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"name": "Victor Kugler in Camp Amersfoort",
"name_nl": "Victor Kugler in kamp Amersfoort",
"name_en": "Victor Kugler in Camp Amersfoort",
"content": "<p>Helper Victor Kugler was imprisoned in Camp Amersfoort from<strong> 11 September to 26 September 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"majud\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Helper Johannes Kleiman arrived at the same time as him, but was released from the camp after a week due to his poor health.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yb86e\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<p>Until <strong>March 1943,</strong> the official name of Camp Amersfoort was <em>Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Amersfoort</em> (P.D.A.), but from its reopening in <strong>May 1943</strong>, after the expansion of the camp, it was changed to <em>Erweitertes Polizeigeigefängnis Amersfoort. </em>Simultaneously with the reopening of the camp, the <em>Arbeitseinsatz </em>was also introduced for Dutch men between the ages of 18 and 35. Thousands of young men were rounded up and put to work in Germany or taken to concentration camps via Camp Amersfoort.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gdje0\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>11 September 1944,</strong> Victor Kugler was also <em>eingeliefert</em> in Camp Amersfoort, where he was allocated prisoner number 7006. He came from the <em>Aussenstelle Amsterdam</em> because of <em>Judenbegünstigung</em>. On <strong>26 September 1944,</strong> he was put on a transport for forced labour, evidenced by a stamp on his registration card for <em>Arb. Eins. Reich</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"majud\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> On the <em>Transportliste</em>, the initial departure date is <strong>19 September 1944</strong>. This was changed on the cover sheet to <strong>26 September 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"32g7j\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> A Red Cross postcard stamped on <strong>26 October 1944</strong> confirms that Kugler was put to work in Zwolle at that time.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wu0vq\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"majud\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Nummer 190 op de lijst is Kugler. Nederlandse Rode Kruis (NRK), Den Haag, dossier 97791, 'Transportliste' 19 september 1944, blad 11: Registratiekaart Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Amersfoort.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yb86e\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, Archief Anne Frank 212c-6e.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gdje0\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie https://www.kampamersfoort.nl/geschiedenis-en-onderzoek/epg-1943-45/ geraadpleegd op 20 juni 2022. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"32g7j\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie noot 1, blad 1 en 11. Het uitstel werd veroorzaakt door de verwoesting van het station in Amersfoort op 17 september, als onderdeel van de slag om Arnhem. NRK, dossier 97791: Victor Kugler aan CADSU, 23 januari 1963.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wu0vq\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NRK, dossier 97791: Briefkaart aan “fam. Kugler” in Hilversum.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>De helper Victor Kugler zat van<strong> 11 september tot 26 september 1944 </strong>gevangen in kamp Amersfoort.<sup data-footnote-id=\"majud\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Helper Johannes Kleiman kwam tegelijk met hem aan, maar werd na een week vrijgelaten uit het kamp vanwege zijn slechte gezondheid.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yb86e\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<p>Tot <strong>maart 1943</strong> was de officiele naam van kamp Amersfoort <em>Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Amersfoort</em> (P.D.A.), maar vanaf de heropening in <strong>mei 1943</strong>, na de uitbreiding van het kamp, werd dit veranderd in <em>Erweitertes Polizeigefängnis Amersfoort. </em>Tegelijk met de heropening van het kamp werd ook de <em>Arbeitseinsatz </em>ingevoerd voor Nederlandse mannen tussen de 18 en 35 jaar. Duizenden jonge mannen werden opgepakt en via Kamp Amersfoort tewerkgesteld in Duitsland of naar concentratiekampen gebracht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gdje0\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>11 september 1944</strong> werd ook Victor Kugler ‘<em>eingeliefert</em>’ in kamp Amersfoort en kreeg daar het gevangenennummer 7006. Hij kwam van de ‘<em>Aussenstelle Amsterdam</em>’ wegens ‘<em>Judenbegünstigung</em>’. Op <strong>26 september 1944</strong> werd hij op transport gesteld voor dwangarbeid, blijkt uit een stempel op zijn registratiekaart voor ‘<em>Arb. Eins. Reich</em>’.<sup data-footnote-id=\"majud\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Op de ‘<em>Transportliste</em>’ staat als aanvankelijke vertrekdatum <strong>19 september 1944</strong>. Dit is op het voorblad veranderd in <strong>26 september 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"32g7j\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Een op <strong>26 oktober 1944</strong> gestempelde briefkaart van het Rode Kruis bevestigt dat Kugler op dat moment in Zwolle tewerkgesteld was.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wu0vq\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"majud\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Nummer 190 op de lijst is Kugler. Nederlandse Rode Kruis (NRK), Den Haag, dossier 97791, 'Transportliste' 19 september 1944, blad 11: Registratiekaart Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Amersfoort.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yb86e\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, Archief Anne Frank 212c-6e.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gdje0\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie https://www.kampamersfoort.nl/geschiedenis-en-onderzoek/epg-1943-45/ geraadpleegd op 20 juni 2022. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"32g7j\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie noot 1, blad 1 en 11. Het uitstel werd veroorzaakt door de verwoesting van het station in Amersfoort op 17 september, als onderdeel van de slag om Arnhem. NRK, dossier 97791: Victor Kugler aan CADSU, 23 januari 1963.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wu0vq\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NRK, dossier 97791: Briefkaart aan “fam. Kugler” in Hilversum.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Helper Victor Kugler was imprisoned in Camp Amersfoort from<strong> 11 September to 26 September 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"majud\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Helper Johannes Kleiman arrived at the same time as him, but was released from the camp after a week due to his poor health.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yb86e\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<p>Until <strong>March 1943,</strong> the official name of Camp Amersfoort was <em>Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Amersfoort</em> (P.D.A.), but from its reopening in <strong>May 1943</strong>, after the expansion of the camp, it was changed to <em>Erweitertes Polizeigeigefängnis Amersfoort. </em>Simultaneously with the reopening of the camp, the <em>Arbeitseinsatz </em>was also introduced for Dutch men between the ages of 18 and 35. Thousands of young men were rounded up and put to work in Germany or taken to concentration camps via Camp Amersfoort.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gdje0\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>11 September 1944,</strong> Victor Kugler was also <em>eingeliefert</em> in Camp Amersfoort, where he was allocated prisoner number 7006. He came from the <em>Aussenstelle Amsterdam</em> because of <em>Judenbegünstigung</em>. On <strong>26 September 1944,</strong> he was put on a transport for forced labour, evidenced by a stamp on his registration card for <em>Arb. Eins. Reich</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"majud\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> On the <em>Transportliste</em>, the initial departure date is <strong>19 September 1944</strong>. This was changed on the cover sheet to <strong>26 September 1944</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"32g7j\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> A Red Cross postcard stamped on <strong>26 October 1944</strong> confirms that Kugler was put to work in Zwolle at that time.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wu0vq\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"majud\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Nummer 190 op de lijst is Kugler. Nederlandse Rode Kruis (NRK), Den Haag, dossier 97791, 'Transportliste' 19 september 1944, blad 11: Registratiekaart Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Amersfoort.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yb86e\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, Archief Anne Frank 212c-6e.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gdje0\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie https://www.kampamersfoort.nl/geschiedenis-en-onderzoek/epg-1943-45/ geraadpleegd op 20 juni 2022. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"32g7j\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie noot 1, blad 1 en 11. Het uitstel werd veroorzaakt door de verwoesting van het station in Amersfoort op 17 september, als onderdeel van de slag om Arnhem. NRK, dossier 97791: Victor Kugler aan CADSU, 23 januari 1963.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wu0vq\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NRK, dossier 97791: Briefkaart aan “fam. Kugler” in Hilversum.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1944-09-11",
"date_end": "1944-09-26",
"summary": "Victor Kugler was imprisoned in Camp Amersfoort from 11 September to 26 September 1944.",
"summary_nl": "Victor Kugler zat van 11 september tot 26 september 1944 gevangen in kamp Amersfoort.",
"summary_en": "Victor Kugler was imprisoned in Camp Amersfoort from 11 September to 26 September 1944.",
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"name": "Johannes Kleiman imprisoned in camp Amersfoort",
"name_nl": "Johannes Kleiman gevangen in kamp Amersfoort",
"name_en": "Johannes Kleiman imprisoned in camp Amersfoort",
"content": "<p>Johannes Kleiman, one of the helpers of the people in hiding in the Secret Annex, together with Victor Kugler, the other helper, was registered on Monday, <strong>11 September 1944</strong> in <em>Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Amersfoort</em> as <em>Häftling Nr. 7001</em> on the basis of <em>Arbeitsverweigerung</em> (work refusal). He came from the <em>Aussenstl Amsterdam</em>. On Monday, <strong>18 September 1944</strong>, he was <em>Entlassen</em> (released).<sup data-footnote-id=\"sriuk\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Kleiman says he experienced a few small cases of abuse during his imprisonment, but did not know the names of perpetrators or victims.<sup data-footnote-id=\"w5e1c\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup><br />\r\nOn arrival in Amersfoort, he was assigned to work in Germany, but due to the course of the war, the initially planned transport could not take place.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9hgbd\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup><br />\r\nBecause Kleiman suffered from stomach bleeding, he was rejected for Germany. Under pressure from the Red Cross, he was released after a week.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cgnag\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> After his release, Kleiman told his wife that he not suffered from stomach bleeding during his detention.<sup data-footnote-id=\"w5e1c\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sriuk\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, Archief Anne Frank 212c-6e: Kopie registratiekaart Amersfoort.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"w5e1c\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag (NL-HaNA), Centraal Archief Bijzondere Rechtspleging (CABR), inv. nr. 23892: Johannes Kleiman aan de Politiek Opsporingsdients (P.O.D.), onjuist gedateerd 'Februari 1945'.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9hgbd\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie noot 2. Kleiman noemde hier onder meer de spoorwegstaking. Deze begon op 17 september 1944, de dag voor zijn vrijlating.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cgnag\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NL-HaNA, CABR, inv. nr. 23892, dossier PRA 61169 : Verklaring Kleiman aan de Politiek Recherche Afdeling, 12 januari 1948.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>",
"content_nl": "<p>Johannes Kleiman, een van de helpers van de onderduikers in het Achterhuis, werd samen met Victor Kugler, de andere helper, op maandag <strong>11 september 1944</strong> in <em>Polizeiliches Durchgangslager</em> Amersfoort ingeschreven als <em>Häftling</em> Nr. 7001 op grond van <em>Arbeitsverweigerung</em>. Hij was afkomstig van de <em>Aussenstl Amsterdam</em>. Op maandag <strong>18 september 1944</strong> werd hij <em>Entlassen</em> (vrijgelaten).<sup data-footnote-id=\"sriuk\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Kleiman maakte naar eigen zeggen tijdens zijn gevangenschap enkele kleine gevallen van mishandeling mee, maar wist geen namen van daders of slachtoffers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"w5e1c\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup><br />\r\nBij aankomst in Amersfoort werd hij aangewezen voor werk in Duitsland, maar als gevolg van het oorlogsverloop kon het aanvankelijk geplande transport niet doorgaan.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9hgbd\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup><br />\r\nOmdat Kleiman last had van maagbloedingen werd hij voor Duitsland afgekeurd. Onder druk van het Rode Kruis werd hij na een week vrijgelaten.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cts8x\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Kleiman vertelde na zijn vrijlating aan zijn vrouw dat hij gedurende zijn detentie geen maagbloedingen heeft gehad.<sup data-footnote-id=\"w5e1c\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sriuk\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, Archief Anne Frank 212c-6e: Kopie registratiekaart Amersfoort.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"w5e1c\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag (NL-HaNA), Centraal Archief Bijzondere Rechtspleging (CABR), inv. nr. 23892: Johannes Kleiman aan de Politiek Opsporingsdients (P.O.D.), onjuist gedateerd 'Februari 1945'.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9hgbd\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie noot 2. Kleiman noemde hier onder meer de spoorwegstaking. Deze begon op 17 september 1944, de dag voor zijn vrijlating.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cts8x\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NL-HaNA, CABR, inv. nr. 23892, dossier PRA 61169 : Verklaring Kleiman aan de Politiek Recherche Afdeling, 12 januari 1948.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>",
"content_en": "<p>Johannes Kleiman, one of the helpers of the people in hiding in the Secret Annex, together with Victor Kugler, the other helper, was registered on Monday, <strong>11 September 1944</strong> in <em>Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Amersfoort</em> as <em>Häftling Nr. 7001</em> on the basis of <em>Arbeitsverweigerung</em> (work refusal). He came from the <em>Aussenstl Amsterdam</em>. On Monday, <strong>18 September 1944</strong>, he was <em>Entlassen</em> (released).<sup data-footnote-id=\"sriuk\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Kleiman says he experienced a few small cases of abuse during his imprisonment, but did not know the names of perpetrators or victims.<sup data-footnote-id=\"w5e1c\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup><br />\r\nOn arrival in Amersfoort, he was assigned to work in Germany, but due to the course of the war, the initially planned transport could not take place.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9hgbd\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup><br />\r\nBecause Kleiman suffered from stomach bleeding, he was rejected for Germany. Under pressure from the Red Cross, he was released after a week.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cgnag\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> After his release, Kleiman told his wife that he not suffered from stomach bleeding during his detention.<sup data-footnote-id=\"w5e1c\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sriuk\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Amsterdam, Archief Anne Frank 212c-6e: Kopie registratiekaart Amersfoort.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"w5e1c\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Nationaal Archief, Den Haag (NL-HaNA), Centraal Archief Bijzondere Rechtspleging (CABR), inv. nr. 23892: Johannes Kleiman aan de Politiek Opsporingsdients (P.O.D.), onjuist gedateerd 'Februari 1945'.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9hgbd\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie noot 2. Kleiman noemde hier onder meer de spoorwegstaking. Deze begon op 17 september 1944, de dag voor zijn vrijlating.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cgnag\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>NL-HaNA, CABR, inv. nr. 23892, dossier PRA 61169 : Verklaring Kleiman aan de Politiek Recherche Afdeling, 12 januari 1948.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1944-09-11",
"date_end": "1944-09-18",
"summary": "Johannes Kleiman was registered in camp Amersfoort on Monday 11 September 1944. He was released a week later due to ill health.",
"summary_nl": "Johannes Kleiman werd op maandag 11 september 1944 ingeschreven in kamp Amersfoort. Een week later werd hij vrijgelaten vanwege zijn slechte gezondheid.",
"summary_en": "Johannes Kleiman was registered in camp Amersfoort on Monday 11 September 1944. He was released a week later due to ill health.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
],
"subjects": [
{
"id": 396124393,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/2f953762-15f3-4feb-b405-3e6663a0db05/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "2f953762-15f3-4feb-b405-3e6663a0db05",
"name": "Concentration camps",
"name_nl": "Concentratiekampen",
"name_en": "Concentration camps",
"description": "<p>There were about 1,000 concentration and sub-camps and seven extermination camps. They were designed for the murder of millions of people, the elimination of political opponents, exploitation through forced labour, human medical experiments and the internment of prisoners of war. The camp system was an essential part of the National Socialist regime of injustice, from which large branches of German industry directly or indirectly benefitted.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>The people from the Secret Annex all ended up in various concentration and extermination camps:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul style=\"margin-left:40px\">\r\n\t<li>Anne Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen Belsen</li>\r\n\t<li>Margot Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen Belsen</li>\r\n\t<li>Edith Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau</li>\r\n\t<li>Otto Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I</li>\r\n\t<li>Peter van Pels: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I, Mauthausen, Melk</li>\r\n\t<li>Hermann van Pels: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I</li>\r\n\t<li>Auguste van Pels: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen Belsen, Raguhn</li>\r\n\t<li>Fritz Pfeffer: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I, Neuengamme</li>\r\n</ul>",
"description_nl": "<p>Er waren ongeveer 1.000 concentratie- en subkampen en zeven vernietigingskampen. Ze waren bedoeld voor de moord op miljoenen mensen, de eliminatie van politieke tegenstanders, de uitbuiting door dwangarbeid, menselijke medische experimenten en de internering van krijgsgevangenen. Het kampsysteem vormde een essentieel onderdeel van het nationaal-socialistische regime van onrecht, waarvan grote takken van de Duitse industrie direct of indirect profiteerden.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>De onderduikers uit het Achterhuis belandden allemaal in verschillende concentratie- en vernietigingskampen: </p>\r\n\r\n<ul style=\"margin-left:40px\">\r\n\t<li>Anne Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen Belsen</li>\r\n\t<li>Margot Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen Belsen</li>\r\n\t<li>Edith Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau</li>\r\n\t<li>Otto Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I</li>\r\n\t<li>Peter van Pels: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I, Mauthausen, Melk</li>\r\n\t<li>Hermann van Pels: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I</li>\r\n\t<li>Auguste van Pels: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen Belsen, Raguhn</li>\r\n\t<li>Fritz Pfeffer: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I, Neuengamme</li>\r\n</ul>",
"description_en": "<p>There were about 1,000 concentration and sub-camps and seven extermination camps. They were designed for the murder of millions of people, the elimination of political opponents, exploitation through forced labour, human medical experiments and the internment of prisoners of war. The camp system was an essential part of the National Socialist regime of injustice, from which large branches of German industry directly or indirectly benefitted.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>The people from the Secret Annex all ended up in various concentration and extermination camps:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul style=\"margin-left:40px\">\r\n\t<li>Anne Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen Belsen</li>\r\n\t<li>Margot Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen Belsen</li>\r\n\t<li>Edith Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau</li>\r\n\t<li>Otto Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I</li>\r\n\t<li>Peter van Pels: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I, Mauthausen, Melk</li>\r\n\t<li>Hermann van Pels: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I</li>\r\n\t<li>Auguste van Pels: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen Belsen, Raguhn</li>\r\n\t<li>Fritz Pfeffer: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I, Neuengamme</li>\r\n</ul>",
"summary": "Concentration camps is the collective term for internment facilities, usually in the form of huts, used to (forcibly) imprison people. Before and during World War II, concentration camps were used to imprison or kill persecuted people. They were also used for forced labour.",
"summary_nl": "Concentratiekampen is het verzamelbegrip voor de gevangenenkampen, meestal in de vorm van barakken, die worden gebruikt om mensen (gedwongen) te verzamelen. Voor en tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog werden concentratiekampen gebruikt om vervolgden op te sluiten of te vermoorden. Ook werden ze gebruikt voor de tewerkstelling van gevangenen.",
"summary_en": "Concentration camps is the collective term for internment facilities, usually in the form of huts, used to (forcibly) imprison people. Before and during World War II, concentration camps were used to imprison or kill persecuted people. They were also used for forced labour.",
"same_as": [
"https://data.niod.nl/WO2_Thesaurus/2017"
],
"parent": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 396124661,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/d47a0e7d-c105-4da3-82fa-3212475a577c/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "d47a0e7d-c105-4da3-82fa-3212475a577c",
"name": "Holocaust",
"name_nl": "Holocaust",
"name_en": "Holocaust",
"description": "<p> Most of the killings took place in death camps in gas chambers and in mass executions by Einsatzgruppen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j1qs3\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> As a result, between 5.1 and 6 million Jews were killed, including 102.000 to 104.000 Dutch Jews.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sz0sf\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> In Eastern Europe, Jews were largely murdered in mass executions, while Western European Jews were largely transported via transit camps to extermination camps in Eastern Europe to be gassed.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j1qs3\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Voor samenvattende overzichtsartikelen, zie: Koen Smilde, <a href=\"https://www.annefrank.org/en/anne-frank/go-in-depth/what-is-the-holocaust/\" target=\"_blank\">What is the Holocaust?</a>, Website Anne Frank Stichting; Kevin Prenger, <a href=\"https://historiek.net/jodenvervolging-in-nederland-tijdens-de-duitse-bezetting-1940-1945/164332/\" target=\"_blank\">Jodenvervolging in Nederland tijdens de Duitse bezetting (1940-1945)</a>, Historiek.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sz0sf\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie o.a.: Jacques Presser, <em>Ondergang. De vervolging en verdelging van het Nederlandse Jodendom, 1940-1945</em>, 's-Gravenhage: Staatsuitgeverij, 1965; Nanda van der Zee, <em>Om erger te voorkomen. De voorbereiding en uitvoering van de vernietiging van het Nederlandse Jodendom tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog</em>, Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1997; Bob Moore, <em>Slachtoffers en overlevenden. De nazi-vervolging van de Joden in Nederland</em>, Amsterdam: Bakker, 1998; Pim Griffioen & Ron Zeller, <em>Jodenvervolging in Nederland, Frankrijk en België 1940-1945. Overeenkomsten, verschillen, oorzaken</em>, Amsterdam: Boom, 2011; Carry van Lakerveld & Victor Levie, <em>'Ze doen ons niets'. Vervolging en deportatie van de Joden in Nederland 1940-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Boom, 2016; Katja Happe, <em>Veel valse hoop. De Jodenvervolging in Nederland 1940-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Atlas Contact, 2018; Conny Kristel, Boudewijn Smits & Frank van Vree (red.), <em>Jodenvervolging in Nederland 1940-1945 : Wat Loe de Jong schreef over de Sjoa in 'Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog'</em>, Laren: Verbum, 2018</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De moorden vonden grotendeels plaats in vernietigingskampen in gaskamers en bij massa-executies door <em>Einsatzgruppen</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"vazq1\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Hierdoor kwamen tussen de 5,1 en 6 miljoen Joden om het leven, waarvan 102.000 tot 104.000 Nederlandse Joden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"x5n7r\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> In Oost-Europa werden de Joden grotendeels vermoord tijdens massa-executies, terwijl de West-Europese Joden grotendeels via doorgangskampen werden getransporteerd naar vernietigingskampen in Oost-Europa om daar te worden vergast.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vazq1\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Voor samenvattende overzichtsartikelen, zie: Koen Smilde, <a href=\"https://www.annefrank.org/nl/anne-frank/verdieping/wat-is-de-holocaust/\" target=\"_blank\">Wat is de Holocaust?</a>, Website Anne Frank Stichting; Kevin Prenger, <a href=\"https://historiek.net/jodenvervolging-in-nederland-tijdens-de-duitse-bezetting-1940-1945/164332/\" target=\"_blank\">Jodenvervolging in Nederland tijdens de Duitse bezetting (1940-1945)</a>, Historiek.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"x5n7r\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie o.a.: Jacques Presser, <em>Ondergang. De vervolging en verdelging van het Nederlandse Jodendom, 1940-1945</em>, 's-Gravenhage: Staatsuitgeverij, 1965; Nanda van der Zee, <em>Om erger te voorkomen. De voorbereiding en uitvoering van de vernietiging van het Nederlandse Jodendom tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog</em>, Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1997; Bob Moore, <em>Slachtoffers en overlevenden. De nazi-vervolging van de Joden in Nederland</em>, Amsterdam: Bakker, 1998; Pim Griffioen & Ron Zeller, <em>Jodenvervolging in Nederland, Frankrijk en België 1940-1945. Overeenkomsten, verschillen, oorzaken</em>, Amsterdam: Boom, 2011; Carry van Lakerveld & Victor Levie, <em>'Ze doen ons niets'. Vervolging en deportatie van de Joden in Nederland 1940-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Boom, 2016; Katja Happe, <em>Veel valse hoop. De Jodenvervolging in Nederland 1940-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Atlas Contact, 2018; Conny Kristel, Boudewijn Smits & Frank van Vree (red.), <em>Jodenvervolging in Nederland 1940-1945 : Wat Loe de Jong schreef over de Sjoa in 'Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog'</em>, Laren: Verbum, 2018.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p> Most of the killings took place in death camps in gas chambers and in mass executions by Einsatzgruppen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j1qs3\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> As a result, between 5.1 and 6 million Jews were killed, including 102.000 to 104.000 Dutch Jews.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sz0sf\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> In Eastern Europe, Jews were largely murdered in mass executions, while Western European Jews were largely transported via transit camps to extermination camps in Eastern Europe to be gassed.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j1qs3\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Voor samenvattende overzichtsartikelen, zie: Koen Smilde, <a href=\"https://www.annefrank.org/en/anne-frank/go-in-depth/what-is-the-holocaust/\" target=\"_blank\">What is the Holocaust?</a>, Website Anne Frank Stichting; Kevin Prenger, <a href=\"https://historiek.net/jodenvervolging-in-nederland-tijdens-de-duitse-bezetting-1940-1945/164332/\" target=\"_blank\">Jodenvervolging in Nederland tijdens de Duitse bezetting (1940-1945)</a>, Historiek.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sz0sf\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie o.a.: Jacques Presser, <em>Ondergang. De vervolging en verdelging van het Nederlandse Jodendom, 1940-1945</em>, 's-Gravenhage: Staatsuitgeverij, 1965; Nanda van der Zee, <em>Om erger te voorkomen. De voorbereiding en uitvoering van de vernietiging van het Nederlandse Jodendom tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog</em>, Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1997; Bob Moore, <em>Slachtoffers en overlevenden. De nazi-vervolging van de Joden in Nederland</em>, Amsterdam: Bakker, 1998; Pim Griffioen & Ron Zeller, <em>Jodenvervolging in Nederland, Frankrijk en België 1940-1945. Overeenkomsten, verschillen, oorzaken</em>, Amsterdam: Boom, 2011; Carry van Lakerveld & Victor Levie, <em>'Ze doen ons niets'. Vervolging en deportatie van de Joden in Nederland 1940-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Boom, 2016; Katja Happe, <em>Veel valse hoop. De Jodenvervolging in Nederland 1940-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Atlas Contact, 2018; Conny Kristel, Boudewijn Smits & Frank van Vree (red.), <em>Jodenvervolging in Nederland 1940-1945 : Wat Loe de Jong schreef over de Sjoa in 'Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog'</em>, Laren: Verbum, 2018</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The Holocaust, also called Shoah or Shoa, was the systematic persecution and genocide of Jews by the Nazis and their allies before and during World War II.",
"summary_nl": "De Holocaust, ook wel Shoah, Shoa of Sjoa genoemd, was de systematische Jodenvervolging en genocide door de nazi's en hun bondgenoten voor en tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog.",
"summary_en": "The Holocaust, also called Shoah or Shoa, was the systematic persecution and genocide of Jews by the Nazis and their allies before and during World War II.",
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"name": "Camp Amersfoort",
"name_nl": "Kamp Amersfoort",
"name_en": "Camp Amersfoort",
"uuid": "b78f2834-5ffa-4c5c-8d06-2179410d6834",
"content": "<p>The camp was in use from <strong>18 August 1941</strong> until <strong>19 April 1945</strong> as a concentration camp and transit camp. Camp Amersfoort (German: <em>Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Amersfoort</em>; PDA) held a total of 37,000 registered prisoners in the years <strong>1941-1945</strong>, mainly political prisoners, people who had been in hiding and black-marketeers, of whom about 20,000 were deported to German concentration camps or Westerbork. In addition, 13,000 unregistered prisoners were detained at the camp for short periods.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0gth6\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Victor Kugler was imprisoned in Camp Amersfoort from <strong>11 September to 26 September 1944</strong>, after which he was put on transport for forced labour. Like Kugler, Johannes Kleiman was registered in Camp Amersfoort on <strong>11 September 1944</strong>, but was released a week later due to his poor health.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0gth6\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>See the <a href=\"https://www.kampamersfoort.nl/\" target=\"_blank\">website of Nationaal Monument Kamp Amersfoort</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Het kamp was in gebruik vanaf <strong>18 augustus 1941</strong> tot <strong>19 april 1945</strong> als concentratiekamp en doorgangskamp. In kamp Amersfoort (Duits: <em>Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Amersfoort</em>; PDA) verbleven in de jaren <strong>1941-1945</strong> in totaal 37.000 geregistreerde gevangenen, voornamelijk politieke gevangenen, onderduikers en zwarthandelaren, waarvan er circa 20.000 werden gedeporteerd naar Duitse concentratiekampen of Westerbork. Daarnaast verbleven er 13.000 ongeregistreerde gevangenen in het kamp voor korte tijd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"s4nyk\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Victor Kugler zat van <strong>11 september tot 26 september 1944</strong> gevangen in kamp Amersfoort, waarna hij op transport werd gesteld voor dwangarbeid. Evenals Kugler werd Johannes Kleiman op <strong>11 september 1944</strong> ingeschreven in kamp Amersfoort, maar hij werd een week later vrijgelaten vanwege zijn slechte gezondheid.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"s4nyk\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie verder de <a href=\"https://www.kampamersfoort.nl/\" target=\"_blank\">website van Nationaal Monument Kamp Amersfoort</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>The camp was in use from <strong>18 August 1941</strong> until <strong>19 April 1945</strong> as a concentration camp and transit camp. Camp Amersfoort (German: <em>Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Amersfoort</em>; PDA) held a total of 37,000 registered prisoners in the years <strong>1941-1945</strong>, mainly political prisoners, people who had been in hiding and black-marketeers, of whom about 20,000 were deported to German concentration camps or Westerbork. In addition, 13,000 unregistered prisoners were detained at the camp for short periods.<sup data-footnote-id=\"0gth6\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Victor Kugler was imprisoned in Camp Amersfoort from <strong>11 September to 26 September 1944</strong>, after which he was put on transport for forced labour. Like Kugler, Johannes Kleiman was registered in Camp Amersfoort on <strong>11 September 1944</strong>, but was released a week later due to his poor health.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"0gth6\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>See the <a href=\"https://www.kampamersfoort.nl/\" target=\"_blank\">website of Nationaal Monument Kamp Amersfoort</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (5.36511742540871 52.1329246900911)",
"summary": "Camp Amersfoort was a concentration camp in Leusden on the southern edge of Amersfoort.",
"summary_nl": "Kamp Amersfoort was een concentratiekamp in Leusden aan de zuidrand van Amersfoort.",
"summary_en": "Camp Amersfoort was a concentration camp in Leusden on the southern edge of Amersfoort.",
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"city": "Amersfoort",
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