel, <em>Anne Frank. Spur eines Kindes</em>, Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 1958, p. 15. Dit moet ongetwijfeld zijn professor Traugott, gynaecoloog en verloskundige, die ook bij de geboorte van Margot was. Von Wolzogen noemt ook Traugott (zie noot 4).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gvqo8\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Literature: Mirjam Pressler, <em>The story of Anne Frank</em>, London: MacMillan Children's Books, 1999; Carol Ann Lee, <em>Roses from the earth: the biography of Anne Frank</em>, London : Viking, 1999; Francine Prose, <em>Anne Frank: the book, the life, the afterlife</em>, New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2009; Hans Ulrich, <em>Who was Anne Frank? Her life, the Annex and her death: a short biography</em>, Laren: Verbum, 2010; Melissa Müller, <em>Anne Frank: the biography, </em>upd. and exp. ed., London: Bloomsbury, 2013; Aukje Vergeest,<em> Anne Frank in the Secret Annexe: who was who?</em>, Amsterdam: Anne Frank House, 2015; David Barnouw, <a href=\"https://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Frank\" target=\"_blank\">Frank, Annelies Marie</a>, in: <em>Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland</em>, 2018.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"birth_date": "1929-06-12",
"death_date": null,
"gender": "female",
"birth_place": "Frankfurt am Main",
"birth_country": "Duitsland",
"death_place": "Bergen-Belsen",
"death_country": "Duitsland",
"summary": "Anne Frank was a Jewish girl who became world-famous thanks to the diary she wrote during the Second World War, while she was in hiding in the Achterhuis (the Annex) on Prinsengracht in Amsterdam.",
"summary_nl": "Anne Frank was een Joods meisje dat wereldberoemd is geworden door het dagboek dat ze schreef tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog, toen ze ondergedoken zat in het Achterhuis aan de Prinsengracht in Amsterdam.",
"summary_en": "Anne Frank was a Jewish girl who became world-famous thanks to the diary she wrote during the Second World War, while she was in hiding in the Achterhuis (the Annex) on Prinsengracht in Amsterdam.",
"same_as": [
"https://data.niod.nl/WO2_biografieen/Anne-Frank"
],
"files": []
}
