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{
"id": 133,
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/ee1d26ef-58c1-438c-894c-c82b8aa32990/",
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"uuid": "ee1d26ef-58c1-438c-894c-c82b8aa32990",
"name": "Trude Leeser imprisoned in Vught concentration camp",
"name_nl": "Trude Leeser is gevangen in Concentratiekamp Vught",
"name_en": "Trude Leeser imprisoned in Vught concentration camp",
"content": "<p>She worked there as a machine stitcher and was part of the <em>Philips-Kommando</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o5qtu\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> On <strong>3 June 1944</strong>, the approximately five hundred Jewish prisoners from this Kommando, including Trude Leeser, were sent to Auschwitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qr7ew\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> She survived this camp and several others, and was released in <strong>1945</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"o5qtu\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/380584\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/380584</a> (geraadpleegd 14 september 2002).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qr7ew\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Arolsen Archives - International Center on Nazi Persecution, Bad Arolsen, Document ID: 130328407 (Trude LEESER)</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Ze werkte er als machinestikster en deed dienst bij het zogenaamde Philips-Kommando.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o5qtu\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Op <strong>3 juni 1944</strong> gingen de ongeveer vijhonderd Joodse gevangenenuit dit Kommando, onder wie ook Trude Leeser, naar Auschwitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qr7ew\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Zij heeft dit kamp en ook nog een aantal andere overleefd, en kwam in <strong>1945</strong> vrij.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"o5qtu\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/380584\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/380584</a> (geraadpleegd 14 september 2002).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qr7ew\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Arolsen Archives - International Center on Nazi Persecution, Bad Arolsen, Document ID: 130328407 (Trude LEESER).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>She worked there as a machine stitcher and was part of the <em>Philips-Kommando</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o5qtu\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> On <strong>3 June 1944</strong>, the approximately five hundred Jewish prisoners from this Kommando, including Trude Leeser, were sent to Auschwitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qr7ew\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> She survived this camp and several others, and was released in <strong>1945</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"o5qtu\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/380584\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/380584</a> (geraadpleegd 14 september 2002).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qr7ew\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Arolsen Archives - International Center on Nazi Persecution, Bad Arolsen, Document ID: 130328407 (Trude LEESER)</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1943-02-10",
"date_end": "1944-06-03",
"summary": "Trude Leeser was niece of Hermann van Pels and was imprisoned in Vught from early 1943.",
"summary_nl": "Trude Leeser was nichtje van Hermann van Pels en zat vanaf begin 1943 in Vught gevangen.",
"summary_en": "Trude Leeser was niece of Hermann van Pels and was imprisoned in Vught from early 1943.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 135,
"main_image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/dc6bfa88-b7bd-4405-bc13-6d9d3b6c24b5/",
"subjects": [
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"persons": [
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"location": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/86b0f37c-86b2-4b6d-962b-c104eaf13966?format=api",
"published": true,
"uuid": "dc6bfa88-b7bd-4405-bc13-6d9d3b6c24b5",
"name": "Henny van Pels imprisoned in Vught concentration camp",
"name_nl": "Henny van Pels gevangen in Concentratiekamp Vught",
"name_en": "Henny van Pels imprisoned in Vught concentration camp",
"content": "<p>After eight months in Vught, she was transferred to Westerbork on 11 September 1943.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ca190\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> She was only there fore three days;<sup data-footnote-id=\"cdtix\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> six days later she was murdered in Auschwitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8ezze\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ca190\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/385723\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/385723</a> (geraadpleegd 14 september 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cdtix\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/130338592\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/130338592</a> (geraadpleegd 14 september 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8ezze\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Burgerlijke Stand, toegang 5009, inv. nr. 7396: A-register 85, 76v, nr. 450.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Na acht maanden Vught volgde op <strong>11 september 1943</strong> haar overbrenging naar Westerbork.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ca190\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Daar bleef ze maar drie dagen;<sup data-footnote-id=\"cdtix\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> zes dagen later werd ze in Auschwitz vermoord.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8ezze\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ca190\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/385723\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/385723</a> (geraadpleegd 14 september 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cdtix\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/130338592\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/130338592</a> (geraadpleegd 14 september 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8ezze\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Burgerlijke Stand, toegang 5009, inv. nr. 7396: A-register 85, 76v, nr. 450.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>After eight months in Vught, she was transferred to Westerbork on 11 September 1943.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ca190\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> She was only there fore three days;<sup data-footnote-id=\"cdtix\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> six days later she was murdered in Auschwitz.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8ezze\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ca190\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/385723\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/385723</a> (geraadpleegd 14 september 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cdtix\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/130338592\" target=\"_blank\">https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/document/130338592</a> (geraadpleegd 14 september 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8ezze\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Burgerlijke Stand, toegang 5009, inv. nr. 7396: A-register 85, 76v, nr. 450.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1943-02-24",
"date_end": "1943-09-11",
"summary": "Henny van Pels was a sister of Hermann van Pels. In Vught, she worked as a furrier. On 11 September 1943, she was transferred to camp Westerbork. From there, she was deported to Auschwitz concentration camp on 14 September 1943, where she was killed shortly after arrival.",
"summary_nl": "Henny van Pels was een zus van Hermann van Pels. In Vught werkte zij als bontwerkster. Op 11 september 1943 is ze naar kamp Westerbork overgebracht. Daarvandaan is ze op 14 september 1943 naar concentratiekamp Auschwitz gedeporteerd, waar ze kort na aankomst is vermoord.",
"summary_en": "Henny van Pels was a sister of Hermann van Pels. In Vught, she worked as a furrier. On 11 September 1943, she was transferred to camp Westerbork. From there, she was deported to Auschwitz concentration camp on 14 September 1943, where she was killed shortly after arrival.",
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"subjects": [
{
"id": 396124393,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/2f953762-15f3-4feb-b405-3e6663a0db05/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "2f953762-15f3-4feb-b405-3e6663a0db05",
"name": "Concentration camps",
"name_nl": "Concentratiekampen",
"name_en": "Concentration camps",
"description": "<p>There were about 1,000 concentration and sub-camps and seven extermination camps. They were designed for the murder of millions of people, the elimination of political opponents, exploitation through forced labour, human medical experiments and the internment of prisoners of war. The camp system was an essential part of the National Socialist regime of injustice, from which large branches of German industry directly or indirectly benefitted.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>The people from the Secret Annex all ended up in various concentration and extermination camps:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul style=\"margin-left:40px\">\r\n\t<li>Anne Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen Belsen</li>\r\n\t<li>Margot Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen Belsen</li>\r\n\t<li>Edith Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau</li>\r\n\t<li>Otto Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I</li>\r\n\t<li>Peter van Pels: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I, Mauthausen, Melk</li>\r\n\t<li>Hermann van Pels: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I</li>\r\n\t<li>Auguste van Pels: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen Belsen, Raguhn</li>\r\n\t<li>Fritz Pfeffer: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I, Neuengamme</li>\r\n</ul>",
"description_nl": "<p>Er waren ongeveer 1.000 concentratie- en subkampen en zeven vernietigingskampen. Ze waren bedoeld voor de moord op miljoenen mensen, de eliminatie van politieke tegenstanders, de uitbuiting door dwangarbeid, menselijke medische experimenten en de internering van krijgsgevangenen. Het kampsysteem vormde een essentieel onderdeel van het nationaal-socialistische regime van onrecht, waarvan grote takken van de Duitse industrie direct of indirect profiteerden.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>De onderduikers uit het Achterhuis belandden allemaal in verschillende concentratie- en vernietigingskampen: </p>\r\n\r\n<ul style=\"margin-left:40px\">\r\n\t<li>Anne Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen Belsen</li>\r\n\t<li>Margot Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen Belsen</li>\r\n\t<li>Edith Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau</li>\r\n\t<li>Otto Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I</li>\r\n\t<li>Peter van Pels: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I, Mauthausen, Melk</li>\r\n\t<li>Hermann van Pels: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I</li>\r\n\t<li>Auguste van Pels: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen Belsen, Raguhn</li>\r\n\t<li>Fritz Pfeffer: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I, Neuengamme</li>\r\n</ul>",
"description_en": "<p>There were about 1,000 concentration and sub-camps and seven extermination camps. They were designed for the murder of millions of people, the elimination of political opponents, exploitation through forced labour, human medical experiments and the internment of prisoners of war. The camp system was an essential part of the National Socialist regime of injustice, from which large branches of German industry directly or indirectly benefitted.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>The people from the Secret Annex all ended up in various concentration and extermination camps:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul style=\"margin-left:40px\">\r\n\t<li>Anne Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen Belsen</li>\r\n\t<li>Margot Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen Belsen</li>\r\n\t<li>Edith Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau</li>\r\n\t<li>Otto Frank: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I</li>\r\n\t<li>Peter van Pels: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I, Mauthausen, Melk</li>\r\n\t<li>Hermann van Pels: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I</li>\r\n\t<li>Auguste van Pels: Westerbork, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bergen Belsen, Raguhn</li>\r\n\t<li>Fritz Pfeffer: Westerbork, Auschwitz-I, Neuengamme</li>\r\n</ul>",
"summary": "Concentration camps is the collective term for internment facilities, usually in the form of huts, used to (forcibly) imprison people. Before and during World War II, concentration camps were used to imprison or kill persecuted people. They were also used for forced labour.",
"summary_nl": "Concentratiekampen is het verzamelbegrip voor de gevangenenkampen, meestal in de vorm van barakken, die worden gebruikt om mensen (gedwongen) te verzamelen. Voor en tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog werden concentratiekampen gebruikt om vervolgden op te sluiten of te vermoorden. Ook werden ze gebruikt voor de tewerkstelling van gevangenen.",
"summary_en": "Concentration camps is the collective term for internment facilities, usually in the form of huts, used to (forcibly) imprison people. Before and during World War II, concentration camps were used to imprison or kill persecuted people. They were also used for forced labour.",
"same_as": [
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},
{
"id": 396124661,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/d47a0e7d-c105-4da3-82fa-3212475a577c/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "d47a0e7d-c105-4da3-82fa-3212475a577c",
"name": "Holocaust",
"name_nl": "Holocaust",
"name_en": "Holocaust",
"description": "<p> Most of the killings took place in death camps in gas chambers and in mass executions by Einsatzgruppen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j1qs3\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> As a result, between 5.1 and 6 million Jews were killed, including 102.000 to 104.000 Dutch Jews.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sz0sf\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> In Eastern Europe, Jews were largely murdered in mass executions, while Western European Jews were largely transported via transit camps to extermination camps in Eastern Europe to be gassed.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j1qs3\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Voor samenvattende overzichtsartikelen, zie: Koen Smilde, <a href=\"https://www.annefrank.org/en/anne-frank/go-in-depth/what-is-the-holocaust/\" target=\"_blank\">What is the Holocaust?</a>, Website Anne Frank Stichting; Kevin Prenger, <a href=\"https://historiek.net/jodenvervolging-in-nederland-tijdens-de-duitse-bezetting-1940-1945/164332/\" target=\"_blank\">Jodenvervolging in Nederland tijdens de Duitse bezetting (1940-1945)</a>, Historiek.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sz0sf\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie o.a.: Jacques Presser, <em>Ondergang. De vervolging en verdelging van het Nederlandse Jodendom, 1940-1945</em>, 's-Gravenhage: Staatsuitgeverij, 1965; Nanda van der Zee, <em>Om erger te voorkomen. De voorbereiding en uitvoering van de vernietiging van het Nederlandse Jodendom tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog</em>, Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1997; Bob Moore, <em>Slachtoffers en overlevenden. De nazi-vervolging van de Joden in Nederland</em>, Amsterdam: Bakker, 1998; Pim Griffioen & Ron Zeller, <em>Jodenvervolging in Nederland, Frankrijk en België 1940-1945. Overeenkomsten, verschillen, oorzaken</em>, Amsterdam: Boom, 2011; Carry van Lakerveld & Victor Levie, <em>'Ze doen ons niets'. Vervolging en deportatie van de Joden in Nederland 1940-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Boom, 2016; Katja Happe, <em>Veel valse hoop. De Jodenvervolging in Nederland 1940-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Atlas Contact, 2018; Conny Kristel, Boudewijn Smits & Frank van Vree (red.), <em>Jodenvervolging in Nederland 1940-1945 : Wat Loe de Jong schreef over de Sjoa in 'Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog'</em>, Laren: Verbum, 2018</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De moorden vonden grotendeels plaats in vernietigingskampen in gaskamers en bij massa-executies door <em>Einsatzgruppen</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"vazq1\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Hierdoor kwamen tussen de 5,1 en 6 miljoen Joden om het leven, waarvan 102.000 tot 104.000 Nederlandse Joden.<sup data-footnote-id=\"x5n7r\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> In Oost-Europa werden de Joden grotendeels vermoord tijdens massa-executies, terwijl de West-Europese Joden grotendeels via doorgangskampen werden getransporteerd naar vernietigingskampen in Oost-Europa om daar te worden vergast.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vazq1\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Voor samenvattende overzichtsartikelen, zie: Koen Smilde, <a href=\"https://www.annefrank.org/nl/anne-frank/verdieping/wat-is-de-holocaust/\" target=\"_blank\">Wat is de Holocaust?</a>, Website Anne Frank Stichting; Kevin Prenger, <a href=\"https://historiek.net/jodenvervolging-in-nederland-tijdens-de-duitse-bezetting-1940-1945/164332/\" target=\"_blank\">Jodenvervolging in Nederland tijdens de Duitse bezetting (1940-1945)</a>, Historiek.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"x5n7r\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie o.a.: Jacques Presser, <em>Ondergang. De vervolging en verdelging van het Nederlandse Jodendom, 1940-1945</em>, 's-Gravenhage: Staatsuitgeverij, 1965; Nanda van der Zee, <em>Om erger te voorkomen. De voorbereiding en uitvoering van de vernietiging van het Nederlandse Jodendom tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog</em>, Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1997; Bob Moore, <em>Slachtoffers en overlevenden. De nazi-vervolging van de Joden in Nederland</em>, Amsterdam: Bakker, 1998; Pim Griffioen & Ron Zeller, <em>Jodenvervolging in Nederland, Frankrijk en België 1940-1945. Overeenkomsten, verschillen, oorzaken</em>, Amsterdam: Boom, 2011; Carry van Lakerveld & Victor Levie, <em>'Ze doen ons niets'. Vervolging en deportatie van de Joden in Nederland 1940-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Boom, 2016; Katja Happe, <em>Veel valse hoop. De Jodenvervolging in Nederland 1940-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Atlas Contact, 2018; Conny Kristel, Boudewijn Smits & Frank van Vree (red.), <em>Jodenvervolging in Nederland 1940-1945 : Wat Loe de Jong schreef over de Sjoa in 'Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog'</em>, Laren: Verbum, 2018.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p> Most of the killings took place in death camps in gas chambers and in mass executions by Einsatzgruppen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j1qs3\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> As a result, between 5.1 and 6 million Jews were killed, including 102.000 to 104.000 Dutch Jews.<sup data-footnote-id=\"sz0sf\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> In Eastern Europe, Jews were largely murdered in mass executions, while Western European Jews were largely transported via transit camps to extermination camps in Eastern Europe to be gassed.</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j1qs3\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Voor samenvattende overzichtsartikelen, zie: Koen Smilde, <a href=\"https://www.annefrank.org/en/anne-frank/go-in-depth/what-is-the-holocaust/\" target=\"_blank\">What is the Holocaust?</a>, Website Anne Frank Stichting; Kevin Prenger, <a href=\"https://historiek.net/jodenvervolging-in-nederland-tijdens-de-duitse-bezetting-1940-1945/164332/\" target=\"_blank\">Jodenvervolging in Nederland tijdens de Duitse bezetting (1940-1945)</a>, Historiek.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"sz0sf\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie o.a.: Jacques Presser, <em>Ondergang. De vervolging en verdelging van het Nederlandse Jodendom, 1940-1945</em>, 's-Gravenhage: Staatsuitgeverij, 1965; Nanda van der Zee, <em>Om erger te voorkomen. De voorbereiding en uitvoering van de vernietiging van het Nederlandse Jodendom tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog</em>, Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1997; Bob Moore, <em>Slachtoffers en overlevenden. De nazi-vervolging van de Joden in Nederland</em>, Amsterdam: Bakker, 1998; Pim Griffioen & Ron Zeller, <em>Jodenvervolging in Nederland, Frankrijk en België 1940-1945. Overeenkomsten, verschillen, oorzaken</em>, Amsterdam: Boom, 2011; Carry van Lakerveld & Victor Levie, <em>'Ze doen ons niets'. Vervolging en deportatie van de Joden in Nederland 1940-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Boom, 2016; Katja Happe, <em>Veel valse hoop. De Jodenvervolging in Nederland 1940-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Atlas Contact, 2018; Conny Kristel, Boudewijn Smits & Frank van Vree (red.), <em>Jodenvervolging in Nederland 1940-1945 : Wat Loe de Jong schreef over de Sjoa in 'Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog'</em>, Laren: Verbum, 2018</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The Holocaust, also called Shoah or Shoa, was the systematic persecution and genocide of Jews by the Nazis and their allies before and during World War II.",
"summary_nl": "De Holocaust, ook wel Shoah, Shoa of Sjoa genoemd, was de systematische Jodenvervolging en genocide door de nazi's en hun bondgenoten voor en tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog.",
"summary_en": "The Holocaust, also called Shoah or Shoa, was the systematic persecution and genocide of Jews by the Nazis and their allies before and during World War II.",
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"name": "Camp Vught",
"name_nl": "Kamp Vught",
"name_en": "Camp Vught",
"uuid": "86b0f37c-86b2-4b6d-962b-c104eaf13966",
"content": "<p>Camp Vught (German official name: <em>Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch</em>) was located in the North Brabant town of Vught near the recreational lake the IJzeren Man. It functioned as a concentration camp for over a year and a half.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k4rl0\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k4rl0\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>See the <a href=\"https://www.nmkampvught.nl/\" target=\"_blank\">website van Nationaal Monument Kamp Vught</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Kamp Vught (officieel Duits: <em>Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch</em>) bevond zich in de Noord-Brabantse plaats Vught nabij de recreatieplas de IJzeren Man. Het heeft ruim anderhalf jaar als concentratiekamp gefunctioneerd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hd4zw\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hd4zw\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie de <a href=\"https://www.nmkampvught.nl/\" target=\"_blank\">website van Nationaal Monument Kamp Vught</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Camp Vught (German official name: <em>Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch</em>) was located in the North Brabant town of Vught near the recreational lake the IJzeren Man. It functioned as a concentration camp for over a year and a half.<sup data-footnote-id=\"k4rl0\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k4rl0\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>See the <a href=\"https://www.nmkampvught.nl/\" target=\"_blank\">website van Nationaal Monument Kamp Vught</a>.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (5.258659 51.665765)",
"summary": "Camp Vught was one of three German concentration camps in the Netherlands during World War II.",
"summary_nl": "Kamp Vught was een van de drie Duitse concentratiekampen in Nederland tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog.",
"summary_en": "Camp Vught was one of three German concentration camps in the Netherlands during World War II.",
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"street": "Lunettenlaan 600",
"zipcode": "5263 NT",
"city": "Vught",
"state": "",
"land": "Nederland",
"location_events": [
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}