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"name_nl": "Rivierenbuurt",
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"description": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt, die wordt begrensd door de Amstelrivier in het oosten, de Boerenwetering in het westen, het Amstelkanaal in het noorden, en de Zuidelijke Wandelweg in het zuiden. Het maakt deel uit van <em>Plan Zuid</em>, een stedenbouwkundig plan voor Amsterdam-Zuid, dat in het begin van de <strong>20e eeuw</strong> werd ontworpen door de architect H.P Berlage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> bestond uit drie delen: de <em>Apollobuurt</em> en de <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, gericht op welgestelden, middenklasse en arbeidersklasse, en de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, gericht op de middenklasse. Ook een groot deel van de buurt <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> behoort tot het <em>Plan Zuid</em>. In het stedenbouwkundig plan was bedacht dat drie hoofdstraten (de Amstellanen) de buurt in een Y-vorm zouden doorsnijden, en samen zouden komen op het Daniël Willinkplein, een vernoeming naar de Nederlandse schrijver Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Dit waren de Amstellaan (na de oorlog werd dit de Stalinlaan en in <strong>1956</strong>, na de Russische inval in Hongarije, gewijzigd in Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (nu Churchill-laan) en Zuider Amstellaan (nu Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> De overige straatnamen in de buurt werden vernoemd naar Nederlandse rivieren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De woningen in de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> oefenden vanaf het begin van de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Joodse Amsterdammers uit de middenklasse. Qua grootte en voorzieningen staken zij bijzonder gunstig af tegen de kleine, slechte woningen in de overbevolkte Jodenbuurt rond het Waterlooplein. Toch was er in de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> veel leegstand, en daardoor streken ook veel Duitse Joden die vanuit nazi-Duitsland naar Nederland vluchtten, hier neer, waaronder ook de families Frank en Van Pels en een aantal van hun vrienden en kennissen. De immigranten voelden zich thuis in deze buurt met de vele geloofsgenoten. Uiteindelijk woonde in <strong>1940</strong> zo'n 40% van de in Amsterdam wonende Joden in dit deel van de stad.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
"summary_nl": "De Rivierenbuurt is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt waar zich vanaf de jaren dertig veel Joodse inwoners hebben gevestigd.",
"summary_en": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
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"published": true,
"uuid": "d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645",
"name": "Accommodation",
"name_nl": "Verblijf",
"name_en": "Accommodation",
"description": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"description_nl": "<p>Onder verblijf wordt verstaan een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.</p>",
"description_en": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"summary": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"summary_nl": "Verblijf is een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.",
"summary_en": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/locaties/b6bed785-6178-42d2-9f90-a90e7730c21e/",
"published": true,
"name": "Goslar family home | Merwedeplein 31-I",
"name_nl": "Woning familie Goslar | Merwedeplein 31-I",
"name_en": "Goslar family home | Merwedeplein 31-I",
"uuid": "b6bed785-6178-42d2-9f90-a90e7730c21e",
"content": "<p>There the Goslar family became friends with the Frank family.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qvy1p\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qvy1p\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie Rian Verhoeven, <em>Anne Frank was niet alleen: het Merwedeplein, 1933-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2019, p. 33-35.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Daar raakte de familie Goslar bevriend met de familie Frank.<sup data-footnote-id=\"amim2\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"amim2\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie Rian Verhoeven, <em>Anne Frank was niet alleen: het Merwedeplein, 1933-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2019, p. 33-35.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>There the Goslar family became friends with the Frank family.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qvy1p\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qvy1p\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie Rian Verhoeven, <em>Anne Frank was niet alleen: het Merwedeplein, 1933-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2019, p. 33-35.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (4.901085 52.345366)",
"summary": "The Goslar family moved into a flat on Merwedeplein in February 1934.",
"summary_nl": "De familie Goslar betrok In februari 1934 een appartement aan het Merwedeplein.",
"summary_en": "The Goslar family moved into a flat on Merwedeplein in February 1934.",
"same_as": null,
"street": "Merwedeplein 31-I",
"zipcode": "",
"city": "Amsterdam",
"state": "",
"land": "",
"location_events": []
},
"score": 1.292722
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"main_image": {
"id": 947,
"uuid": "fdf86d28-e578-455b-995c-b737faf5a880",
"name": "312297_Scan1_0001",
"title": "Sanne Ledermann met nichtjes voor Noorder Amstellaan 35-37.",
"alt": "Foto: onbekend. Fotocollectie familie Rodbell",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/312297_Scan1_0001.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "De drie meisjes zitten op het hek van de opgangtrap naar het portiek. Rechts het naamschild met beroep van Franz Ledermann.",
"author": "De collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek",
"copyright": "Publiek domein"
},
"latitude": "52.346377",
"longitude": "4.900374",
"events": [
{
"id": 118,
"main_image": {
"id": 1035,
"uuid": "eed65f04-e7a0-444a-ad3b-616700cd80da",
"name": "USHMM_Ledermann-Balkon.jpg",
"title": "Het gezin Ledermann-Citroen op hun balkon in Amsterdam.",
"alt": "Fotocollectie: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum/courtesy family Rodbell",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/USHMM_Ledermann-Balkon.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "",
"author": "Collectie kan worden ingezet voor publiek.",
"copyright": "Status onduidelijk."
},
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/92a90439-fd8b-4a39-a087-ce16e19570ff/",
"subjects": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/5ea902c2-a419-4311-bd4b-7b1519c94f23?format=api",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/a1fe363e-9156-4b0e-8ea7-4b58d18e4f1d?format=api",
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"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645?format=api"
],
"persons": [
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/33e28b71-10bd-42c4-b577-534b07cd58f0?format=api",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/0d9ec16a-477c-45db-b33b-410e0d9c1306?format=api",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/64b06ab5-3490-46dc-9272-e33e03fa3279?format=api",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/ee61e5a6-41f3-4089-8e1d-18d7d3d0c866?format=api"
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"location": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/aab06445-fe04-4578-9fba-19e679b65d6d?format=api",
"published": true,
"uuid": "92a90439-fd8b-4a39-a087-ce16e19570ff",
"name": "The Ledermann family lives in Amsterdam",
"name_nl": "Familie Ledermann woont in Amsterdam",
"name_en": "The Ledermann family lives in Amsterdam",
"content": "<p>Together with Hans Goslar, Ledermann started a consultancy for German Jews.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m4yus\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"m4yus\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie Rian Verhoeven, <em>Anne Frank was niet alleen: het Merwedeplein, 1933-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2019, p. 28-33.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Samen met Hans Goslar richtte Ledermann een adviesbureau voor Duitse Joden op.<sup data-footnote-id=\"4r3c0\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"4r3c0\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie Rian Verhoeven, <em>Anne Frank was niet alleen: het Merwedeplein, 1933-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2019, p. 28-33.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Together with Hans Goslar, Ledermann started a consultancy for German Jews.<sup data-footnote-id=\"m4yus\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"m4yus\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie Rian Verhoeven, <em>Anne Frank was niet alleen: het Merwedeplein, 1933-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2019, p. 28-33.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1933-12-14",
"date_end": "1943-06-20",
"summary": "Before that, they lived briefly in Zandvoort.",
"summary_nl": "Hiervoor woonden ze kort in Zandvoort.",
"summary_en": "Before that, they lived briefly in Zandvoort.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
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{
"id": 396124506,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627",
"name": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_nl": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_en": "Rivierenbuurt",
"description": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt, die wordt begrensd door de Amstelrivier in het oosten, de Boerenwetering in het westen, het Amstelkanaal in het noorden, en de Zuidelijke Wandelweg in het zuiden. Het maakt deel uit van <em>Plan Zuid</em>, een stedenbouwkundig plan voor Amsterdam-Zuid, dat in het begin van de <strong>20e eeuw</strong> werd ontworpen door de architect H.P Berlage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> bestond uit drie delen: de <em>Apollobuurt</em> en de <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, gericht op welgestelden, middenklasse en arbeidersklasse, en de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, gericht op de middenklasse. Ook een groot deel van de buurt <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> behoort tot het <em>Plan Zuid</em>. In het stedenbouwkundig plan was bedacht dat drie hoofdstraten (de Amstellanen) de buurt in een Y-vorm zouden doorsnijden, en samen zouden komen op het Daniël Willinkplein, een vernoeming naar de Nederlandse schrijver Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Dit waren de Amstellaan (na de oorlog werd dit de Stalinlaan en in <strong>1956</strong>, na de Russische inval in Hongarije, gewijzigd in Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (nu Churchill-laan) en Zuider Amstellaan (nu Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> De overige straatnamen in de buurt werden vernoemd naar Nederlandse rivieren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De woningen in de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> oefenden vanaf het begin van de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Joodse Amsterdammers uit de middenklasse. Qua grootte en voorzieningen staken zij bijzonder gunstig af tegen de kleine, slechte woningen in de overbevolkte Jodenbuurt rond het Waterlooplein. Toch was er in de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> veel leegstand, en daardoor streken ook veel Duitse Joden die vanuit nazi-Duitsland naar Nederland vluchtten, hier neer, waaronder ook de families Frank en Van Pels en een aantal van hun vrienden en kennissen. De immigranten voelden zich thuis in deze buurt met de vele geloofsgenoten. Uiteindelijk woonde in <strong>1940</strong> zo'n 40% van de in Amsterdam wonende Joden in dit deel van de stad.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
"summary_nl": "De Rivierenbuurt is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt waar zich vanaf de jaren dertig veel Joodse inwoners hebben gevestigd.",
"summary_en": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
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"name": "Accommodation",
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"description": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"description_nl": "<p>Onder verblijf wordt verstaan een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.</p>",
"description_en": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"summary": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"summary_nl": "Verblijf is een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.",
"summary_en": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
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"published": true,
"name": "Ledermann family home",
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"content": "<p>They lived in Amsterdam since <strong>December 1933</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"162wc\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"162wc\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie Rian Verhoeven, <em>Anne Frank was niet alleen: het Merwedeplein, 1933-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2019, p. 28-30.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Zij woonden sinds <strong>december 1933</strong> in Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"92c8z\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"92c8z\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie Rian Verhoeven, <em>Anne Frank was niet alleen: het Merwedeplein, 1933-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2019, p. 28-30.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>They lived in Amsterdam since <strong>December 1933</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"162wc\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"162wc\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie Rian Verhoeven, <em>Anne Frank was niet alleen: het Merwedeplein, 1933-1945</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2019, p. 28-30.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (4.900374 52.346377)",
"summary": "Noorder Amstellaan 37-III (after 1945: Churchilllaan), Amsterdam",
"summary_nl": "Noorder Amstellaan 37-III (na 1945: Churchilllaan), Amsterdam",
"summary_en": "Noorder Amstellaan 37-III (after 1945: Churchilllaan), Amsterdam",
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"name": "Miep Santrouschitz lives in the Gaaspstraat, Amsterdam",
"name_nl": "Miep Santrouschitz woont in de Gaaspstraat, Amsterdam",
"name_en": "Miep Santrouschitz lives in the Gaaspstraat, Amsterdam",
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"date_start": "1928-04-05",
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"summary": "Miep Santrouschitz lived with her foster family in Amsterdam from 1924 to 16 July 1941. From 1928 in the Gaaspstraat.",
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"name": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_nl": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_en": "Rivierenbuurt",
"description": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt, die wordt begrensd door de Amstelrivier in het oosten, de Boerenwetering in het westen, het Amstelkanaal in het noorden, en de Zuidelijke Wandelweg in het zuiden. Het maakt deel uit van <em>Plan Zuid</em>, een stedenbouwkundig plan voor Amsterdam-Zuid, dat in het begin van de <strong>20e eeuw</strong> werd ontworpen door de architect H.P Berlage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> bestond uit drie delen: de <em>Apollobuurt</em> en de <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, gericht op welgestelden, middenklasse en arbeidersklasse, en de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, gericht op de middenklasse. Ook een groot deel van de buurt <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> behoort tot het <em>Plan Zuid</em>. In het stedenbouwkundig plan was bedacht dat drie hoofdstraten (de Amstellanen) de buurt in een Y-vorm zouden doorsnijden, en samen zouden komen op het Daniël Willinkplein, een vernoeming naar de Nederlandse schrijver Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Dit waren de Amstellaan (na de oorlog werd dit de Stalinlaan en in <strong>1956</strong>, na de Russische inval in Hongarije, gewijzigd in Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (nu Churchill-laan) en Zuider Amstellaan (nu Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> De overige straatnamen in de buurt werden vernoemd naar Nederlandse rivieren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De woningen in de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> oefenden vanaf het begin van de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Joodse Amsterdammers uit de middenklasse. Qua grootte en voorzieningen staken zij bijzonder gunstig af tegen de kleine, slechte woningen in de overbevolkte Jodenbuurt rond het Waterlooplein. Toch was er in de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> veel leegstand, en daardoor streken ook veel Duitse Joden die vanuit nazi-Duitsland naar Nederland vluchtten, hier neer, waaronder ook de families Frank en Van Pels en een aantal van hun vrienden en kennissen. De immigranten voelden zich thuis in deze buurt met de vele geloofsgenoten. Uiteindelijk woonde in <strong>1940</strong> zo'n 40% van de in Amsterdam wonende Joden in dit deel van de stad.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
"summary_nl": "De Rivierenbuurt is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt waar zich vanaf de jaren dertig veel Joodse inwoners hebben gevestigd.",
"summary_en": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
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"parent": 396124553,
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{
"id": 396124556,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645",
"name": "Accommodation",
"name_nl": "Verblijf",
"name_en": "Accommodation",
"description": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"description_nl": "<p>Onder verblijf wordt verstaan een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.</p>",
"description_en": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"summary": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"summary_nl": "Verblijf is een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.",
"summary_en": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"same_as": null,
"parent": 396124413,
"files": []
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/locaties/6a58ce7e-02e2-4517-85ce-5b03eb20b753/",
"published": true,
"name": "Nieuwenburg family home | Amsterdam",
"name_nl": "Woning familie Nieuwenburg | Amsterdam",
"name_en": "Nieuwenburg family home | Amsterdam",
"uuid": "6a58ce7e-02e2-4517-85ce-5b03eb20b753",
"content": "",
"content_nl": "",
"content_en": "",
"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (4.90837 52.344589)",
"summary": "The house at Gaaspstraat 12 got a different house number around 1934-1935. Then the street was renumbered. Number 12 became number 25. The family, with Miep Santrouschitz, first lived on 25-III and from August 29, 1940 on 25-Hs.",
"summary_nl": "De woning op Gaaspstraat 12 kreeg omstreeks 1934–'35 een ander huisnummer. Toen werd de straat omgenummerd. Nummer 12 werd nummer 25. De familie, met Miep Santrouschitz, woonde eerst op 25-III en vanaf 29 augustus 1940 op 25-Hs.",
"summary_en": "The house at Gaaspstraat 12 got a different house number around 1934-1935. Then the street was renumbered. Number 12 became number 25. The family, with Miep Santrouschitz, first lived on 25-III and from August 29, 1940 on 25-Hs.",
"same_as": [
"https://archief.amsterdam/beeldbank/detail/8ac3e4f7-7bab-7e92-c414-12e6e26923a6"
],
"street": "Gaaspstraat 25",
"zipcode": "",
"city": "Amsterdam",
"state": "",
"land": "Nederland",
"location_events": [
294
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},
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},
{
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"latitude": "52.345",
"longitude": "4.8972",
"events": [
{
"id": 138,
"main_image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/ee597f07-4028-4aa6-968a-9aa34f76fb07/",
"subjects": [
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"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627?format=api",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/subjects/d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645?format=api"
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"persons": [
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"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/9276945d-3ec3-4d82-aad1-8708abc63e7f?format=api",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/70d46c84-cc19-4925-b4ed-19da7cfd76ae?format=api",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/d25d3c8e-2ad8-492e-bbcf-d06da70e3e42?format=api",
"https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/persons/bfb8d2db-e3cb-4d5a-9e7e-2e10e2edf709?format=api"
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"location": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/b7c73757-981c-409e-95cc-cc8eab873a93?format=api",
"published": true,
"uuid": "ee597f07-4028-4aa6-968a-9aa34f76fb07",
"name": "Leo and Rosa Röttgen-Rosenau live in Amsterdam",
"name_nl": "Leo en Rosa Röttgen-Rosenau wonen in Amsterdam",
"name_en": "Leo and Rosa Röttgen-Rosenau live in Amsterdam",
"content": "",
"content_nl": "",
"content_en": "",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1939-03-01",
"date_end": "1943-03-06",
"summary": "Auguste van Pels-Röttgen's parents lived with her for six months when they came to Amsterdam. After this, they lived on Penseelstraat 5-hs and Biesboschstraat 67-III.",
"summary_nl": "De ouders van Auguste van Pels-Röttgen wonen, als ze naar Amsterdam komen, een half jaar bij haar in. Hierna wonen zij in de Penseelstraat 5-hs en Biesboschstraat 67-III.",
"summary_en": "Auguste van Pels-Röttgen's parents lived with her for six months when they came to Amsterdam. After this, they lived on Penseelstraat 5-hs and Biesboschstraat 67-III.",
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"files": []
}
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{
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627",
"name": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_nl": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_en": "Rivierenbuurt",
"description": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt, die wordt begrensd door de Amstelrivier in het oosten, de Boerenwetering in het westen, het Amstelkanaal in het noorden, en de Zuidelijke Wandelweg in het zuiden. Het maakt deel uit van <em>Plan Zuid</em>, een stedenbouwkundig plan voor Amsterdam-Zuid, dat in het begin van de <strong>20e eeuw</strong> werd ontworpen door de architect H.P Berlage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> bestond uit drie delen: de <em>Apollobuurt</em> en de <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, gericht op welgestelden, middenklasse en arbeidersklasse, en de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, gericht op de middenklasse. Ook een groot deel van de buurt <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> behoort tot het <em>Plan Zuid</em>. In het stedenbouwkundig plan was bedacht dat drie hoofdstraten (de Amstellanen) de buurt in een Y-vorm zouden doorsnijden, en samen zouden komen op het Daniël Willinkplein, een vernoeming naar de Nederlandse schrijver Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Dit waren de Amstellaan (na de oorlog werd dit de Stalinlaan en in <strong>1956</strong>, na de Russische inval in Hongarije, gewijzigd in Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (nu Churchill-laan) en Zuider Amstellaan (nu Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> De overige straatnamen in de buurt werden vernoemd naar Nederlandse rivieren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De woningen in de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> oefenden vanaf het begin van de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Joodse Amsterdammers uit de middenklasse. Qua grootte en voorzieningen staken zij bijzonder gunstig af tegen de kleine, slechte woningen in de overbevolkte Jodenbuurt rond het Waterlooplein. Toch was er in de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> veel leegstand, en daardoor streken ook veel Duitse Joden die vanuit nazi-Duitsland naar Nederland vluchtten, hier neer, waaronder ook de families Frank en Van Pels en een aantal van hun vrienden en kennissen. De immigranten voelden zich thuis in deze buurt met de vele geloofsgenoten. Uiteindelijk woonde in <strong>1940</strong> zo'n 40% van de in Amsterdam wonende Joden in dit deel van de stad.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
"summary_nl": "De Rivierenbuurt is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt waar zich vanaf de jaren dertig veel Joodse inwoners hebben gevestigd.",
"summary_en": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
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"parent": 396124553,
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},
{
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645",
"name": "Accommodation",
"name_nl": "Verblijf",
"name_en": "Accommodation",
"description": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"description_nl": "<p>Onder verblijf wordt verstaan een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.</p>",
"description_en": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"summary": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"summary_nl": "Verblijf is een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.",
"summary_en": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"same_as": null,
"parent": 396124413,
"files": []
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"name": "Van Pels-Röttgen family home, Biesboschstraat 59, Amsterdam",
"name_nl": "Woning familie Van Pels-Röttgen | Biesboschstraat",
"name_en": "Van Pels-Röttgen family home, Biesboschstraat 59, Amsterdam",
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"content": "",
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"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (4.8972 52.345)",
"summary": "Official residential address of the Van Pels family from 18 May 1938 to 6 May 1940.",
"summary_nl": "Officieel woonadres van de familie Van Pels van 18 mei 1938 tot 6 mei 1940.",
"summary_en": "Official residential address of the Van Pels family from 18 May 1938 to 6 May 1940.",
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"city": "Amsterdam",
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"title": "Wolkenkrabber met links de Zuider Amstellaan, rond 1940",
"alt": "Collectie N.V. De Arbeiderspers. Stadsarchief Amsterdam",
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"name": "The Van Pels family moves to Biesboschstraat",
"name_nl": "De familie Van Pels verhuist naar de Biesboschstraat",
"name_en": "The Van Pels family moves to Biesboschstraat",
"content": "<p>The Van Pels family had several lodgers in the house on Biesboschstraat, and in a newspaper advert in <strong>March '39</strong>, they offered a <em>"Large <strong>Bedsitting room,</strong> ground floor, with fine lodgings for 2 pers.</em>"<sup data-footnote-id=\"qvwrx\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> The first to move in after the advert appeared were Auguste's parents, Leo Röttgen and Rosa Röttgen-Rosenau. The others who lived here, partly previously, were:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Georg Rosenstock and Clothilde Rosenstock-Schmidt (21 July 1938 - 30 January 1939)</li>\r\n\t<li>Amalie Spanier-Marx (5 May 1939 - 10 July 1939)</li>\r\n\t<li>Hans Bachmann (30 June 1939 - 3 October 1939)</li>\r\n\t<li>Sigmund and Jakob Kaufmann (4 July 1939 - 6 May 1940).<sup data-footnote-id=\"9rgkf\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qvwrx\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>"Kamers, huizen, enz. (aangeb.)", <em>De Telegraaf</em>. 17 maart 1939, avondeditie, p. 20.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9rgkf\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445), inv. nr. 35, Woningkaart Biesboschstraat 59 huis.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Het gezin Van Pels had in de woning aan de Biesboschstraat verschillende inwonenden. In een krantenannonce boden zij in <strong>maart '39</strong> een <em>"Groote <strong>Zit-Sl.kamer,</strong> parterre, met prima pens. voor 2 pers." </em>aan.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qvwrx\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> De eersten die na de plaatsing introkken waren Augustes ouders, Leo Röttgen en Rosa Röttgen - Rosenau. De anderen die hier deels al eerder inwoonden waren:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Georg Rosenstock en Clothilde Rosenstock-Schmidt (21 juli 1938 – 30 januari 1939)</li>\r\n\t<li>Amalie Spanier - Marx (5 mei 1939 – 10 juli 1939)</li>\r\n\t<li>Hans Bachmann (30 juni 1939 – 3 oktober 1939)</li>\r\n\t<li>Sigmund en Jakob Kaufmann (4 juli 1939 – 6 mei 1940).<sup data-footnote-id=\"9rgkf\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qvwrx\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>"Kamers, huizen, enz. (aangeb.)", <em>De Telegraaf</em>. 17 maart 1939, avondeditie, p. 20.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9rgkf\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445), inv. nr. 35, Woningkaart Biesboschstraat 59 huis.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>The Van Pels family had several lodgers in the house on Biesboschstraat, and in a newspaper advert in <strong>March '39</strong>, they offered a <em>"Large <strong>Bedsitting room,</strong> ground floor, with fine lodgings for 2 pers.</em>"<sup data-footnote-id=\"qvwrx\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> The first to move in after the advert appeared were Auguste's parents, Leo Röttgen and Rosa Röttgen-Rosenau. The others who lived here, partly previously, were:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Georg Rosenstock and Clothilde Rosenstock-Schmidt (21 July 1938 - 30 January 1939)</li>\r\n\t<li>Amalie Spanier-Marx (5 May 1939 - 10 July 1939)</li>\r\n\t<li>Hans Bachmann (30 June 1939 - 3 October 1939)</li>\r\n\t<li>Sigmund and Jakob Kaufmann (4 July 1939 - 6 May 1940).<sup data-footnote-id=\"9rgkf\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qvwrx\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>"Kamers, huizen, enz. (aangeb.)", <em>De Telegraaf</em>. 17 maart 1939, avondeditie, p. 20.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9rgkf\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445), inv. nr. 35, Woningkaart Biesboschstraat 59 huis.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1938-05-18",
"date_end": "1940-05-06",
"summary": "Here Hermann van Pels was registered with his wife and son from 18 May 1938 to 6 May 1940.",
"summary_nl": "Hier stond Hermann van Pels met vrouw en zoon ingeschreven van 18 mei 1938 tot 6 mei 1940.",
"summary_en": "Here Hermann van Pels was registered with his wife and son from 18 May 1938 to 6 May 1940.",
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"name": "The Van Pels family at Zuider Amstellaan",
"name_nl": "De familie Van Pels op de Zuider Amstellaan",
"name_en": "The Van Pels family at Zuider Amstellaan",
"content": "<p>Hermann van Pels was registered with his family from <strong>6 May 1940</strong> at Zuider Amstellaan 34 II. When he moved from Biesboschstraat, lodgers Jakob and Sigmund Kaufmann moved with him.<sup data-footnote-id=\"g6yan\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Also registered at this address were:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Mozes Maximiliaan van Kreveld (19 August 1940-2 April 1941)</li>\r\n\t<li>Bartha Elizabeth de Vries (27 March 1941-23 November 1945)</li>\r\n\t<li>Andries de Rosa (31 March 1941-21 May 1941).<sup data-footnote-id=\"bcn6a\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>This was a four-room house, furnished with things brought from Germany.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wejmi\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The rent in <strong>1942 </strong>was fifty-five guilders a month, plus twenty for heating.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yyl36\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> The Van Pels family left the house on <strong>13 July 1942</strong>, but the Population Register did not deregister them until <strong>30 December 1942</strong>, with the entry 'V O W' ('Vertrokken Onbekend Waarheen' - Departed, Destination Unknown).</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Homeowner Hilwis had the property cleared on <strong>Friday 30 October 1942</strong>. The house got a new tenant on <strong>1 November</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yyl36\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Miep Gies recounted the emptying of the house in the Secret Annex on the following Monday.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3j7gq\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> In the B-version of her diary, Anne dates this <strong>29 October</strong> and uses the term '<em>ontmeubeld' </em>("the furniture has been removed...")<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"3vnuq\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Hilwis received compensation of 218 guilders and 11 cents for the loss of rent suffered between <strong>1 August and 1 November</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pl1iz\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"g6yan\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaarten H. van Pels, J.S. Kaufmann en S.H. Kaufmann.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bcn6a\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445), inv. nr. 303, Woningkaarten Rooseveltlaan 34 - 34 II.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wejmi\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC) Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_076: Otto Frank aan Elisabeth Späth (i.v.m. schadevergoeding), 7 maart 1961.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yyl36\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Merwedeplein_I_006: Verzoek eigenaar Hilwis aan Het Eigendomsrecht om huurschade te innen bij Liro, ongedateerd.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3j7gq\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 2 November 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3vnuq\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 29 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works.</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pl1iz\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Merwedeplein_I_008, Het Eigendomsrecht aan Hilwis III, 4 december 1942.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Hermann van Pels staat met zijn gezin vanaf <strong>6 mei 1940</strong> op de Zuider Amstellaan 34 II ingeschreven. Bij de verhuizing vanuit de Biesboschstraat verhuisden de kostgangers Jakob en Sigmund Kaufmann mee.<sup bis_size=\"{"x":166,"y":43,"w":12,"h":12,"abs_x":387,"abs_y":1328}\" data-footnote-id=\"g6yan\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Op dit adres stonden verder ingeschreven:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li bis_size=\"{"x":60,"y":77,"w":980,"h":20,"abs_x":281,"abs_y":1362}\">Mozes Maximiliaan van Kreveld (19 augustus 1940-2 april 1941)</li>\r\n\t<li bis_size=\"{"x":60,"y":98,"w":980,"h":20,"abs_x":281,"abs_y":1383}\">Bartha Elizabeth de Vries (27 maart 1941-23 november 1945)</li>\r\n\t<li bis_size=\"{"x":60,"y":119,"w":980,"h":24,"abs_x":281,"abs_y":1404}\">Andries de Rosa (31 maart 1941-21 mei 1941).<sup bis_size=\"{"x":331,"y":121,"w":12,"h":12,"abs_x":552,"abs_y":1406}\" data-footnote-id=\"bcn6a\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Dit was een vierkamerwoning, ingericht met spullen die uit Duitsland zijn meegekomen.<sup bis_size=\"{"x":521,"y":158,"w":12,"h":12,"abs_x":742,"abs_y":1443}\" data-footnote-id=\"wejmi\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Huurprijs bedroeg in <strong>1942</strong> vijfenvijftig gulden per maand, plus twintig voor verwarming.<sup bis_size=\"{"x":1033,"y":158,"w":12,"h":12,"abs_x":1254,"abs_y":1443}\" data-footnote-id=\"yyl36\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> De familie Van Pels verliet de woning op <strong>13 juli 1942</strong>, maar het Bevolkingsregister schreef ze pas uit op <strong>30 december 1942</strong>, met de vermelding 'V O W' (Vertrokken Onbekend Waarheen).</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Huiseigenaar Hilwis liet de woning op vrijdag <strong>30 oktober 1942</strong> ontruimen. De woning kreeg op <strong>1 november</strong> een nieuwe huurder.<sup bis_size=\"{"x":761,"y":216,"w":12,"h":12,"abs_x":982,"abs_y":1501}\" data-footnote-id=\"yyl36\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Miep Gies vertelde de maandag erop in het Achterhuis over het leeghalen van de woning.<sup bis_size=\"{"x":283,"y":240,"w":12,"h":12,"abs_x":504,"abs_y":1525}\" data-footnote-id=\"3j7gq\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> In de B-versie van haar dagboek dateert Anne dit <strong>29 oktober</strong> en gebruikt ze de term '<em>ontmeubeld'</em>.<sup bis_size=\"{"x":863,"y":240,"w":12,"h":12,"abs_x":1084,"abs_y":1525}\" data-footnote-id=\"3vnuq\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Hilwis kreeg een vergoeding van 218 gulden en 11 cent voor de tussen <strong>1 augustus en 1 november</strong> geleden huurschade.<sup bis_size=\"{"x":529,"y":264,"w":12,"h":12,"abs_x":750,"abs_y":1549}\" data-footnote-id=\"pl1iz\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section bis_size=\"{"x":20,"y":299,"w":1060,"h":280,"abs_x":241,"abs_y":1584}\" class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header bis_size=\"{"x":35,"y":316,"w":1030,"h":23,"abs_x":256,"abs_y":1601}\">\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"g6yan\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaarten H. van Pels, J.S. Kaufmann en S.H. Kaufmann.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bcn6a\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445), inv. nr. 303, Woningkaarten Rooseveltlaan 34 - 34 II.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wejmi\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC) Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_076: Otto Frank aan Elisabeth Späth (i.v.m. schadevergoeding), 7 maart 1961.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yyl36\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Merwedeplein_I_006: Verzoek eigenaar Hilwis aan Het Eigendomsrecht om huurschade te innen bij Liro, ongedateerd.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3j7gq\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 2 november 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3vnuq\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek B, 29 oktober 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk.</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pl1iz\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Merwedeplein_I_008, Het Eigendomsrecht aan Hilwis III, 4 december 1942.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Hermann van Pels was registered with his family from <strong>6 May 1940</strong> at Zuider Amstellaan 34 II. When he moved from Biesboschstraat, lodgers Jakob and Sigmund Kaufmann moved with him.<sup data-footnote-id=\"g6yan\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Also registered at this address were:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Mozes Maximiliaan van Kreveld (19 August 1940-2 April 1941)</li>\r\n\t<li>Bartha Elizabeth de Vries (27 March 1941-23 November 1945)</li>\r\n\t<li>Andries de Rosa (31 March 1941-21 May 1941).<sup data-footnote-id=\"bcn6a\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p>This was a four-room house, furnished with things brought from Germany.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wejmi\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The rent in <strong>1942 </strong>was fifty-five guilders a month, plus twenty for heating.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yyl36\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> The Van Pels family left the house on <strong>13 July 1942</strong>, but the Population Register did not deregister them until <strong>30 December 1942</strong>, with the entry 'V O W' ('Vertrokken Onbekend Waarheen' - Departed, Destination Unknown).</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Homeowner Hilwis had the property cleared on <strong>Friday 30 October 1942</strong>. The house got a new tenant on <strong>1 November</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yyl36\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Miep Gies recounted the emptying of the house in the Secret Annex on the following Monday.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3j7gq\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> In the B-version of her diary, Anne dates this <strong>29 October</strong> and uses the term '<em>ontmeubeld' </em>("the furniture has been removed...")<em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"3vnuq\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Hilwis received compensation of 218 guilders and 11 cents for the loss of rent suffered between <strong>1 August and 1 November</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"pl1iz\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"g6yan\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaarten H. van Pels, J.S. Kaufmann en S.H. Kaufmann.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bcn6a\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445), inv. nr. 303, Woningkaarten Rooseveltlaan 34 - 34 II.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wejmi\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC) Otto Frank Archief, reg. code OFA_076: Otto Frank aan Elisabeth Späth (i.v.m. schadevergoeding), 7 maart 1961.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yyl36\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Merwedeplein_I_006: Verzoek eigenaar Hilwis aan Het Eigendomsrecht om huurschade te innen bij Liro, ongedateerd.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3j7gq\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 2 November 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works, </em>transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3vnuq\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version B, 29 October 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works.</em></cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"pl1iz\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Merwedeplein_I_008, Het Eigendomsrecht aan Hilwis III, 4 december 1942.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1940-05-06",
"date_end": "1942-12-30",
"summary": "Hermann van Pels and his family were still registered here for several months after hiding in the Secret Annex on 13 July 1942.",
"summary_nl": "Hermann van Pels en zijn gezin stonden hier nog enkele maanden ingeschreven nadat ze op 13 juli 1942 onderdoken in het Achterhuis.",
"summary_en": "Hermann van Pels and his family were still registered here for several months after hiding in the Secret Annex on 13 July 1942.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
],
"subjects": [
{
"id": 396124506,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627",
"name": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_nl": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_en": "Rivierenbuurt",
"description": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt, die wordt begrensd door de Amstelrivier in het oosten, de Boerenwetering in het westen, het Amstelkanaal in het noorden, en de Zuidelijke Wandelweg in het zuiden. Het maakt deel uit van <em>Plan Zuid</em>, een stedenbouwkundig plan voor Amsterdam-Zuid, dat in het begin van de <strong>20e eeuw</strong> werd ontworpen door de architect H.P Berlage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> bestond uit drie delen: de <em>Apollobuurt</em> en de <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, gericht op welgestelden, middenklasse en arbeidersklasse, en de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, gericht op de middenklasse. Ook een groot deel van de buurt <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> behoort tot het <em>Plan Zuid</em>. In het stedenbouwkundig plan was bedacht dat drie hoofdstraten (de Amstellanen) de buurt in een Y-vorm zouden doorsnijden, en samen zouden komen op het Daniël Willinkplein, een vernoeming naar de Nederlandse schrijver Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Dit waren de Amstellaan (na de oorlog werd dit de Stalinlaan en in <strong>1956</strong>, na de Russische inval in Hongarije, gewijzigd in Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (nu Churchill-laan) en Zuider Amstellaan (nu Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> De overige straatnamen in de buurt werden vernoemd naar Nederlandse rivieren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De woningen in de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> oefenden vanaf het begin van de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Joodse Amsterdammers uit de middenklasse. Qua grootte en voorzieningen staken zij bijzonder gunstig af tegen de kleine, slechte woningen in de overbevolkte Jodenbuurt rond het Waterlooplein. Toch was er in de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> veel leegstand, en daardoor streken ook veel Duitse Joden die vanuit nazi-Duitsland naar Nederland vluchtten, hier neer, waaronder ook de families Frank en Van Pels en een aantal van hun vrienden en kennissen. De immigranten voelden zich thuis in deze buurt met de vele geloofsgenoten. Uiteindelijk woonde in <strong>1940</strong> zo'n 40% van de in Amsterdam wonende Joden in dit deel van de stad.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
"summary_nl": "De Rivierenbuurt is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt waar zich vanaf de jaren dertig veel Joodse inwoners hebben gevestigd.",
"summary_en": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
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"parent": 396124553,
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{
"id": 396124556,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645",
"name": "Accommodation",
"name_nl": "Verblijf",
"name_en": "Accommodation",
"description": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"description_nl": "<p>Onder verblijf wordt verstaan een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.</p>",
"description_en": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"summary": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"summary_nl": "Verblijf is een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.",
"summary_en": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"same_as": null,
"parent": 396124413,
"files": []
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/locaties/da7429b4-b23f-4947-b6d8-e5e6c0f143c3/",
"published": true,
"name": "Van Pels-Röttgen family home | Zuider Amstellaan",
"name_nl": "Woning familie Van Pels-Röttgen | Zuider Amstellaan",
"name_en": "Van Pels-Röttgen family home | Zuider Amstellaan",
"uuid": "da7429b4-b23f-4947-b6d8-e5e6c0f143c3",
"content": "",
"content_nl": "",
"content_en": "",
"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (4.90165 52.34519)",
"summary": "The Van Pels family lived here from 6 May 1940 until they left for the Secret Annex on 13 July 1942.",
"summary_nl": "Hier woont de familie Van Pels van 6 mei 1940 tot hun vertrek naar het Achterhuis op 13 juli 1942.",
"summary_en": "The Van Pels family lived here from 6 May 1940 until they left for the Secret Annex on 13 July 1942.",
"same_as": null,
"street": "Zuider Amstellaan 34 II",
"zipcode": "",
"city": "Amsterdam",
"state": "",
"land": "Nederland",
"location_events": [
107,
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"latitude": "52.34596",
"longitude": "4.89209",
"events": [
{
"id": 74,
"main_image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/13735f32-03c6-4318-b08a-2907ba9976f3/",
"subjects": [
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"persons": [
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"location": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/api/locations/6660d32e-d2b0-468d-b7e7-01ceefc4376d?format=api",
"published": true,
"uuid": "13735f32-03c6-4318-b08a-2907ba9976f3",
"name": "Werthauer family lives in Amsterdam",
"name_nl": "Familie Werthauer woont in Amsterdam",
"name_en": "Werthauer family lives in Amsterdam",
"content": "<p>In <strong>July 1933</strong>, Fritz Martin Werthauer, from Frankfurt am Main, registered with the population register of Amsterdam. Initially he lived in a room on Stadhouderskade.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qs38l\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Shortly after the First World War, he had already lived in Rotterdam for a few months, trading in machines.<sup data-footnote-id=\"u0cgs\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> By <strong>1933 </strong>he was married and the father of a son and a daughter. On <strong>22 November 1933</strong> he and the rest of his family moved into a house on Diezestraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kyxsr\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qs38l\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegang 5422), inv.nr 1652: gezinskaart F.M. Werthauer.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"u0cgs\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gemeentearchief Rotterdam, Archief van de Gemeentesecretarie Rotterdam, afdeling Bevolking: bevolkingsboekhouding van Rotterdam en geannexeerde gemeenten (toegang 494-03), inv. nr. 851-530: gezinskaart F.M. Werthauer.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kyxsr\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegang 30238), inv. nr. 914: archiefkaart Fritz Martin Werthauer. </cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>In <strong>juli 1933</strong> schreef de uit Frankfurt am Main afkomstige Fritz Martin Werthauer zich in bij het bevolkingsregister van Amsterdam. Aanvankelijk bewoonde hij een kamer aan de Stadhouderskade.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qs38l\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Kort na de Eerste Wereldoorlog woonde hij al eens een paar maanden in Rotterdam, en handelde daar in machines.<sup data-footnote-id=\"u0cgs\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Inmiddels was hij getrouwd en vader van een zoon en een dochter. Op <strong>22 november 1933</strong> betrok hij met de rest van zijn gezin een woning aan de Diezestraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kyxsr\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qs38l\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegang 5422), inv.nr 1652: gezinskaart F.M. Werthauer.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"u0cgs\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gemeentearchief Rotterdam, Archief van de Gemeentesecretarie Rotterdam, afdeling Bevolking: bevolkingsboekhouding van Rotterdam en geannexeerde gemeenten (toegang 494-03), inv. nr. 851-530: gezinskaart F.M. Werthauer.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kyxsr\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegang 30238), inv. nr. 914: archiefkaart Fritz Martin Werthauer. </cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>In <strong>July 1933</strong>, Fritz Martin Werthauer, from Frankfurt am Main, registered with the population register of Amsterdam. Initially he lived in a room on Stadhouderskade.<sup data-footnote-id=\"qs38l\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Shortly after the First World War, he had already lived in Rotterdam for a few months, trading in machines.<sup data-footnote-id=\"u0cgs\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> By <strong>1933 </strong>he was married and the father of a son and a daughter. On <strong>22 November 1933</strong> he and the rest of his family moved into a house on Diezestraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"kyxsr\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"qs38l\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Gezinskaarten (toegang 5422), inv.nr 1652: gezinskaart F.M. Werthauer.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"u0cgs\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gemeentearchief Rotterdam, Archief van de Gemeentesecretarie Rotterdam, afdeling Bevolking: bevolkingsboekhouding van Rotterdam en geannexeerde gemeenten (toegang 494-03), inv. nr. 851-530: gezinskaart F.M. Werthauer.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"kyxsr\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegang 30238), inv. nr. 914: archiefkaart Fritz Martin Werthauer. </cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1933-12-22",
"date_end": "1941-04-17",
"summary": "Fritz Martin Werthauer lived in Amsterdam from July 1933 on. On 22 December 1933 he lived with his family at Diezestaat 7, Amsterdam.",
"summary_nl": "Fritz Martin Werthauer woont vanaf juli 1933 in Amsterdam. Op 22 december 1933 woont hij met zijn gezin op Diezestaat 7, Amsterdam.",
"summary_en": "Fritz Martin Werthauer lived in Amsterdam from July 1933 on. On 22 December 1933 he lived with his family at Diezestaat 7, Amsterdam.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
],
"subjects": [
{
"id": 396124506,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627",
"name": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_nl": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_en": "Rivierenbuurt",
"description": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt, die wordt begrensd door de Amstelrivier in het oosten, de Boerenwetering in het westen, het Amstelkanaal in het noorden, en de Zuidelijke Wandelweg in het zuiden. Het maakt deel uit van <em>Plan Zuid</em>, een stedenbouwkundig plan voor Amsterdam-Zuid, dat in het begin van de <strong>20e eeuw</strong> werd ontworpen door de architect H.P Berlage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> bestond uit drie delen: de <em>Apollobuurt</em> en de <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, gericht op welgestelden, middenklasse en arbeidersklasse, en de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, gericht op de middenklasse. Ook een groot deel van de buurt <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> behoort tot het <em>Plan Zuid</em>. In het stedenbouwkundig plan was bedacht dat drie hoofdstraten (de Amstellanen) de buurt in een Y-vorm zouden doorsnijden, en samen zouden komen op het Daniël Willinkplein, een vernoeming naar de Nederlandse schrijver Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Dit waren de Amstellaan (na de oorlog werd dit de Stalinlaan en in <strong>1956</strong>, na de Russische inval in Hongarije, gewijzigd in Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (nu Churchill-laan) en Zuider Amstellaan (nu Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> De overige straatnamen in de buurt werden vernoemd naar Nederlandse rivieren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De woningen in de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> oefenden vanaf het begin van de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Joodse Amsterdammers uit de middenklasse. Qua grootte en voorzieningen staken zij bijzonder gunstig af tegen de kleine, slechte woningen in de overbevolkte Jodenbuurt rond het Waterlooplein. Toch was er in de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> veel leegstand, en daardoor streken ook veel Duitse Joden die vanuit nazi-Duitsland naar Nederland vluchtten, hier neer, waaronder ook de families Frank en Van Pels en een aantal van hun vrienden en kennissen. De immigranten voelden zich thuis in deze buurt met de vele geloofsgenoten. Uiteindelijk woonde in <strong>1940</strong> zo'n 40% van de in Amsterdam wonende Joden in dit deel van de stad.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
"summary_nl": "De Rivierenbuurt is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt waar zich vanaf de jaren dertig veel Joodse inwoners hebben gevestigd.",
"summary_en": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
"same_as": null,
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"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (4.89209 52.34596)",
"summary": "The Werthauer family was reunited in this house in November 1933. Fritz Martin Werthauer - like Otto Frank - initially went ahead alone and lived in a room for some time.",
"summary_nl": "In deze woning werd het gezin Werthauer in november 1933 herenigd. Fritz Martin Werthauer ging - net als Otto Frank - aanvankelijk alleen vooruit en woonde enige tijd op een kamer.",
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"title": "Daniel Willinkplein gezien vanaf de Wolkenkrabber naar het zuidoosten. Rechts nummer 23.",
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"name": "Fritz Pfeffer lives in Amsterdam",
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"name_en": "Fritz Pfeffer lives in Amsterdam",
"content": "<p>He was registered with A. Groen in the Daniël Willinkplein 23-III residence until <strong>19 May 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3lboa\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> It is not known exactly when he came to this address, but it was already listed on the <strong>19 December 1938</strong> list for Hoek van Holland.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o8nxl\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> His fiancée, Charlotte Kaletta, was registered at this address from <strong>29 December 1939</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dy9vj\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3lboa\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, toegang 5225, inv. nr. 4046: vreemdelingenkaart Fritz Pfeffer.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"o8nxl\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, inv. nr. 4312, lijst d.d. 19 december 1938, met de hand gemerkt "HvH 7".</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dy9vj\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, inv. nr. 4171: vreemdelingenkaart M.C. Kaletta.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Fritz Pfeffer stond tot <strong>19 mei 1940</strong> ingeschreven bij A. Groen in de woning Daniël Willinkplein 23-III.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3lboa\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Het is niet precies te achterhalen wanneer hij op dit adres kwam, maar het is al vermeld op de lijst van <strong>19 december 1938 </strong>voor Hoek van Holland.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o8nxl\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Zijn verloofde, Charlotte Kaletta, stond op dit adres vanaf <strong>29 december 1939</strong> ingeschreven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dy9vj\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3lboa\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, toegang 5225, inv. nr. 4046: vreemdelingenkaart Fritz Pfeffer.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"o8nxl\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, inv. nr. 4312, lijst d.d. 19 december 1938, met de hand gemerkt "HvH 7".</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dy9vj\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, inv. nr. 4171: vreemdelingenkaart M.C. Kaletta.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>He was registered with A. Groen in the Daniël Willinkplein 23-III residence until <strong>19 May 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3lboa\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> It is not known exactly when he came to this address, but it was already listed on the <strong>19 December 1938</strong> list for Hoek van Holland.<sup data-footnote-id=\"o8nxl\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> His fiancée, Charlotte Kaletta, was registered at this address from <strong>29 December 1939</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"dy9vj\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3lboa\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, toegang 5225, inv. nr. 4046: vreemdelingenkaart Fritz Pfeffer.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"o8nxl\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, inv. nr. 4312, lijst d.d. 19 december 1938, met de hand gemerkt "HvH 7".</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"dy9vj\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, inv. nr. 4171: vreemdelingenkaart M.C. Kaletta.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1938-12-19",
"date_end": "1942-11-16",
"summary": "Fritz Pfeffer first lived at Daniël Willinkplein. Then, from 19 May 1940 to 17 June 1940, at Rivierenlaan 270 I, where Charlotte Kaletta is also registered, and finally at Bernard Zweerskade 20-III, from 17 June 1940 until he went into hiding.",
"summary_nl": "Fritz Pfeffer woonde eerst aan het Daniël Willinkplein. Daarna, van 19 mei 1940 tot 17 juni 1940, op Rivierenlaan 270 I, waar ook Charlotte Kaletta is ingeschreven, en tenslotte op Bernard Zweerskade 20-III, van 17 juni 1940 tot hij onderduikt.",
"summary_en": "Fritz Pfeffer first lived at Daniël Willinkplein. Then, from 19 May 1940 to 17 June 1940, at Rivierenlaan 270 I, where Charlotte Kaletta is also registered, and finally at Bernard Zweerskade 20-III, from 17 June 1940 until he went into hiding.",
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"name": "Charlotte Kaletta in Amsterdam",
"name_nl": "Charlotte Kaletta in Amsterdam",
"name_en": "Charlotte Kaletta in Amsterdam",
"content": "<p>Like Fritz Pfeffer, she came from Berlin by train. She took up residence at the same address as him and reported to the Aliens Department on <strong>17 January 1939</strong>. From <strong>30 January to 30 March</strong>, she stayed in Berlin again, and from <strong>19 June to 1 July</strong> in Brussels.<sup data-footnote-id=\"oraoz\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> From <strong>15 May 1940</strong>, the day of the capitulation, she was registered at Rivierenlaan.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1wqb7\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oraoz\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, toegang 5225, inv. nr. 4171: Vreemdelingenkaart M.C. Kaletta.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1wqb7\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten, toegang 30238: Archiefkaart C.M. Kaletta.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Zij kwam net als Fritz Pfeffer met de trein uit Berlijn. Ze nam haar intrek op hetzelfde adres als hij en meldde zich op <strong>17 januari 1939</strong> bij de Vreemdelingendienst aan. Van <strong>30 januari tot 30 maart</strong> verbleef ze weer in Berlijn, en van <strong>19 juni tot 1 juli</strong> in Brussel.<sup data-footnote-id=\"oraoz\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Vanaf <strong>15 mei 1940</strong>, de dag van de capitulatie, stond ze ingeschreven op de Rivierenlaan.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1wqb7\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oraoz\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, toegang 5225, inv. nr. 4171: Vreemdelingenkaart M.C. Kaletta.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1wqb7\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten, toegang 30238: Archiefkaart C.M. Kaletta.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Like Fritz Pfeffer, she came from Berlin by train. She took up residence at the same address as him and reported to the Aliens Department on <strong>17 January 1939</strong>. From <strong>30 January to 30 March</strong>, she stayed in Berlin again, and from <strong>19 June to 1 July</strong> in Brussels.<sup data-footnote-id=\"oraoz\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> From <strong>15 May 1940</strong>, the day of the capitulation, she was registered at Rivierenlaan.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1wqb7\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oraoz\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Gemeentepolitie Amsterdam, toegang 5225, inv. nr. 4171: Vreemdelingenkaart M.C. Kaletta.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1wqb7\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten, toegang 30238: Archiefkaart C.M. Kaletta.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1938-12-29",
"date_end": "1986-06-13",
"summary": "On 29 December 1938, Charlotte Kaletta joined Fritz Pfeffer in Amsterdam.",
"summary_nl": "Op 29 december 1938 kwam Charlotte Kaletta naar Fritz Pfeffer in Amsterdam.",
"summary_en": "On 29 December 1938, Charlotte Kaletta joined Fritz Pfeffer in Amsterdam.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
],
"subjects": [
{
"id": 396124506,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627",
"name": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_nl": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_en": "Rivierenbuurt",
"description": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt, die wordt begrensd door de Amstelrivier in het oosten, de Boerenwetering in het westen, het Amstelkanaal in het noorden, en de Zuidelijke Wandelweg in het zuiden. Het maakt deel uit van <em>Plan Zuid</em>, een stedenbouwkundig plan voor Amsterdam-Zuid, dat in het begin van de <strong>20e eeuw</strong> werd ontworpen door de architect H.P Berlage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> bestond uit drie delen: de <em>Apollobuurt</em> en de <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, gericht op welgestelden, middenklasse en arbeidersklasse, en de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, gericht op de middenklasse. Ook een groot deel van de buurt <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> behoort tot het <em>Plan Zuid</em>. In het stedenbouwkundig plan was bedacht dat drie hoofdstraten (de Amstellanen) de buurt in een Y-vorm zouden doorsnijden, en samen zouden komen op het Daniël Willinkplein, een vernoeming naar de Nederlandse schrijver Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Dit waren de Amstellaan (na de oorlog werd dit de Stalinlaan en in <strong>1956</strong>, na de Russische inval in Hongarije, gewijzigd in Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (nu Churchill-laan) en Zuider Amstellaan (nu Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> De overige straatnamen in de buurt werden vernoemd naar Nederlandse rivieren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De woningen in de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> oefenden vanaf het begin van de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Joodse Amsterdammers uit de middenklasse. Qua grootte en voorzieningen staken zij bijzonder gunstig af tegen de kleine, slechte woningen in de overbevolkte Jodenbuurt rond het Waterlooplein. Toch was er in de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> veel leegstand, en daardoor streken ook veel Duitse Joden die vanuit nazi-Duitsland naar Nederland vluchtten, hier neer, waaronder ook de families Frank en Van Pels en een aantal van hun vrienden en kennissen. De immigranten voelden zich thuis in deze buurt met de vele geloofsgenoten. Uiteindelijk woonde in <strong>1940</strong> zo'n 40% van de in Amsterdam wonende Joden in dit deel van de stad.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
"summary_nl": "De Rivierenbuurt is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt waar zich vanaf de jaren dertig veel Joodse inwoners hebben gevestigd.",
"summary_en": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
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"parent": 396124553,
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{
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645",
"name": "Accommodation",
"name_nl": "Verblijf",
"name_en": "Accommodation",
"description": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"description_nl": "<p>Onder verblijf wordt verstaan een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.</p>",
"description_en": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"summary": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"summary_nl": "Verblijf is een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.",
"summary_en": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
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"parent": 396124413,
"files": []
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"name": "Fritz Pfeffer's home | Daniël Willinkplein",
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"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (4.903872 52.345258)",
"summary": "Daniël Willinkplein 23-III was Fritz Pfeffer and Charlotte Kaletta's first address in Amsterdam.",
"summary_nl": "Daniël Willinkplein 23-III is het eerste adres van Fritz Pfeffer en Charlotte Kaletta in Amsterdam.",
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"name": "Otto Frank rooms with Jan and Miep Gies",
"name_nl": "Otto Frank woont in bij Jan en Miep Gies",
"name_en": "Otto Frank rooms with Jan and Miep Gies",
"content": "<p>On <strong>9 and 10 June 1945</strong>, Otto Frank noted in his diary "Move Hunze 120" and "House move".<sup data-footnote-id=\"2kawg\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> At this address lived Fenna Gies, an older sister of Jan Gies. Jan and Miep also moved into Fenna's small home.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ina4r\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> In <strong>August 1945</strong>, Otto wrote to his brothers-in-law Walter and Julius Holländer that they were looking for another home.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8wr6x\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Miep Gies, like Jan, was registered from <strong>1 June 1946</strong> to <strong>21 November 1946</strong> at Hunzestraat 120hs,<sup data-footnote-id=\"e48wh\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> but they had most likely lived here since <strong>mid-June 1945</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>The population register registered Otto at number 120 as of <strong>18 September 1945</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6mi6t\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> In <strong>December</strong> <strong>1945</strong>, he wrote to Jetteke Frijda (a former classmate of Margot Frank at the Municipal Lyceum for Girls): "I live with very dear friends and have an excellent time in every respect as far as care is concerned. We form a sort of family and I am really spoilt." <sup data-footnote-id=\"e38un\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>12 November 1946</strong>, Otto was transferred in the Population Register to Jekerstraat 65-II.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6mi6t\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> In his diary he noted<em> "</em>Jekerstraat" on <strong>15, 16 and 17 November </strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9mw1b\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2kawg\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie, (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA, reg. code OFA_002 : Agendanotities 9 en 10 juni 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ina4r\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445), inv. nr. 139: Woningkaart Hunzestraat 120.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8wr6x\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_073: Brief van Otto aan Julius en Walter Holländer, 20 augustus 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e48wh\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Persoonskaarten (toegangsnummer 30408): Persoonskaart H. Santrouschitz; SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6mi6t\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Otto Frank.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e38un\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_100: Brief van Otto aan Jetteke Frijda, 16 december 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9mw1b\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_003: Agendanotities 15, 16 en 17 november 1946.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Op <strong>9 en 10 juni 1945 </strong>noteerde Otto Frank in zijn agenda <em>Verhuizing Hunze 120' </em>en <em>Verhuizing</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"2kawg\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Op dit adres woonde Fenna Gies, een oudere zus van Jan Gies. Ook Jan en Miep verhuisden naar de kleine woning van Fenna.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ina4r\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> In <strong>augustus 1945</strong> schreef Otto aan zijn zwagers Walter en Julius Holländer dat ze naar een andere woning uitkeken.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8wr6x\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Miep Gies stond, evenals Jan, van <strong>1 juni 1946</strong> tot <strong>21 november 1946</strong> ingeschreven Hunzestraat 120hs,<sup data-footnote-id=\"e48wh\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> maar zij woonden hier zeer waarschijnlijk al sinds medio <strong>juni 1945</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Het bevolkingsregister schreef Otto per <strong>18 september 1945</strong> in op nummer 120.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6mi6t\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> In <strong>december 1945</strong> schreef hij aan Jetteke Frijda (een voormalig klasgenootje van Margot Frank op het Gemeentelijk Lyceum voor Meisjes): ' <em>Ik woon met zeer goede vrienden samen en heb het wat verzorging betreft in elk opzicht uitstekend. We vormen zogenaamd een gezin en ik word echt verwend</em>.' <sup data-footnote-id=\"e38un\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Op <strong>12 november 1946</strong> werd Otto in het Bevolkingsregister overgeschreven naar Jekerstraat 65-II.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6mi6t\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> In zijn agenda noteerde hij op <strong>15, 16 en 17 november </strong><em>Jekerstraat</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9mw1b\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2kawg\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie, (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA, reg. code OFA_002 : Agendanotities 9 en 10 juni 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ina4r\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445), inv. nr. 139: Woningkaart Hunzestraat 120.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8wr6x\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_073: Brief van Otto aan Julius en Walter Holländer, 20 augustus 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e48wh\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Persoonskaarten (toegangsnummer 30408): Persoonskaart H. Santrouschitz; SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6mi6t\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Otto Frank.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e38un\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_100: Brief van Otto aan Jetteke Frijda, 16 december 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9mw1b\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_003: Agendanotities 15, 16 en 17 november 1946.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>On <strong>9 and 10 June 1945</strong>, Otto Frank noted in his diary "Move Hunze 120" and "House move".<sup data-footnote-id=\"2kawg\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> At this address lived Fenna Gies, an older sister of Jan Gies. Jan and Miep also moved into Fenna's small home.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ina4r\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> In <strong>August 1945</strong>, Otto wrote to his brothers-in-law Walter and Julius Holländer that they were looking for another home.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8wr6x\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Miep Gies, like Jan, was registered from <strong>1 June 1946</strong> to <strong>21 November 1946</strong> at Hunzestraat 120hs,<sup data-footnote-id=\"e48wh\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> but they had most likely lived here since <strong>mid-June 1945</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>The population register registered Otto at number 120 as of <strong>18 September 1945</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6mi6t\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> In <strong>December</strong> <strong>1945</strong>, he wrote to Jetteke Frijda (a former classmate of Margot Frank at the Municipal Lyceum for Girls): "I live with very dear friends and have an excellent time in every respect as far as care is concerned. We form a sort of family and I am really spoilt." <sup data-footnote-id=\"e38un\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>On <strong>12 November 1946</strong>, Otto was transferred in the Population Register to Jekerstraat 65-II.<sup data-footnote-id=\"6mi6t\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> In his diary he noted<em> "</em>Jekerstraat" on <strong>15, 16 and 17 November </strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9mw1b\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"2kawg\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie, (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA, reg. code OFA_002 : Agendanotities 9 en 10 juni 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ina4r\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten (toegangsnummer 5445), inv. nr. 139: Woningkaart Hunzestraat 120.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8wr6x\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_073: Brief van Otto aan Julius en Walter Holländer, 20 augustus 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e48wh\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Persoonskaarten (toegangsnummer 30408): Persoonskaart H. Santrouschitz; SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"6mi6t\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart Otto Frank.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e38un\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_100: Brief van Otto aan Jetteke Frijda, 16 december 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9mw1b\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_003: Agendanotities 15, 16 en 17 november 1946.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": "1945-06-09",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "Otto Frank lived with Jan and Miep Gies at 120 Hunzestraat for about a year and a half.",
"summary_nl": "Otto Frank woont ongeveer anderhalf jaar in bij Jan en Miep Gies op Hunzestraat 120.",
"summary_en": "Otto Frank lived with Jan and Miep Gies at 120 Hunzestraat for about a year and a half.",
"same_as": null,
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{
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"id": 1162,
"uuid": "ad060643-9d50-4033-b433-5619bd6fd4a8",
"name": "Bevrijdingsfeesten 28 juni 1945",
"title": "Koningin Wilhelmina bekijkt militaire parade vanaf het balkon van het Koninklijk Paleis op de Dam, Amsterdam, 28 juni 1945",
"alt": "Nederlandsch Christelijk Persbureau. Stadsarchief Amsterdam",
"url": "",
"path": "https://research.annefrank.org/media/OSIM00008002698.jpg",
"filetype": "image",
"description": "https://archief.amsterdam/beeldbank/detail/2a791c30-ef80-f373-9564-4bf40a94b5c1",
"author": "De collectie kan worden ingezet voor het publiek",
"copyright": "Publiek Domein"
},
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/3c99f433-a5cc-4f85-9a4b-3c13ca076019/",
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"name": "Otto Frank reflects on Liberation Day",
"name_nl": "Otto Frank staat stil bij Bevrijdingsdag",
"name_en": "Otto Frank reflects on Liberation Day",
"content": "<p>On <strong>28 June 1945</strong>, Otto Frank noted "Liberation Day" and "Bep with us" in his calendar. <sup data-footnote-id=\"7fehb\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Since <strong>1946</strong>, Liberation Day has been celebrated on <strong>5 May</strong>, but in <strong>1945</strong> liberation celebrations were also organized in various places in Amsterdam between <strong>26 June</strong> and <strong>28 June</strong>. Otto then lived with Jan and Miep Gies in the home of Jan's older sister, Fenna Gies, at Hunzestraat 120. Bep Voskuijl probably visited them that day to reflect on the liberation.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto also noted "Queen" in his calerndar on <strong>28 June</strong>. On the final day of the celebrations, Queen Wilhelmina visited Amsterdam. There was a military parade and parade on Dam Square and Rokin, including floats.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cyjfj\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> It is not clear whether Otto attended these festivities. In her biography of Otto Frank, Carol Ann Lee writes that he spent the day quietly with Miep, Jan and Bep.<sup data-footnote-id=\"q8rbz\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7fehb\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code OFA_001: Agenda Otto Frank 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cyjfj\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nederlands Instituut voor Beeld & Geluid. Dragernummer: DE_BEVRIJDING-FHD00Z049VF (geraadpleegd 16 november 2023).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"q8rbz\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Carol Ann Lee, <em>Het verborgen leven van Otto Frank</em>, Amsterdam: Balans, 2002, p. 179-180.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Op <strong>28 juni 1945</strong> noteerde Otto Frank in zijn agenda <em>Bevrijdingsdag</em> en <em>Bep bij ons</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"a16l5\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Sinds <strong>1946</strong> wordt Bevrijdingsdag op <strong>5 mei</strong> gevierd, maar in <strong>1945</strong> werden er tussen <strong>26 juni en 28 juni</strong> op verschillende plekken in Amsterdam ook bevrijdingsfeesten georganiseerd. Otto woonde toen samen met Jan en Miep Gies bij Jans oudere zus, Fenna Gies op de Hunzestraat 120. Bep Voskuijl kwam die dag waarschijnlijk bij hen langs om stil te staan bij de bevrijding.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto noteerde op <strong>28 juni</strong> in zijn agenda ook <em>Koningin</em>. Op de slotdag van de feesten bracht koningin Wilhelmina een bezoek aan Amsterdam. Op de Dam en het Rokin was er een militaire parade en optocht met onder andere praalwagens.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cyjfj\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Of Otto deze feestelijkheden heeft bijgewoond, is niet zeker. In haar biografie over Otto Frank stelt Carol Ann Lee dat hij de dag rustig doorbracht met Miep, Jan en Bep.<sup data-footnote-id=\"q8rbz\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"a16l5\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_002: Agenda Otto Frank 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cyjfj\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nederlands Instituut voor Beeld & Geluid. Dragernummer: DE_BEVRIJDING-FHD00Z049VF (geraadpleegd 16 november 2023).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"q8rbz\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Carol Ann Lee, <em>Het verborgen leven van Otto Frank</em>, Amsterdam: Balans, 2002, p. 179-180.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>On <strong>28 June 1945</strong>, Otto Frank noted "Liberation Day" and "Bep with us" in his calendar. <sup data-footnote-id=\"7fehb\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Since <strong>1946</strong>, Liberation Day has been celebrated on <strong>5 May</strong>, but in <strong>1945</strong> liberation celebrations were also organized in various places in Amsterdam between <strong>26 June</strong> and <strong>28 June</strong>. Otto then lived with Jan and Miep Gies in the home of Jan's older sister, Fenna Gies, at Hunzestraat 120. Bep Voskuijl probably visited them that day to reflect on the liberation.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto also noted "Queen" in his calerndar on <strong>28 June</strong>. On the final day of the celebrations, Queen Wilhelmina visited Amsterdam. There was a military parade and parade on Dam Square and Rokin, including floats.<sup data-footnote-id=\"cyjfj\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> It is not clear whether Otto attended these festivities. In her biography of Otto Frank, Carol Ann Lee writes that he spent the day quietly with Miep, Jan and Bep.<sup data-footnote-id=\"q8rbz\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"7fehb\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Anne Frank Collectie, reg. code OFA_001: Agenda Otto Frank 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"cyjfj\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Nederlands Instituut voor Beeld & Geluid. Dragernummer: DE_BEVRIJDING-FHD00Z049VF (geraadpleegd 16 november 2023).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"q8rbz\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Carol Ann Lee, <em>Het verborgen leven van Otto Frank</em>, Amsterdam: Balans, 2002, p. 179-180.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1945-06-26",
"date_end": "1945-06-28",
"summary": "Liberation celebrations were organized in Amsterdam between 26 June and 28 June 1945. Otto Frank made a note of this in his diary.",
"summary_nl": "Tussen 26 juni en 28 juni 1945 werden er in Amsterdam Bevrijdingsfeesten georganiseerd. Otto Frank maakte hiervan een notitie in zijn agenda.",
"summary_en": "Liberation celebrations were organized in Amsterdam between 26 June and 28 June 1945. Otto Frank made a note of this in his diary.",
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"uuid": "233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627",
"name": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_nl": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_en": "Rivierenbuurt",
"description": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt, die wordt begrensd door de Amstelrivier in het oosten, de Boerenwetering in het westen, het Amstelkanaal in het noorden, en de Zuidelijke Wandelweg in het zuiden. Het maakt deel uit van <em>Plan Zuid</em>, een stedenbouwkundig plan voor Amsterdam-Zuid, dat in het begin van de <strong>20e eeuw</strong> werd ontworpen door de architect H.P Berlage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> bestond uit drie delen: de <em>Apollobuurt</em> en de <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, gericht op welgestelden, middenklasse en arbeidersklasse, en de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, gericht op de middenklasse. Ook een groot deel van de buurt <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> behoort tot het <em>Plan Zuid</em>. In het stedenbouwkundig plan was bedacht dat drie hoofdstraten (de Amstellanen) de buurt in een Y-vorm zouden doorsnijden, en samen zouden komen op het Daniël Willinkplein, een vernoeming naar de Nederlandse schrijver Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Dit waren de Amstellaan (na de oorlog werd dit de Stalinlaan en in <strong>1956</strong>, na de Russische inval in Hongarije, gewijzigd in Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (nu Churchill-laan) en Zuider Amstellaan (nu Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> De overige straatnamen in de buurt werden vernoemd naar Nederlandse rivieren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De woningen in de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> oefenden vanaf het begin van de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Joodse Amsterdammers uit de middenklasse. Qua grootte en voorzieningen staken zij bijzonder gunstig af tegen de kleine, slechte woningen in de overbevolkte Jodenbuurt rond het Waterlooplein. Toch was er in de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> veel leegstand, en daardoor streken ook veel Duitse Joden die vanuit nazi-Duitsland naar Nederland vluchtten, hier neer, waaronder ook de families Frank en Van Pels en een aantal van hun vrienden en kennissen. De immigranten voelden zich thuis in deze buurt met de vele geloofsgenoten. Uiteindelijk woonde in <strong>1940</strong> zo'n 40% van de in Amsterdam wonende Joden in dit deel van de stad.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
"summary_nl": "De Rivierenbuurt is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt waar zich vanaf de jaren dertig veel Joodse inwoners hebben gevestigd.",
"summary_en": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
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"parent": 396124553,
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"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645",
"name": "Accommodation",
"name_nl": "Verblijf",
"name_en": "Accommodation",
"description": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"description_nl": "<p>Onder verblijf wordt verstaan een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.</p>",
"description_en": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"summary": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"summary_nl": "Verblijf is een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.",
"summary_en": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"same_as": null,
"parent": 396124413,
"files": []
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"name": "Home of Jan and Miep Gies, Hunzestraat 120, Amsterdam",
"name_nl": "Woning Jan en Miep Gies, Hunzestraat 120, Amsterdam",
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"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (4.904523 52.341044)",
"summary": "Miep Gies was registered here from 1 June 1946 to 21 November 1946. This was the home of Jan's sister Fenna. Miep had most likely been living here since mid-June 1945. Jan Gies and Otto Frank also lived with Fenna in the small house.",
"summary_nl": "Miep Gies stond hier van 1 juni 1946 tot 21 november 1946 ingeschreven. Dit is de woning van Jans zuster Fenna. Miep woont hier zeer waarschijnlijk al sinds medio juni 1945. Ook Jan Gies en Otto Frank wonen bij Fenna in de kleine woning.",
"summary_en": "Miep Gies was registered here from 1 June 1946 to 21 November 1946. This was the home of Jan's sister Fenna. Miep had most likely been living here since mid-June 1945. Jan Gies and Otto Frank also lived with Fenna in the small house.",
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"street": "Hunzestraat 120-hs",
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"city": "Amsterdam",
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"name": "Hermine Santrouschitz moves in with Jan Gies",
"name_nl": "Miep Santrouschitz en Jan Gies wonen samen na hun huwelijk",
"name_en": "Hermine Santrouschitz moves in with Jan Gies",
"content": "<p>From <strong>16 July 1941</strong> to <strong>1 June 1946</strong>, Hermine ('Miep') Santrouschitz was registered at Hunzestraat 25hs, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gwnpc\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> This was Miep's first address after the foster parents' home. According to her <em>Herinneringen</em>, she lived here unmarried together with Jan Gies.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y0f0n\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> They lived here with Henderina Stoppelman-van der Reis.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h3v8a\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Her husband had gone to England in <strong>May 1940</strong>, so she rented out rooms. <sup data-footnote-id=\"epkv3\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Otto Frank had pointed out the advertisement to them looking for tenants for these furnished rooms.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yoroc\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Jan Gies had been registered at this address since <strong>4 December 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"eegzc\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Mrs Stoppelman corresponded with her husband in London through the Red Cross. From <strong>6 September 1942,</strong> she wrote as sender next to her name: "c/o J. Gies, Hunzestraat No 25 house".<sup data-footnote-id=\"d2b6j\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> On <strong>4 September 1943</strong>, Max Stoppelman wrote to his father in London: "Address parcels to Gies, otherwise they will be lost."<sup data-footnote-id=\"wacpf\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> On <strong>1 July 1943</strong>, Mrs Stoppelman wrote to her husband with <em>"</em>Mrs J. Gies vd Reis" as the sender <em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"wgvdo\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Mrs Stoppelman also went into hiding during <strong>1942</strong>. A son of the family where she stayed was a student and in turn went into hiding with Jan and Miep in Hunzestraat around <strong>October-November 1942</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ksp06\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gwnpc\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Persoonskaarten (toegangsnummer 30408): Persoonskaart H. Santrouschitz.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y0f0n\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 60.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h3v8a\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten, inv. nr 138: Woningkaart Hunzestraat 25.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"epkv3\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gies & Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank</em>, p 59. Mevrouw Stoppelman heet hier mevrouw Samson.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yoroc\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief, Miep Gies: Interview door Wouter van der Sluis en Janrense Boonstra, 1992, deel 2, p. 4.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"eegzc\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"d2b6j\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit A.S. Cohen: Correspondentieformulier Rode Kruis nr. 179663.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wacpf\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit A.S. Cohen: Corresponentieformulier Rode Kruis, nr. 26102/43, achterzijde.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wgvdo\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit A.S. Cohen: Correspondentieformulier nr. 285603.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ksp06\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Santrouschitz: Transcriptie interview Dienke Hondius, 1989, p. 11. De naam van deze jongen is niet met zekerheid bekend. Mogelijk heette hij Kuno van der Horst.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Van <strong>16 juli 1941</strong> tot <strong>1 juni 1946</strong> stond Hermine (Miep) Santrouschitz ingeschreven op Hunzestraat 25hs, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gwnpc\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Dit was Mieps eerste adres na de pleegouderlijke woning. Volgens haar <em>Herinneringen</em> woonde ze hier ongehuwd samen met Jan Gies.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y0f0n\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Zij woonen hier in bij Henderina Stoppelman-van der Reis.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h3v8a\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Haar man was in <strong>mei 1940</strong> in Engeland terecht gekomen en zij verhuurde daarom kamers. Miep <sup data-footnote-id=\"epkv3\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Otto Frank had hen op de advertentie gewezen waarin huurders voor deze gemeubileerde kamers werden gevraagd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yoroc\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Jan Gies stond op dit adres al vanaf <strong>4 december 1940</strong> ingeschreven.<sup data-footnote-id=\"eegzc\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Mevrouw Stoppelman correspondeerde via het Rode Kruis met haar man in London. Vanaf <strong>6 september 1942</strong> schreef ze als afzender bij haar naam: <em>"p/a J. Gies, Hunzestraat No 25 huis"</em>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"d2b6j\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> Op <strong>4 september 1943</strong> schreef Max Stoppelman aan zijn vader in London: <em>"Pakketjes adresseeren aan Gies, anders gaan ze verloren."</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"wacpf\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Op <strong>1 juli 1943</strong> schreef mevrouw Stoppelman aan haar man met als afzender <em>"Mevr J. Gies vd Reis".</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"wgvdo\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup> </p>\r\n\r\n<p>Mevrouw Stoppelman ging in de loop van <strong>1942</strong> ook onderduiken. Een zoon van de familie waar ze verbleef, was student en dook rond <strong>oktober-november 1942</strong> op zijn beurt onder bij Jan en Miep in de Hunzestraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ksp06\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gwnpc\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Persoonskaarten (toegangsnummer 30408): Persoonskaart H. Santrouschitz.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y0f0n\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 60.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h3v8a\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten, inv. nr 138: Woningkaart Hunzestraat 25.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"epkv3\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gies & Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank</em>, p 59. Mevrouw Stoppelman heet hier mevrouw Samson.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yoroc\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief, Miep Gies: Interview door Wouter van der Sluis en Janrense Boonstra, 1992, deel 2, p. 4.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"eegzc\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"d2b6j\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit A.S. Cohen: Correspondentieformulier Rode Kruis nr. 179663.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wacpf\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit A.S. Cohen: Corresponentieformulier Rode Kruis, nr. 26102/43, achterzijde.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wgvdo\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit A.S. Cohen: Correspondentieformulier nr. 285603.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ksp06\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Santrouschitz: Transcriptie interview Dienke Hondius, 1989, p. 11. De naam van deze jongen is niet met zekerheid bekend. Mogelijk heette hij Kuno van der Horst.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>From <strong>16 July 1941</strong> to <strong>1 June 1946</strong>, Hermine ('Miep') Santrouschitz was registered at Hunzestraat 25hs, Amsterdam.<sup data-footnote-id=\"gwnpc\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> This was Miep's first address after the foster parents' home. According to her <em>Herinneringen</em>, she lived here unmarried together with Jan Gies.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y0f0n\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> They lived here with Henderina Stoppelman-van der Reis.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h3v8a\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Her husband had gone to England in <strong>May 1940</strong>, so she rented out rooms. <sup data-footnote-id=\"epkv3\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Otto Frank had pointed out the advertisement to them looking for tenants for these furnished rooms.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yoroc\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Jan Gies had been registered at this address since <strong>4 December 1940</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"eegzc\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> Mrs Stoppelman corresponded with her husband in London through the Red Cross. From <strong>6 September 1942,</strong> she wrote as sender next to her name: "c/o J. Gies, Hunzestraat No 25 house".<sup data-footnote-id=\"d2b6j\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup> On <strong>4 September 1943</strong>, Max Stoppelman wrote to his father in London: "Address parcels to Gies, otherwise they will be lost."<sup data-footnote-id=\"wacpf\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> On <strong>1 July 1943</strong>, Mrs Stoppelman wrote to her husband with <em>"</em>Mrs J. Gies vd Reis" as the sender <em>.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"wgvdo\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Mrs Stoppelman also went into hiding during <strong>1942</strong>. A son of the family where she stayed was a student and in turn went into hiding with Jan and Miep in Hunzestraat around <strong>October-November 1942</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"ksp06\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"gwnpc\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA), Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Persoonskaarten (toegangsnummer 30408): Persoonskaart H. Santrouschitz.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y0f0n\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Miep Gies & Alison Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank. Het verhaal van Miep Gies, de steun en toeverlaat van de familie Frank in het Achterhuis</em>, Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1987, p. 60.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h3v8a\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Woningkaarten, inv. nr 138: Woningkaart Hunzestraat 25.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"epkv3\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Gies & Leslie Gold, <em>Herinneringen aan Anne Frank</em>, p 59. Mevrouw Stoppelman heet hier mevrouw Samson.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yoroc\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting, Getuigenarchief, Miep Gies: Interview door Wouter van der Sluis en Janrense Boonstra, 1992, deel 2, p. 4.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"eegzc\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>SAA, Dienst Bevolkingsregister, Archiefkaarten (toegangsnummer 30238): Archiefkaart J.A. Gies.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"d2b6j\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit A.S. Cohen: Correspondentieformulier Rode Kruis nr. 179663.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wacpf\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit A.S. Cohen: Corresponentieformulier Rode Kruis, nr. 26102/43, achterzijde.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wgvdo\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Privébezit A.S. Cohen: Correspondentieformulier nr. 285603.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ksp06\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Santrouschitz: Transcriptie interview Dienke Hondius, 1989, p. 11. De naam van deze jongen is niet met zekerheid bekend. Mogelijk heette hij Kuno van der Horst.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": "1941-07-16",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "After their marriage on July 16, 1946, Miep Santrouschitz and Jan Gies lived together.",
"summary_nl": "Na hun huwelijk op 16 juli 1946 woonden Miep Santrouschitz en Jan Gies samen.",
"summary_en": "After their marriage on July 16, 1946, Miep Santrouschitz and Jan Gies lived together.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
},
{
"id": 71,
"main_image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/gebeurtenissen/5db3a57f-942d-49e5-9478-631a0e8ad789/",
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"published": true,
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"name": "Return Otto Frank: back in Amsterdam",
"name_nl": "Terugreis Otto Frank: terug in Amsterdam",
"name_en": "Return Otto Frank: back in Amsterdam",
"content": "<p style=\"text-align:start\">On <strong>3 June 1945</strong>, Otto Frank was brought from Arnhem to Amsterdam by car via Utrecht and Rotterdam. At half past nine in the evening, Otto arrived at the house of Jan and Miep Gies at 25 Hunzestraat, where he learned that both Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman had survived the war.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> After Otto's arrival, Miep went straight to Kleiman, whereupon Kleiman and his wife came to Hunzestraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hcram\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Lotte Kaletta also came to Hunzestraat. Otto noted in his booklet: "What a joy to see us again and how much suffering! A huge relief that everyone was there."<sup data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Kugler is in inverted commas in the notebook. He lived in Hilversum so possibly he was not there in person.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">The next day,<strong> on </strong><strong>4 June 1945</strong>, Otto<strong> </strong>wrote "office" in his diary, so he probably visited the office on Prinsengracht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"snkep\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> It is possible that this was also when he visited the Secret Annexe again for the first time.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">In Amsterdam, Otto continued his search for Anne and Margot, but for a long time he received no news. On <strong>8 June</strong>, for example, he wrote to his mother: "I am writing here from my office and it is all like a grim dream, I cannot yet grasp reality...Where [the children] are, I do not know, but I think of them constantly."<sup data-footnote-id=\"c3o9u\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">On <strong>9 June</strong>, Otto reported back to the Amsterdam police Aliens Department.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tecug\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">On <strong>18 July</strong> <strong>1945</strong>, Otto suffered his second major blow. Looking through a Red Cross list, he saw the names of his two daughters with a cross behind them, which meant they had perished. Not long after, Miep Gies gave him his daughter's diary, which she had kept for Anne for months.<sup data-footnote-id=\"srnp3\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"text-align:start\">\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA) reg. code OFA_002: Agenda Otto Frank 1945, 3 juni.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hcram\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Kleiman: Mededeling J. v.d. Broek-Kleiman, 17 april 2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snkep\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_002: Agenda Otto Frank 1945, 4 juni.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c3o9u\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Origineel citaat: ‘Ich schreibe hier im Büro, es ist alles wie ein schwerer Traum. Ich kann mich in der Wirklichkeit noch nicht zurecht finden […] Wo sie sind, weiss ich nicht und die Gedanke an sie verlässt mich nicht.’ Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Alice Frank-Stern, AlF_corr_10_0029, Otto Frank aan Alice Frank-Stern 8 juni 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tecug\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Archief van de Politie, toegangsnummer 5225, inv. nr. 3929: Vreemdelingenkaart Otto H. Frank.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"srnp3\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bas von Benda Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen, </em>Amsterdam: Querido, 2020, p.<em> </em>310.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>",
"content_nl": "<p style=\"text-align:start\">Op <strong>3 juni 1945 </strong>werd Otto Frank vanuit Arnhem met de auto via Utrecht en Rotterdam naar Amsterdam gebracht. 's avonds om half tien kwam Otto aan bij Jan en Miep Gies op de Hunzestraat 25. Daar hoorde hij dat zowel Victor Kugler als Johannes Kleiman de oorlog hadden overleefd.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Miep ging na de aankomst van Otto direct naar Kleiman, waarop Kleiman en zijn vrouw naar de Hunzestraat kwamen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hcram\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Ook Lotte Kaletta kwam naar de Hunzestraat. Otto noteerde in zijn boekje: ‘<em>Wat een vreugde ons weer te zien en hoeveel leed! Een steen van het hart, dat allen er zijn</em>.’<sup data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Kugler staat in het notieboekje tussen aanhalingstekens. Hij woonde in Hilversum dus mogelijk was hij er in persoon niet bij.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">De volgende dag,<strong> op </strong><strong>4 juni 1945</strong><strong>, schreef</strong> Otto in zijn agenda "kantoor" en bezocht hij dus waarschijnlijk het kantoor aan de Prinsengracht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"snkep\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Mogelijk bezocht hij toen ook voor het eerst weer het Achterhuis.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">In Amsterdam zette Otto zijn zoektocht naar Anne en Margot voort, maar lange tijd kreeg hij geen nieuws. Zo schreef hij op <strong>8 juni</strong> aan zijn moeder: ‘<em>Ik schrijf hier vanuit mijn kantoor en het is allemaal als een akelige droom, ik kan de werkelijkheid nog niet bevatten...Waar [de kinderen] zijn, weet ik niet, maar ik denk voortdurend aan hen</em>.’<sup data-footnote-id=\"c3o9u\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">Op <strong>9 juni </strong>meldde Otto zich weer bij de Vreemdelingendienst van de Amsterdamse politie.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tecug\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">Op <strong>18 juli</strong> <strong>1945 </strong>kreeg Otto uiteindelijk zijn tweede grote slag te verduren. Bij het doornemen van een lijst van het Rode Kruis zag hij de namen van zijn twee dochters met daarachter een kruis, wat betekende dat ze waren omgekomen. Niet lang daarna kreeg hij van Miep Gies het dagboek van zijn dochter, dat zij maandenlang voor Anne had bewaard.<sup data-footnote-id=\"srnp3\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"text-align:start\">\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA) reg. code OFA_002: Agenda Otto Frank 1945, 3 juni.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hcram\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Kleiman: Mededeling J. v.d. Broek-Kleiman, 17 april 2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snkep\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_002: Agenda Otto Frank 1945, 4 juni.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c3o9u\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Origineel citaat: ‘Ich schreibe hier im Büro, es ist alles wie ein schwerer Traum. Ich kann mich in der Wirklichkeit noch nicht zurecht finden […] Wo sie sind, weiss ich nicht und die Gedanke an sie verlässt mich nicht.’ Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Alice Frank-Stern, AlF_corr_10_0029, Otto Frank aan Alice Frank-Stern 8 juni 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tecug\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Archief van de Politie, toegangsnummer 5225, inv. nr. 3929: Vreemdelingenkaart Otto H. Frank.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"srnp3\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bas von Benda Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen, </em>Amsterdam: Querido, 2020, p.<em> </em>310.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>",
"content_en": "<p style=\"text-align:start\">On <strong>3 June 1945</strong>, Otto Frank was brought from Arnhem to Amsterdam by car via Utrecht and Rotterdam. At half past nine in the evening, Otto arrived at the house of Jan and Miep Gies at 25 Hunzestraat, where he learned that both Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman had survived the war.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> After Otto's arrival, Miep went straight to Kleiman, whereupon Kleiman and his wife came to Hunzestraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"hcram\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Lotte Kaletta also came to Hunzestraat. Otto noted in his booklet: "What a joy to see us again and how much suffering! A huge relief that everyone was there."<sup data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Kugler is in inverted commas in the notebook. He lived in Hilversum so possibly he was not there in person.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">The next day,<strong> on </strong><strong>4 June 1945</strong>, Otto<strong> </strong>wrote "office" in his diary, so he probably visited the office on Prinsengracht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"snkep\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> It is possible that this was also when he visited the Secret Annexe again for the first time.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">In Amsterdam, Otto continued his search for Anne and Margot, but for a long time he received no news. On <strong>8 June</strong>, for example, he wrote to his mother: "I am writing here from my office and it is all like a grim dream, I cannot yet grasp reality...Where [the children] are, I do not know, but I think of them constantly."<sup data-footnote-id=\"c3o9u\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">On <strong>9 June</strong>, Otto reported back to the Amsterdam police Aliens Department.<sup data-footnote-id=\"tecug\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:start\">On <strong>18 July</strong> <strong>1945</strong>, Otto suffered his second major blow. Looking through a Red Cross list, he saw the names of his two daughters with a cross behind them, which meant they had perished. Not long after, Miep Gies gave him his daughter's diary, which she had kept for Anne for months.<sup data-footnote-id=\"srnp3\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"text-align:start\">\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j5rsy\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), Otto Frank Archief (OFA) reg. code OFA_002: Agenda Otto Frank 1945, 3 juni.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hcram\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenarchief, Kleiman: Mededeling J. v.d. Broek-Kleiman, 17 april 2009.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snkep\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_002: Agenda Otto Frank 1945, 4 juni.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"c3o9u\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Origineel citaat: ‘Ich schreibe hier im Büro, es ist alles wie ein schwerer Traum. Ich kann mich in der Wirklichkeit noch nicht zurecht finden […] Wo sie sind, weiss ich nicht und die Gedanke an sie verlässt mich nicht.’ Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds, Bazel, Alice Frank-Stern, AlF_corr_10_0029, Otto Frank aan Alice Frank-Stern 8 juni 1945.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"tecug\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Archief van de Politie, toegangsnummer 5225, inv. nr. 3929: Vreemdelingenkaart Otto H. Frank.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"srnp3\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bas von Benda Beckmann, <em>Na het Achterhuis. Anne Frank en de andere onderduikers in de kampen, </em>Amsterdam: Querido, 2020, p.<em> </em>310.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1945-06-03",
"date_end": "1945-07-18",
"summary": "On 3 June 1945, Otto Frank returned to Amsterdam to his friends Jan and Miep Gies. From there he went in search of his daughters. On 18 July, he received the news that his daughters had perished in Bergen-Belsen. Soon after, Miep Gies gave him his daughter Anne's diary.",
"summary_nl": "Op 3 juni 1945 kwam Otto Frank terug in Amsterdam bij zijn vrienden Jan en Miep Gies. Vandaaruit ging hij opzoek naar zijn dochters. Op 18 juli kreeg hij het nieuws dat zijn dochters waren omgekomen in Bergen-Belsen. Snel daarna kreeg hij van Miep Gies het dagboek van zijn dochter Anne.",
"summary_en": "On 3 June 1945, Otto Frank returned to Amsterdam to his friends Jan and Miep Gies. From there he went in search of his daughters. On 18 July, he received the news that his daughters had perished in Bergen-Belsen. Soon after, Miep Gies gave him his daughter Anne's diary.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
],
"subjects": [
{
"id": 396124506,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627",
"name": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_nl": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_en": "Rivierenbuurt",
"description": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt, die wordt begrensd door de Amstelrivier in het oosten, de Boerenwetering in het westen, het Amstelkanaal in het noorden, en de Zuidelijke Wandelweg in het zuiden. Het maakt deel uit van <em>Plan Zuid</em>, een stedenbouwkundig plan voor Amsterdam-Zuid, dat in het begin van de <strong>20e eeuw</strong> werd ontworpen door de architect H.P Berlage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> bestond uit drie delen: de <em>Apollobuurt</em> en de <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, gericht op welgestelden, middenklasse en arbeidersklasse, en de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, gericht op de middenklasse. Ook een groot deel van de buurt <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> behoort tot het <em>Plan Zuid</em>. In het stedenbouwkundig plan was bedacht dat drie hoofdstraten (de Amstellanen) de buurt in een Y-vorm zouden doorsnijden, en samen zouden komen op het Daniël Willinkplein, een vernoeming naar de Nederlandse schrijver Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Dit waren de Amstellaan (na de oorlog werd dit de Stalinlaan en in <strong>1956</strong>, na de Russische inval in Hongarije, gewijzigd in Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (nu Churchill-laan) en Zuider Amstellaan (nu Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> De overige straatnamen in de buurt werden vernoemd naar Nederlandse rivieren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De woningen in de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> oefenden vanaf het begin van de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Joodse Amsterdammers uit de middenklasse. Qua grootte en voorzieningen staken zij bijzonder gunstig af tegen de kleine, slechte woningen in de overbevolkte Jodenbuurt rond het Waterlooplein. Toch was er in de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> veel leegstand, en daardoor streken ook veel Duitse Joden die vanuit nazi-Duitsland naar Nederland vluchtten, hier neer, waaronder ook de families Frank en Van Pels en een aantal van hun vrienden en kennissen. De immigranten voelden zich thuis in deze buurt met de vele geloofsgenoten. Uiteindelijk woonde in <strong>1940</strong> zo'n 40% van de in Amsterdam wonende Joden in dit deel van de stad.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
"summary_nl": "De Rivierenbuurt is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt waar zich vanaf de jaren dertig veel Joodse inwoners hebben gevestigd.",
"summary_en": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
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"parent": 396124553,
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{
"id": 396124556,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "d7ba8d2c-3824-4286-96da-1af0f02ba645",
"name": "Accommodation",
"name_nl": "Verblijf",
"name_en": "Accommodation",
"description": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"description_nl": "<p>Onder verblijf wordt verstaan een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.</p>",
"description_en": "<p>Accommodation refers to a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.</p>",
"summary": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"summary_nl": "Verblijf is een plek om te wonen en/of te werken, tijdelijk of permanent.",
"summary_en": "Accommodation is a place in which to live and/or work, either temporarily or permanently.",
"same_as": null,
"parent": 396124413,
"files": []
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"name": "Home of Jan and Miep Gies, Hunzestraat 25, Amsterdam",
"name_nl": "Woning Jan en Miep Gies, Hunzestraat 25, Amsterdam",
"name_en": "Home of Jan and Miep Gies, Hunzestraat 25, Amsterdam",
"uuid": "0ccf3db9-1774-4848-ad11-627e3fc64cea",
"content": "<p>Hunzestraat 25hs, Amsterdam.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Jan Gies was registered at this address from <strong>4 December 1940</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Miep was registered here from <strong>16 July 1941 to 1 June 1946</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>This was Miep's first address after her foster parents' home. According to her memoir <em>Herinneringen</em>, she lived here unmarried with Jan. They lived here with Henderina Stoppelman-van der Reis. Her husband had gone to England in <strong>May 1940</strong>, so she rented out rooms.</li>\r\n\t<li>Otto Frank had pointed them to the advertisement looking for tenants for these furnished rooms.</li>\r\n\t<li>On <strong>3 June 1945</strong>, Otto Frank arrived at 25 Hunzestraat.</li>\r\n\t<li>On <strong>9-10 June 1945,</strong> Otto Frank moved with Jan and Miep Gies to Hunzestraat 120, the home of Jan Gies' sister Fenna Gies.</li>\r\n</ul>",
"content_nl": "<p>Hunzestraat 25hs, Amsterdam.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Jan Gies stond op dit adres al vanaf <strong>4 december 1940</strong> ingeschreven. </li>\r\n\t<li>Miep stond hier van <strong>16 juli 1941 tot 1 juni 1946</strong> ingeschreven.</li>\r\n\t<li>Dit was Mieps eerste adres na de pleegouderlijke woning. Volgens haar <em>Herinneringen</em> woonde ze hier ongehuwd met Jan samen. Zij woonden hier in bij Henderina Stoppelman-van der Reis. Haar man was in <strong>mei 1940</strong> in Engeland terecht gekomen en zij verhuurde daarom kamers. </li>\r\n\t<li>Otto Frank had hen op de advertentie gewezen waarin huurders voor deze gemeubileerde kamers werden gevraagd.</li>\r\n\t<li>Op <strong>3 juni 1945</strong> kwam Otto Frank aan op de Hunzestraat 25.</li>\r\n\t<li>Op <strong>9-10 juni 1945</strong> verhuisde Otto Frank samen met Jan en Miep Gies naar Hunzestraat 120, de woning van Jan Gies' zus Fenna Gies.</li>\r\n</ul>",
"content_en": "<p>Hunzestraat 25hs, Amsterdam.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Jan Gies was registered at this address from <strong>4 December 1940</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>Miep was registered here from <strong>16 July 1941 to 1 June 1946</strong>.</li>\r\n\t<li>This was Miep's first address after her foster parents' home. According to her memoir <em>Herinneringen</em>, she lived here unmarried with Jan. They lived here with Henderina Stoppelman-van der Reis. Her husband had gone to England in <strong>May 1940</strong>, so she rented out rooms.</li>\r\n\t<li>Otto Frank had pointed them to the advertisement looking for tenants for these furnished rooms.</li>\r\n\t<li>On <strong>3 June 1945</strong>, Otto Frank arrived at 25 Hunzestraat.</li>\r\n\t<li>On <strong>9-10 June 1945,</strong> Otto Frank moved with Jan and Miep Gies to Hunzestraat 120, the home of Jan Gies' sister Fenna Gies.</li>\r\n</ul>",
"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (4.90509 52.344345)",
"summary": "Jan and Miep Gies lived here from July 1941 to June 1945.",
"summary_nl": "Hier woonden van Jan en Miep Gies van juli 1941 tot juni 1945.",
"summary_en": "Jan and Miep Gies lived here from July 1941 to June 1945.",
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"name": "Onderzoeksverslag Zesde Montessorischool",
"title": "Niet doen wat je wilt, maar willen wat je doet.",
"alt": "Gertjan Broek - Anne Frank Stichting.",
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"description": "Verslag van onderzoek naar de Zesde Montessorischool en Anne Frank.",
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"name": "010009011134",
"title": "Niersstraat 41, Zesde Montessorischool, 1936",
"alt": "Vervaardiger: Dienst Publieke Werken. Beeldbank Stadsarchief Amsterdam.",
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"name": "Anne Frank and Hanneli Goslar friends in kindergarten",
"name_nl": "Anne Frank en Hanneli Goslar klasgenootjes op de kleuterschool",
"name_en": "Anne Frank and Hanneli Goslar friends in kindergarten",
"content": "<p>After the summer vacation of <strong>1934</strong>, Hanneli Goslar came to the kindergarten on Niersstraat. She did not know anyone there. At the bell table, she met Anne, who had been at the school since April that year.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3ndj6\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> She had seen Anne once before in a shop. They embraced and struck up a friendship without words: "From that day on, we were friends, and through us, our parents became friends, too."<sup data-footnote-id=\"93sgs\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3ndj6\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie, A_Montessorischool_I_0001: leerlingenregister School No. 51, volgnrs. 190 en 308. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"93sgs\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenverhalen I: interview met H.E. Pick – Goslar door David de Jongh en Teresien da Silva, Jeruzalem, 6 mei 2009, tijdcode 15:47:39 – 15:49:35. </cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Direct na de zomervakantie van <strong>1934 </strong>kwam Hanneli Goslar naar de kleuterschool aan de Niersstraat. Zij kwam daar nieuw en onbekend binnen. Bij de bellentafel zag zij Anne staan, die al sinds april op de school zat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3ndj6\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Ze had Anne een keer eerder gezien in een winkel. Nu omarmden ze elkaar en sloten zonder woorden vriendschap: “Vanaf die dag waren we vriendinnen, en door ons ook onze ouders.”<sup data-footnote-id=\"93sgs\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3ndj6\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie, A_Montessorischool_I_0001: leerlingenregister School No. 51, volgnrs. 190 en 308. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"93sgs\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenverhalen I: interview met H.E. Pick – Goslar door David de Jongh en Teresien da Silva, Jeruzalem, 6 mei 2009, tijdcode 15:47:39 – 15:49:35. </cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>After the summer vacation of <strong>1934</strong>, Hanneli Goslar came to the kindergarten on Niersstraat. She did not know anyone there. At the bell table, she met Anne, who had been at the school since April that year.<sup data-footnote-id=\"3ndj6\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> She had seen Anne once before in a shop. They embraced and struck up a friendship without words: "From that day on, we were friends, and through us, our parents became friends, too."<sup data-footnote-id=\"93sgs\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"3ndj6\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie, A_Montessorischool_I_0001: leerlingenregister School No. 51, volgnrs. 190 en 308. </cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"93sgs\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, Getuigenverhalen I: interview met H.E. Pick – Goslar door David de Jongh en Teresien da Silva, Jeruzalem, 6 mei 2009, tijdcode 15:47:39 – 15:49:35. </cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": "1934-09-03",
"date_start": null,
"date_end": null,
"summary": "As soon as Anne Frank and Hanneli Goslar met in kindergarten, they were best friends.",
"summary_nl": "Zodra Anne Frank en Hanneli Goslar elkaar ontmoeten op de kleuterschool zijn ze elkaars vrienden.",
"summary_en": "As soon as Anne Frank and Hanneli Goslar met in kindergarten, they were best friends.",
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"name": "Anne Frank at the Sixth Montessori School",
"name_nl": "Anne Frank op de Zesde Montessorischool",
"name_en": "Anne Frank at the Sixth Montessori School",
"content": "<p>Anne Frank attended the Sixth Montessori School in Amsterdam from school year <strong>1935-36</strong> until school year <strong>1940-41</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Edith wrote to Gertrud Naumann on <strong>26 March 1935</strong>: '<em>Denk dir: heute muss ich Anne für die Schule anmelden; sie wird wohl weiter in der Montessori Schule bleiben.'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"k506q\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Later she writes: '<em>Anne kommt erst im August in die Schule.'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"hzxe9\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> The date of Anne's admission to the 6th Montessori School was <strong>16 August 1935</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8qoa8\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> She was placed in class 1B with Mr. Van Gelder. He remained Anne's teacher up to and including the fourth grade. In the fifth grade (<strong>1939</strong>-<strong> '40</strong>) she was with Miss Godron and in class 6A<strong> (1940-'41</strong>) with Mrs. Kuperus.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In school year <strong>1940-'41</strong> Anne wrote to her grandmother: '<em>Master has been away from school for two years now, this year I am in Mrs Kuperus's class (...)</em>'. <sup data-footnote-id=\"ak5bk\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> In her diary, Anne wrote about Mrs. Kuperus in <strong>1942</strong>: '<em>In sixth grade my teacher was Mrs. Kuperus, the principal</em>'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"zomaw\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> The date Anne was deregistered was <strong>27 September 1941</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8qoa8\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank later wrote to Mrs Kuperus: 'Anne was a real Montessori child'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"oi2wz\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> In <strong>1968</strong> Otto Frank wrote: 'For Anne it was good that she attended a Montessori school, where each pupil was treated very individually'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t313h\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Due to the Montessori system, the composition of the classes changed. According to the information from the Parents' Fund, Anne had the following classmates in the various classes:<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>1935-1936</strong>, class <strong>1B</strong> with Mr Van Gelder.<br />\r\nLia v/d Ancker, Bob Arnoldy, Martha v./d. Berg, Mary Distelbrink, Bob Gatersleben (deleted: left school), Lily van Gelder, Elis Goslar, Johnny Groenevelt, Sylvia Groot, Guusta Holzhausen, Sally Kimmel, Suze Koker (deleted: left school), Jo Kolthek, Leo Kramer, Ruth Langendijk (deleted: left school), Willy Lansink, Freetje de Leeuw, Jaap de Leeuw, Rijk Loek, Gerda Moes, Peter Neuhaus, Bob Overre, Sally Philipse, Betty Polk, Jacq. v. Praag, Greta Prette, Willy Reiman (deleted), A. Reiner, Alex. Schaap, Willy Smits, Rie Swillens, Lettie Tielkemeyer, Loesje Werdick, Sonja Vugts, Els Wachenhausen, Renée Weber, Benny Weiss, Paula Ovink.<sup data-footnote-id=\"53thu\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>1936-1937</strong>, class 2<strong>B</strong> with Mr Van Gelder.<br />\r\nL. v.d. Ancker, R. Arnoldy, M. Berg, D. Bouma, L. van Dijk, K. Egyedi, C. van Gelder, R. van Gelderen, E. Goslar, J. Groeneveld, F. de Groot, R. Hannes, S. Kimel, S. Krieg, H. Lansink, J. de Leeuw, J. Looy (deleted: left school), R. Loek, G. Moes, S. Mug, B. de Muinck Keizer, E. Mulder, C. Muller, R. Müller, P. Neuhaus, Y. v Ommen (deleted B. Overre), P. Ovink, S. Philipse, A. Reiner, M. de Ruiter, H. Scholten, J. Soutendijk, J. Scholtz, J. Saltiel, L. Strakkee, R. Swillens, S. Tak, L. Verdickt, H. Vreugde, S. Vught (deleted: left school), Ebie Jekel.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wjnsq\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>1937-1938</strong>, class 3<strong>B</strong> with Mr Van Gelder.<br />\r\nDinie Amelsbeek, Lia van den Ancker, Corrie Bouwmeester, Liesje Brilleman Annie v.d. Broek, Nellie Davidson, Vera Frank, Jopie Fuchs Lily van Gelder, John Groeneveld, Bep Groot Battavé, Gerrie Hildering Paultje Jacobs, Juultje Ketellapper, Rudi Kolthek, Hetty Lansink, Chelly Metzelaar, Ella Mulder, Yvonne van Ommen (deleted), Paula Ovink, Sally Philipse, Magda de Ruiter, Izaäk Slösser, Gerrie v.d. Vegte, Loesje Verdickt, Robbie Arnoly, Martha van den Berg, Mary Bos, Lucy van Dijk, Käthe Egyedi, Liesbeth Goslar, Sally Kimel, Jaap de Leeuw, Loek Rijk, Gerda Moes, Peter Neuhaus, Appie Reiner, Rietje Swillens, Dick Bouma, Freetje de Groot, Robbie Hannes, Ebie Jekel, Sonja Mug, Hans Scholten, Jo Sealtiel, Leo Strackee.<sup data-footnote-id=\"g7tuf\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>1938-1939</strong>, class 4<strong>B</strong> with Mr Van Gelder./Miss Godron<br />\r\nSelma Agsteribbe, Diny Amelsbeek, Lia van den Ancker, Bob Arnoldy, Martha v/d Berg, Mary Bos, D.Bouma, Corrie Bouwmeester, L.Brilleman, Annie v/d Broeke (deleted), Nelly Davidson, Lucy van Dijk, Käthe Egyedi, Vera Frank, Lily van Gelder, Elisab. Goslar, Johnny Groenevelt, F. de Groot, Bep van Groot Battavé, R. Hannes, Gerrie Hildering, E. Jekel, Juultje Ketellapper, Sally Kimmel, Rudi Kolthek, Willy Lansink, Jaap de Leeuw, Rijk Loek, Gerda Moes, Sonja Mug, Elly Mulder, Peter Neuhaus, Paula Ovink, Sally Philipse, A. Reiner, Magda de Ruiter, B. Scholten, Jo Sealtiel, Izaäk Slösser, Leo Strackee, Rie Swillens, Gerrie v/d Vegte, Loesje Verdick.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jypil\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>1939-1940</strong>, class 5<strong>B</strong> with Miss Godron.<br />\r\nB. Arnoldy, M van de Berg, M. Bos, D. Bouma, C. Bouwmeester, L. Brilleman, L. van Dijk, K. Egyedi, W. Engel, V. Frank, E. Goslar, F. de Groot (deleted: no longer able to pay), B. Groot Battavé, R. Hannes, G. Hildering, E. Jekel, S. Kimmel, F. Kolthek, A. Knebel (deleted: moved at the end of June), R. Kolthek, J. de Leeuw, W. Leyten, R. Loek, G. Moes, S. Mug, P. Neuhaus, A. Reiner, L. Rustenburg, R. Salomons, H. Scheerder, J. Schlösser, H. Scholten, J. Scholtz, J. Sealtiel, L. Strackee, R. Swillens, L. Verdickt, J. Wiegel, D. Witjas (left 13/10).<sup data-footnote-id=\"5exmf\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>1940-1941</strong>, class 6A with Miss Kuperus<br />\r\nS. Agsteribbe, D. Amelsbeek, B. Arnoldy, L. Bakker (deleted) , W. Basz, W. Blauw, H. Bomers, C. Bouwmeester, L. Brilleman, A. Coppenhagen, M. Coster, A. Eering, K. Egyedi, V. Frank, E. Goslar, R. de Graaf, J. Groenevelt, B. de Groot Battavé, G. Hildering, R. van Gelderen, B. Janssen, J. Kolthek, I. Koopman, S. Krieg, J. de Leeuw, E. Lentz, L. de Levie, H. Maas, R. Metzelaar, G. Mittelmeijer, G. Moes, R. Muller, K. Musikant, L. Nijssen, A. Pachter, S. Philipse, E. Polak, R. Polak, K. Slaterus, J. Slosser, J. Soutendijk, T. Steen, H. Stork, Rie Swillens, G. van der Vegte, C. Westera S. Windt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j3636\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nThere is a photo of Anne's class with the caption <em>1936 in Mr Van Gelder's class</em><em>. </em>There is also a photo of Anne in Van Gelder's class from <strong>1938</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yu2i4\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup> There is also a photo of Anne together with Miss Godron, Martha van de Berg and Rebecca Salomons.<sup data-footnote-id=\"chc1x\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k506q\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Getuigen_I_090: Edith Frank aan Gertrud Naumann, 26 maart 1935.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hzxe9\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_getuigen_I_119: Edith Frank aan Gertrud Naumann, gedateerd 'Freitag'.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8qoa8\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_002: Inschrijvingsregister Montessorischool, volgnummer 109.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ak5bk\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds (AFF), Bazel, Alice Frank, AFF_Alf_corr_18: Anne Frank aan Alice Frank, ongedateerd.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zomaw\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 15 June 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>; transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oi2wz\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_100: H.A.M. Kuperus aan Otto Frank (n.a.v. de schenking exemplaar van <em>Het Achterhuis</em>), juni 1947.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t313h\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_070: Bitte schreiben Sie mir etwas über Anne Frank.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"53thu\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_036: Cash ledger of the Parents' Fund, Class 1B 1935-'3.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wjnsq\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_037: Ouderfonds Klasse B 1936-'37.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"g7tuf\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_038: Ouderfonds Klasse B 1937-'38.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jypil\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_039: Ouderfonds Klasse B 1938-'39.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5exmf\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_040: Ouderfonds Klasse B 1939-'40.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j3636\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_027: Ouderfonds Klasse A 1940-'41.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yu2i4\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_A_Frank_III_055: Fotoalbum van Anne Frank ("Blanco Electro Monster Huishoudboek 1937"), nr. 30; AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_III_002, nr. 004.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"chc1x\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_A_Frank_III_055: Fotoalbum van Anne Frank ("Blanco Electro Monster Huishoudboek 1937"), nr. 40.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>Anne Frank zat van het schooljaar <strong>1935-36</strong> tot en met het schooljaar <strong>1940-41</strong> op de Zesde Montessorieschool te Amsterdam.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Edith schreef aan Gertrud Naumann op <strong>26 maart 1935</strong>: <em>Denk dir: heute muss ich Anne für die Schule anmelden; sie wird wohl weiter in der Montessori Schule bleiben.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"k506q\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Later schrijft ze: <em>Anne kommt erst im August in die Schule.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"hzxe9\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Op <strong>16 augustus 1935</strong> was de dagtekening van Annes toelating op de 6e Montessorischool.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8qoa8\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> Ze kwam in klas 1B bij mijnheer Van Gelder. Hij bleef tot en met de vierde klas Annes meester. In de vijfde klas (`<strong>1939-‘40</strong>) zat ze bij juffrouw Godron en in klas 6A (<strong>1940-’41</strong>) bij mevrouw Kuperus.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In het schooljaar <strong>1940-'41</strong> scheef Anne aan haar Oma: <em>Meester is nu al twee jaar van school af, nu dit jaar ben ik bij Mevrouw Kuperus (…).</em> <sup data-footnote-id=\"ak5bk\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> In haar dagboek schrijft Anne in <strong>1942</strong> over mevrouw Kuperus: '<em>(...) kwam ik in 6C bij mevrouw Kuperus de directrice terecht, wij hielden een hartroerend afscheid aan het einde van het schooljaar (...).'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"zomaw\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Dagtekening van Annes uitschrijving was <strong>27 september 1941</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8qoa8\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank schreef later aan mevrouw Kuperus: <em>Anne was een echt Montessori-kind.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"oi2wz\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> In <strong>1968</strong> schreef Otto Frank: <em>Voor Anne was het goed dat ze een Montessorischool bezocht, waar elke leerling heel individueel werd behandeld.</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"t313h\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Door het Montessorisysteem wisselden de klassen van samenstelling. Anne had volgens de gegevens van het ouderfonds in de diverse klassen de volgende klasgenootjes:<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>1935-1936</strong>, klas <strong>1B</strong> bij meneer van Gelder.<br />\r\nLia v/d Ancker, Bob Arnoldy, Martha v./d. Berg, Mary Distelbrink, Bob Gatersleben (doorgehaald: van school), Lily van Gelder, Elis Goslar, Johnny Groenevelt, Sylvia Groot, Guusta Holzhausen, Sally Kimmel, Suze Koker (doorgehaald: van school), Jo Kolthek, Leo Kramer, Ruth Langendijk (doorgehaald: van school), Willy Lansink, Freetje de Leeuw, Jaap de Leeuw, Rijk Loek, Gerda Moes, Peter Neuhaus, Bob Overre, Sally Philipse, Betty Polk, Jacq. v. Praag, Greta Prette, Willy Reiman (doorgehaald), A. Reiner, Alex. Schaap, Willy Smits, Rie Swillens, Lettie Tielkemeyer, Loesje Werdick, Sonja Vugts, Els Wachenhausen, Renée Weber, Benny Weiss, Paula Ovink.<sup data-footnote-id=\"y2uda\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>1936-1937</strong>, klas 2B bij meneer van Gelder.<br />\r\nL. v.d. Ancker, R. Arnoldy, M. Berg, D. Bouma, L. van Dijk, K. Egyedi, C. van Gelder, R. van Gelderen, E. Goslar, J. Groeneveld, F. de Groot, R. Hannes, S. Kimel, S. Krieg, H. Lansink, J. de Leeuw, J. Looy (doorgehaald: van school), R. Loek, G. Moes, S. Mug, B. de Muinck Keizer, E. Mulder, C. Muller, R. Müller, P. Neuhaus, Y. v Ommen (doorgehaald B. Overre), P. Ovink, S. Philipse, A. Reiner, M. de Ruiter, H. Scholten, J. Soutendijk, J. Scholtz, J. Saltiel, L. Strakkee, R. Swillens, S. Tak, L. Verdickt, H. Vreugde, S. Vught (doorgehaald: van school), Ebie Jekel.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wjnsq\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>1937-1938</strong>, klas <strong>3B</strong> bij meneer van Gelder.<br />\r\nDinie Amelsbeek, Lia van den Ancker, Corrie Bouwmeester, Liesje Brilleman, Annie v.d. Broek, Nellie Davidson, Vera Frank, Jopie Fuchs Lily van Gelder, John Groeneveld, Bep Groot Battavé, Gerrie Hildering Paultje Jacobs, Juultje Ketellapper, Rudi Kolthek, Hetty Lansink, Chelly Metzelaar, Ella Mulder, Yvonne van Ommen (doorgehaald), Paula Ovink, Sally Philipse, Magda de Ruiter, Izaäk Slösser, Gerrie v.d. Vegte, Loesje Verdickt, Robbie Arnoly, Martha van den Berg, Mary Bos, Lucy van Dijk, Käthe Egyedi, Liesbeth Goslar, Sally Kimel, Jaap de Leeuw, Loek Rijk, Gerda Moes, Peter Neuhaus, Appie Reiner, Rietje Swillens, Dick Bouma, Freetje de Groot, Robbie Hannes, Ebie Jekel, Sonja Mug, Hans Scholten, Jo Sealtiel, Leo Strackee.<sup data-footnote-id=\"g7tuf\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>1938-1939</strong>, klas 4B, meneer van Gelder/juffrouw Godron<br />\r\nSelma Agsteribbe, Diny Amelsbeek, Lia van den Ancker, Bob Arnoldy, Martha v/d Berg, Mary Bos, D.Bouma, Corrie Bouwmeester, L.Brilleman, Annie v/d Broeke (doorgehaald), Nelly Davidson, Lucy van Dijk, Käthe Egyedi, Vera Frank, Lily van Gelder, Elisab. Goslar, Johnny Groenevelt, F. de Groot, Bep van Groot Battavé, R. Hannes, Gerrie Hildering, E. Jekel, Juultje Ketellapper, Sally Kimmel, Rudi Kolthek, Willy Lansink, Jaap de Leeuw, Rijk Loek, Gerda Moes, Sonja Mug, Elly Mulder, Peter Neuhaus, Paula Ovink, Sally Philipse, A. Reiner, Magda de Ruiter, B. Scholten, Jo Sealtiel, Izaäk Slösser, Leo Strackee, Rie Swillens, Gerrie v/d Vegte, Loesje Verdick.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jypil\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>1939-1940</strong>, klas 5B bij juffrouw Godron.<br />\r\nB. Arnoldy, M van de Berg, M. Bos, D. Bouma, C. Bouwmeester, L. Brilleman, L. van Dijk, K. Egyedi, W. Engel, V. Frank, E. Goslar, F. de Groot (doorgehaald, kan niet meer betalen), B. Groot Battavé, R. Hannes, G. Hildering, E. Jekel, S. Kimmel, F. Kolthek, A. Knebel (doorgehaald, eind juni verhuisd), R. Kolthek, J. de Leeuw, W. Leyten, R. Loek, G. Moes, S. Mug, P. Neuhaus, A. Reiner, L. Rustenburg, R. Salomons, H. Scheerder, J. Schlösser, H. Scholten, J. Scholtz, J. Sealtiel, L. Strackee, R. Swillens, L. Verdickt, J. Wiegel, D. Witjas (weggegaan 13/10).<sup data-footnote-id=\"5exmf\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>1940-1941</strong>, klas 6A bij mevrouw Kuperus<br />\r\nS. Agsteribbe, D. Amelsbeek, B. Arnoldy, L. Bakker (doorgehaald) , W. Basz, W. Blauw, H. Bomers, C. Bouwmeester, L. Brilleman, A. Coppenhagen, M. Coster, A. Eering, K. Egyedi, V. Frank, E. Goslar, R. de Graaf, J. Groenevelt, B. de Groot Battavé, G. Hildering, R. van Gelderen, B. Janssen, J. Kolthek, I. Koopman, S. Krieg, J. de Leeuw, E. Lentz, L. de Levie, H. Maas, R. Metzelaar, G. Mittelmeijer, G. Moes, R. Muller, K. Musikant, L. Nijssen, A. Pachter, S. Philipse, E. Polak, R. Polak, K. Slaterus, J. Slosser, J. Soutendijk, T. Steen, H. Stork, Rie Swillens, G. van der Vegte, C. Westera S. Windt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j3636\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nEr is een foto van de klas van Anne met het bijschrift <em>1936. bij mijnh. v. Gelder. Ook </em>is er een foto van Anne in de klas van Van Gelder uit <strong>1938</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yu2i4\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup> Verder is er ook een foto van Anne samen met juffrouw Godron, Martha v/d Berg en Rebecca Salomons.<sup data-footnote-id=\"chc1x\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k506q\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Getuigen_I_090: Edith Frank aan Gertrud Naumann, 26 maart 1935.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hzxe9\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_getuigen_I_119: Edith Frank aan Gertrud Naumann, gedateerd 'Freitag'.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8qoa8\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_002: Inschrijvingsregister Montessorischool, volgnummer 109.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ak5bk\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds (AFF), Bazel, Alice Frank, AFF_Alf_corr_18: Anne Frank aan Alice Frank, ongedateerd.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zomaw\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 15 juni 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk</em>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013. Uit de schooladministratie blijkt echter dat zij deel uitmaakte van 6A.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oi2wz\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_100: H.A.M. Kuperus aan Otto Frank (n.a.v. de schenking exemplaar van <em>Het Achterhuis</em>), juni 1947.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t313h\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_070: Bitte schreiben Sie mir etwas über Anne Frank.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"y2uda\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_036: Kasschriftje van het ouderfonds, Klasse 1B 1935-'3.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wjnsq\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_037: Ouderfonds Klasse B 1936-'37.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"g7tuf\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_038: Ouderfonds Klasse B 1937-'38.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jypil\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_039: Ouderfonds Klasse B 1938-'39.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5exmf\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_040: Ouderfonds Klasse B 1939-'40.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j3636\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_027: Ouderfonds Klasse A 1940-'41.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yu2i4\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_A_Frank_III_055: Fotoalbum van Anne Frank ("Blanco Electro Monster Huishoudboek 1937"), nr. 30; AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_III_002, nr. 004.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"chc1x\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_A_Frank_III_055: Fotoalbum van Anne Frank ("Blanco Electro Monster Huishoudboek 1937"), nr. 40.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>Anne Frank attended the Sixth Montessori School in Amsterdam from school year <strong>1935-36</strong> until school year <strong>1940-41</strong>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Edith wrote to Gertrud Naumann on <strong>26 March 1935</strong>: '<em>Denk dir: heute muss ich Anne für die Schule anmelden; sie wird wohl weiter in der Montessori Schule bleiben.'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"k506q\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Later she writes: '<em>Anne kommt erst im August in die Schule.'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"hzxe9\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> The date of Anne's admission to the 6th Montessori School was <strong>16 August 1935</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8qoa8\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> She was placed in class 1B with Mr. Van Gelder. He remained Anne's teacher up to and including the fourth grade. In the fifth grade (<strong>1939</strong>-<strong> '40</strong>) she was with Miss Godron and in class 6A<strong> (1940-'41</strong>) with Mrs. Kuperus.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>In school year <strong>1940-'41</strong> Anne wrote to her grandmother: '<em>Master has been away from school for two years now, this year I am in Mrs Kuperus's class (...)</em>'. <sup data-footnote-id=\"ak5bk\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> In her diary, Anne wrote about Mrs. Kuperus in <strong>1942</strong>: '<em>In sixth grade my teacher was Mrs. Kuperus, the principal</em>'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"zomaw\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> The date Anne was deregistered was <strong>27 September 1941</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"8qoa8\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Otto Frank later wrote to Mrs Kuperus: 'Anne was a real Montessori child'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"oi2wz\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> In <strong>1968</strong> Otto Frank wrote: 'For Anne it was good that she attended a Montessori school, where each pupil was treated very individually'.<sup data-footnote-id=\"t313h\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Due to the Montessori system, the composition of the classes changed. According to the information from the Parents' Fund, Anne had the following classmates in the various classes:<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>1935-1936</strong>, class <strong>1B</strong> with Mr Van Gelder.<br />\r\nLia v/d Ancker, Bob Arnoldy, Martha v./d. Berg, Mary Distelbrink, Bob Gatersleben (deleted: left school), Lily van Gelder, Elis Goslar, Johnny Groenevelt, Sylvia Groot, Guusta Holzhausen, Sally Kimmel, Suze Koker (deleted: left school), Jo Kolthek, Leo Kramer, Ruth Langendijk (deleted: left school), Willy Lansink, Freetje de Leeuw, Jaap de Leeuw, Rijk Loek, Gerda Moes, Peter Neuhaus, Bob Overre, Sally Philipse, Betty Polk, Jacq. v. Praag, Greta Prette, Willy Reiman (deleted), A. Reiner, Alex. Schaap, Willy Smits, Rie Swillens, Lettie Tielkemeyer, Loesje Werdick, Sonja Vugts, Els Wachenhausen, Renée Weber, Benny Weiss, Paula Ovink.<sup data-footnote-id=\"53thu\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>1936-1937</strong>, class 2<strong>B</strong> with Mr Van Gelder.<br />\r\nL. v.d. Ancker, R. Arnoldy, M. Berg, D. Bouma, L. van Dijk, K. Egyedi, C. van Gelder, R. van Gelderen, E. Goslar, J. Groeneveld, F. de Groot, R. Hannes, S. Kimel, S. Krieg, H. Lansink, J. de Leeuw, J. Looy (deleted: left school), R. Loek, G. Moes, S. Mug, B. de Muinck Keizer, E. Mulder, C. Muller, R. Müller, P. Neuhaus, Y. v Ommen (deleted B. Overre), P. Ovink, S. Philipse, A. Reiner, M. de Ruiter, H. Scholten, J. Soutendijk, J. Scholtz, J. Saltiel, L. Strakkee, R. Swillens, S. Tak, L. Verdickt, H. Vreugde, S. Vught (deleted: left school), Ebie Jekel.<sup data-footnote-id=\"wjnsq\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>1937-1938</strong>, class 3<strong>B</strong> with Mr Van Gelder.<br />\r\nDinie Amelsbeek, Lia van den Ancker, Corrie Bouwmeester, Liesje Brilleman Annie v.d. Broek, Nellie Davidson, Vera Frank, Jopie Fuchs Lily van Gelder, John Groeneveld, Bep Groot Battavé, Gerrie Hildering Paultje Jacobs, Juultje Ketellapper, Rudi Kolthek, Hetty Lansink, Chelly Metzelaar, Ella Mulder, Yvonne van Ommen (deleted), Paula Ovink, Sally Philipse, Magda de Ruiter, Izaäk Slösser, Gerrie v.d. Vegte, Loesje Verdickt, Robbie Arnoly, Martha van den Berg, Mary Bos, Lucy van Dijk, Käthe Egyedi, Liesbeth Goslar, Sally Kimel, Jaap de Leeuw, Loek Rijk, Gerda Moes, Peter Neuhaus, Appie Reiner, Rietje Swillens, Dick Bouma, Freetje de Groot, Robbie Hannes, Ebie Jekel, Sonja Mug, Hans Scholten, Jo Sealtiel, Leo Strackee.<sup data-footnote-id=\"g7tuf\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>1938-1939</strong>, class 4<strong>B</strong> with Mr Van Gelder./Miss Godron<br />\r\nSelma Agsteribbe, Diny Amelsbeek, Lia van den Ancker, Bob Arnoldy, Martha v/d Berg, Mary Bos, D.Bouma, Corrie Bouwmeester, L.Brilleman, Annie v/d Broeke (deleted), Nelly Davidson, Lucy van Dijk, Käthe Egyedi, Vera Frank, Lily van Gelder, Elisab. Goslar, Johnny Groenevelt, F. de Groot, Bep van Groot Battavé, R. Hannes, Gerrie Hildering, E. Jekel, Juultje Ketellapper, Sally Kimmel, Rudi Kolthek, Willy Lansink, Jaap de Leeuw, Rijk Loek, Gerda Moes, Sonja Mug, Elly Mulder, Peter Neuhaus, Paula Ovink, Sally Philipse, A. Reiner, Magda de Ruiter, B. Scholten, Jo Sealtiel, Izaäk Slösser, Leo Strackee, Rie Swillens, Gerrie v/d Vegte, Loesje Verdick.<sup data-footnote-id=\"jypil\"><a href=\"#footnote-11\" id=\"footnote-marker-11-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[11]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>1939-1940</strong>, class 5<strong>B</strong> with Miss Godron.<br />\r\nB. Arnoldy, M van de Berg, M. Bos, D. Bouma, C. Bouwmeester, L. Brilleman, L. van Dijk, K. Egyedi, W. Engel, V. Frank, E. Goslar, F. de Groot (deleted: no longer able to pay), B. Groot Battavé, R. Hannes, G. Hildering, E. Jekel, S. Kimmel, F. Kolthek, A. Knebel (deleted: moved at the end of June), R. Kolthek, J. de Leeuw, W. Leyten, R. Loek, G. Moes, S. Mug, P. Neuhaus, A. Reiner, L. Rustenburg, R. Salomons, H. Scheerder, J. Schlösser, H. Scholten, J. Scholtz, J. Sealtiel, L. Strackee, R. Swillens, L. Verdickt, J. Wiegel, D. Witjas (left 13/10).<sup data-footnote-id=\"5exmf\"><a href=\"#footnote-12\" id=\"footnote-marker-12-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[12]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>1940-1941</strong>, class 6A with Miss Kuperus<br />\r\nS. Agsteribbe, D. Amelsbeek, B. Arnoldy, L. Bakker (deleted) , W. Basz, W. Blauw, H. Bomers, C. Bouwmeester, L. Brilleman, A. Coppenhagen, M. Coster, A. Eering, K. Egyedi, V. Frank, E. Goslar, R. de Graaf, J. Groenevelt, B. de Groot Battavé, G. Hildering, R. van Gelderen, B. Janssen, J. Kolthek, I. Koopman, S. Krieg, J. de Leeuw, E. Lentz, L. de Levie, H. Maas, R. Metzelaar, G. Mittelmeijer, G. Moes, R. Muller, K. Musikant, L. Nijssen, A. Pachter, S. Philipse, E. Polak, R. Polak, K. Slaterus, J. Slosser, J. Soutendijk, T. Steen, H. Stork, Rie Swillens, G. van der Vegte, C. Westera S. Windt.<sup data-footnote-id=\"j3636\"><a href=\"#footnote-13\" id=\"footnote-marker-13-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[13]</a></sup><br />\r\n<br />\r\nThere is a photo of Anne's class with the caption <em>1936 in Mr Van Gelder's class</em><em>. </em>There is also a photo of Anne in Van Gelder's class from <strong>1938</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"yu2i4\"><a href=\"#footnote-14\" id=\"footnote-marker-14-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[14]</a></sup> There is also a photo of Anne together with Miss Godron, Martha van de Berg and Rebecca Salomons.<sup data-footnote-id=\"chc1x\"><a href=\"#footnote-15\" id=\"footnote-marker-15-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[15]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"k506q\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Getuigen_I_090: Edith Frank aan Gertrud Naumann, 26 maart 1935.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hzxe9\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_getuigen_I_119: Edith Frank aan Gertrud Naumann, gedateerd 'Freitag'.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"8qoa8\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_002: Inschrijvingsregister Montessorischool, volgnummer 109.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"ak5bk\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Familiearchief Anne Frank-Fonds (AFF), Bazel, Alice Frank, AFF_Alf_corr_18: Anne Frank aan Alice Frank, ongedateerd.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"zomaw\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 15 June 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>; transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty, London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"oi2wz\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, Otto Frank Archief (OFA), reg. code OFA_100: H.A.M. Kuperus aan Otto Frank (n.a.v. de schenking exemplaar van <em>Het Achterhuis</em>), juni 1947.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"t313h\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code OFA_070: Bitte schreiben Sie mir etwas über Anne Frank.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"53thu\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_036: Cash ledger of the Parents' Fund, Class 1B 1935-'3.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"wjnsq\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_037: Ouderfonds Klasse B 1936-'37.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"g7tuf\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_038: Ouderfonds Klasse B 1937-'38.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"jypil\" id=\"footnote-11\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-11-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_039: Ouderfonds Klasse B 1938-'39.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5exmf\" id=\"footnote-12\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-12-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_040: Ouderfonds Klasse B 1939-'40.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"j3636\" id=\"footnote-13\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-13-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_027: Ouderfonds Klasse A 1940-'41.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"yu2i4\" id=\"footnote-14\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-14-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_A_Frank_III_055: Fotoalbum van Anne Frank ("Blanco Electro Monster Huishoudboek 1937"), nr. 30; AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_III_002, nr. 004.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"chc1x\" id=\"footnote-15\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-15-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_A_Frank_III_055: Fotoalbum van Anne Frank ("Blanco Electro Monster Huishoudboek 1937"), nr. 40.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"date": null,
"date_start": "1935-08-16",
"date_end": "1941-09-27",
"summary": "Anne Frank attended the Sixth Montessori School in Amsterdam from 1935 to 1941.",
"summary_nl": "Anne Frank zat van 1935 tot 1941 op de Zesde Montessorischool te Amsterdam.",
"summary_en": "Anne Frank attended the Sixth Montessori School in Amsterdam from 1935 to 1941.",
"same_as": null,
"files": []
}
],
"subjects": [
{
"id": 396124506,
"image": null,
"url": "https://research.annefrank.org/en/onderwerpen/233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627/",
"published": true,
"uuid": "233f34c4-f312-4cac-b08e-71819db78627",
"name": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_nl": "Rivierenbuurt",
"name_en": "Rivierenbuurt",
"description": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_nl": "<p>De <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt, die wordt begrensd door de Amstelrivier in het oosten, de Boerenwetering in het westen, het Amstelkanaal in het noorden, en de Zuidelijke Wandelweg in het zuiden. Het maakt deel uit van <em>Plan Zuid</em>, een stedenbouwkundig plan voor Amsterdam-Zuid, dat in het begin van de <strong>20e eeuw</strong> werd ontworpen door de architect H.P Berlage.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> bestond uit drie delen: de <em>Apollobuurt</em> en de <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, gericht op welgestelden, middenklasse en arbeidersklasse, en de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, gericht op de middenklasse. Ook een groot deel van de buurt <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> behoort tot het <em>Plan Zuid</em>. In het stedenbouwkundig plan was bedacht dat drie hoofdstraten (de Amstellanen) de buurt in een Y-vorm zouden doorsnijden, en samen zouden komen op het Daniël Willinkplein, een vernoeming naar de Nederlandse schrijver Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> Dit waren de Amstellaan (na de oorlog werd dit de Stalinlaan en in <strong>1956</strong>, na de Russische inval in Hongarije, gewijzigd in Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (nu Churchill-laan) en Zuider Amstellaan (nu Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> De overige straatnamen in de buurt werden vernoemd naar Nederlandse rivieren.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>De woningen in de <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> oefenden vanaf het begin van de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Joodse Amsterdammers uit de middenklasse. Qua grootte en voorzieningen staken zij bijzonder gunstig af tegen de kleine, slechte woningen in de overbevolkte Jodenbuurt rond het Waterlooplein. Toch was er in de <strong>jaren dertig</strong> veel leegstand, en daardoor streken ook veel Duitse Joden die vanuit nazi-Duitsland naar Nederland vluchtten, hier neer, waaronder ook de families Frank en Van Pels en een aantal van hun vrienden en kennissen. De immigranten voelden zich thuis in deze buurt met de vele geloofsgenoten. Uiteindelijk woonde in <strong>1940</strong> zo'n 40% van de in Amsterdam wonende Joden in dit deel van de stad.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"description_en": "<p>The <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district, bounded by the Amstel River to the east, the Boerenwetering to the west, the Amstel Canal to the north, and the Zuidelijke Wandelweg to the south. It is part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>, an urban development plan for Amsterdam South designed by architect H.P Berlage in the early <strong>20th</strong> century.<sup data-footnote-id=\"paafj\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Plan Zuid</em> consisted of three parts: the <em>Apollobuurt</em> and <em>Stadionbuurt</em>, aimed at the well-to-do, middle and working classes, and the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em>, aimed at the middle classes. A large part of the <em>Nieuwe Pijp</em> neighbourhood was also part of <em>Plan Zuid</em>. The urban plan envisaged that three main streets (the <em>Amstellanen</em>) would cut through the neighbourhood in a Y-shape, converging on Daniël Willinkplein, named after the Dutch writer Daniël Willink (1676-1722).<sup data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup> These were Amstellaan (after the war this became Stalinlaan and in <strong>1956</strong>, after the Russian invasion of Hungary, changed to Vrijheidslaan), Noorder Amstellaan (now Churchilllaan) and Zuider Amstellaan (now Rooseveltlaan).<sup data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> The other street names in the neighbourhood were named after Dutch rivers.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>The houses in the <em>Rivierenbuurt</em> exerted great attraction on middle-class Jewish Amsterdammers from the early <strong>1930s</strong>. In terms of size and amenities, they contrasted particularly favourably with the small, poor houses in the overcrowded Jewish quarter around Waterlooplein. Nevertheless, there was a lot of vacancy in the <strong>1930s</strong>, and as a result, many German Jews who fled to the Netherlands from Nazi Germany also settled here, including the Frank and Van Pels families and some of their friends and acquaintances. The immigrants felt at home in this neighbourhood with its many fellow Jews. Eventually, by <strong>1940</strong>, around 40 per cent of the Jews living in Amsterdam lived in this part of the city.<sup data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"paafj\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_Zuid</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"snfsd\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Het Daniël Willinkplein werd kort na de oorlog, naar aanleiding van de overwinning van de Geallieerden, omgedoopt tot Victorieplein; zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorieplein_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"hk7av\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstellanen</a> (geraadpleegd 19 ovember 2022).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"xk4k5\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Zie <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)\" target=\"_blank\">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivierenbuurt_(Amsterdam)</a> (geraadpleegd 19 november 2022).</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"summary": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
"summary_nl": "De Rivierenbuurt is een in het oosten van het Amsterdamse stadsdeel Zuid gelegen buurt waar zich vanaf de jaren dertig veel Joodse inwoners hebben gevestigd.",
"summary_en": "The Rivierenbuurt is a neighbourhood located in the east of Amsterdam's Zuid district where many Jewish residents settled from the 1930s onwards.",
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"summary": "Schools are institutions where education is provided.",
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"name": "Sixth Montessori school",
"name_nl": "Zesde Montessorischool",
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"content": "<p>The Sixth Montessori School is successively located on Dintelstraat, Amsterdam; Niersstraat 43 (kindergarten, May 23, 1934);<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7k43\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Niersstraat 41 (primary school).<sup data-footnote-id=\"5eshn\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>From <strong>9 April 1934</strong> to <strong>13 July 1935</strong>, Anne Frank attended Preparatory School No. 51, the kindergarten of the Sixth Montessori School.<sup data-footnote-id=\"bqzv1\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> In <strong>May '34</strong>, that school moved from Dintelstraat to Niersstraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7k43\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Anne moved it. She was in Miss Baldal's class. Two photos have been preserved showing Anne with Miss Baldal.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1lpyu\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Head mistress of the school was Bernardina Cohen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"59qiy\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> She remained so until <strong>1941</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7k43\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> As of <strong>1955</strong> the school was called <em>Blauwe Zeedistel</em>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne also received primary education at the Sixth Montessori School. Her mother wrote to a former neighbor in Frankfurt in <strong>March 1935</strong>: '<em>Think about it: today I have to register Anne for school; She will probably stay in the Montessori school.'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"bjb96\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> The date of Anne's admission was <strong>16 August 1935</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"u9jwl\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>She was successively taught by Mr. Van Gelder, Miss Godron and Miss Kuperus.<sup data-footnote-id=\"e92mw\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> According to school records, Anne was in class 6A with Miss Kuperus. Miss Kuperus was head mistress of the primary school.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5eshn\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne was actually supposed to attend a seventh year of primary school, but this could not happen due to the exclusion of Jews from regular education. She therefore immediately went on to secondary school, namely the Jewish Lyceum.<sup data-footnote-id=\"e92mw\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> In <strong>September 1941</strong>, one hundred and fifty-eight Jewish children had to leave the Sixth Montessori School. After the war, a memorial plaque was placed in the school building. The school was named after Anne Frank on <strong>12 June 1957</strong>. <sup data-footnote-id=\"vl46m\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>1983</strong>, a large mural of a passage from Anne's diary was painted on the facade.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9yrxf\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> In translation, it reads: '<em>I love Holland. I who, having no native country, had hoped it would become my fatherland, and I hope it still will. yours, Anne M. Frank</em>.'</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h7k43\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Montessori_I_001: Handgeschreven notitie en brief Gemeente Amsterdam, 28 april 1934, voorin inschrijfboek.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5eshn\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite><em>Algemeen Adresboek voor de stad Amsterdam </em>1938, p. 33 (voorwerk).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bqzv1\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_001: leerlingenregister Voorbereidende school No. 51, volgnummer 293.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1lpyu\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_AFrank_III_055: "Blanco Electro Monster Huishoudboek 1937", nrs. 26 en 28.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"59qiy\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Algemeen Adresboek</em> <em>der stad Amsterdam. 85ste jaargang, </em>1938-1939, Amsterdam: Ellerman, Harms & Co., p. 35.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bjb96\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_getuigen_I_090: Edith Frank aan Gertrud Naumann, 26 maart 1935.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"u9jwl\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_002: Inschrijvingsregister Montessorischool, volgnummer 109.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e92mw\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 16 June 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty,<em> </em>London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vl46m\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bas Mol e.a. (red.), <em>6e Montessorischool Anne Frank. 75 jaar en springlevend!, </em>Amsterdam: 6e Montessorischool Anne Frank, 2008, p. 48; Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_Montessori_School_Anne_Frank\" target=\"_blank\">6th Montessori School Anne Frank</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9yrxf\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Schoolgids 6e Montessorischool Anne frank </em>2010 <em>– </em>2011, p 5.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_nl": "<p>De Zesde Montessorischool is achtereenvolgens gevestigd op de Dintelstraat, Amsterdam; Niersstraat 43 (kleuterschool, 23 mei 1934);<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7k43\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Niersstraat 41 (lagere school).<sup data-footnote-id=\"5eshn\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Van <strong>9 april 1934</strong> tot <strong>13 juli 1935</strong> zat Anne Frank op Voorbereidende school no. 51, de kleuterschool van het Zesde Montessorischool.<sup data-footnote-id=\"bqzv1\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> In <strong>mei ’34</strong> verhuisde die school van de Dintelstraat naar de Niersstraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7k43\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Anne maakte deze verhuizing mee. Ze zat in de klas bij juffrouw Baldal. Er zijn twee foto’s bewaard gebleven waar Anne met juffrouw Baldal opstaat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1lpyu\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Hoofd van de school was Bernardina Cohen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"59qiy\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> Zij bleef dit tot <strong>1941</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7k43\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Vanaf <strong>1955</strong> heette de school <em>de Blauwe Zeedistel</em>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ook het lager onderwijs volgde Anne aan de Zesde Montessorischool. Haar moeder schreef in <strong>maart ’35</strong> aan een vroeger buurmeisje in Frankfurt: '<em>Denk dir: heute muss ich Anne für die Schule anmelden; sie wird wohl weiter in der Montessori Schule bleiben.'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"bjb96\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> De datum van Annes toelating was <strong>16 augustus 1935</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"u9jwl\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Ze had achtereenvolgens les van mijnheer Van Gelder, juffrouw Godron en mevrouw Kuperus.<sup data-footnote-id=\"e92mw\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> Volgens de schooladministratie zat Anne bij mevrouw Kuperus in klas 6A. Mevrouw Kuperus was hoofd van de lagere school.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5eshn\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne moest eigenlijk een zevende jaar op de lagere school volgen, maar dit kon door de uitsluiting van Joden uit het reguliere onderwijs niet doorgaan. Ze ging daarom toch meteen door naar de middelbare school, en wel het Joods Lyceum.<sup data-footnote-id=\"e92mw\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> In <strong>september ’41</strong> moesten honderdachtenvijftig Joodse kinderen de Zesde Montessorischool verlaten. Na de oorlog is een herdenkingsplaquette in het schoolgebouw geplaatst. De school werd op <strong>12 juni 1957</strong> naar Anne Frank genoemd. <sup data-footnote-id=\"vl46m\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>1983</strong> werd op de gevel een grote muurschildering van een passage uit Annes dagboek aangebracht.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9yrxf\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> De tekst luidt: '<em>Ik houd van Nederland, ik heb eenmaal gehoopt dat het mij vaderlandsloze als vaderland mag dienen, ik hoop het nog. Je Anne M. Frank</em>.'</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h7k43\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Montessori_I_001: Handgeschreven notitie en brief Gemeente Amsterdam, 28 april 1934, voorin inschrijfboek.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5eshn\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite><em>Algemeen Adresboek voor de stad Amsterdam </em>1938, p. 33 (voorwerk).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bqzv1\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_001: leerlingenregister Voorbereidende school No. 51, volgnummer 293.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1lpyu\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_AFrank_III_055: "Blanco Electro Monster Huishoudboek 1937", nrs. 26 en 28.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"59qiy\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Algemeen Adresboek</em> <em>der stad Amsterdam. 85ste jaargang, </em>1938-1939, Amsterdam: Ellerman, Harms & Co., p. 35.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bjb96\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_getuigen_I_090: Edith Frank aan Gertrud Naumann, 26 maart 1935.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"u9jwl\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_002: Inschrijvingsregister Montessorischool, volgnummer 109.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e92mw\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Dagboek A, 16 juni 1942, in: <em>Verzameld werk,</em> Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2013</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vl46m\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bas Mol e.a. (red.), <em>6e Montessorischool Anne Frank. 75 jaar en springlevend!, </em>Amsterdam: 6e Montessorischool Anne Frank, 2008, p. 48; Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/6e_Montessorischool_Anne_Frank\" target=\"_blank\">6e Montessorischool Anne Frank</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9yrxf\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Schoolgids 6e Montessorischool Anne frank </em>2010 <em>– </em>2011, p 5.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"content_en": "<p>The Sixth Montessori School is successively located on Dintelstraat, Amsterdam; Niersstraat 43 (kindergarten, May 23, 1934);<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7k43\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Niersstraat 41 (primary school).<sup data-footnote-id=\"5eshn\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>From <strong>9 April 1934</strong> to <strong>13 July 1935</strong>, Anne Frank attended Preparatory School No. 51, the kindergarten of the Sixth Montessori School.<sup data-footnote-id=\"bqzv1\"><a href=\"#footnote-3\" id=\"footnote-marker-3-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[3]</a></sup> In <strong>May '34</strong>, that school moved from Dintelstraat to Niersstraat.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7k43\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> Anne moved it. She was in Miss Baldal's class. Two photos have been preserved showing Anne with Miss Baldal.<sup data-footnote-id=\"1lpyu\"><a href=\"#footnote-4\" id=\"footnote-marker-4-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[4]</a></sup> Head mistress of the school was Bernardina Cohen.<sup data-footnote-id=\"59qiy\"><a href=\"#footnote-5\" id=\"footnote-marker-5-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[5]</a></sup> She remained so until <strong>1941</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"h7k43\"><a href=\"#footnote-1\" id=\"footnote-marker-1-3\" rel=\"footnote\">[1]</a></sup> As of <strong>1955</strong> the school was called <em>Blauwe Zeedistel</em>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne also received primary education at the Sixth Montessori School. Her mother wrote to a former neighbor in Frankfurt in <strong>March 1935</strong>: '<em>Think about it: today I have to register Anne for school; She will probably stay in the Montessori school.'</em><sup data-footnote-id=\"bjb96\"><a href=\"#footnote-6\" id=\"footnote-marker-6-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[6]</a></sup> The date of Anne's admission was <strong>16 August 1935</strong>.<sup data-footnote-id=\"u9jwl\"><a href=\"#footnote-7\" id=\"footnote-marker-7-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[7]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>She was successively taught by Mr. Van Gelder, Miss Godron and Miss Kuperus.<sup data-footnote-id=\"e92mw\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> According to school records, Anne was in class 6A with Miss Kuperus. Miss Kuperus was head mistress of the primary school.<sup data-footnote-id=\"5eshn\"><a href=\"#footnote-2\" id=\"footnote-marker-2-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[2]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Anne was actually supposed to attend a seventh year of primary school, but this could not happen due to the exclusion of Jews from regular education. She therefore immediately went on to secondary school, namely the Jewish Lyceum.<sup data-footnote-id=\"e92mw\"><a href=\"#footnote-8\" id=\"footnote-marker-8-2\" rel=\"footnote\">[8]</a></sup> In <strong>September 1941</strong>, one hundred and fifty-eight Jewish children had to leave the Sixth Montessori School. After the war, a memorial plaque was placed in the school building. The school was named after Anne Frank on <strong>12 June 1957</strong>. <sup data-footnote-id=\"vl46m\"><a href=\"#footnote-9\" id=\"footnote-marker-9-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[9]</a></sup></p>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>1983</strong>, a large mural of a passage from Anne's diary was painted on the facade.<sup data-footnote-id=\"9yrxf\"><a href=\"#footnote-10\" id=\"footnote-marker-10-1\" rel=\"footnote\">[10]</a></sup> In translation, it reads: '<em>I love Holland. I who, having no native country, had hoped it would become my fatherland, and I hope it still will. yours, Anne M. Frank</em>.'</p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\r\n<header>\r\n<h2>Footnotes</h2>\r\n</header>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"h7k43\" id=\"footnote-1\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-2\">b</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-1-3\">c</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank Stichting (AFS), Anne Frank Collectie (AFC), reg. code A_Montessori_I_001: Handgeschreven notitie en brief Gemeente Amsterdam, 28 april 1934, voorin inschrijfboek.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"5eshn\" id=\"footnote-2\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-2-2\">b</a> </sup><cite><em>Algemeen Adresboek voor de stad Amsterdam </em>1938, p. 33 (voorwerk).</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bqzv1\" id=\"footnote-3\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-3-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_001: leerlingenregister Voorbereidende school No. 51, volgnummer 293.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"1lpyu\" id=\"footnote-4\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-4-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_AFrank_III_055: "Blanco Electro Monster Huishoudboek 1937", nrs. 26 en 28.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"59qiy\" id=\"footnote-5\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-5-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Algemeen Adresboek</em> <em>der stad Amsterdam. 85ste jaargang, </em>1938-1939, Amsterdam: Ellerman, Harms & Co., p. 35.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"bjb96\" id=\"footnote-6\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-6-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_getuigen_I_090: Edith Frank aan Gertrud Naumann, 26 maart 1935.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"u9jwl\" id=\"footnote-7\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-7-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>AFS, AFC, reg. code A_Montessori_I_002: Inschrijvingsregister Montessorischool, volgnummer 109.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"e92mw\" id=\"footnote-8\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-1\">a</a>, <a href=\"#footnote-marker-8-2\">b</a> </sup><cite>Anne Frank, Diary Version A, 16 June 1942, in: <em>The Collected Works</em>, transl. from the Dutch by Susan Massotty,<em> </em>London [etc.]: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"vl46m\" id=\"footnote-9\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-9-1\">^</a> </sup><cite>Bas Mol e.a. (red.), <em>6e Montessorischool Anne Frank. 75 jaar en springlevend!, </em>Amsterdam: 6e Montessorischool Anne Frank, 2008, p. 48; Wikipedia: <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_Montessori_School_Anne_Frank\" target=\"_blank\">6th Montessori School Anne Frank</a>.</cite></li>\r\n\t<li data-footnote-id=\"9yrxf\" id=\"footnote-10\"><sup><a href=\"#footnote-marker-10-1\">^</a> </sup><cite><em>Schoolgids 6e Montessorischool Anne frank </em>2010 <em>– </em>2011, p 5.</cite></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n</section>",
"position": "SRID=4326;POINT (4.894047 52.342819)",
"summary": "The Sixth Montessori School was the primary school attended by Anne Frank.",
"summary_nl": "De Zesde Montessorischool was de lagere school die door Anne Frank werd bezocht.",
"summary_en": "The Sixth Montessori School was the primary school attended by Anne Frank.",
"same_as": null,
"street": "Nierstraat 41",
"zipcode": "",
"city": "Amsterdam",
"state": "",
"land": "Nederland",
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